FI84447B - Process for making wooden board, plank or the like - Google Patents

Description

1 84447

Method of making a wooden board, plank or the like - Förfarande för tillverkning av träbräde, planka eller liknande 5

The invention relates to a method of making a wooden board, plank or the like in which at least one sheet remains exposed in the end use, the opposite sheet is hidden and the edges are mainly connected to each other or to other structures, in which the bars sawn from the supports are glued from some of their side surfaces to a glued surface. in the perpendicular direction corresponds to the width of the final board or plank, after which slices of this stack are sawn in its thickness direction into final boards and / or board blanks.

Floorboards, planks or other relatively solid wood elements have traditionally been made by planing from suitably sized sawn timber blanks. In this case, the timber must be of quite good quality as a whole and, in addition, it must have fairly large machining resources in order for the final board to have a perfect surface and the correct dimensions. This causes quite large losses, especially when calculating the intake up to the subsidies, with the proportion of primary product being only part of the volume of the original logs. Nevertheless, there are often defects in the final board and plank that cause either additional work or the product to be unusable for its original purpose. Such defects are the frequent defects in shape of the ends of the board which are initially caused by deformations during drying. Since in the final board the direction of fall is often at least approximately parallel to the surface of the board, this causes, for example, in the finished floor, depending on the seasons, either the formation of cracks or the bursting of tongues. This is due to the fact that the variation in humidity causes about a twofold dimensional change in the tan-35 Gent direction of the wood chip compared to the radial change. The change in humidity also causes the board to curl or concave, depending on the humidity. In addition, there may be chipping of the chips at the edges or drying of the wood.

2 84447 These problems, for example in floorboards, have led to an increase in the popularity of various parquets, such as plank parquets, because they are considerably less sensitive to variations in humidity and temperature as a cross-glued structure.

5 As only the surface layer of the parquet has to be of impeccable wood, it is possible to use goods with a weaker appearance elsewhere in the structure, so the price has been considered reasonable despite the more complex manufacturing technique. In addition, it is known to try to prevent the board or the corresponding parquet elements from warping under the influence of moisture by using various stiffening elements or grooves. These apparently solve the problem of warping, but do not, for example, loosen the chip or the low efficiency of wood use.

15

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for obtaining a product which substantially resembles a conventional board or plank and has a similar shape, in which at least one and generally exposed surface is defective. It is a further object of the invention 20 to provide a board-like product of the type described above which does not tend to loosen and is harder than a conventional board and lives as little as possible in the direction of the exposed surface, i.e. the interconnected edges of the boards live as little as possible. the surface remains as intact and even as possible as the humidity varies. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method which makes it possible to use raw materials which have not traditionally been suitable for such a purpose and thus to improve the efficiency of the use of wood.

By means of the method according to the invention, a decisive improvement in the above-mentioned drawbacks is achieved and the objectives defined above are achieved. To achieve this, the method according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

3,84447

The main advantage of the invention can be considered that the product is substantially similar to a conventional board in the application and that its deformations are remarkably small due to moisture fluctuations, so that e.g. Another advantage of the invention is that the method allows for a cheap raw material and is in itself so simple that the final product is advantageous over traditional competing products.

10

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of logs and sawn-free surface boards.

Figure 2 shows a stack according to the invention, from which board blanks are sawn according to the invention.

Figure 3 shows two boards obtained from a board blank according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows the log 1 in cross section. With dashed lines 2a, b; 3a, b; 4a, b; 5a, b show the sawing-25 levels along which the surface boards 6-9 are sawn from the surface wood of the log 1. Normally, these surface boards 6-9 are only suitable for secondary use because they are at least partially incomplete as shown in Figure 1. According to the invention, a stack 11 as shown in Fig. 2 is glued from these surface boards. In this case 30, the stack 11 consists of five surface boards, i.

of boards 6-10 glued to each other with the flaps 12 facing each other and the edges 13 of the surface boards 13 in the thickness direction P of the stack approximately aligned. The thickness direction P of the stack is thus perpendicular to the flaps 12 6 to 10 of the surface boards 35 used as starting material. Depending on the product of the task, the flaps 12 of the surface boards can be either sawn surfaces or planed. As the adhesive, any commercially available adhesive suitable for the purpose can be used, which can be colorless or, if desired, also colored according to the intended appearance.

After the glue has dried, this stack 11 is sawn in its thickness direction 5 along lines 14-18 along evenly thick slices 19.

The sawing planes 14-18 are at least approximately perpendicular to the flaps 12 of the surface boards. These obtained slices 19 can already be used as such as a board or plank according to its dimensions, but typically these boards or boards 19a-d are board blanks from which the actual final product is planed as shown in Fig. 3. Since the longitudinal direction of the surface boards 6-10 corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the original tree trunk and since the surface boards are glued parallel to the stack 11, from which the slices 19 are sawn longitudinally-15, the fall direction of the wood, i.e. the trunk length, remains the same as the final product.

Figure 3 shows two board blanks 19c and 19d, which are planed into a tongue-and-groove floorboard. As shown in Fig. 20, the cartilage at each point is at least approximately perpendicular to the top surface 20 of the cartilage, the tangent of the cartilage and the normal of the surface 20 forming an angle α of at most about 30 °. Thus, the width direction L of the board 19 is the same as the thickness direction P of the stack and thus approximately the same as the direction of the original frame radius R, with moisture changing the width of the board as wood in the original frame radius, which change was much smaller than the tangent. The result is a board that lives considerably less in its width direction 30 L than a conventional board. Due to the effect of moisture, the largest dimensional change occurs in the thickness direction S of the final board 19, but since this dimension S in the finished floor, for example, is perpendicular to the floor surface, the dimensional change in this direction has no effect 35 and is not even observed in practice.

The middle slices 19b and 19c of the stack 11 can be planed into a board in any direction, but the boards 19a and 19d taken from the sides of the stack 11 are planed into boards so that the exposed side, i.e. the upper surface 20 of the board, is planed from the side indicating the center area of the stack. towards. In this case, it is not necessary to care that the original surface-5 boards 6-10 have been partially edged, because the deficiencies 21 remain invisible on the underside side 22 of the board. Normally, this invisibility is already ensured at the factory when planing the board, because the male tongue 23 and the female tongue 24, respectively, are usually located asymmetrically in the thickness direction S of the board 10, whereby the boards automatically come in the right direction.

The surface board used as a raw material is typically 19x100, 22x100 or 25x100 mm in size and is dried to a relatively low final moisture content before gluing to stack 11. Stack 11 typically has 3-10 superimposed surface boards on top of each other, depending on the final desired width of the board. the thickness P is greater by the planing margin than the desired width L of the finished board 19. It is not expedient to make the surface boards 20 very thin, e.g. veneers or the like and large in number, because it increases costs and then the appearance of the final board surface 20 no longer resembles a traditional single wood existing board. The number of boards 19 or boards-25 blanks 19 obtained from the stack 11, on the other hand, depends on the width W of the surface boards 6-10 and the thickness S of the final boards, but is most often between 3-7, although it may deviate from this.

30 In order to achieve the intended result in order to avoid dimensional changes and to prevent chipping of the chips, the chips in each board entering the stack, i.e. the annual rings 25, may form an angle of at most about 45 ° with the flaps 12 of the board 6-10, which means that in the final board 19 the chips 25 are at an angle of about 45 ° or less to the normal surface of the board 20. However, it is preferred that this angle α be only 30 ° or less, with the grooves being substantially perpendicular to surface 8,84447. In this case, only one surface board can be taken from each side of the smaller logs, as shown in Fig. 1, while when the log is considerably more robust to the dimensions of the surface boards, two or more surface boards can be taken from each of the four sides when viewed in cross section.

The above-mentioned chip direction has another significant advantage over the traditional board. When the chips 25 are perpendicular to the blade 20 of the final board 19, the summer tree and the spring tree alternate on the surface at intervals of about 1-2 mm. In this case, the effective surface hardness is determined by the summer wood, the hardness of which is about twice that of the spring wood, because the narrow spring trees cannot be worn substantially from the surface level. In a traditional board, where the planks are substantially parallel to the surface, the widths of the spring wood strips can be as high as 10 cm, which means that the board wears quickly and wavy due to differences in hardness. The board 19 according to the invention thus has a good overall surface finish and the board wears slowly and evenly.

From the point of view of appearance, it is generally advantageous to stack the surface boards 6-10 flaps facing each other in the stack 11, so that e.g. the surface-wood side panels always alternate in opposite directions in the following 25 surface boards, i.e. boards 6 and 7 are heartwood-side panels facing each other, boards 7 and 8 surface wood side flaps facing each other, etc. This alternation may have a slight significance in that the final board 19 is as symmetrical as possible in the width direction-30 to L, whereby the tendency to twist is reduced.

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing a saturated wooden board (19), plank or the like, at least of which one side (20) is left in final use, the opposite face (15) being hidden and edges being substantially joined to each other or to others. structures, in which process the timber-spaced bars are glued through some of its lateral surfaces to a pile whose thickness (P) in the direction perpendicular to the glued surfaces corresponds to the width (L) of the final board or plank, after which stacks in its thickness direction are said boards (19a-d) for final boards and / or board semi-finished, characterized in that as rods stacked to said stack (11) are used mainly only surface boards (6-10) received from timers. surface portion, that these surface boards are glued in stack with each other in each case through sinew flat faces (12), and that said cutting plane (14-18) is at least nearly perpendicular to the flat surfaces (12) of the surface boards. cause the fk rings of the boards to reach a sufficient angle in relation to the flat side 30 (20) left in front of the final board (19) or the like. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are 3-10 pieces, advantageously about 5 pieces, of said surface boards (6-10) glued to one another substantially over the entire area of their flat surfaces, and that the surface boards (6-10) are to their length either agreeing with the length of the final board or similarly extended before stacking. 9 84447 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said surface boards (6-10) are stacked such that the flat faces of the successive surface boards are directed towards the surface boards, substantially alternating in opposite directions. 5 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that only such surface boards (6-10) are laid in the pile (11), which have been cut out of the timber such that in each individual case the Arsriner (25) of the wood forms an angle a, which is at most about 45 ° and preferably below about 30 ° in relation to the flat side (12) of the surface board and also to the normal to the flat side (20) of the final board (19) or the like. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surface boards (6-10) to be stacked are only the flat surfaces (12) which would be glued prepared as Saw and / or planed surfaces.