FI86359C - Device for agricultural dispensing machine - Google Patents

Description

86359

EQUIPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL APPLIANCES - ANORDNING VID UTMAT-NINGSMASKIN FÖR LANTBRUK

The present invention relates to an apparatus for agricultural spreading machines, for example machines used for sowing seeds, applying solid or liquid fertilizer or the like without first cultivating the soil by plowing, hoeing or the like, the machine comprising a frame and support wheels facing downwards and pivoting upwards relative to the frame by means of a power device and on which machine spreading vanes with spreading cams are arranged, which are suspended from the lower ends of the arms of the straps, the upper ends being connected to the frame by means of fastening means. The machine can be towed behind a hydraulically towed vehicle.

Devices are known in which the working depth is adjusted, for example in seed drills, by means of support and transfer wheels mounted on both sides of the machine as checkpoints or support wheels arranged at the rear of the drill, both wheels connected to the machine or drill body.

It is obvious that when adjusting the working or sowing depth when using only two wheels, the unevenness of the soil between the two wheels cannot be taken into account. The working depth thus varies greatly depending on the unevenness of the soil. The accuracy of the depth adjustment can be improved by using several support or support wheels as checkpoints, but this depth can still vary greatly. With a sowing depth of, for example, 20-40 mm, it is necessary to position the seed with an accuracy of a few millimeters in order to achieve a good result. The sides of the machine are provided with marking devices which make a low furrow in the ground, the distance of this furrow from the machine preferably being set so that the next time the drill travels in the opposite direction, the towing vehicle 2 86359 passes directly above this furrow or with its front wheel in the furrow. In known machines, two transfer wheels are generally arranged outside the width covered by the seed drills, which results in a high wheel pressure and also increases the width of the seed drill more than would be necessary.

The markers on the drill are also implemented in such a way that when the marker on one side is turned upwards in its rest position, the marker on the other side is in operation. This is a disadvantage when an obstacle formed by a pole, support rope or the like is encountered and the marker must be retracted, and then the same marker is used for continuation. In automatic marker changes, various steps must be taken to reactivate the marker that was previously used.

The rims used in known spreading devices are rigidly attached to the frame with rigid arms, the frame extending over the entire width of the machine, with the result that if ·; ··· one rim hits an obstacle on the ground, such as a stone, very large forces are applied to this rim if it is rigidly attached . The rims are therefore ... arranged vertically articulated on a horizontal axis and made flexible by means of steel coil springs. ; ·; Such a structure is subject to severe wear due to dust. Even if the moving parts are lubricated, the wear is intense and causes the rims not to *. ": Move on the desired trajectories.

In the device according to the invention, several disadvantages have been overcome and a machine has been obtained, the application of which is precise and operates at the desired depth. This is achieved by the features set forth in the appended claims.

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In the following, the invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Fig. 1 shows a rear view of the drill at a certain angle.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a drill on one side, with two disc-shaped hoops connected to the support wheel.

Fig. 3 shows another device according to the invention.

Fig. 4 schematically shows some support wheels of the machine against uneven ground.

Figure 5 shows the support wheels and grooves on the ground.

Fig. 6 shows the wheels according to Fig. 5 with respect to the seed coulters in the second position.

Fig. 7 shows a partially sectioned rotating disc-shaped rim and a dosing tube.

Fig. 8 schematically shows a hydraulic system for a lateral position adjusting device.

Fig. 9 shows a changeover mechanism for the changeover valve shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 shows a front view of a working hoop and support hoop.

Fig. 11 shows Fig. 10 when viewed from the side.

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Figures 12 and 13 show two other embodiments of the invention.

In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 shows a drill in its entirety, comprising a frame or frame 2, support wheels 3 and a front seed drill 4 in the shape of a rotating disc, and a rear seed drill 5 connected to the support wheel 3 as described below.

At least one hydraulic cylinder 6 is arranged in the body 2 of the seed drill 1, which cylinder rotates an axis extending transversely to the machine and which cylinder is provided with a shaft 7 for each support wheel 3. The outer end of the arm has a joint 24 for connecting parts 8 arranged on both sides of the support wheels 3. The lower ends of the connecting parts 8 are articulated to the support shafts 9 of the support wheels 3.

The side markers 50, 51 are also seen in Figure 1, where they are arranged on both sides of the machine. These markers can be pulled up to the rest position, as indicated by the right marker 51, and to the working position, as indicated by the left marker 50. Markers ... can be rotated between their different positions by hydraulic ·; by means of the cylinders 52, 53 under the action of the control device, ·· 'as will be explained in detail below. Each marker 50, 51 is provided with a pin 66 which is adjustable laterally along the marker to make a furrow. to the desired distance from the center line of the machine. The furrow can be located so that one of the front wheels of the towing vehicle or its center line runs along the furrow when the drill has turned "!!" and makes grooves in the other direction next to the furrows previously made.

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In Fig. 2, the reference numerals for the respective parts are the same as in Fig. 1. The compensating shaft 10 passes through the center of the support wheel 3 and this shaft may possibly be the support wheel shaft, the compensating shaft having compensating arms 11 and 12 on both sides. The outer ends of the compensating arms 11 and 12 have rods 13 and 14 articulated to the outer ends of the compensating arms 11 and 12, the other ends of these rods being articulated to disc shafts 15 and 16 for disc-shaped rims 4 and 5.

It can be further seen from Figure 2 that the arms 17 and 18 of the hoops for the disc shafts 15 and 16 and that the mounting ends of the arms are connected to the body 2 of the drill 1 by means of elastic rubber connectors 19 and 20. In order to set the arm 7 to a certain set value by means of the hydraulic cylinder 6, the outer articulation point 24 of the arm and thus the upper articulation point 24 of the connecting part 8 is fixed with respect to the body 2. As the machine moves, the disc-shaped coulters make furrows in the ground, the depth of which furrows is indicated by reference numeral 21, and the seed is fed to the bottom of the furrow through cams 22.

Figure 2 shows the machine operating principle of the machine acting as a homogeneous soil level 23 in the direction of the arrow. Figure 2 shows the operation of the device when the drill coulter front face 4 of the hard stone or 30, wherein the four Vantaa arm 17 turns counter-clockwise through the upper / upwards according to the arrow 32. This leads to the fact that the rod 13 moves back and activates the balancing shaft 11 so that the support wheel 3 is rotated to a certain extent also the counter-clockwise back pass and upwardly in the direction of the arrow 31 the upper end of the connecting part 8 with respect to pivot 24. During this compensatory movement of the arm 11 also rotates counterclockwise to a certain extent and the rod 14 via the disc-5 ploughshare arm 18 pivots clockwise somewhat forward / 6 86359 downwardly in the direction of the arrow 33. The movements performed by the leveling arms 11, 12 and the rods 13, 14 result in the depth 21 of the furrow made by the disc-shaped Vantaa 5 remaining unchanged when the second sowing pan 4 has to change its position in the height direction for some reason. This is due to the interaction of the interconnected arms of the shafts 15, 9 and 16, which coupling is affected by the compensating mechanism 13, 11, 10, 12, 14.

Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the device, in which the compensating mechanism formed by the compensating arms and rods between the wheels and the disc-shaped rims is arranged differently. The reference numerals appearing in this figure indicate the same details as before. In addition, a fastening plate 36 is provided in the connecting part 8 with a row of holes 37 in which one end of the connecting part 38 can be articulated. The connecting part 38 is in turn connected to an attachment point 39 in the leveling connecting part 40, one end of which connecting part 40 is articulated to the shaft 16 of the disc-shaped Vantaa 5. At the other end of the connecting part 40 there is an articulation point 41 for a rod 42 connected to the front disc 4 shaft 15.

When the foremost disc in this embodiment 4 of the invention comes into contact with point 30, turning arm 17, somewhat counter-clockwise direction of arrow 32 to in this case, the rod 42 moves backward as shown by arrow 42 and the connecting portion 40 of the top end moves back so that the lower part of the balancing arm 40 together with disc 5, the shaft 16 with turns somewhat forward with respect to the articulation point 39. The connecting portion 8 is also in accordance with the small counter-clockwise rotation extending through the rod 38 of the arrow 31. The shafts 9, 15 and 16, which are connected together by a compensating mechanism, are thus subjected to movement in the same way as previously shown in connection with Fig. 2, so that the working depth of the disc-shaped Vantaa 5 remains more or less unchanged. If the disc 5 encounters extra resistance, the movements are opposite.

Such large deviations as described above are unusual and the mechanism, which includes compensating arms and rods, operates with small variations with respect to the average position.

It can also be seen from Figure 3 that when the support wheel 3 moves upwards to a higher level, the spindles 4 and 5 also move to a higher level, respectively, but still in such a way that the working depth remains unchanged with respect to the support wheel 3.

It is also clear from Figure 3 that if the weight of the machine increases, for example by filling with material or loading with stabilizing weights, the pressure of the disc-shaped rims against the ground and their permeability also increase. In this case, the arms 17, 18, 8, which are usually directed downwards / backwards at a certain angle, turn to some extent counterclockwise, thus affecting the elastic rubber connectors 19, 20.

Figure 4 illustrates the laterally adjacent support wheels and the two grooves 26, 25 provided by the disc-shaped rims connected to each wheel. The support wheels shown in the figure rotate at different heights with respect to the drill assembly. From what has been said in the above paragraph, it can be seen that the different support wheels 3 control the rims 4 and 5 by cooperating with them so that the depth 21 of the grooves 26 and 25 does not vary with respect to the wheels, i.e. the bottom of the grooves remains at a constant depth below the ground. 3 rotating.

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In Fig. 5, the support wheels 34 are shown together with two circumferential flanges 28 and 29, which flanges have the same mutual distance as the grooves 26 and 25. In the figure, the displacement between the flanges 28 and 29 with respect to the seed coulters 26 and 25 is indicated by reference numeral 27. 28 and 29 press the seed furrows 26 and 25 together with the pressure applied to the ground and that the smaller the displacement 27, the greater the compression.

Figure 6 shows a situation in which the displacement 27 is zero, i.e. the flanges 28 and 29 pass directly over the seed holes 26 and 25, compressing them.

The examples shown show applications with three interconnected and height-adjustable shafts provided with rotating support wheels and disc-shaped rims connected to a leveling mechanism. However, it is clear that more than three units can be connected in a similar way to equalize the workload, in which case the support or support wheel acts as a controlling member. Accordingly, the drill can be equipped with three disc-shaped Vantaa with different distances in the direction of travel, in which case two of the axles have compensating arms, by means of which the rods are connected to the other two axes. For example, one rod may be articulated to the support wheel mounting location, while two disc-shaped Vantaa axles spaced at different distances therefrom are provided with compensating arms and the rod connected to the support wheel is connected to one end of the nearest Vantaa compensating arm and the other end of this stabilizing arm is connected to one end of the next disc-shaped Vantaa compensating arm, the other end of which of the compensating arm being connected to the shaft of the last disc-shaped Vantaa via a rod.

9 86359

In the latter embodiment of the compensating mechanism, it is most convenient to adjust the distance of the articulation points of the compensating arms, i.e.

The compensating arms can also be in the form of triangular plates. Accordingly, the leveling arm 40 shown in Fig. 3 can be realized so that the articulation points 16 and 41 are in the same position as shown in the figure, while the articulation point 39 may have moved a certain distance to the right and thus be located at the apex of the triangular plate.

The support device 3 may also comprise an elongate spring roller arranged transversely to the direction of travel. In that case, this roller can form a support device for several units connected by rods and compensating arms, which can be, for example, as shown in Fig. 3.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the support wheels 3 also form transport wheels for the machine. The wheels are brought into the transport position by means of a hydraulic cylinder 6 which pivots the arm 7 downwards, whereby the wheel 3 moves downwards by means of a joint 24, a connecting part 8 and a shaft 9 until the device rises from the ground.

In another embodiment, the individual rim may be articulated to the frame and connected to the support wheel arm by a connecting part. This is illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, where reference numerals refer to the same parts as in the previous figures. The pivot pin 20 of the shank arm 18 is attached to the frame. The connecting part 8 of the support wheel 3 is connected to the Vantaa arm 18 by means of a rod 38, whereby the pivot joint 20 receives the entire load of the wheel and the disc-like Vantaa 5. The figure also shows a hose 62 for conveying a liquid, also spreadable substance.

Fig. 13 shows essentially the same device as in Fig. 12. However, the rim 5 has been removed and the spreading cam 22 has been made so heavy that it can function to cultivate the soil.

Figure 7 is a partially sectioned view of the disc-shaped rim 4 and the spreading cam 22. The arm 17 rotatably supports the disc-like rim 4 by means of a bearing 60. The bearing 60 is mounted on the outer end of the pin 46, the inner part 47 of the pin forming a fastening part fixed to the outer end of the arm 17. The center line of the mounting portion 47 of the pin 46 forms an angle 49 with the outer portion 48 of the pin 46, supporting the bearing and thus the disc-shaped rim 4.

The central, projecting portion 44 of the disc-like Vantaa 4 is connected to the bearing 60. The outer annular portion of the Vantaa 4 is in the shape of a truncated cone with an outer cutting edge. The rim 4 is moved out of the open turn by an angle of 49 so as to make a furrow of the desired width. By means of the shaft parts 47 and 48 of the pin 46, between which there is an angle 49, it is possible to turn the shaft pin 46 at the mounting position of the arm 17 to change the adjustment angle 49 in the horizontal plane of the Vantaa 4 to a suitable angle position.

Behind the disc-shaped bearing part 44 of the disc-shaped Vantaa 4, there is a dosing tube 45 for the substance, which is dispensed through a spreading cam 22, which is located immediately outside the Vantaa 4. By placing the metering tube 45 and the spout 22 in this way, they are protected from damage caused by the soil.

Figure 8 schematically shows a circuit and function diagram of the hydraulic components for lifting and height adjustment of the machine, as well as the side markers of the machine and their control devices.

The diagram shows the connections 54 and 55 for the hydraulics of the towing vehicle. The connections have two branches 56 and 57, from which in the figure the downwardly directed wires are connected to each of the cylinders 6 and 6 '. One line runs from the branch point 56 through the compressor 58 to the piston head side of the cylinder 6, which piston rod 61 is connected to the arm 7 of the support wheel 3.

The line 59 runs from the piston-side end of the cylinder 6 to the piston-side end of the cylinder 6 ', the coupling being arranged so that the movements of the piston rods 61, 62 are synchronized with each other. The pressurized fluid passes from the end of the piston rod of the cylinder 6 'through the branch point 57 again to the towing vehicle along the line 55.

Line 63 extends from branch point 57 to connecting line 64 located between the piston rod ends of cylinders 52 and 53, which cylinders 52 and 53 are for lateral markers 50 and 51. The line 65 passes from the branch point 56 through the diverter valve 70, which will be explained in more detail later, to the piston head sides of the cylinders 52 and 53.

The diverter valve 70 has two outlets 72, 73 connected to the piston head sides of the respective cylinders 52 and 53, respectively. A line is provided at the branch point 66 coming from the branch point 56. The pressurized fluid passes through the non-return valve 71 to the piston head side of the cylinder 52 and through the non-return valve 75 the pressurized fluid is also taken to the piston head side of the cylinder 53. The pressurized fluid also passes from the manifold 66 through the tube 77 to the rotary valve 76 of the diverter valve 70 to connect to the pressurized fluid that has passed through the check valve 75.

In the position of the rotary valve 76 shown in Fig. 8, the lateral marker cannot be lowered to the working position because the pressurized fluid remains inside the piston-side end of the cylinder b2. The non-return valve 74, like the rotary valve 76, closes the line 72 to the marker 50. As for the cylinder 53, the pressurized fluid can flow to the piston-side end of the cylinder 53 along two different paths, i.e. 66-75-73 or 66-77-73, as described above. However, the flow from the piston end of the cylinder can only take place through the pipe 77 of the rotary valve 76. To pull the lateral marker 51 from the working position to the rest position through the diverter valve 70, a pressure of p is required. When this pressure is released, ground gravity pulls the marker arm 51 out and compresses the piston cylinder 53, dan 66, line 65, branch 56 and line 54 and ... back to the towing vehicle.

As indicated above, the pressurized fluid supplied to the line 54 and the branch point 56 also acts on the lifting cylinders 6 and 6 '. In order for the pistons 61 and 62 of the lifting cylinders to be pushed outwards in order to lift the machine further by lowering the wheels 3, a pressure P is required which is greater than the pressure p required to operate the markers 50, 51.

When the pressure p is applied in the situation illustrated in the figure, only the right marker 51 is affected. By applying and removing the pressure p from the hydraulic system shown, the marker 51 can be pulled up or down again by the cylinder 53 until the position. This is a great advantage when, during sowing, it is sometimes necessary to raise the marker 51 to bypass the pile, diagonal support or other obstacle and then lower it again to its working position,

When the sowing furrow is complete and the next furrow is started next to it by turning the machine, the support wheels 3 are lowered with the higher pressure P supplied to the hydraulic system. The pistons 61 and 62 then protrude outwards in order to raise the machine by means of the support wheels so that the disc-shaped rims 4 rise above the ground. This allows the entire drill to be turned completely around and a new furrow to be started using the notch made by the marker.

At the same time as the cylinders 6 and 6 'lower the wheels 3, the pressurized fluid also enters the marker 51 in the manner described above, whereby the cylinder 53 of this marker pulls it upwards so that both markers are pulled to their upper positions.

Fig. 9 shows a mechanism for activating the rotary valve 76, the function of the mechanism being as follows. At the same time as the support wheels 3 are lowered, the arm extension 81 connected to the support arm 7 moves a distance indicated in the figure by reference numeral 82, and the connecting portion 84 connected to the end of the extension moves 83 by a pin 85 at the right end of the connecting portion. for joining a sprocket 86, which step wheel is provided with four radial protrusions or stops spaced 90 ° apart. When the support wheels 3 are in their working position, the pin 85 is to the right of the stop 87 of the step wheel 86 14 86359 and when it moves to the left, the pin 85 hits the stop 87 and turns the step wheel 90 °. The distance 83 is sufficient for the pin 85 to pass the stop during the return movement of the pin when the wheels are lifted. The step wheel 86 is connected to the rotary valve 76, and when the step wheel is turned 90 °, the pipe 77 also turns 90 °. When the pipe 77 of the rotary valve 76 is in its vertical position according to Fig. 8, the markers 50 and 51 operate in the opposite way to that previously described. This change of markers thus takes place each time the drill lowers the support wheels when turning to their transport position.

The front row of disc-shaped rims 4 and the rear row of disc-shaped rims 5, as well as their support arms 17, 18, are shown in Figure 3. The support arms are mounted on the drill body by front and rear rubber connectors 19 and 20 comprising an outer square tube 69 turned 45 ° to less square. compared to tube 68, which is part of the frame or body. The outer tubes are attached to the arms 17 and 18. The elongate rubber elements 67 are mounted at the corners of the outer tube and press against the sides of the inner tube. In this way, the arms 17, 18 are fixed to the frame so that the arms are in different directions depending on the vertical load on the disc-shaped rims. The friction during installation in the longitudinal direction of the pipe is so great that it easily receives the transverse forces in this direction, which transverse forces come from the oblique Vantaa. Because the arrangement requires no lubrication or wear, it lasts a long time without any change in operation.

Figures 10 and 11 show an apparatus for positioning the material to be applied even more securely and accurately at a certain depth below the ground. Despite the various embodiments described above, which allow the machine to be tracked on ground irregularities, the working depth may still vary slightly. For example, since the sowing depth of oilseeds should be about 20 mm, it is clear that variations at such a shallow depth have a large effect on seed growth conditions. In general, it can be said that the lower the sowing depth, the more sensitive it is to fluctuations.

When making a furrow with the help of a disc-shaped Vantaa, loose soil can fall to the bottom of the furrow behind the outer part of Vantaa. This means that the seeds will be at different depths. To prevent this, the devices according to Figures 10 and 11 have a flat, round and rotating hoop 63 supported by a pin not shown in the figures and which may be similar to the disc-shaped Vantaa 4. The lower part of the support Vantaa 63 rotates at the bottom of the groove immediately on the disc-shaped Vantaa edge. next to. The support pan is in an oblique position away from the disc-shaped Vantaa, whereby its bottom edge is adjacent to the left edge 64 of the furrow as seen in the figure. Loose soil 65 cannot thus fall down into the furrow until the seed has reached its bottom.

Figure 11 shows the device from one side. The support bracket 63 is here placed behind the disc-shaped Vantaa 4, viewed in the direction of travel, which direction of travel is indicated by an arrow. The lower edges of the disc-shaped Vantaa 4 and the support vane 63 are at the same depth. By moving the support bracket 63 slightly backwards, behind the central part 44 of the disc-shaped Vantaa, a space large enough is provided for the dosing tube 45, which is located below the center of the disc-shaped Vantaa 4. In this way, the material, for example the seed, can fall freely downwards without disturbance up to the bottom of the furrow.

Claims (6)

16 86359 1. Apparatus for agricultural spreading machines, such as seed drills, solid or liquid fertilizers or the like, without first cultivating the land by plowing, hoeing or the like, which includes a frame, support wheels (3, 34) which turn downwards and upwards by means of a power device, spreading straps with spreading lugs at the lower rear ends of the rim arms (17, 18), and rubber-elastic connector elements (19, 20) articulated to the upper front frame of the rim arms (17, 18) by a limited vertical to enable a pivoting movement (31, 32), characterized in that each hoop comprises a disc hub (4, 5) which makes a groove or groove (25, 26) and which disc hoop is rotatably arranged on a single hoop arm (17, 18) substantially in the direction of travel that the straps (4, 5) are evenly distributed in the front row (4) and the rear row (5), and which the rows in the two rows are arranged laterally with respect to each other so as to provide evenly spaced grooves (25, 26), that each support wheel (3, 34) is arranged to control the working depth (21) of the rim pair (4, 5) by an adjusting device, and the adjusting device comprises a co-operating device connecting one support wheel (3, 34) to one pair of rims, namely to one rim (4) in the front row and to an associated rim (5) in the rear row. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises a coupling member having rods (13, 14, 38, 42) articulated at their ends to the rim arms (17, 18) and support wheel arms (8), the two arms being directly articulated to the end of the rod while the other arms are connected to the ends of the rod by leveling arms (11, 12, 40) at three articulation points (9, 17 86359 10, 11; 16, 39, 41), one articulation point (9; 16) of which is connected to the arm while two other articulation points (11, 12; 39, 41) articulate the ends of two different rods (13, 14; 38, 42). Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the distances between the three articulation points (9, 10, 11; 16, 39, 41) of the compensating arms (11, 12, 40) are different. Device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the three articulation points of the compensating arms are arranged at the corners of the triangle. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support wheels are arranged in a lateral direction at different points with respect to the spreading cams and the grooves (25, 26) thus made in order to compress the grooves together with the desired weight of the wheel against the ground. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the support wheels have two circumferential flanges (29), which are most preferably arranged at the same distance from each other as the distance between the grooves (25, 26). 86359 BC