FI68274C - Anordning och foerfarande foer delignifiering av massa av medelkonsistens med hjaelp av syre - Google Patents
Anordning och foerfarande foer delignifiering av massa av medelkonsistens med hjaelp av syre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI68274C FI68274C FI803722A FI803722A FI68274C FI 68274 C FI68274 C FI 68274C FI 803722 A FI803722 A FI 803722A FI 803722 A FI803722 A FI 803722A FI 68274 C FI68274 C FI 68274C
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- reaction zone
- reaction
- oxygen
- lignin
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061408 Eugenia caryophyllata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013055 pulp slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/114—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
- B01F27/1143—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections screw-shaped, e.g. worms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1068—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with O2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/099,684 US4363697A (en) | 1979-12-03 | 1979-12-03 | Method for medium consistency oxygen delignification of pulp |
| US9968479 | 1979-12-03 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI803722L FI803722L (fi) | 1981-06-04 |
| FI68274B FI68274B (fi) | 1985-04-30 |
| FI68274C true FI68274C (fi) | 1985-08-12 |
Family
ID=22276137
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI803722A FI68274C (fi) | 1979-12-03 | 1980-12-01 | Anordning och foerfarande foer delignifiering av massa av medelkonsistens med hjaelp av syre |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4363697A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0030158B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS5691094A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE3656T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU537466B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8007893A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1167205A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3063633D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES8200158A1 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI68274C (de) |
Families Citing this family (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA816105B (en) * | 1980-09-05 | 1982-09-29 | Black Clawson Co | Process and apparatus for the delignification of pulp |
| US4699691A (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1987-10-13 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Thermomechanical digestion process |
| ZA821923B (en) * | 1981-04-06 | 1983-02-23 | Black Clawson Co | Method and apparatus for oxygen delignification |
| BR8109040A (pt) * | 1981-09-04 | 1983-09-06 | Weyerhaeuser Co | Tratamento de polpa com oxigenio |
| US4431480A (en) * | 1981-10-27 | 1984-02-14 | The Black Clawson Company | Method and apparatus for controlled addition of alkaline chemicals to an oxygen delignification reaction |
| JPS5940399U (ja) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-15 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | パルプ脱リグニン装置 |
| ZA837927B (en) * | 1983-05-23 | 1985-01-30 | Process Evaluation Devel | Thermomechanical digestion process using bleachants |
| JPH0768675B2 (ja) * | 1986-10-13 | 1995-07-26 | 新王子製紙株式会社 | セルロ−スパルプの酸素による脱リグニン、漂白方法 |
| US4978426A (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1990-12-18 | Westvaco Corporation | Production of high strength linerboard with oxygen and alkali |
| FR2620744A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-17 | 1989-03-24 | Degremont | Procede de traitement par l'ozone de materiaux ligno-cellulosiques, notamment de pates a papier et reacteur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| JPH0672386B2 (ja) * | 1988-04-26 | 1994-09-14 | 新王子製紙株式会社 | セルロースパルプの酸素による脱リグニン、漂白方法 |
| US5217574A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1993-06-08 | Union Camp Patent Holdings Inc. | Process for oxygen delignifying high consistency pulp by removing and recycling pressate from alkaline pulp |
| US5211811A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1993-05-18 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Process for high consistency oxygen delignification of alkaline treated pulp followed by ozone delignification |
| US5409570A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1995-04-25 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Process for ozone bleaching of oxygen delignified pulp while conveying the pulp through a reaction zone |
| US5188708A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1993-02-23 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Process for high consistency oxygen delignification followed by ozone relignification |
| US5085734A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1992-02-04 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Methods of high consistency oxygen delignification using a low consistency alkali pretreatment |
| US5472572A (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1995-12-05 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Reactor for bleaching high consistency pulp with ozone |
| US5525195A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1996-06-11 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Process for high consistency delignification using a low consistency alkali pretreatment |
| US5181989A (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1993-01-26 | Union Camp Patent Holdings, Inc. | Reactor for bleaching high consistency pulp with ozone |
| US5173153A (en) * | 1991-01-03 | 1992-12-22 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Process for enhanced oxygen delignification using high consistency and a split alkali addition |
| AT395180B (de) * | 1989-08-16 | 1992-10-12 | Andritz Ag Maschf | Verfahren zur zerkleinerung von materialien und anlage zu dessen durchfuehrung |
| US5164043A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1992-11-17 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Environmentally improved process for bleaching lignocellulosic materials with ozone |
| US5164044A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1992-11-17 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Environmentally improved process for bleaching lignocellulosic materials with ozone |
| US5441603A (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1995-08-15 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Method for chelation of pulp prior to ozone delignification |
| US5174861A (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1992-12-29 | Union Camp Patent Holdings, Inc. | Method of bleaching high consistency pulp with ozone |
| US5520783A (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1996-05-28 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Apparatus for bleaching high consistency pulp with ozone |
| AR245799A1 (es) * | 1990-10-26 | 1994-02-28 | Union Camp Patent Holding | Reactor y metodo para el blanqueo de pasta. |
| CA2046717A1 (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 1992-08-07 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating fibrous materials with a gaseous reagent |
| US5213661A (en) * | 1991-05-21 | 1993-05-25 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Oxygen alkali detackification in secondary fiber recovery |
| US5211809A (en) * | 1991-05-21 | 1993-05-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc,. | Dye removal in oxygen color stripping of secondary fibers |
| FI922279L (fi) * | 1991-05-24 | 1992-11-25 | Union Camp Patent Holding | Tvaostegsreaktor foer blekning av massa |
| US5178502A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1993-01-12 | Huck International, Inc. | High strength blind bolt |
| US5460696A (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1995-10-24 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Oxygen delignification method incorporating wood pulp mixing apparatus |
| US5554259A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1996-09-10 | Union Camp Patent Holdings, Inc. | Reduction of salt scale precipitation by control of process stream Ph and salt concentration |
| ATE214113T1 (de) * | 1995-12-07 | 2002-03-15 | Beloit Technologies Inc | Delignifizierung von mittelkonsistenz-zellstoff mittels sauerstoff |
| JPH08325970A (ja) * | 1996-06-24 | 1996-12-10 | New Oji Paper Co Ltd | セルロースパルプの酸素による脱リグニン、漂白方法 |
| DE19639110C2 (de) * | 1996-09-24 | 1999-10-21 | Voith Sulzer Stoffaufbereitung | Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Weißgrades von Papierfaserstoff |
| SE522593C2 (sv) * | 1999-07-06 | 2004-02-24 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | System och förfarande för syragasdelignifiering av massa av lignocellulosahaltigt material |
| GB0119237D0 (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2001-10-03 | Bioregional Minimills Uk Ltd | Paper plant |
| US20060201641A1 (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2006-09-14 | Bioregional Minimills (Uk) Limited | Methods for producing pulp and treating black liquor |
| JP2003119679A (ja) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-04-23 | Aikawa Iron Works Co Ltd | パルプ加熱装置 |
| SE0403202L (sv) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-10-25 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Metod för syrgasdelignifiering av cellulosamassa med inmixning av kemikalier vid högt tryck |
| WO2007109544A2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Parkson Corporation | Method and apparatus for washing sand |
| TW201544652A (zh) | 2014-05-20 | 2015-12-01 | Georgia Pacific Consumer Prod | 非木材纖維之漂白及植物性雜質減量方法 |
| TW201610261A (zh) * | 2014-05-20 | 2016-03-16 | 喬治亞太平洋消費者產品公司 | 非木材纖維之漂白及植物性雜質減量方法 |
| TW201610265A (zh) | 2014-05-20 | 2016-03-16 | 喬治亞太平洋消費者產品公司 | 非木材纖維之漂白及植物性雜質減量方法 |
| GB202103185D0 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-04-21 | Trifilon Ab | Reaction chamber, processing system and processsing method |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE380224A (de) * | 1922-03-13 | |||
| US2953202A (en) * | 1955-07-15 | 1960-09-20 | Pandia Inc | Continuous digester |
| GB818828A (en) | 1956-07-10 | 1959-08-26 | Scott Paper Co | Process for bleaching cellulosic pulp |
| BE630337A (de) * | 1962-03-30 | |||
| CA918978A (en) * | 1970-01-08 | 1973-01-16 | G. Jamieson Allan | Oxygen bleaching |
| CA929711A (en) * | 1971-03-08 | 1973-07-10 | O. Samuelson Hans | Treating cellulosic materials with alkali and oxygen |
| SE379069B (de) * | 1973-08-27 | 1975-09-22 | Kamyr Ab | |
| US3966542A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-06-29 | General Signal Corporation | Multi-stage bleaching of pulp using successively lower power levels |
| FR2319737A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-02-25 | Creusot Loire | Procede et machine de fabrication de pate a papier |
| JPS5331964A (en) * | 1976-09-06 | 1978-03-25 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Production of semiconductor substrates |
| US4198266A (en) | 1977-10-12 | 1980-04-15 | Airco, Inc. | Oxygen delignification of wood pulp |
| US4259150A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1981-03-31 | Kamyr Inc. | Plural stage mixing and thickening oxygen bleaching process |
| US4248662A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1981-02-03 | The Black Clawson Company | Oxygen pulping with recycled liquor |
-
1979
- 1979-12-03 US US06/099,684 patent/US4363697A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-11-25 CA CA000365411A patent/CA1167205A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-25 AU AU64694/80A patent/AU537466B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-12-01 FI FI803722A patent/FI68274C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-02 DE DE8080304340T patent/DE3063633D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-12-02 AT AT80304340T patent/ATE3656T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-02 EP EP80304340A patent/EP0030158B1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-12-02 BR BR8007893A patent/BR8007893A/pt unknown
- 1980-12-02 ES ES497355A patent/ES8200158A1/es not_active Expired
- 1980-12-03 JP JP17080280A patent/JPS5691094A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3063633D1 (en) | 1983-07-07 |
| AU537466B2 (en) | 1984-06-28 |
| EP0030158B1 (de) | 1983-06-01 |
| BR8007893A (pt) | 1981-06-16 |
| ES497355A0 (es) | 1981-10-16 |
| ES8200158A1 (es) | 1981-10-16 |
| US4363697A (en) | 1982-12-14 |
| FI68274B (fi) | 1985-04-30 |
| FI803722L (fi) | 1981-06-04 |
| CA1167205A (en) | 1984-05-15 |
| EP0030158A1 (de) | 1981-06-10 |
| AU6469480A (en) | 1981-06-11 |
| ATE3656T1 (de) | 1983-06-15 |
| JPS5691094A (en) | 1981-07-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM | Patent lapsed |
Owner name: THE BLACK CLAWSON CO |