FI20227006A1 - Fireplace for solid fuel, fire controller, and method in a fireplace for solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fireplace for solid fuel (1, 2, 3, 4), which fireplace comprises a hearth (6) with walls (7, 8, 9); a flue gas channel (18) for conducting away gases from the hearth; air ducts (11, 12, 13) for conducting air to the fire event of the fireplace at several different points of the fire event; and a fire control device (21) for directing gases in the hearth (6) and/or in the flue gas channel (18). The fire control device (21) is at least partially hollow and the empty inner space (25) of the fire control device is connected to the air duct (11, 12, 13) of the fireplace to conduct air from the air duct to the inner space of the fire control device.

Description

Solid fuel fireplace, fire control and method in solid fuel fireplace

FIELD OF INVENTION TECHNOLOGY

The object of the invention is a solid fuel fireplace, a fire controller and a method in a solid fuel fireplace according to the preambles of the independent patent claims presented below.

STATE OF THE ART

— The aim is to reduce the emissions of stoves intended for solid fuel, such as stoves, fireplaces, hearths, stoves, fireplaces or baking ovens. Efforts are being made to improve the durability of fireplaces and their components. At the same time, the combustion should be efficient. It is known that precise control of combustion is difficult.

The problems are solved, for example, by modifying the shape of the fireplace and its hearth. For example, a fire control can be placed in the firebox, which can control the flame, fire gases and smoke gases, protect the firebox structures and enhance the fire event by increasing the turbulence of the gases and thus their mixing.

Various additional structures are usually sensitive to breakage.

It is known to optimize the amount of combustion air supplied and the point of supply.

Sufficient air is needed in the event of a fire. But too much air can also be harmful,

N temperature and combustion efficiency can decrease.

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5 25 WO 2021/165578 A1 shows a combustion air cartridge to be placed in a firebox, which has = hollow floor and walls inside which combustion air is conducted. The hollow walls have several z holes to supply air from the wall to the hearth of the fireplace at different heights. Through the floor

S is supplied with primary combustion air and secondary air is supplied through the walls. =

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N 30 PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to reduce or even eliminate the aforementioned problems occurring in the state of the art.

One of the purposes of the present invention is to create a solution by which the emissions of a fireplace that uses solid fuel, such as a stove, fireplace, hearth, storage fireplace, stove, fireplace or baking oven, can be reduced.

One purpose of the present invention is to create a solution that makes combustion control in a solid fuel fireplace even easier.

One of the purposes of the present invention is to create a working solid fuel fireplace more efficiently than the previous ones.

One purpose of the present invention is to create a solid fuel fireplace that is and whose components are even more durable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Among other things, for realizing the aforementioned purposes, the solid fuel stove, fire controller and method according to the invention, as well as other objects of the invention, are characterized by what is presented in the attached independent patent claims.

The application examples and advantages mentioned in this text apply to the solid fuel fireplace, fire controller and method according to the invention as well as to other objects of the invention, even if it is not always mentioned separately.

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N In a typical fireplace and method according to the invention, the invention is used

O 25 compliant fireplace fire control. The fire guide is at least partially hollow, and the inner space of the fire guide = empty — can be connected to the air duct of the fireplace to lead air from the z air duct to the interior of the fire guide.

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N A typical solid fuel fireplace according to the invention comprises

N 30 — firebox with walls; — the flue gas duct to lead the gases away from the firebox;

— air ducts for conducting air in connection with the fire event of the fireplace in several different points of the fire event; — for directing the fire control gases in the firebox and/or in the flue gas duct.

The fire guide is at least partially hollow, and the empty interior of the fire guide is connected to an air duct to conduct air from the air duct to the interior of the fire guide.

In a typical method according to the invention, in a solid fuel fireplace, gases are controlled in the hearth of the fireplace and/or in the flue gas channel with a fire controller.

The fire guide is at least partially hollow, and the empty interior of the fire guide is connected to — the air duct of the fireplace. In addition, the method includes at least the following steps: — air is led from the air duct of the fireplace into the interior of the fire guide, whereupon — the fire guide is cooled with air led from the air duct.

In some embodiments of the invention, the method is carried out in a hearth according to the invention. In one form of application, the method comprises at least the following steps: — solid fuel is burned in the hearth of the fireplace, which has walls; — gases are led away from the firebox through the flue gas duct; — air is led through air ducts in connection with the fireplace fire event in several different points of the fire event; — the gases in the firebox and/or flue gas duct are controlled by a fire guide, which is at least partially hollow, and whose empty inner space of the fire guide is connected to : an air duct;

N — air is led from the air duct into the interior of the fire controller.

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7 25 Nyto has therefore noticed that in a solid fuel fireplace it is advantageous to use a hollow fire guide, into which air is led from the air duct of the fireplace. Air duct air

During combustion, E is cooler than the gases flowing in the hearth, and thus the temperature of the 2 fire guides can be kept lower. This is how fire control lasts

N better and more effectively protects the hearth structures behind it. In the process

N 30 when the fire guide cools down from the cool air, the air in the fire guide warms up. Warm air can be used for different purposes. For example, if the air is taken directly from outside during the cold season, even very cold air can enter the fireplace from the air duct.

Fire controls according to the invention can be one, two, three or more in one fireplace, depending on the situation.

A fire control means a device that controls gas flows placed in the hearth of the fireplace or in the flue gas duct. The purpose of the fire guide can be, for example, to direct gases such as fire gases, smoke gases and flames to a larger or smaller area of the firebox or flue gas ducts, to protect the parts behind the fire guide, to increase turbulence. The shape and size of the fire control is always chosen to suit the situation. For example, it can be plate-like, comprising two larger surfaces and possibly an end and/or edges connecting the surfaces. The fire guide can be placed in the fire pit in a way that deviates from the direction of its walls, for example under the roof of the fire pit to divert the gas flows before they hit the roof. The fire control can be in the flue gas duct after the firebox. For example, in a stove, the fire guide can be placed in the flue gas channel just before the stove to optimally direct the hot gases under the stove.

The walls of the fire pit and the fire guide can be made from a material suitable for the purpose at any given time. In one application, the walls of the firebox and/or the fire guide are metal.

In one application, the walls of the firebox and/or the fire guide are at least partially

Fireproof mass suitable for use in N fire pits. In one application

The walls of the N firebox and the fire guide are made of the same material.

O 25 = Fire controller can be retrofitted. One application of the invention is a retrofit kit, z, which includes a fire control. The retrofit kit can also include installing it

S necessary supplies, for example fastening means, adapters and/or tools. =

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N 30 Combustion gas refers to gases produced during the combustion of fuel, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, various hydrocarbons, other organic compounds. Combustible gases include gas that is still unburnt. Flue gas refers to gases that are transported away from the firebox and hearth. Flue gases contain gases produced in the combustion process and may also contain unburned fire gas and air.

Solid fuel can be, for example, wood in its various forms. The invention is suitable for 5 — different types of fireplaces, examples are stoves, fireplaces, hearths, reserve fireplaces, stoves, fireplaces and baking ovens.

In one application of the invention, the amount of air supplied to the fire controller is controlled.

In one application, the size of the air duct, i.e. the amount of air flowing through it, is controlled by an air duct closing device. The air duct bringing air to the fire controller can even be completely closed if desired. The closing device can be known per se, for example an ash box or hatch that can be opened and closed, or a flap or damper that can be moved or turned by means of a stem or rod, which can be used to control the size of the flow channel.

The closing device can work, for example, manually, motorized or automatically.

In one application, a control device is connected to the fireplace or shutter device, which includes the necessary sensors, such as a temperature sensor, a motor that controls the position of the shutter device, and logic that controls said motor based on the signals produced by the sensors, for example with computer software.

In one application of the invention, the empty inner space of the fire guide is surrounded by the walls of the fire guide, at least one of which has at least one air opening without

N to direct the fire controller from the interior to the firebox and/or flue gas duct. Thus

N fire guide can be used to bring the combustion air to exactly the desired location

O 25 fire incidents. By bringing combustion air to the fire event via the fire controller = the combustion air can be preheated before it is fed into the firebox or into the flue gas duct. In this way, it is possible to further enhance the fire event. 3 Preheating the combustion air is important, for example, if the air is taken in cold

N during the year directly outside. Supplying air to a fire incident fire controller

Through N 30, it also enables a new efficient way to produce turbulence, i.e. to achieve efficient mixing of gases in the firebox and/or in the flue gas duct.

In one application, the fire controller has multiple air vents. There can be, for example, more than 10, more than 20, more than 50, 10-100 air holes. The secondary air vents according to the invention can have a diameter of, for example, 3-10 mm, 5-9 mm or 6-8 mm. The tertiary air vents according to the invention can have a diameter of, for example, 1-10 mm, 2-6 mm or 3-4 mm. In one application, the air openings are on one surface of the fire guide, for example on the top or bottom surface or at the end of the plate-like fire guide.

In one application, there are air holes on several surfaces of the fire control. The location and number of air openings are chosen to suit each situation. In this way, the fire event can be optimized in different situations. For example, the air volumes of primary and secondary air and possible tertiary air can be controlled to be optimal for a fire event by choosing the location and number of air openings appropriately.

In one application, the fireplace comprises both primary and secondary air ducts. The fire controller according to the invention can then be connected to a flow connection with either the primary and/or secondary air duct. In this way, the fire control can be used to supply either primary or secondary air or both to the fire event.

In one application, the fireplace includes both primary, secondary and tertiary air ducts. The fire controller according to the invention can be connected to a flow connection with either a primary, secondary or tertiary air duct or several of these ducts. In this way, the fire controller can be used to supply primary, secondary or tertiary air or several of them to a fire event.

N In one application, the interior of the fire control is a tertiary air duct. In one

In the O 25 — application, the interior of the fire controller is connected to the air duct of the tertiary air. Thus = tertiary air is supplied to the fire event from the air openings of the fire controller. Tertiary z air = is fed into the fire event at a slightly later stage than — primary — secondary air 3. In this way, the combustion of unburned gases is enhanced. =

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N 30 In one application of the invention, the amount of primary air is adjusted with a primary air shut-off device. In one application of the invention, the amount of secondary air is adjusted with a secondary air shut-off device. In one application of the invention, the amount of tertiary air is regulated by a tertiary air shut-off device. The closing device can be known per se, for example an ash box or hatch that can be opened and closed, or a flap or damper that can be moved or turned by means of a stem or rod, which can be used to control the size of the flow channel.

In one application of the invention, the amount of primary air can be adjusted separately, completely independently of possible secondary and/or tertiary air adjustment.

The air duct of the primary air can even be completely closed if desired.

In one application of the invention, it is possible to adjust the amount of secondary air separately, completely independent of the possible regulation of primary and/or tertiary air.

The secondary air duct can even be completely closed if desired.

In one application of the invention, it is possible to adjust the amount of tertiary air — separately, completely independently of possible primary and/or secondary air adjustment.

The air channel for tertiary air can even be completely closed if desired.

In one application, the amount of primary air can be adjusted independently of secondary and tertiary air, and the combined amount of secondary and tertiary air can be adjusted together, regardless of the amount of primary air. In one application, the primary air duct is separate from the common secondary and tertiary air duct. In one application, the amount of primary air is regulated by the primary

N air is regulated by a shut-off device and the total amount of secondary and tertiary air

N with secondary and tertiary air shut-off device.

O 25 = In one application, the fire guide is attached to the upper part of the hearth wall. In one z application, the fire guide is attached to the wall of the firebox and at an angle g to the wall, so that the fire guide forms, as it were, the roof of the firebox for at least part of the firebox

N surface area between walls. The fire control can be arranged horizontally or

N 30 from horizontal to oblique, as needed. In the upper part of the fire pit, the temperature easily rises so high that traditional fire controls often do not last very long. A cooled fire controller lasts better.

In one application, at least one wall of the hearth is hollow and its interior is connected. into the air duct so that the hollow wall acts as an air duct. In one application, the interior space of the fire controller is connected to the interior space of such a hollow firebox wall. The air to the fire controller then comes from the hollow wall of the firebox. This simplifies the structure.

In one application, the back wall of the firebox, i.e. the wall farthest from the door of the firebox, is hollow and serves as an air duct bringing air to the fire control. In one application, one or more side walls of the firebox are hollow and act as an air duct bringing air to the fire control. In certain situations, one or two walls acting as an air duct are enough.

In one application, the inner space of the hollow wall of the firebox is connected to the secondary air air duct. In one application, at least one hollow wall of the firebox has at least one air opening for directing air from the inner part of the hollow wall to the firebox as secondary air. In one application, the hollow wall vents are at the top of the firebox.

In one application, an air duct, such as the hollow wall of a firebox, acts as an air duct for secondary and tertiary air. Both secondary and tertiary air are supplied through it. In one application, secondary air is fed into the firebox for a fire event

N of the air openings in the hollow wall, but part of the air in the hollow wall is led to the fire control

N in and further as tertiary air out of the fire control vents.

O 25 = In one application, the hearth includes an openable firebox door, through which z fuel is fed into the firebox. In one application, there is a window g in the door of the firebox, through which it is easy to monitor the combustion and the formation of the flame in the firebox.

N In one application, the firebox door has one or more air ducts for air

N 30 vents for air regulation, the size of which can be selected as desired. In this way, by adjusting the size of the adjustment openings, the amount of air led into the air ducts can be controlled.

In one application, the amount of primary air supplied to the grate is controlled manually by opening and closing the ash box. The air duct for the primary air then passes through the ash box. In one application, the lid of the ash box is closed while being at least mainly airtight, in which case the flow of primary air can be completely stopped by closing the ash box.

In one application, part of the air duct for secondary and/or tertiary air is arranged under and/or to the side of the firebox and/or ash box. Transport without air can thus be arranged to save space. In one application, this route is the most direct route from the air intake openings in the front wall of the hearth to the bottom edge and interior of the hollow side or back wall of the hearth.

The invention and the applications it enables achieve several advantages compared to — traditional fireplaces. The temperature of the fire controller can now be controlled. The service life of the fire control can be increased. Fire controllers can be used to control the flame and use them to supply air to the fire event in a controlled manner. Turbulence and the efficiency of the combustion process can be improved. A normal type grate can be used on the bottom of the firebox, through which the incoming primary air can be adjusted separately from the rest of the air. Secondary and tertiary air can be controlled together or separately. The amount of air needed for a fire event can be directed to the right point in the fire process. The temperature of the fire gas remains sufficient for ignition when it mixes with oxygen-rich air at different points of the hearth.

N A more controlled formation of turbulence contributes to reaching the optimal temperature

N points in the fire process. Effective turbulence causes the air and combustion gas to be effective

O 25 mixing. The progress of combustion gases in the process is prevented = effectively. In this way, the cleanest and most complete combustion is achieved. z Studies have shown that too high or too low fire temperature 3 contributes to e.g. soot formation. With the shape of the hearth and the air guide, and

With the location and size of N air holes, the correct fire event is achieved almost to the user

N 30 regardless of measures. With the help of precise air volume and flow control, the amount of waste air flowing past the fire event can be minimized. With the help of precise air volume and flow control, draft in the fireplace is good, even if relatively little air is supplied. It is easy to adjust the fire event manually by watching the burning and the formation of the flame through the hatch or window. Use with incorrect air duct settings can quickly be seen in the formation of a flame. The user is mainly responsible for adjusting the amount of air needed for ignition and the total amount of combustion air. The simplicity of the adjustment also enables the easy installation of an auxiliary device, e.g. an electronic adjustment device, making the optimal clean fire even more independent of the user's actions.

One application of the invention comprises a new method of controlling combustion air flows in a solid fuel fireplace. This control is also inventive in itself and applied also in solid fuel fireplaces other than those mentioned in this application and without a fire controller according to the invention. According to the management method, adjustable air intake openings are arranged in the fireplace, from which the combustion air needed by the fireplace is taken, i.e. primary air and secondary air and possibly also tertiary air. In one application, the adjustable air intake openings can be completely closed if desired. In one application, all the combustion air needed by the fireplace is taken through the mentioned — adjustable — air intake openings. In one application, the adjustable air intake openings are arranged in a hearth door that can be opened and closed tightly. In one application, the hatch mentioned also works as a hatch for the firebox of the fireplace. In one application, there is a window in the hatch, through which the combustion in the firebox can be monitored. Behind the air intake openings and any hatch inside the fireplace is an air space from which the combustion air needed by the fireplace is taken,

N possibly all the combustion air needed by the fireplace. Primary air leaves the air compartment

N and an air duct with secondary air and possibly also tertiary air. Adjustable

By adjusting the size of the O 25 air intake openings, the flows of primary and secondary = air but also possibly tertiary air in the fireplace air ducts are controlled at the same time. z The size of the primary air duct between the air space and the firebox can be adjusted, 3 for example by opening and closing the ash box leading from the air space under the grate.

N In this way, the flow of primary air can be controlled separately from the flow of secondary and possibly tertiary air. This invention enables a new, even more efficient and simple way to control the different combustion airs of the fireplace.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PATTERNS

The invention is explained in more detail in the following by referring to the attached diagrammatic drawing, where

Figure 1 shows a stove according to the invention cut from the side,

Figure 2 shows the door of the firebox of the stove in Figure 1, viewed from the front,

Figure 3 shows Figure 1 cut from the front of the stove,

Figure 4 shows the stove according to the invention cut from the side,

Figure 5 shows the stove of Figure 4 cut from the front,

Figure 6 shows a fireplace or fireplace core according to the invention, cut from the side,

Pattern? shows the fireplace or hearth of FIG. 6 cut from the front,

Figure 8 shows a side-section of the reserve fireplace according to the invention,

Figure 9 shows the ash door of the hearth in Figure 8, viewed from the front,

Fig. 10 — shows a section of Fig. 8 from the front of the hearth,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF DRAWINGS

For the sake of clarity, the same reference numbers are used for some corresponding parts in different figures and embodiments.

Arrows are used in the diagrams to schematically describe different gas flows in fireplaces. The arrows drawn in a circle describe the turbulence of the flows.

Figures 1-3 show the stove 1 according to the invention. Figures 4 and 5 show the invention

Stove 2 according to N. Figures 6 and 7 show a stove according to the invention or

N fireplace core 3. Figures 8-10 show the reserve hearth according to the invention 4. Stove

O 25 1, stove 2, fireplace or hearth 3 and spare hearth 4 are intended for burning solid = fuel, such as firewood 5. Each hearth 1-4 is unique in its structure and function, but there are also plenty of similarities. Each hearth

S 1—4 comprises the firebox 6, which has side walls 7 and 8, a back wall 9 and a front wall.

The opening hatch 10 in the examples of the pictures serves as the main front wall of the N Firebox.

N 30 The fireplaces in Figures 1-4 have a primary air air duct 11, a secondary air air duct 12 and a tertiary air air duct 13, through which air is brought to different points of the fire event. In the examples of the figures, the primary air is brought to the fire event through the grate 14, the secondary air through the secondary air air openings 15 and the tertiary air through the tertiary air air openings 16. A flue gas channel 18 leaves from the upper part of the firebox 17, through which the gases are led out of the firebox.

Each hearth 1-4 comprises a fire guide 21 for directing the gases in the hearth and/or in the flue gas channel. The fire guide has walls 22, 23, 24 and between them an empty interior space 25 where air can flow. In the examples, the interior space 25 is connected to the tertiary air air channel 13. At least one wall 22, 23, 24 of the fire controller has tertiary air air openings 16 to direct air from the interior of the fire controller to the firebox 6 or to the flue gas channel 18.

Each hearth 1-4 comprises at least one hollow hearth wall 7, 8, 9. The inner parts 26 of the hollow walls are connected to the secondary air air duct 12. Thus, the hollow wall 7, 8, 9 also functions as the secondary air air duct 12. The hollow walls 7, 8 , 9 — in the upper parts, typically above the firewood 5, there are secondary air vents 15 for directing air from the inner part of the hollow wall 26 to the firebox 6 as secondary air.

In the examples, the interior space 25 of the fire guide 21 is connected to the interior space 26 of the hollow wall of the firebox. Tertiary air to the fire guide 21 is therefore taken from the secondary air air duct 12. It can therefore be said that in the examples, the interior space 26 of the hollow wall functions as both secondary and tertiary air air ducts 12 and 13.

N The stove 1 in Figures 1-3 has a firebox door 10. At its upper edge is a window 32, which

Through N you can observe the combustion process in firebox 6. At the bottom of hatch 10 is

O 25 — adjustable air intake openings 33. Behind the air intake openings is an air space 40, from which the combustion air needed by the fireplace = is taken. Primary, secondary and z tertiary air air ducts 11 and 12 leave the air space. By adjusting the size of the openings 33, the flows of both primary, secondary and tertiary air are thus controlled at the same time to the air ducts 11 and

N 12. The size of the primary air air channel 11, i.e. the primary air to be led to the grate 14

The amount of N 30 is also manually controlled by opening and closing the ash box 34.

The inner parts 26 of the hollow walls /, 8 and 9 of the stove 1 are connected to the secondary air air channel 12. In this way, the hollow side walls 7 and 8 and the rear wall 9 also function as the secondary air air channel 12. The upper part of the walls has secondary air air openings 15 to direct the air to the hollow wall from the inner part 26 to the firebox 6 as secondary air. Part of the secondary air air duct 12 is arranged under the firebox 6 and ash box 34 and part on the sides of the firebox.

The fire guide 21 of the stove 1 is connected to the upper edge of the hollow side wall 7 of the firebox. The air to the fire guide 21 comes from the hollow side wall 7 of the firebox. The secondary air air channel 12 therefore also functions as the tertiary air air channel 13. The horizontal top wall 24 of the fire guide has tertiary air air openings 16 for directing air from the inner part of the fire guide 25 to the firebox 6 as tertiary air. The fire guide 21 is arranged in the flue gas channel 18 just before the stove top 31. In this way, the fire guide 21 optimally directs the hot gases flowing from the firebox 6 under the stove top 31, and from the fire guide — the supplied tertiary air ensures the turbulence of the gases under the stove top and thus the optimality of the combustion process.

The stove 2 in Figures 4 and 5 has a hatch 10 corresponding to the hatch of the firebox in Figure 2. At its upper edge there is a window 32, through which the combustion process in the firebox 6 can be observed.

At the bottom edge of the hatch 10 are adjustable air intake openings 33. Behind the air intake openings is an air space 40, from which the combustion air needed by the fireplace is taken. The primary, secondary and tertiary air ducts 11 and 12 leave the air space 40. The size of the openings 33

By adjusting N, both primary, secondary and tertiary air are controlled at the same time

N flows to air channels 11 and 12. The size of primary air air channel 11, i.e. to grate 14

The amount of primary air supplied to O 25 is also controlled manually by opening and closing the ash box 34 =.

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3 The inner parts 26 of the hollow walls 7, 8 and 9 of the stove 2 are connected without secondary air

N to the air duct 12. This is also how the hollow side walls 7 and 8 and the back wall 9 function as secondary

N 30 air as an air channel 12. In the upper part of the walls there are secondary air air openings 15 for directing air from the inner part of the hollow wall 26 to the firebox 6 as secondary air. Part of the secondary air air duct 12 is arranged under the firebox 6 and ash box 34 and part on the sides of the firebox.

The fire guide 21 of the stove 2 is arranged in the upper part of the firebox 17 directly above the grate 14 and the firewood 5 that is burned on it. The disc-shaped fire guide 21 is attached to the upper edge of the vertical hollow back wall 9 of the firebox in an approximately horizontal plane. The air to the fire guide 21 comes from the hollow back wall 9 of the firebox. The plate-like fire guide 21 forms, as it were, the main horizontal roof in the upper part of the firebox 17.

The fire guide 21 spreads gases towards the front wall 10 and side walls 7 and 8 of the firebox before the gases flow from between the fire guide 21 and the walls 7, 8 and 10 into the flue gas channel 18. Tertiary air vents 16 are formed in the horizontal lower wall 22 and the vertical end wall 23 of the fire guide to guide the air through the fire guide from the inner part 25 to the firebox 6 as tertiary air. In this way, the fire guide 21 controls the hot gases flowing from the firebox 6, ensures the mixing of the gases with the tertiary air and thus the optimality of the combustion process.

In the fireplace or hearth 3 of Figures 6 and 7, there is a firebox door 10. At its upper edge, there is a window through which the combustion process in the firebox 6 can be observed.

The size of the primary air air channel 11, i.e. the amount of primary air to be led to the grate 14, is manually controlled by opening and closing the ash box 34 below the hatch 10. Below the ash box 34 is an air intake opening, from which air is directed to the secondary air air channel 12 and from there to the tertiary air

N to air duct 13. Air duct 12 size and thus without secondary and tertiary air

The flow of N is controlled by controlling the shut-off device 35 under the fireplace.

O 25 = The inner part 26 of the hollow back wall 9 of the fireplace or hearth 3 is connected to the secondary air air channel 12. Thus, the hollow back wall 9 also functions as the secondary air 3 air channel 12. The upper part of the wall 9 has secondary air air openings 15 without

To direct N from the inner part of the hollow wall 26 to the firebox 6 as secondary air. Part

N 30 of the secondary air air ducts 12 are arranged under the firebox 6 and the ash box 34.

The fire guide 21 of the fireplace or hearth 3 is arranged in the upper part of the hearth 17 directly above the grate 14 and the firewood 5 that is burned on it. The disc-shaped fire guide 21 is attached to the upper edge of the hollow back wall 9 of the firebox. Air to the fire guide 21 comes from the hollow back wall 9 of the firebox. The fire guide 21 is attached at an angle to the vertical back wall 9, i.e. obliquely so that its front edge 27 is somewhat higher than the rear edge 28. The sides 29 of the fire guide are attached to the side walls 7 and 8 of the firebox.

The fire guide 21 forms, as it were, a rising roof towards the front wall 10 of the fire pit in the upper part 17 of the fire pit. The fire guide 21 spreads gases towards the front wall 10 before the gases flow between the fire guide 21 and the front wall 10 into the flue gas channel 18.

Tertiary air air openings 16 are formed in the lower wall 22 and end wall 23 of the fire guide to direct air from the inner part 25 of the fire guide to the firebox 6 as tertiary air. In this way, the fire guide 21 controls the hot gases flowing from the firebox 6, ensures the mixing of the gases with the tertiary air and thus the optimality of the combustion process.

The hearth 4 that occupies Figures 8-10 has a firebox hatch 10. At its upper edge, there is a window through which the combustion process in the firebox 6 can be observed. Below the hatch 10, there is an openable ash hatch 36 with adjustable air intake openings 33.

Behind the air intakes is an air space 40, from which the combustion air needed by the fireplace is taken. Both primary, secondary and tertiary air ducts 11 and 12 leave the air space. By adjusting the size of the openings 33, the flows of both primary, secondary and tertiary air to the air ducts 11 and 12 are controlled at the same time. in addition to control manually

N ash boxes 34 by opening and closing.

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5 25 The inner part 26 of the hollow back wall 9 of the fireplace 4 is connected to the secondary air = air channel 12. Thus, the hollow back wall 9 also functions as the secondary air air channel z 12. The upper part of the wall 9 has secondary air air openings 15 to direct the air into the hollow

S from the inner part of the wall 26 to the firebox 6 as secondary air. Part without secondary air

N air ducts 12 are arranged under the firebox 6 and the ash box 34. & 30

The fire guide 21 of the fireplace 4 is arranged in the upper part of the hearth 17 directly above the grate 14 and the firewood 5 that is burned on it. The disc-shaped fire guide 21 is attached to the upper edge of the hollow back wall 9 of the firebox. Air to the fire guide 21 comes from the hollow back wall 9 of the firebox. The fire guide 21 is attached at an angle to the vertical back wall 9, i.e. obliquely so that its front edge 27 is somewhat higher than the rear edge 28. The sides 29 of the fire guide are tightly attached to the side walls 7 and 8 of the firebox.

The fire guide 21 forms, as it were, a rising roof towards the front wall 10 of the fire pit in the upper part 17 of the fire pit. The fire guide 21 spreads gases towards the front wall 10 before the gases flow between the fire guide 21 and the front wall 10 into the flue gas channel 18.

Tertiary air vents 16 are formed in the lower wall 22 and the vertical end wall 23 of the fire guide to direct air from the inner part 25 of the fire guide to the firebox 6 as tertiary air. In this way, the fire guide 21 controls the hot gases flowing from the firebox 6, ensures the mixing of the gases with the tertiary air and thus the optimality of the combustion process.

The reversible damper 37 can be opened and closed by the handle 38. If the damper 37 is open, the flue gases pass from the top of the combustion chamber straight up into the flue gas duct 18. If the damper 37 is closed, the flue gases travel from the top of the combustion chamber along a longer meandering route 39 to the flue gas duct 18, at the same time heating the structures of the reserving firebox more efficiently.

The invention is not intended to be limited to the presented examples, but the independent patent requirements determine the protection circle. The dependent claims present several advantageous applications of the invention.

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Claims (17)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A solid fuel fireplace (1, 2, 3, 4), comprising — a hearth (6) with walls (7, 8, 9); — the flue gas channel (18) to lead the gases away from the firebox; — air ducts (11, 12, 13) for conducting air in connection with the fire event of the hearth in several different points of the fire event; — a fire guide (21) for directing the gases in the firebox (6) and/or in the flue gas duct (18); — characterized by the fact that the fire guide (21) is at least partially hollow, and that the empty interior space (25) of the fire guide is connected to the air duct (11, 12, 13) of the fireplace to conduct air from the air duct to the interior space of the fire guide. 2. A fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner space (25) of the fire guide (21) is surrounded by the walls (22, 23, 24) of the fire guide, at least one of which has at least one air opening (14, 15, 16) for directing air to the fire guide from the interior to the firebox and/or flue gas duct. 3. A fireplace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises — primary, secondary and tertiary air ducts (11, 12, 13). , 4. A fireplace according to claim 3, characterized in that the interior space (25) of the fire guide N is a tertiary air air channel (13) or is connected to it. S S 25 5 A hearth according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that = the fire guide (21) is attached to the upper part of the hearth wall (7, 8, 9). S 6. A hearth according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the N fire guide (21) is attached to the hearth wall (7, 8, 9) and at an angle N 30 with respect to the wall so that the fire guide (21) forms the hearth roof. 7. A hearth according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one hearth wall (7, 8 9) is hollow and its interior (26) is connected to an air channel (12, 13) so that the hollow wall functions as an air channel. 8. A hearth according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner space (25) of the fire guide is connected to the inner space (26) of the hollow wall of the hearth. 9. A fireplace according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the inner space (26) of the hollow wall of the hearth is connected to the secondary air air duct (12). 10. A fireplace according to one of the previous claims 7-9, characterized in that at least one hollow wall (7, 8, 9) of the firebox has at least one secondary air vent (15) for directing air from the inner part of the hollow wall (26) to the firebox (6 ) as a secondary air. 11. A fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the same air duct (12) functions as an air duct for secondary and tertiary air. 12. A hearth according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is — a stove (2), a fireplace (3), a hearth (3), a reserve hearth (4), a stove (1), a stove or a baking oven. 13. Fireplace fire guide, characterized in that the fire guide (21) is at least partially hollow, N and that the empty interior space (25) of the fire guide can be connected to the suction duct (11, N 12, 13) of the fireplace to lead air from the air duct to the interior space of the fire guide. O 25 = 14. A retrofit kit comprising the fireplace E fire guide (21) according to claim 13. = N 15. A method in a solid fuel fireplace (1, 2, 3, 4), which method comprises at least the following step: — the gases in the hearth (6) and/or flue gas duct (18) of the fireplace are controlled with a fire guide (21); characterized by the fact that the fire guide (21) is at least partially hollow, and that the empty interior space (25) of the fire guide is connected to the air duct (11, 12, 13) of the fireplace, whereby in the method, in addition: — air is led from the air duct (11, 12, 13) into the interior space of the fire guide (25), in which case — the fire guide (21) is cooled by the air supplied from the air channel (11, 12, 13). 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the inner space (25) of the fire guide (21) is surrounded by the walls (22, 23, 24) of the fire guide, at least one of which has at least one air opening (14, 15, 16), whereby in the method in addition: — air is directed from the inner space (25) of the fire controller (to the firebox (6) — and/or to the flue gas duct (18). 17. A method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the method is carried out in a fireplace (1, 2, 3, 4) according to one of the preceding claims 1-12. 9 QA O N O Nn I a E O O N N QA O N