FI84239B - FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV ETT KONSTGJORT, OREGELBUNDET BILDAT KORVSKINN AV KOLLAGEN GENOM STRAENGSPRUTNING OCH ANORDNING FOER UTFOERANDE AV FOERFARANDET. - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A process for the production of an artificial, irregularly shaped sausage casing of collagen by extrusion of a kneadable and formable collagen fibre mass from chemically and physically opened-up split hide by means of extrusion having a tubular die consisting of an inner die member having a stationary core and jacket and an outer die member being place before the outlet end of the inner die, said outer die having counterrotating core and jacket, characterized in that the bore of the outer die member (10) is displaced opposite the middle of the bore of the stationary die member (7) thereby maintaining the same diameter as the bore of the stationary inner die member in order to obtain a corkscrew-shaped helix of the longitudinal axis of the sausage casing around an imaginary midline and that an intermittent mass flow, i.e., different with respect to time, is extruded in order to obtain different diameters in the longitudinal direction of the sausage casing.

Description

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The invention relates to a method for producing an irregularly formed artificial collagen sausage casing and to an apparatus for carrying out the method. In particular, the invention relates to a method for producing a collagen artificial sausage casing 10 having a corkscrew with a corkscrew on its longitudinal axis about its central axis and / or a longitudinally variable diameter in connection with the straight shape of the casing itself.

Several substitutes for 15 animal casings have already been proposed for use as sausage casings. Artificial sausage casings are known from paper, parchment or nettle cloth, chemically and mechanically modified natural materials such as cellulose, alginate, soy protein or collagen, and thermoplastic active materials such as polyvinylidene chloride or polyamide.

Generally, all of these artificial sausage casings consist of straight hoses that are cut to make sausages, but there are also special shapes that mimic the shapes of all possible animal organs that have long been used as natural sausage casings, e.g., ileum, ileum, colon, rectum, rectum, and bladders. Such members, which are used as natural sausage casings, usually have an irregular shape, i.e. they differ more or less strongly from the shape of a straight cylinder. Deviations can, as e.g. pig's large intestine, so-called. Siansykkyrässä formed in the intestine as such directly in the form of a variable diameter along the length of the bowel, i.e., 35. Larger diameter portions vary small with 2 84 239 ORE diameter portions. Usually, these special shapes are made by sewing flat-sized large-caliber hoses. The shape thus obtained generally resembles only to some extent the original shape.

Of the few attempts to machine such special forms continuously, there is the longest known form of collagen ring casing, which is extruded in the form of an endless coil and dried. Sometimes artificial ring casings are also made from polyamide and polyvinylidene chloride. When stuffed with sausage pulp, at least the artificial collagen ring casings are hardly distinguishable from the natural pig ring casings.

DE-A-670 552 describes a sausage casing having a corkscrew-like screw-like longitudinal axis about a central axis. However, the consistency between the sausage casing and the corkscrew spiral is only of a formal quality, since in the casings the diameter of the spiral is many times that of the sausage casing, namely 3 to 5 times.

DE 686 766 describes a process for preparing sausage casings from regenerated cellulose. The method described can be used to make sausage casings in the form of pears or blisters. In this case, there is only one bulge and one constriction in the hose along the entire length of the maca-25.

DE-A-671 490 describes an apparatus for the production of tubular products which can be used, in particular as artificial sausage casings, by pressing pulps obtained from animal or vegetable starting materials, in particular pulps of animal origin, through a ring nozzle. The core of the ring nozzle and the outer ring rotate at opposite outlets in opposite directions with respect to each other. By means of this apparatus, as it passes through the fixed part 35 of the nozzle, the oriented fibers are in cross-positions with respect to each other as they pass through such a movable outer ring and a core rotating in the opposite direction. This results in a hose with high strength.

It is an object of the present invention, in contrast to the prior art described above, to provide a mechanically and continuously manufacturable artificial collagen sausage casing which differs from the regular cylindrical shape. Such a crust would be very suitable for the production of uncooked sausage and smoked blood sausage due to its gas and water vapor permeability and fat content, but it can also be used for the production of cooked sausage, e.g. liver sausage.

This object is solved by a method as defined in claim 1 and by an apparatus as defined in claim 8 for performing the method.

The distance of the longitudinal axis of the collagen sausage casing from the imaginary central axis, i.e. the screw height, can be from zero to at most one-fifth of its average diameter and is preferably approximately one-sixth and especially one-seventh of the diameter. The increase in helicity then corresponds to an average diameter of 0.5 to 3 times and preferably 1 to 2 times.

25 The increase or decrease in diameter may be from zero to no more than a quarter of the average diameter. Preferably, the increase or decrease in diameter is between one-eighth and one-fourth of the diameter. Very preferably, the increase or decrease is one-sixth of its average diameter. The variation in diameter in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the sausage casing is preferably periodic, the period of diameter variation being between 0.5 and 3 times, preferably single and double, the average diameter of the collagen tube.

An embodiment is particularly preferred in which both properties, on the one hand the screw-like longitudinal axis of the corkscrew about the imaginary central axis and on the other hand the longitudinally varying diameter, appear stronger or weaker.

5 It is neither necessary nor desirable for the corkscrew-like helicity and the variation of the diameter in the direction of the longitudinal axis to be repeated in the same period. Rather, there is a preferred sausage casing that does have both of these properties, but they are in a different section. 10 Thus, a sausage casing is obtained which has a more random, irregular pattern of curvatures and diameter variations which mimics a genuine pig's pulsation in appearance.

The average diameter of the mandrel shell produced by the method according to the invention can vary within a certain range and is e.g. 36 to 75 mm, preferably 40 to 65 mm and in particular 47 to 55 mm. The average wall thickness of the shell is 40 to 100, preferably 55 to 85 and especially 60 to 75.

The invention relates to a process for the production of an artificial, irregularly formed collagen sausage casing by extruding a pulverulent and moldable collagen-fiber pulp consisting of chemically and physically degraded bovine husk from a core press and a core with a ring and an outer nozzle portion disposed at the outlet end having a core and jacket rotating relative to each other, characterized in that method 30 is characterized by a borehole of the outer nozzle portion having a diameter equal to displaced with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bore 35 of the fixed nozzle part, and / or in the longitudinal direction of the sausage casing over time of different diameters In order to obtain this, a different mass flow is extruded in pulses, i.e. from time to time. In the case of a strong outlet of the pulp, a larger and in the case of a weak outlet, a smaller hose cross-5 is produced.

According to the invention, the pulp used for extrusion typically has a pH of 2.5 to 3.2, preferably 2.7 to 2.9, and a dry matter content of 5.5 to 15%, preferably 8 to 11%. The molding composition may optionally contain excipients such as, for example, cellulose powder to improve tear strength, glycerol, sorbitol and / or propylene glycol as a plasticizer and formaldehyde, glyoxal and / or glutaraldehyde as a curing agent.

The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method 15, which apparatus is an extruder having an annular nozzle consisting of an inner nozzle portion with a stationary core and jacket and an outer nozzle portion with a core and jacket rotating opposite each other, placed in front of the outlet end. 20 characterized in that the bore of the outer nozzle portion having a diameter equal to that of the bore of the fixed inner nozzle portion is displaced relative to the central axis of the bore of the fixed nozzle portion. Preferably, the bore of the outer nozzle portion is displaced from the inner mouth-25; a fraction of the tin nozzle gap. The desired corkscrew shape is obtained so that the nozzle jacket (sleeve) rotates at the desired frequency determined by the extrusion speed. To apply the pulp (to direct the fibers transversely to the current), the nozzle core rotates at a substantially higher speed (e.g., 2 to 4 times the speed), preferably in the opposite direction.

Conveniently, the actuators for the jacket and the core are disconnected from each other, and preferably there are completely separate actuators for both, in order to achieve, on the one hand, the application of pulp during extrusion and, on the other hand, the desired helical shape with the optimum speed.

In order to obtain an appearance as close as possible to the natural pattern, the periodic variations in the rise of the caliber and the helicity 5 do not go synchronously, but interfer with each other in a more random manner. For this purpose, speed controls for the mass feed pump and for the rotation of the eccentric nozzle ring are designed to be varied, preferably via a microprocessor with a random generator, within appropriate limits.

Example

With a single-cylinder piston pump with a 24 mm bore and a 14.5 mm stroke, 165 strokes per minute were fed to a mass of 8% collagen desiccant into a twin-screw extruder. Here was a 39 mm diameter core and a 40.7 mm diameter bore in the sleeve. The eccentricity of the borehole was 0.35 mm. The core rotates at 190 rpm and the core in the opposite direction at 110 rpm, with the core and core rotating about a common axis.

Sufficient air was blown into the extruded hose through the central bore of the extruder to produce an average diameter of 40 mm. The shell was drawn from the nozzles at about 10 m / min and dried in the usual manner, heat-cured and softened.

After filling the unheated sausages with filling, the sausage had an irregular shape according to Figure 1.

The invention will be described in more detail with the aid of the following drawings:

Figure 1 shows a side view of a shell (not to scale) filled with sausage mass according to the invention, which was prepared according to an example. The closed 35 line 1 shows the outline of the filled irregular shell 7 84239 and ·

An analysis of the shape of the shell according to the invention shown in Figure 2 shows that the helicity around the longitudinal axis of the sausage, illustrated by dashed lines 2 and 5 3, and the increase and decrease in diameter, illustrated by thin dashed lines 4 at minimum diameters and maxima by arrows 5, overlap. The frequency of increase is 1.5 times the frequency of screwing. The increase or decrease in diameter is in each case one-eighth, the eccentricity of the screw-like is about one-seventh of the diameter.

Figure 3 shows a side view of the shell formed during the pulse-free feeding of the pulp solely due to the screw-like nature.

Figure 4 shows a side view of a shell formed without any helicity, solely due to the pulsed feeding of the pulp.

Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of an extruder modified according to the invention.

Fig. 6 shows the device from the side, showing a part in section from the height of the screw wheel drive.

The core 6 forms a fixed nozzle with the annular part 7, having a slot of equal average width on all sides and fixedly fixed in the housing 8. A rotating annular nozzle is placed in front of this fixed nozzle, and in particular so that the core 9, through which a hole is preferably drilled for blowing air through the extruded hose, forms a rectilinear extension of the core 6. In the same way, a rotatable annular part 10 is also placed in front of the annular part 7 in such a dimension that its borehole is arranged displaced from the center by a fraction of the gap width of the fixed nozzle part. Otherwise, this bore has the same diameter as the diameter of the fixed 35 nozzle ring.

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The rotation of the core 9 takes place via the extension 11 via the helix 12 and the screw wheel 13. Likewise, the nozzle ring 10 is actuated by means of a helix 14 and a screw wheel rim 15. A suitable support-5a of the nozzle ring 10 is not shown - e.g. the housing cover 16 is ensured to rotate about the main axis of the extruder. The propellers 12 and 14 are operated independently of each other and in opposite directions.

The collagen mass passes through a plurality of tubes 17 distributed around the circumference of the housing 8 into the annular space 18 and passes through the gap between the fixed nozzle portions 6 and 7 and then enters the gap between the rotating, eccentrically drilled annular portion 10. Here, the velocity of the mass slows down slightly on the side of the narrower nozzle gap 19 compared to the wider portion 20 of the gap opposite to 15. As a result, the hose is curved on the narrower side 19 side. Due to the continuous rotation and the pulling out of the extruder in the axial direction, a screw-like screw-like shape of the hose is formed.

Claims (11)

A method of producing an artificial, irregularly formed sausage skin of collagen by extruding a kneadable and moldable collagen fiber stock consisting of chemically and physically supported split leather of bovine animals by means of an extruder with a ring nozzle comprising an inner nozzle consisting of an inner nozzle a stationary core and sheath, and an outer nozzle portion arranged above this at the exit end, which contains a core and sheath which rotate in the opposite direction relative to each other, characterized in that for providing a corkscrew screw-like screw longitudinal axis about an imaginary center axis 15, the bore heel of the outer nozzle portion (10) having a diameter equal to that of the fixed inner nozzle portion is displaced relative to the longitudinal axis of the bore heel of the fixed nozzle portion (7) and / or to provide different diameters the longitudinal direction of the sausage skin is extruded t pulsed or occasionally different mass flow. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the enlargement or reduction of the diameter of the sausage skin is between zero and a quarter of the average diameter. 25 3. A method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the distance to the longitudinal axis of the sausage skin from the intended center axis is between zero and a maximum of one fifth of its average diameter, preferably between 2 mm and 5 mm. 30 4. A method according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the pitch of the helix corresponds to about a 0.5 to 3-fold, preferably 1-2-fold average diameter. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sites of a larger diameter and a smaller diameter follow each other in the axial direction periodically. 6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the period for the shifting of the diameter along the longitudinal axis is in the range of 0.5 to 3 times in relation to the average diameter of the collagen hose, preferably 1-2 times said diameter. 7. A method according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the enlargement and reduction of the diameters as well as the corkscrew-like screw shape of the longitudinal axis around the intended central axis alternate for different periods. 8. Apparatus for carrying out the method, which device is an extruder with a ring nozzle consisting of an inner nozzle part containing a stylus-bearing core (6) and sheath (7), and an outer nozzle part arranged in front of this exit end. contains a core (9) and sheath (10) which rotate in the opposite direction relative to each other, characterized in that the bore heel of the outer nozzle part (10), which is of the same diameter as the fixed inner nozzle. the drill heel of the piece part, displaced relative to the center axis of the drill heel of the fixed nozzle part (7). 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that different drive devices are provided for the sleeve of the extruder and for its core. 10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the speed control of the mass feed pump and rotation of the eccentric nozzle part can be controlled by a random generator. 11. Device according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a pulsating mass flow producing input device, preferably a single-cylinder piston pump, is connected before the extrusion machine.