FI60276C - VAEGGKONSTRUKTION SOM BILDAS AV PAO VARANDRA PLACERADE RADER AV IHAOLIGA ELEMENT OCH FOERFARANDE FOER BILDANDE AV EN VAEGGKONSTRUKTION - Google Patents

Description

RSFH [B] (11) NOTICE OF PUBLICATION () 27 6

Ma l J '' utlAggningsskrift • jijPCik (45): r. u r. t · · i: -uat <51, MW E 04 C 1/10 // E »l 2/54 FINLAND —FINLAND (21) Ptt« ttlhtk * mu «- Ptuntmelcnlng ΤΤ26θ6 (22) Htk« ml * ptlvl - AmBknlngadag 01.09.77 ^ ^ (23) The beginning of the cloud - Glltighatadag 01.09.77 (41) Tullut | ulklMlul - Bllvlt offwitllg 03.03.78

Patent and registration holders Nihuviiuiptnoo μ heard ™ date. - ‘o8’ a.

Patent- oeh registerstyrelsan 'Amekt »utitgd och uti. * Kriften pubiktrad J · (32) (33) (31) PyHstty« toikeus —Begird prlorittt 02.09.76 l6.ll.76, 01.03.77 Belgium-Belgium (BE) PV 0/170293, • pv 0/172389, PV 0/175359 (71) Hanota Holdings SA, 37, i * ue Notre-Dame, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (LU) (72) Gerard de Waele, Heldergem, Belgium-Belgium (BE ) (7M Oy Kolster Ab (5 ^) Wall structure consisting of superimposed rows of hollow elements and a method for forming a wall structure rows of hollow elements with transverse walls arranged in such a way that each row has alternately long and short hollow spaces and into which a binder, e.g. concrete, has been poured.In addition, the invention relates to a method for forming this wall structure.

The principle of stacking rows of hollow elements dry, "which elements are arranged one on top of the other, and filling such elements with concrete to complete them, has been known for years, and there are a very large number of patents for specially shaped building elements intended for use with this principle.

GB patent publication 645 022 discloses a wall structure in which the building elements used are superimposed in such a way that the transverse walls of the building elements of each floor are displaced relative to the sloping walls of the building elements of the overlapping layers. Thus, in the interconnected layers e.i. never have two transverse walls on top of each other. When a wall is formed from such building elements, vertical shafts are created, which are usually filled with concrete. The flow of concrete inside the building elements cannot be controlled and it usually takes place vertically or almost vertically. In this case, the pressure caused by the accelerating flow of concrete mass can become so high in the lower layers that the building elements can break. To avoid this, only a few layers of building elements can be filled at a time and this, of course, slows down construction. Another disadvantage of this wall structure is that air entrapments can occur which adversely affect the stability of the wall structure.

The wall structures disclosed in CH Patent Publications 263,199 and 273,890 correspond exactly to the structure described above with the same disadvantages.

DE application in the wall structure according to publication 2 30 8 949, vertical shafts are formed inside the element separated by partitions. Also in this structure, there is a disadvantage that when the binder, usually concrete, is dropped vertically inside the elements, there is a risk, depending on the height of the wall structure, that the pressure of the concrete stream in the lower layers will break or move the building element. For this reason, in this structure, the elements are masked together with mortar before the concrete is introduced, which in turn is an additional operation that requires time and cost. There is also a risk of air entrapment inside the casting.

U.S. Patent No. 2,172,051 discloses a wall structure with symmetrically arranged transverse partitions. In this construction, too, the concrete falls virtually straight down, so steel bars are used to brake the concrete flow. However, the presence of these greatly increases the clogging risk and, of course, also the cost.

U.S. Patent 2,029,586 deals with building elements that are assembled dry and filled with concrete. However, in practice, it has been found that the method of dry-installing hollow elements and filling them with concrete has received little use, and use is generally limited to underground walls, where the accuracy and aesthetics requirements are less stringent than in visible walls.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a series of building elements which make it possible to extend the dry installation method defined above to visible or above-ground walls for the production of arbitrary structures such as houses with or without upper floors, industrial buildings, etc. in a very rational and economical space.

In-depth studies of the dry installation method have led to the conclusion that at least four conditions must be met in order to replace the conventional wall in which the elements are bonded together with mortar.

These conditions are as follows: 1. It must be possible to place at least four rows of 20 cm high elements on top of each other sufficiently firmly to allow the elements to be filled with concrete at once without requiring internal stiffening to prevent the elements from breaking due to the pressure produced by the concrete; to make the method industrially competitive with conventional wall casting methods.

2. Complete filling with concrete shall be ensured and there shall be no vertical or horizontal gaps between the elements after such filling and this shall be done in such a way that the elements are bonded to both the transverse walls1 and the horizontal walls through the filling concrete in any wall structure or wall combination.

3. All wall compound suction that may be present in the structure, such as corner joints, T-joints and X-joints, shall be possible but in minimum amounts. With lots] α I. i Ί pigments and thus regardless of the size of the wall sections and the ratio 1 li si + .. stations and wall thicknesses.

k. The shape of the elements must be as simple as possible so that the elements can be manufactured with sufficient accuracy (tolerances as small as possible) on an industrial scale and with a sufficiently large capacity. In addition, the shape of the element-in must be such that the elements have sufficient mechanical strength to be handled and transported by means such as t, J l riVQIl "" 60276 4.

A building element that satisfies other but not one of the above conditions is not good enough for use in the dry installation method and has no practical significance in the task contemplated by the present invention.

It has been found that in the known building elements defined above, at least one of the above-mentioned conditions is not fulfilled.

The most common problem that occurs in known elements is the risk of fracture when pouring concrete and the impossibility of making all the wall combinations that can be considered in a conventional structure with a minimum number of different e-element types (conditions 1 and 3).

The invention is based on the formation of a series of building elements, which combine several special features, some of which may have been used alone in known elements, and which allow their conditions to be met due to their interaction and thus provide a solution for dry installation in all conditions. , which may occur during the erection of buildings.

The wall structure according to the invention is characterized in that the overlapping elements are arranged such that the transverse walls of each row, except the bottom, are displaced horizontally with respect to the transverse walls of the next sub-row. occurs in the same direction toward the other end of the wall structure.

The invention also relates to a method for forming the aforementioned wall structure, characterized in that rows of elements are superimposed so that, except for the transverse walls of each row, the bottom is displaced horizontally head, and that the binder is pumped into the hollow spaces of the top row of the wall structure and through the conductive channels formed by the element elements.

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Other details and features of the invention will become apparent from the appended claims and the following description, in which a non-limiting example is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows elements of a wall structure according to the invention. Figure 2 is a plan view of smaller scale elements; Figures 4-7 show other variations of the combinations of elements according to Figure 1, Figure 8 is a plan view of the two corner-forming wall portions, Figure 9 is a sectional view with parts cut away, taken along line IX-IX in Figure 8, Figure 10 is a sectional view taken along line IX XX, from which parts have been removed, Figures 11 and 12 show plan views of special joints of wall parts.

In different figures, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements.

First, it should be noted that although the lower and upper surfaces of elements in a particular structure should be as smooth and flat as possible and parallel to each other, while at right angles to their side surfaces, the tolerances allowed for element and element lengths substantially correspond to their wall thickness. This will become clearer from the following description of the construction method using such elements.

Figure 1 shows a structure comprising two types of basic elements 1 and 2. The first type consists of an element 1 with a rectangular rectangular parallelepiped-shaped part 3 extended at one end by two flanges 5 and 6 projecting from the side surfaces 7 and 8 and projecting at a distance by an amount substantially equal to a fraction of the length of said part 3, which in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 is half of said length. The other end of the element 1 is provided with an excess thickness 11a M which can be fastened between the free ends of the flanges 5 and 6 of the second element.

The parallelepiped-shaped part has a hollow space 10 with a horizontal cross-section as large as possible, also in the shape of a parallelepiped, which passes through the element from its entire height, said element being thus open from both the bottom and the top surface.

The second type of elements 2 is U-shaped, the rear part 13 of which is provided with an excess thickness 11a similar to the excess thickness of the element 1, and the length of the flanges 5 and 6 is substantially equal to the length of the flanges 5 and 6 of the element 1.

The side surfaces 7 and 8 as well as the outer surfaces of the flanges 5 and 6 are substantially flat to allow the construction of walls with both sides substantially flat.

The bottom and top edges of each element type are substantially flat and parallel to allow the elements to be superimposed in any relative position.

The wall structure may comprise an joined compound of elements of the same type and two different types.

Such embodiments are shown in Figures 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Figure 2 shows basic elements 1 and 2 connected by way of example to elements 20 and 21. Element 20 can be considered as a combination of element 1 and element 2, and element 21 can be considered as two as a combination of an element 2, the nails of the flanges 5 and 6 being connected to form a unit.

Figure 4 shows the joining of two elements 2 in the same direction. Figure 5 shows an element consisting of two elements 1. Figure 6 shows a combination of elements 1, in which the element consists of connecting one element 1 to element 2. Finally, Figure 7 is a combination of two laterally placed elements 1.

It is to be understood that other combinations are possible. For example, it is possible to form combinations of two or more elements, etc.

Figure 3 shows a variation of a relatively large element 1, which is most often useful in making foundation walls.

In order to avoid the risk of such large elements breaking when they are filled with binder, normally concrete, the inner corners of the parallelepiped-shaped part 3 are stiffened. For this purpose, according to the invention, the side walls 7 and 8 of the part 3 are preferably extended on its inner side towards the adjacent corners, 7 60276 as clearly shown in Figure 3.

Such stiffening is also preferably made on the inner side of the flanges 5 and 6, and this is done regardless of the size of the element. Such flanges thus gradually expand as the wider free end moves towards the base, so as to obtain a horizontal cross-section which is substantially rectangular in the direction of a k-shape.

The type 2 element may comprise several variations in the length of the flanges in order to make the joints in two or more walls of the same thickness or different thicknesses.

In a particular embodiment, the length of the flange may be substantially equal to the sum of the flange length of the first element 1 and the wall thickness in its part 3.

In another particular embodiment, the flange length of the element 2 is substantially equal to the length of one element 1 measured at right angles to the flanges.

In yet another embodiment of the element 2, the flange length is substantially equal to the difference between the length of one element 1 and the sum of its flange length and the width of one element 1.

Finally, the flange length of the element 2 can also be equal to the difference between the length and the width of the element 1.

In order to make joints at right angles between walls of different thicknesses, it may be useful to use elements 2, the width and flange length of one wall depending on the width of the elements used for the other wall.

As a result, the differential variants of the elements 2 described above can be used for joints of walls of different thicknesses,

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the length of the element 1 is substantially equal to three times its width.

At least one of the transverse walls in the series of elements according to the invention is provided with a notch at at least one corner.

In the element structure shown in Figure 1, most elements 1 have such a notch 12 in the transverse wall 11 and a similar notch 15 in the wall 13. Similarly, it could be possible to make a similar notch in the wall 13 in one of the elements 2.

However, it is important that in all e parasitic Le i new 1 j.i 2 .J not notch 15 in wall 13. For example, a rectangle:;,! the elements used in the corners 8 60276 cannot be provided with such a notch 18. On the contrary, the wall 11 of all the elements can be provided with a notch 12.

The advantage of forming such notches will be determined later in describing the construction method used in accordance with the invention.

In some cases, for example in the case of relatively wide elements, it is also possible not to use an excess thickness.

The same is true for notch 12.

The construction method according to the invention is such that first the elements are loosely superimposed and extended on each other so as to form walls with gaps extending downwards, and then a binder, which is normally concrete, is poured in from the hollow spaces of the top row elements.

This method has the feature that said elements 1 of the first type are arranged in rows and superimposed in such a way that the flanges of said elements face the mounting direction of the elements 16 and that a certain element in the top row is spaced relative to the element in the bottom row. (b) by a displacement substantially equal to the flange length of the element in the bottom row above. The second type of elements 2 are mostly used when starting to erect walls or wall parts to allow the position of the first type elements to be adjusted as described above, and at the ends of the walls or wall parts so that the wall is terminated substantially vertically. In addition, the casting of the binder on the elements mounted in this way is carried out by filling the element after the element at least partially in the elements in the top row in their setting direction.

The use of this method is clearly shown in Figures 8 and 9 for the construction of a corner c between two walls by means of the elements shown in Figure 1, where the length of the element 1 is substantially three times the width of the element. Thus, stepped channels are formed inside the walls, as shown by arrows 22, which steps are formed by a part 9 defined by lal put 5 and.

The section cut in Figure 9 shows the advantage of forming notches 12 and 15. As can be seen, the elements are positioned with their notches facing down.

The operation of the notch 12 is somewhat different from the operation of the notch 15.

Indeed, when filling a series of overlapping rows of elements forming a wall or part of a wall, the casting of said binder starts at the beginning of said walls or parts of the wall, e.g. When the corners are properly filled, the second elements are filled along conductive channels in which the filling material 17 flows in a rather complex motion, first filling the cavities between the flanges 5 and 6 in the elements and then flowing over the steps of the staggered turbulent steps. stepped, thus causing the binder to vibrate, which has been poured into both the upstream duct and the subsequent layers of that duct during proper filling, by blowing air through the next duct which is not yet filled with the binder.

This tortuous movement thus ensures that the required binder flows slowly downwards to prevent the elements from breaking and that the wall or part of the wall is completely filled from the entire height, which is filled with one and the same filling operation.

Examining the path followed by the binder 17 within the channel formed in the rows of overlapping elements, it will be seen that said channel has narrow portions, indicated by reference numeral 18, between two successive rows, in front of the lower edge of the transverse wall of the elements 1. Due to the fact that the notch 12 is located at this location, which notch may be small in size, the risk of clogging of the binder is substantially reduced as it flows downwards.

Looking now at the wall 13 of the element 1 used in the manufacture of the wall, it will be seen that said wall is above the wall 11 of the element 1 in the bottom row.

In order to avoid, for example, due to the irregularity in the element, a crack could be left between two overlapping walls which would not be filled with the binder, a notch 15 is formed to fill the cavity between the edges of each wall.

10 60276 binder 11a while the binder is poured into these channels.

The binder is preferably cast into the hollow elements by a pump 3 with a flow rate of between 10 and 20 m / h. Said pump may be connected, for example, to a hose 19 mounted on a hydraulically operated support and movable above the place where the building is erected.

As a result of the above, the placement of the elements in the wall part according to the invention generally starts at an angle by orienting the free ends of the flange along the installation direction, i.e. by placing the elements in such a way that the excess thickness 4 will be towards that angle. The end of the wall part thus constructed, for example at a door opening or a window opening, is filled with elements 2 along a substantially vertical side, as shown in Figure 8, and a U-shaped barrier 33 surrounding said wall allows the binder to be cast.

As shown in Figure 10, to join two parts of one and the same wall extending to each other, a barrier 39 is used, comprising two panels 40 and 41 made on both sides of the space 28 formed between said wall parts, its front ends against, by means of fasteners passing through said space to form a vertical gap which is approximately similar to the gap bound by the U-closure in Figure 9.

The elements according to the invention, which can possibly be considered as a barrier to the binder, can be made of any material, for example a material which has insulating properties with respect to both heat and sound.

Compared to the main advantages of the invention, it is possible to monitor the filling of the element at all times when the binder is visible as it flows down the downward channels.

In addition, the height of the wall part which can be filled at once with the binder without the risk of the elements breaking is theoretically unlimited, although in practice, specifically with regard to clogging, there is a limit corresponding to successive filling of overlapping wall parts in 5-7 rows.

The elements 2 can optionally be used as a detached barrier to form the cover boards or sledges shown in Fig. 12.

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Finally, Figure 11 shows a special element arrangement for constructing a cross-wall connection.

For relatively wide elements, the anchoring of successive elements may be waived.

The stiffeners and pipes can be fitted inside the shafts and ducts before filling the elements. The height of the elements 1 is preferably equal to half its width.

It is to be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the applications described above and that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (19)

A wall structure consisting of superimposed rows of hollow elements (1, 2, 20, 21) with transverse walls (11, 13) and arranged so that each row has alternately long (10) and short (9) ) hollow spaces and in which a binder, e.g. concrete, has been cast, characterized in that the overlapping rows of elements are arranged so that the transverse walls (11, 13) of each row except the bottom are moved horizontally with respect to the transverse walls of the next to form ducts (22) spaced by a length b through these hollow spaces, the rows moving in the same direction towards the other end of the wall structure. Wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the elements (1) have a hollow, rectangular part (10) in a horizontal cross-section defining one of said hollow spaces and a U-shaped part formed by flanges (5, 6) (9) protrudes away from one end of the rectangular portion (10) and forms a second hollow space. Wall structure according to Claim 2, characterized in that the other end of the hollow, rectangular part is formed by an excess thickness 11a (4) which is fastened between the flanges (5, 6) of the adjacent element. Wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a few elements (20) have a hollow rectangular part (10) in horizontal cross-section, which forms one of said hollow spaces, and that at each end of the rectangular part there are flanges (5, 6) formed by a U-shaped portion projecting away from the rectangular portion. Wall structure according to Claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the rectangular part forms a long hollow space (10) and the U-shaped part or each of them forms a short hollow space (9). Wall structure according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the total length of the elements is substantially three times their width. Wall structure according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that it has elements (2) with a U-shaped horizontal cross-section, each of which is formed with a transverse wall (13) and two flanges (5, 6). which are similar to the flanges of the elements (1), the element having a hollow rectangular cross-section. Wall structure according to Claim 7, characterized in that it has U-shaped elements (2) whose flanges (5, 6) have different lengths. Wall structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that the transverse wall (13) of the U-shaped element (2) has an excess thickness (4) which is fastened between the flanges (5, 6) of the adjacent element. Wall structure according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the length of the U-shaped element (2) is equal to the difference between the length of the rectangular part (10) and the width of the element (1) with the hollow rectangular part. Wall structure according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the length of the U-shaped element (2) is equal to the difference between the length and the width of the element having the hollow rectangular part. Wall structure according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the length and width of the U-shaped element (2) are the same. 12 60276 Wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a notch (12, 15) is formed in one edge of the at least one transverse wall (11 or 13) of the element. Wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the transverse slots (14) are formed on the edges of the side walls (7, 8) of at least a few elements. Wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the thickness of the side walls of each element increases towards the corners of the hollow space in said element in order to reinforce the corners. Wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the hollow spaces form conductive channels (22) through the wall, which channels are at an angle of 50 ° to 60 ° to the horizontal. 11+ 602 7 6 Wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the wall has a door or window opening, the sides of the opening of which are delimited by a U-shaped closing space through which the binder can be introduced. A method of forming a wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that rows of elements are superimposed such that, except for the transverse walls of each row, the bottom is displaced horizontally with respect to the transverse walls of the next lower row towards the other end of the wall structure, and that the binder is pumped into the hollow spaces of the top row of the wall structure and through the conducting channels formed by the rows of elements. Method according to Claim 18, characterized in that the binder is concrete which is pumped at a rate of 10 to 20 m 3 / h. 15 60276