FI129332B - A combustion air cassette, a fireplace with a combustion air cassette, a method for supplying combustion air, and a kit for retrofitting a combustion air cassette - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustion air cassette (10) for supplying combustion air at different height levels in a combustion chamber of a fireplace. The combustion air cartridge (10) comprises a hollow primary air cartridge (11) and at least one hollow secondary air cartridge which is connected to the primary air cartridge (11) by an air flow, and an air intake (35). Via the air intake, combustion air is arranged to flow into the primary air cassette (11) and from the primary air cassette (11) to the lower part of the combustion chamber via primary air supply holes (15) on the upper surface of the primary air cassette (11) and to at least one secondary air cassette (12) for preheating, and from which secondary air cassette (12) the preheated secondary air is arranged to flow into the combustion chamber from at least those secondary air supply holes (16) located at the height level of the upper combustion chamber on top of the wood insert burning on the primary The invention also relates to a fireplace (50) comprising a combustion air cassette (10), a method of supplying combustion air for a wood insert burning in the combustion chamber of the fireplace, to different height levels of the combustion chamber of a combustion air cassette (10). for a combustion air cartridge for a fireplace (50).

Description

Combustion air cartridge, fireplace with combustion air cartridge, method for supplying combustion air and combustion air cartridge retrofit kit

The present invention relates to a combustion air cartridge for a fireplace, a fireplace comprising a combustion air cartridge according to the invention, a method of supplying combustion air to a wood insert in a fireplace hearth at different heights, and a combustion air cartridge retrofit kit according to the invention.

Background Serious efforts have been made to reduce emissions from burning wood in fireplaces in order to improve air quality.

When a conventional grate is used in a fireplace and a wood insert, for example chopped firewood, is placed on the grate for combustion, the only combustion air is often the primary air passing through the grate arranged below the wood insert.

The gases released from this wood charge burn with the wood charge; which further increases the heat of the wood input, which in turn increases gasification.

As a result, the primary air is not sufficient to burn all the gases released, and thus a large amount of hydrocarbons and soot remain unburned in the fireplace.

Such combustion with insufficient oxygen supply can lead to higher than desired emissions from wood burning.

The emission problem due to wood burning is even greater when the wood input is added to the glowing coal during the wood combustion process. & S There are also solutions in which the combustion air comprises, in addition to the primary air, secondary air, which is introduced above the wood charge by means of separate tube or cassette solutions.

Such a solution has the potential to reduce particulate and carbon dioxide emissions from fireplaces and non-combustible organic matter emissions.

In terms of climate, small particulate emissions from fireplaces; further reductions in carbon monoxide emissions and non-combustible organic matter N would be beneficial.

F1123547 describes a solid lump fuel burner comprising a body, at least one flue gas outlet at the top of the body for removing flue gases, a grate, a fuel area grate and a fuel area above the combustion area, and the burner being located in a furnace and a method to burn in a burner.

GB548026 describes a device for supplying air to fireplaces.

The device comprises a tubular body part placed on top of the grate and one end of which is arranged so that air can enter the device in front of the fireplace.

The air in the appliance heats up and flows into the firebox when heated.

CH 240716 describes a method and apparatus for supplying heated combustion air to a fuel charge burning in a fireplace hearth at different heights of the hearth (F).

Summary A combustion air cartridge for a fireplace has now been invented to conduct combustion air to a - fireplace; the primary air is led from under the wood charge to the lower part of the fireplace from the primary air cassette of the combustion air cassette and the secondary air cassette of the combustion air cassette is led there to the upper part of the hearth, from one, two or three fires.

Conducting secondary air to several different heights - within the furnace according to the height N of the combustion chamber of the combustible wood charge allows a sufficient supply of oxygen to the combustible wood charge throughout the combustion process N; from the initial stage of wood burning, when the fire is ignited and when the wood charge is high, to the final stage of wood burning, when the wood charge has burned to low carbon.

The combustion air cassette further comprises an air regulator z 30 adapted to adjust the size of the primary air supply holes so that the amount of primary air supplied to the furnace c is reduced and to close the primary air supply holes completely so that the combustion air cassette to be supplied to the furnace is only preheated.

The invention also relates to a method for supplying combustion air to a fireplace, a fireplace comprising a combustion air cartridge, and a combustion air cartridge retrofit kit.

The invention relates to a combustion air cassette which directs combustion air to different heights in a fireplace hearth.

The combustion air cartridge comprises a hollow primary air cartridge and at least one hollow secondary air cartridge connected to the primary air cartridge by airflow.

Through the air intake at the bottom of the combustion air cassette — combustion air is arranged to flow inside the primary air cassette and further into the lower part of the firebox below the wood air supply holes on the primary air cassette from the primary air supply holes and to heat up at least one secondary air cassette.

The secondary air preheated from the secondary air cassette flows into the furnace at least from the secondary air supply holes which are - at the height of the upper combustion chamber of the wood charge burning on top of the primary air cassette.

The combustion air cartridge further comprises an air regulator adapted to adjust the size of the primary air supply holes so as to reduce the amount of primary air supplied to the furnace and to close the primary air supply holes completely so that the combustion air supplied to the furnace from the combustion air cartridge is only preheated.

According to one embodiment, the secondary air supply holes are arranged in the secondary air cassette at at least two different heights.

According to one embodiment, the secondary air supply holes are arranged in the secondary air cassette - at several different heights.

According to one embodiment, the secondary air supply holes are arranged in the secondary air cassette at several different heights, from the lower part of the secondary air cassette to the upper part of the secondary air cassette.

According to one embodiment, the air intake of the combustion air cartridge is arranged below or in the lower part of the primary air cartridge.

According to one embodiment, the air intake of the combustion air cartridge comprises at least one restrictor to limit the amount of air flowing into the primary air cartridge.

According to one embodiment, the N combustion air cartridge comprises two or three secondary air cartridges connected by an air flow to the primary air cartridge so that the combustion air flows from the primary air cartridge to said two or three secondary air cartridges.

According to one embodiment, the combustion air cartridge comprises an elevation c below the secondary air cartridge. The invention further relates to a fireplace comprising a combustion air cartridge according to the invention and its various embodiments.

The invention further relates to a method for supplying combustion air to a wood charge burning in a firebox of a fireplace, at different heights of the firebox. The method comprises the following steps: receiving combustion air in the combustion air cassette through an air intake arranged in the lower part of the combustion air cassette. In the combustion air cassette, the combustion air is divided into primary air and secondary air, the primary air is supplied under the wood charge through the primary air supply holes of the primary air cassette, the secondary air is preheated in the secondary air cassette and the preheated secondary air is supplied through which are at the height of the upper combustion chamber of the burning wood charge. In addition, the method adjusts the size of the primary air supply holes with the air regulator of the combustion air cassette so that the amount of primary air supplied to the furnace is reduced or so that the combustion air supplied to the furnace from the combustion air cassette is only preheated secondary air.

- According to one embodiment, the method further recirculates the secondary air around the air distributor of the secondary air cassette by heating the secondary air in the secondary air cassette before supplying the secondary air to the upper combustion chamber of the wood fuel burning in the furnace. According to one embodiment, the method further comprises exchanging the air supply holes used for supplying the preheated secondary air to air supply holes at a level corresponding to the respective upper combustion space of the wood charge burning in the firebox. According to one embodiment, the method further closes the primary air supply holes of the combustion air cartridge, and continues to supply only the secondary air.

The invention further relates to a combustion air cartridge retrofit kit for a fireplace, wherein the combustion air cartridge retrofit kit comprises a combustion air cassette according to the invention and its various embodiments.

3 = Brief Description of the Drawings The various embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1a shows a top view of a combustion air cassette according to an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 1b is a top perspective view of a combustion air cartridge according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2a is a top perspective view of a combustion air cartridge according to Embodiment 5 with the primary air supply holes open; top view of a combustion air cartridge according to an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 3b shows a cross-sectional view of the combustion air cartridge of Fig. 3a at line AA, Fig. 3c shows a cross-sectional view of the combustion air cartridge of Fig. 3a at line BB, Fig. 3d shows a bottom view of Fig. 3a N, Fig. 3f shows a bottom view of another alternative embodiment of the combustion air cartridge of Fig. 3a, = Figs. 4a-f each show a perspective view from above of a combustion air according to an embodiment of the invention. cassette, a

O = Figure 5a shows a front view of a fireplace comprising an embodiment of the invention.

LO S type combustion air cartridge,

Fig. 5b shows a cross-section of the fireplace of Fig. 5a of the invention along the line D-D,

Figures 6a-d each show a cross-sectional side view of a wood batch combustion process in connection with a combustion air cassette according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7a shows a front view of a combustion air cartridge according to an embodiment of the invention and its airflows, Fig. 7b shows a top view of a combustion air cartridge according to Fig. 7a and its airflows, Fig. 8 Fig. 9b is a front perspective view of a combustion air cassette according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 10 shows a method for supplying combustion air to a fireplace 3 at different heights, Fig. 11a shows a perspective view from above of a combustion air cassette according to an embodiment of the invention,

S | Fig. 11b is a top perspective view of a combustion air cartridge for a heater according to an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 11c is a top perspective view of a combustion air cartridge for a heater according to an embodiment of the invention. - Detailed description A fireplace can mean ordinary fireplaces, heat storage fireplaces, fireplaces, hearths, open fireplaces and stoves used to heat detached houses or other buildings or premises. However, burning wood in fireplaces causes emissions and particles from the burning of wood, sometimes even significant amounts, if there is not enough air, ie oxygen, available for the wood input. From a climate perspective, emissions and particles from wood burning, especially impure ones, and black carbon, which accelerates climate change, are fireplaces. an unwanted by-product of wood burning processes. For example, when a conventional slot grate is used in a fireplace and a wood batch, such as firewood, is placed on that grate, the primary air passing through the grate placed under the wood bundle may be the only combustion air in the wood burning process. In this case, the gases released from the wood charge - burn with the wood charge, which further increases the heat of the wood charge, which in turn increases the gasification. And primary air is usually not enough to burn all these released gases. The emission problem is further exacerbated when new firewood is added to the charcoal of the hot wood charge during the combustion process.

N By arranging a sufficient amount of air for burning the wood charge, not only below the wood charge (primary air), but also especially just above the wood charge, ie 3 ns. In the upper combustion chamber, where the flames are and where the combustion of the gaseous substances in the wood takes place (secondary air), the amount of E 30 particles from the combustion of the wood can be reduced by up to 90%. Such conduction of combustion air to the point where it is most needed in each case can be realized with a combustion air cartridge according to embodiments of the present invention, which measures combustion air consisting of both primary and secondary air in different | to the heights of the firebox. The combustion air cassette comprises a horizontal hollow primary air cassette, e.g.

The proportion of primary air in the combustion air flowing into the combustion air cartridge leaves the primary air cartridge. through primary air supply holes provided in the upper surface of the primary air cassette on which the wood charge is burned.

No primary air flows from the primary air cartridge into the firebox other than through the air supply holes on its upper surface, e.g. from the sides or front of the primary air cartridge.

In addition to the horizontal primary air cartridge, the combustion air cartridge comprises at least one generally vertical hollow secondary air cartridge into which a portion of the secondary air from the combustion air flows to preheat, for example, the primary air cartridge.

The secondary air cassette or cassettes may also be at an angle to the primary air cassette so that the cassette or cassettes are tilted away from the primary air cassette, i.e. the center of the combustion air cassette.

The secondary air cassette has secondary air supply holes at different heights in the so-called front surface of the secondary air cassette, which faces - the combustion air cassette when the combustion air cassette is in the firebox, so that the secondary air cassette can always the height thus depends on the stage of the wood combustion process and / or the amount of firewood loaded on top of the primary air cassette.

The preheated secondary air supply ensures the fullest possible combustion of the gases from the combustible wood charge by providing the correct / sufficient amount of oxygen to the gases in the upper combustion chamber.

The more turbulent the secondary airflow, the better the gases and combustion air mix in the furnace and the cleaner the combustion.

Thus, the combustion air cartridge according to embodiments of the present invention oxidizes the wood combustion process more efficiently, resulting in even less emissions and particles, because the wood charge burns more efficiently and cleaner when air is conducted not only from under the wood charge but also from the fire. 3 laan, to flames.

The diameter of the air supply holes in both primary and secondary air cassettes can be, for example, 2-30mm, for example 10mm, 15mm or z 30 20mm.

The air supply holes may also have collars c away from the surface of the cartridges in some embodiments.

In addition, in some embodiments, the air supply refs of the cassettes may have a different diameter than other air supply reps or air supply holes at different heights in the secondary air cassette.

Secondary the area of the air supply holes in the air cassette must be less than or equal to the air intake of the lower part of the secondary air cassette through which the air flows.

to the secondary air cassette, the surface area to allow mixing of the combustion air and gases in the furnace, efficient preheating of the secondary air in the secondary air cassette, and a sufficiently large volume flow to the secondary air cassette.

In this way, the flow of air through the secondary air cartridge is accelerated and a sufficient amount of secondary air is obtained in the furnace at the right place in the combustion process.

at the time of combustion of the combustion process.

The operation of the combustion air cartridge according to embodiments of the present invention is thus based on oxidation of the combustion process according to the combustion stage, i.e. combustion phasing, turbulent mixing of combustion air and gases, efficient supply of air to the upper combustion zone, and secondary air preheating.

These, when properly optimized, reduce total emissions, gases, particulates and black soot.

Combustion phasing refers to the ratio of the primary and secondary airflow feeds to the combustion zone and can be accomplished by a primary air cassette and at least one secondary air cassette in which the secondary air is heated by a combustion process before the secondary air is supplied to the furnace. .

Preheated secondary air contributes to reducing emissions from wood burning.

The thermal energy released from the combustion process on top of the primary air cassette heats the air mass inside the secondary air cassettes with radiant heat, as well as convection.

The higher and accelerated air flow into the secondary air cassette is due to the thermal expansion of the air volume in the secondary air cassette caused by the temperature change, the vacuum caused by the flue effect in the entire furnace the area of the lower air intake has a significant effect on the air velocity inside the secondary air cassette.

This creates 3 pressure differences between the furnace and the secondary air cassette, and between the secondary air cassette and its air intake, i.e. the lower part of the secondary air cassette.

Adjust the area of the secondary air cassette air intake, i.e. the hole in the lower part c of the secondary air cassette, from which air flows into the secondary air cassette to the area of the primary air cassette air intake, i.e. the air intake of the combustion air cassette, and adjust the ratio of these areas to the change in secondary air cassette and furnace temperatures, the combustion process can be

to make emissions even lower. It is easier to adjust the air volumes for the combustion process by using a primary air cassette according to the invention instead of a slit grate.

—Airflow turbulence increases more with contractions of combustion air cartridges, which also accelerate airflow. In the combustion air cassette and cassette, the air flow can be restricted in the air intake duct, i.e. the air intake opening of the primary air cassette, by arranging its surface area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the primary air cassette. The air can be further throttled with both - primary and secondary air supply trays. The chokes can thus be used to increase the turbulence of the air flow and to increase the velocity of the air flow, which helps to mix the gases and combustion air from wood combustion in the firebox and thus contributes to reducing emissions.

- Air is supplied to the furnace from the primary and secondary air supply holes, which allow sufficient oxygen to be supplied to several individual focal points in the furnace. The air supply holes are located in the combustion air cassette in the direction of the X and Y axes, so that air can be supplied comprehensively to the entire area of the wood charge. That is, the combustion air cassette conducts air - to the lower part of the hearth of the fireplace under the wood charge with the air supply recesses of the primary air cassette and to the hearth with air supply holes arranged at several different heights of the at least one secondary air cassette. The ability to introduce primary air under the wood charge inside the fireplace, i.e. the hearth, allows a sufficient supply of air and oxygen when the wood charge is ignited. And the ability to bring secondary air to different heights inside the fireplace, or furnace, allows sufficient supply of air N and oxygen to the upper combustion chamber, i.e. the firebox, throughout the N wood burning phase. The secondary air cassette can thus bring air onto the wood charge into the upper combustion chamber, from the beginning of the wood burning stage 3, when the fire is ignited and when the pile is high, to the end of the wood burning stage z 30, when the wood charge has almost burned to charcoal. The secondary air cassette can also supply air to the full height of the firewood charge if the charge is not placed against the secondary air supply holes, although the most efficient air always flows into the upper combustion chamber of the fire. Embodiment of the present invention the combustion air cartridge according to the shapes can also be a retrofit or refurbishment kit for the fireplace, when the combustion air cartridge is raised on top of the existing grate so that the primary air cartridge is on the grate and the secondary air cartridge or cartridges against the furnace walls, on one, two or three sides . The combustion space of the wood charge remains at the grate, but on top of the primary air cassette instead of the grate. The combustion air cartridge according to the embodiments of the invention can also be a retrofit or renovation kit for a grate-free fireplace. In this case, the combustion air cartridge is provided with elevations and the cartridge is placed at the bottom of the fireplace. It should be noted, however, that the combustion air cartridge according to embodiments of the invention may also be a pre-integrated part of the fireplace.

- As already mentioned above, when a sufficient amount of air is made available just above the wood input when burning wood, the amount of particles can be reduced by up to 90%. Although there are several air supply holes in the secondary air cassette that are not covered by the wood charge, the upper fire chamber is the main area to which the secondary air is mainly conducted because the vortex of the upper fire chamber causes secondary air to flow from the secondary air supply openings. at the height of the hearth. Thus, the design of a secondary air cassette with a plurality of air supply holes arranged at different heights is suitable for producing air in the upper combustion chamber of the fire at all stages of wood burning, from start to finish, thus making the combustion process more efficient and cleaner. The diameter of the secondary air supply holes can be, for example, 2-30 mm, for example 10 mm, i.e. they are quite point-like. If the air supply holes are very large or vertically elongated, the secondary air may not flow to exactly the right height in the firebox and / or be turbulent and / or fast and / or the desired temperature to make the combustion process as clean as possible, even if the combustion process is less also when using larger or elongated holes.

N 3 Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1-8. 3 It should be noted, however, that the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. In fact, different embodiments can be combined and applied c in any environment where a combustion air cassette can be used, = even in a sauna heater or yard grill. Some of the combustion air cassettes S in the images are shown in cross-sectional views so that the location of the air intake openings and air supply holes N in the combustion air cassettes can be seen more clearly.

Figure 1a is a top perspective view of a combustion air cassette 10 according to an embodiment of the invention. in the first part of the cassette 10, which is the lower part of the cassette 10, for taking air inside the hollow body of the combustion air cassette 10 so that air flows both to the primary air cassette 11 and to the secondary air cassette 12 connected thereto via the primary air cassette 11. Examples of air intakes are shown, for example, in Figures 3d and 3f. The combustion air cassette 10 has both a plurality of primary air supply holes 15 for conducting primary air out of the primary air cassette body 11 for the wood charge arranged on top of the primary air cassette 11 and secondary air supply holes 16 for discharging secondary air out of the secondary air cassette body 12 11 on a wooden stack. The primary air supply holes 15 are arranged on the upper surface of the primary air cassette 11 and the secondary air supply holes 16 are arranged on the front surface of the secondary air cassette 12 so that the holes 16 are on the firebox side of the cassette 12. The cassettes 11 and 12 are connected to each other so that the primary The surfaces of the air supply holes 15, 16 facing the fireplace of the air cassette 11 and the secondary air cassettes 12 are at an angle of about 90 degrees to each other. However, it is also possible to arrange the secondary air supply holes on the sides of the secondary air cassette, for example, which are not facing the firebox and the combustible wood charge. The number of air supply holes 15, 16 and their locations / location heights can be freely selected according to, for example, the fireplace, but they are essentially at several points on the same surface of the cassettes 11 or 12.

NN The combustion air cassette 10 is arranged to be placed inside the fireplace so that its secondary air cassettes 12 are located against / near the walls of the firebox, in this embodiment of the three secondary air cassettes 12, and against the rear and side walls of the firebox. an air cassette 11 such that the primary air cassette 11 is on top of the fireplace grate and the air intake is down to allow air to flow from the air intake to the combustion air cassette 10 and further through the cassettes 11, 12 from the air supply holes 15, 16 to the firebox. The primary air supply holes 15 of the primary air cassette N 11 are arranged to be adjustable in size, they can be closed completely or their opening can be limited by using

the air regulator 18 of the air cassette 10, by adjusting the position of which the metal plate moves in front of the holes 15 in the primary air cassette 11 either partially or completely.

It may be necessary to close the primary air, for example, when it is desired to limit the combustion air and the combustion event to the amount of primary air coming through the lower part when the wood charge has already ignited.

Inside the body of the hollow secondary air cassette 12, the air is preheated as the wood charge is burned on top of the primary air cassette 11 on the grate.

The secondary air preheated through the secondary air supply holes 16 of the secondary air cassette 12 is arranged to flow from the secondary air cassette 12 to the fireplace and above the combustible wood charge and the upper combustion chamber arranged on the primary air cassette 11.

The idea of the air supply holes 12 arranged at different heights from the bottom of the fireplace is that the preheated secondary air can always be led to flames, regardless of the stage of combustion and / or the height of the wood insert.

It is possible that the preheated secondary air is also led to other heights, but mainly at least to the height of the top of the wood charge.

The combustion air cartridge 10 and its secondary and primary air cartridges 12, 11 may be made of, for example, stainless steel or black iron.

The thickness of the material can be, for example, 1-10 mm.

It is further possible that the combustion air cassette 10 has more than one air intake, the air intake is divided, or that at least one air intake is located in a part other than the lower part of the cassette 10.

Cassette 10 - may, for example, comprise at least one air intake opening in the rear part N of the cassette 10 or in one or two edges of the cassette 10, for example in the lower N part of the cassette 10.

In addition, it is possible that air is introduced into the cassette 10 from outside the 3 spaces where the fireplace is located. Fig. 1b shows a combustion air cassette 19 according to an embodiment of the invention in a perspective view from above.

The combustion air cartridge 19 of this embodiment differs from the combustion air cartridge 10 of FIG. .

The secondary

Due to their shape, the air supply holes 16 may be larger in area than the total secondary air supply holes 16 of Figure 1a, which may slow the flow of secondary air into the furnace and reduce turbulence with the embodiment of Figure 1a. in the evening. In this embodiment of Fig. 1b, the primary air supply holes 15 of the primary air cassette 11 are also elongated, but they could also be similar to the combustion air cassette 10 of Fig. 1a. the opening can be limited by using the air regulator 18 of the combustion air cassette 19, the position of which moves the metal plate in front of the openings 15 in the primary air cassette 19 either partially or completely.

Fig. 2a shows a top perspective view of a combustion air cassette 20 according to an embodiment when the primary air supply holes 21 are open and Fig. 2b shows the combustion air cassette 20 of Fig. 2a when the primary air supply holes 21 are closed to prevent the flow of primary air only from the combustion air cassette 20 secondary air. Closing is accomplished by moving the perforated / orifice adjustment plate within the primary air cassette of the combustion air cassette 20 by means of an air regulator 22. The size of the air supply holes 21 can be reduced or completely closed. When the holes in the control plate are fully aligned with the air supply holes 21, the holes 21 are fully open, when the holes in the control plate are partially aligned with the air supply holes 21, the holes 21 are partially open / closed and the amount of primary N the holes are not at all aligned with the air supply holes 21, so the holes 21 are completely closed, i.e. no primary air flows into the furnace at all. It is also possible that only part of the holes can be closed / adjusted by means of the air regulator 3 22 and the adjusting plate, for example E 30 = those holes 21 in the middle of the primary air cassette 23 on which the wood insert is mainly placed or the holes in the middle can be left = not closed / unadjusted.

S N Figure 3a shows from above a combustion air cartridge 30 according to an embodiment.

air cassette 32. No air flows from the secondary air cassette 32 to another, only from the air intake of the combustion air cassette 30 (35 in Figures 3b-3f) to the primary air cassette 31 and the primary air cassette 31 through the primary air supply holes 33 to the firebox and from the primary air cassette 31 to the secondary air cassette. and from the secondary air cassettes 32 further through the secondary air supply holes 34 to the firebox in the respective upper combustion chamber of the wood charge. Figures 3b show a cross-sectional view of the combustion air cartridge 30 of Figure 3a taken along line A-A. In this angle of view, the air intake 35 is at the bottom. The secondary air cassettes 32 intended against the side walls of the firebox rise perpendicularly upward from the edge areas of the primary air cassette 31. Some of the primary air supply holes 33 and the secondary air supply holes 34 are also shown in Figure 3b. Fig. 3c shows a cross-sectional view of the combustion air cartridge 30 of Fig. 3a at line B-B. Also in this angle of view, the air intake opening 35 is at the bottom. From the primary air cassette 31 to the rear wall of the firebox, the secondary air cassette 32 extends perpendicularly upward. Some of the primary air supply holes 33 and the secondary air supply holes 34 are also shown in Figure 3c.

Figure 3d shows an alternative embodiment of the combustion air cartridge 30 of Figure 3a from below, i.e. from the bottom direction. The primary air supply holes 33 are also visible from below through the air intake opening 35 in the bottom of the primary air cassette 31. The area of the air intake opening 35 of the combustion air cassette 30 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the primary air cassette 31.

N N Fig. 3e shows a cross-sectional view of the combustion air cartridge 30 at line 3C-C in Fig. 3d. In this angle of view, the air intake 35 is shown at the top 3 and the secondary air cassettes 32 extend perpendicularly downward from the primary air cassette 31. The portion of the primary air supply holes 33 and the secondary air supply holes 34 are also shown in Fig. 3e.

R S Fig. 3f is a bottom view of Fig. 3a | of an alternative embodiment to the lower part of the combustion air cassette 30 from below, i.e. from the direction of the bottom. The size of the surface area of the air intake 35 of the primary air cassette 31 is limited in this embodiment by closing the corner areas of the air intake 35, i.e. by preventing air from flowing into the combustion air cassette 30. These metallic pieces covering part or parts of the air intake 35 may be called The primary air supply holes 33 are also visible through the air intake port 35. In this embodiment, the area of the air intake port 35 of the combustion air cartridge 30 is proportionally even smaller than the cross-sectional area of the primary air cartridge 31 when compared to Fig. 3d. The number of stops 36 may be different and may be at a different location in the air intake opening 35 than shown in this embodiment.

Figures 4a-e each show an oblique perspective view of a combustion air cassette according to an embodiment of the invention. The combustion air cassette 40 of Figure 4a has a horizontal primary air cassette and two vertical secondary air cassettes vertically connected to the primary air cassette, one for the side wall of the furnace and the other for the rear wall. Between / between the corners of the secondary air cassettes there is an angular guide 47 intended to prevent secondary air from flowing out of the area between or between the cassettes, e.g. behind the combustion air cassette 40. The structure of the guide 47 is not hollow, so no air flows from the cassettes to each other or to the guide 47. The guide 47 can also be of a different design, i.e. it can connect the cassettes to each other without an angle.

The combustion air cartridge 41 of Figure 4b has a horizontal primary air cartridge and two vertical secondary air cartridges connected to the primary air cartridge for the opposite side walls of the furnace. There is no guide between the secondary air cassettes in this embodiment, but the secondary air cassettes N are separate from each other and are connected and attached only to the primary air cassette N to allow air to flow from the primary air cassette to the secondary air cassettes.

XY E 30 - The combustion air cartridge 42 of Figure 4c has a horizontal primary air cartridge and c has a vertical secondary air cartridge connected vertically to the primary air cartridge. The Se- = secondary air cassette is intended for the (right) S side wall of the furnace in this embodiment.

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The combustion air cartridge 43 of Figure 4d has a horizontal primary air cartridge and a vertical secondary air cartridge connected vertically to the primary air cartridge. The secondary air cassette in this embodiment is for the rear wall of the furnace.

The combustion air cassette 44 of Figure 4e has a horizontal primary air cassette and two secondary air cassettes connected to the primary air cassette for opposite sidewalls of the furnace. Between / between the secondary air cassettes there is a guide 48 of almost the size of the rear wall of the firebox, which is also intended to prevent secondary air from flowing out of or between the cassettes, e.g. behind the combustion air cassette 44, and to direct the air to the fire itself. The structure of this guide 48 is also not hollow, so no air flows from the secondary air cassettes to each other or to the guide 48. The guide 48 can also be of a different design than in the figure, i.e. it can connect the cassettes to each other, e.g. with a gentle arc. The combustion air cassette 45 of Figure 4f has a horizontal primary air cassette and three vertical secondary air cassettes connected to the primary air cassette, which are intended for the opposite side walls and the rear wall of the furnace. There is no guide between the secondary air cassettes in this embodiment, but the secondary air cassettes are separate from each other and are connected and attached only to the primary air cassette to allow air to flow from the primary air cassette to the secondary air cassettes. Fig. 5a shows a front view of a fireplace 50 comprising a combustion air cassette 51 according to an embodiment N. The combustion air cassette 51 is arranged in the firebox 53 of the fireplace N 50 so that its secondary air cassettes 57 are against or adjacent to the walls of the firebox 53. The primary air cassette 55 is arranged on the slot grate (not shown) of the 3 fireboxes 53. The side of the firebox 53 z 30 - (hatch 59 (shown in Fig. 5b)) does not have a secondary air cassette, but is used to feed and ignite the wood charge over the primary air supply holes of the primary air cassette 55 (shown = Fig. 5b). Combustion air can flow into the combustion air cassette 51 from the surrounding room or directly from outside the house, for example through the ash hatch 52. Inside the combustion air cassette 51, flows into the flames through the secondary air supply holes 54 of the combustion air cassette 51 and into the respective upper combustion chamber. - under the charge, at several points when the wood charge is ignited.Figure 5b is shown horizontally a cross-section of the fireplace 50 of Fig. 5a and the combustion air cassette 51 along the line D-D. Figure 5b shows the primary air cassette 55 and its primary air supply holes 58. In this embodiment, the supply holes 58 are circular, as are the air supply holes 54 of the secondary air cassettes 57, but may also be oval, elongate or rectangular, for example. The size of the supply holes 54, 58 may also be different relative to each other, or the same cartridge may have holes of different sizes, or the elongate holes may have only one (or more) secondary air cassette height levels. It should also be noted that the height and width of the combustion air cartridge 51 and the number of secondary air cartridges 57 can be freely selected, for example, based on the size and / or shape of the firebox 53 of the fireplace 50. In addition, the secondary air cartridges 57 may be of different sizes. Figures 6a-6d show the combustion process of a wood charge in connection with a combustion air cartridge 60 according to an embodiment of the invention. The combustion air cassette 60 is arranged on the grate (not shown) in the fireplace and a pile of combustion N trees 61 is arranged on the primary air cassette 62 of the combustion air cassette N 60. There are flames 63 above the trees 61. Figures 6a-6d show the clarity. or a cross-sectional view of one secondary air cassette 64, although there could be 2-3 secondary air cassettes. The supply of combustion air to the combustion air cartridge E 30 60 is shown in Figure 6a-6d by arrows 67.

O = In Fig. 6a the combustion process is just beginning, in the initial stage, the wood charge S is being ignited and the firewood 61 acting as a wood charge is high. N Flame 63 is really small and still low. Secondary air is not yet flowing from the secondary air cassette 64 because the burning wood charge is not yet warm.

measured a large amount of air in the secondary air cassette 64.

Thin arrows from the air supply holes 66 of the secondary air cassette 64 indicate a small secondary air flow over the entire wood charge area.

Since the combustion process has just begun, the primary air is supplied under the wood charge to several different points from the primary air cassette 62 through the air supply holes 62a of the primary air cassette 62.

Adequate oxygen supply during the ignition phase and the ignition of the entire wood charge at the beginning of the combustion process can be ensured at several different primary air supply points.

If the primary air is supplied for supply only from the vicinity of the furnace door, ie from the front of the furnace, then the entire area of the wood input may not be obtained - a sufficient amount of primary air is obtained.

The amount of primary air is adjustable by the air regulator 69 of the primary air cassette 62 so that its amount on the wood charge can be limited as the combustion process progresses, preventing the wood charge from burning with the wood charge. it is enough to burn all the gases released from the burning wood input, and thus a large amount of hydrocarbons and soot remain unburned and higher-than-desired emissions from wood burning can occur.

The primary air supply, i.e. the air supply openings 62a of the primary air cassette 62, can be closed by an air regulator 69 by means of which the perforated metal plate 69a can be moved inside the primary air cassette 62 in front of the air supply holes 62a after the preheated secondary air from the air cassette 64. The amount of primary air can be reduced by adjusting or reducing the size of the air supply holes 62a of the primary air cassette - 62 with the air regulator 69. - 3, because then all the combustion air flowing into the combustion air cartridge 60 is fed to the combustion process as preheated secondary air.

E 30 o In Figure 6b, the combustion process has progressed and the combustion process is in the full-fire stage.

The secondary air is preheated and flows into the firebox.

This maximum secondary airflow point S is indicated by an arrow 65, the smaller arrows from the air supply holes 66 of the secondary air cassette 64 indicate a smaller — secondary airflow that can be fed to the entire wood input area.

The amount of primary air has already been reduced by adjusting or reducing the size of the air supply holes 62a of the primary air cassette 62 by the air regulator 69, which allows the perforated metal plate 69a to be moved partially in front of the air supply holes 62a inside the primary air cassette 62.

In Figure 6c, the combustion process has progressed to the middle stage and the wood input is lower. The combustion process is in the middle stage. The combustion air is introduced here into the upper combustion chamber as secondary air and from the lower secondary air supply hole 66 compared to Fig. 6b. This maximum secondary airflow is again indicated by the arrow 65. The primary air supply is already completely shut off by closing the air supply holes 62a of the primary air cassette 62 with the air regulator 69 by means of which the perforated metal plate 69a is moved inside the primary air cassette 62. in front of the air supply holes 62a.

- In Figure 6d, the combustion process has continued and the wood charge has burned almost completely. The combustion process is in its final stages. The combustion air is still preheated secondary air and the largest amount of it is again led to the upper combustion chamber of the fire, but from an even lower secondary air supply hole 66. This secondary air flow is again marked by arrow 65.

Figure 7a shows a front view of a combustion air cassette 70 according to an embodiment of the invention and its airflows. The combustion air cassette 70 comprises a primary air cassette 72 and three secondary air cassettes 71. The combustion air 75a flows into the combustion air cassette 70 through an air intake 75, i.e. an air intake duct. Combustion air - can flow into the combustion air cassette from the 70 surrounding rooms or directly from outside the house N, for example through an ash hatch. In the primary air cartridge 72 of the combustion air cassette 70, the combustion air 75a is divided into a primary air 74a flowing into the firebox through the primary air supply holes 74 3 under the primary air supply 72 and second c to secondary air 73a flowing through the air supply holes 73. In this = embodiment, the arrows of the primary air 74a and the arrows of the secondary air S 73a are equally strong and long, even if fed to the furnace. The ratios and quantities of primary and secondary air volumes may vary - at different stages of the fire process and at different points in the cartridges, e.g. wooden

its location, the stage of the fire process, the height of the wood insert, the temperature, etc.

For example, at the beginning of the combustion process, after the ignition phase, the amount of primary air 74a may be 80% or more of the combustion air (primary air supply holes 74 are fully open), but during the most intense combustion phase, the amount of secondary air 73a increases. may be, for example, 50-90% or more if the primary air supply holes 74 are reduced in size or closed by the controller 76 (shown in Figure 7b), and at the end of the combustion stage the amount of secondary air 73a is 100% if the primary air the air supply holes 74 are closed.

The percentages at different stages of the fire process may vary depending on the factors mentioned above.

Fig. 7b shows a top view of the combustion air cassette 70 of Fig. 7a and its airflows.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a combustion air cassette 80 according to an embodiment of the invention corresponding to the line B-B shown in Fig. 3a.

This combustion air cassette 80 shows air distributors 86 inside the secondary air cassettes 82. Such an air distributor 86 divides the secondary air cassette 82 into two parts, whereby the air entering the cassette 82 travels a longer distance therein and thus also receives more heating, the secondary air has in secondary air cassettes 82 ns. double cycle.

In this case, too, air flows to the secondary air cassettes 82 from the primary air cassettes 81, to which it has flowed from the air intake 85. The secondary air in the cassettes 82 travels up the outer edge of the cassettes 86 no secondary air supply holes 84. Upon reaching the top of the secondary air cassette 82 where the air divider 86 terminates, the secondary air turns downward and exits the secondary air cassette 82 at a location appropriate to the combustion process. from manholes to 84 fireboxes.

It is possible that all secondary air cassettes 82 of the combustion air cassette 80 have an air distributor or only a part of the secondary air cassettes 82. Figure 9a is a front elevational view of a combustion air cassette 90 according to an embodiment of the invention such as an open fireplace S or the like.

This combustion air cassette 90 comprises, in addition to the primary air cassette 91 N and the secondary air cassettes 92, an extension 93. The combustion air cassette 90 according to the embodiment is arranged to be placed especially on the bottom of the grateless fireplace.

The elevation 93 allows combustion air to be drawn in through the lower end of the combustion air cartridge 90, below the primary air cartridge 91.

In this embodiment, there is a separate raised portion under each secondary air cassette 92, but the raised 93 may also be uniform for all secondary air cassettes 92, such an increase being shown in Figure 9b.

The walls in front of the raised portions of Fig. 9a, i.e. toward the center of the cassette 90, are not up and thus the combustion air flows into the combustion air cassette 90 in addition to the air intake (not shown in Fig. 9a) below the primary air cassette 91 at an angle of e.g.

The angle can also be smaller.

When air does not enter the combustion air cassette 90 at a 90 ° angle, it flows more easily into the cassette 90 and the flow is more efficient.

If the combustion air flowing into the combustion air cassette 90 impinges on the wall of the cassette 90 at an angle of 90 °, back pressure may be exerted and the cassette 90 will not operate at the desired efficiency or at all.

In addition to the air intake openings 94 now shown, the air intake opening 93 can also be provided in other parts of the elevation 93.

Fig. 9b is a front elevational view of a combustion air cassette 90a according to an embodiment of the invention for a grate-free fireplace such as an open fireplace.

This combustion air cartridge 90a comprises a primary air cartridge 91, secondary air cartridges 92 and a riser 95. In this embodiment, all combustion air enters the combustion air cartridge 90a from the direction in which the opening 95 is left through, in this embodiment through the front of the combustion air cartridge 90a.

In this case, the flow of combustion air into the combustion air cartridge 90a can be facilitated by arranging the elevation 95 so high that the combustion air can flow at a gentle angle into the cartridge 90a.

If the elevation 95 is very low, e.g. less than 3 cm, then the combustion air does not flow into the cartridge 90a as smoothly as in the embodiment of the previous figure 9a or at a high elevation, and the combustion air cartridge 90a may not operate as efficiently. Fig. 9c is a front perspective view of the combustion air cassette 90 according to the embodiment c of Fig. 9a. - N sin 96. The purpose of the glass 96 is to increase the vacuum formed in the combustion air cartridge 90 relative to the environment of the cartridge 90 and thereby allow the combustion air to

the most efficient operation of the cassette 90. Any other suitable material may be used in place of the tempered glass 96, but the glass as the material allows the combustion process to be monitored.

Fig. 9 is a front elevational view of the combustion air cartridge 90 according to the embodiment of Fig. 9c. The purpose is to further increase the vacuum formed in the combustion air cartridge 90 relative to the environment of the cartridge and thus enable the combustion air cartridge 90 to operate as efficiently as possible. Hood 97 can also be used without glass 96, just as glass 96 can be used without hood 97.

- The air supply holes of the primary air cartridges 91 of the combustion air cartridges 90, 90a of Figs. The elevations shown in Figures 9c-9d may be of a different design from those shown in the figures, as long as they allow combustion air to be supplied to the combustion air cartridge. Also, the hood 97 of Figure 9d is just an example of a possible hood pattern. Glass 96 and / or hood 97 may also be used with the combustion air cartridge 90a of Figure 9b.

Figure 10 shows a method 100 for supplying combustion air to a fireplace at different heights through the air supply holes of the primary air cartridge of the combustion air cartridge and the air supply holes arranged at different heights in at least one secondary air cartridge. The height of the supplied secondary air in the fireplace depends on the level of the burning wood charge 3 and the secondary air is supplied to the upper combustion chamber of the burning wood charge 3. Primary air is fed under the wood charge. In step 101, the combustion air flows into the combustion air cartridge through an air intake c arranged in the lower part of the combustion air cartridge, where the combustion air is divided into primary air = and secondary air flowing from the primary air cartridge to the secondary air cartridge. That is, in step 101, the combustion air cartridge receives the combustion air the world. In step 102, the primary air is supplied below the wood charge through the air supply holes in the upper surface of the primary air cassette. In step 103, the secondary air is preheated in the secondary air cassette. The method may also include a step 103a in which the secondary air circulates / circulates around the air distributor of the secondary air cassette, if such is present in the secondary air cassette, i.e. when preheating the secondary air in the secondary air cassette, the secondary air does so. double cycle. In step 104, the preheated secondary air is fed to the fireplace through at least the secondary air supply holes at the height of the combustion chamber of the combustible wood charge. In the further steps of the method 100, when the wood charge burns and consequently lowers, the air supply holes used to supply the preheated secondary air are replaced with air supply holes at a level corresponding to the respective upper combustion space of the wood fuel burning in the firebox. That is, the secondary air supply holes change to holes arranged at a lower level in the secondary air cassette as the height of the wood charge decreases as the combustion process progresses. At least some of the steps of the process 100 may also occur simultaneously as the combustion process proceeds. When trees are added to the burning wood charge and the height of the wood charge increases, the air supply holes in the upper level of the secondary air cassette are re-introduced in the combustion air cassette to supply secondary air to the upper combustion chamber.

Fig. 11a is a top perspective view of a combustion air cartridge 110 according to another embodiment of the invention for use in a furnace hearth, and Fig. 11b is a top perspective view of a combustion air cartridge 111 according to another embodiment of the invention. The secondary air cassettes for the side walls of the firebox of the combustion air cassette 111 of Fig. 11b have a bend. The side secondary air cassettes of the combustion air cartridge 112 of Fig. 11c are uncomplicated in construction, but depart from the primary air cartridge N diagonally outward, i.e., not perpendicularly upward, whereby the cross-section of the combustion air cartridge N becomes substantially v-shaped. Also in these combustion air cassettes 3, 110, the amount of primary air supplied to the firebox from the supply openings 3 above the primary air cassettes can be adjusted or completely z 30 - closed with the controls 113. The combustion air cassettes of the stoves, as well as collapsible (modular) = that is, can be assembled from two or more parts into a second combustion air cassette. This may be necessary in heaters, for example, because the doors of heaters or N other fireboxes can be quite small and can be difficult to get the combustion air cartridge ready for use in the firebox.

It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth above, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims. The embodiments of the combustion air cartridges shown in the various figures can also be combined. For example, one combustion air cartridge may comprise 1-3 different types and / or sizes of secondary air cartridges, different types and / or sizes of air supply holes in the secondary air cartridges and / or primary air cartridge, a restricted or unrestricted air intake or duct, one or the plurality of guides, to be without guides, comprises an increase with or without an air intake opening, openings, even if used in a grate fireplace, such as a fireplace or stove. etc.

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Claims (16)

Claims: A combustion air cartridge for conducting combustion air to different heights in a fireplace hearth, the combustion air cartridge (10) comprising a hollow primary air cartridge (11) and at least one hollow secondary air cartridge (12) air-connected to the primary air cartridge (11), and an air intake (35) ), through which combustion air is arranged to flow into the primary air cartridge (11), and from the primary air cartridge (11) to the lower part of the firebox from the primary air supply holes (15) in the upper surface of the primary air cartridge (11) and at least one secondary air cartridge (12) to preheat, and from which the secondary air preheated from the secondary air cassette (12) is arranged to flow into the furnace from at least those secondary air supply holes (16) above the primary air cassette (11) at the height of the combustion of the wood fuel, characterized in that the combustion air cartridge (10) further comprises an air regulator (18) adapted to adjust the size of the primary air supply holes (15) so that the supply to the furnace the amount of primary air supplied is reduced and the primary air supply holes (15) are completely closed so that the combustion air supplied to the furnace from the combustion air cartridge (10) is only preheated secondary air. The combustion air cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the secondary air supply holes (16) are arranged in the secondary air cartridge (12) at at least two different heights. The combustion air cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the secondary air supply holes (16) are arranged in the secondary air cartridge (12) at a plurality of different N heights. & S The combustion air cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the secondary air supply holes (16) are arranged in the secondary air cartridge (12) at a plurality of different E 30 heights from the lower portion of the secondary air cartridge (12) to the upper portion of the secondary air cartridge (12). S A combustion air cartridge according to claims 1-4, wherein the air intake opening (35) is arranged below the primary air cartridge (11). A combustion air cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the air intake (35) comprises at least one restrictor (36) for limiting the amount of air flowing into the primary air cartridge (11). A combustion air cartridge according to claims 1-6, comprising two or three secondary air cartridges (12) air-connected to the primary air cartridge (11) such that combustion air flows from the primary air cartridge (11) to said two or three secondary air cartridges (11). 12). The combustion air cartridge according to claims 1-7, wherein the combustion air cartridge (10) comprises an elevation (93) below the secondary air cartridge (12). A combustion air cartridge according to claims 1-7, wherein the combustion air cartridge (10) comprises a protrusion (93) in the lower part of the combustion air cartridge (10) and which - the combustion air cartridge (10) is arranged to be placed on the bottom of the fireplace. Fireplace, characterized in that the fireplace comprises a combustion air cartridge (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9. A fireplace according to claim 10, wherein the combustion air cartridge (10) is arranged such that the secondary air cartridge (12) is on either the side or back wall of the firebox. A method of supplying combustion air to a wood burning in a fireplace hearth at different heights of the hearth, the method comprising receiving N combustion air in an combustion air cassette (10) through an air intake (35) disposed in the lower portion of the combustion air cassette N (10). -air cartridge (11) to the primary air and 3 secondary air cartridge (12) to the secondary air, E 30 - supply primary air to the furnace through the primary air supply holes (15) on the upper surface of the primary air cartridge (11), = air in the secondary air cassette (12), and S supplies preheated secondary air to the fireplace through at least the secondary N air supply holes (16) at the height of the combustion chamber of the combustible wood charge, characterized in that the method further adjusts the size of the primary air supply holes (15) (10) with the air regulator (18) so that the amount of primary air supplied to the furnace is reduced or so n that the combustion air supplied to the furnace from the combustion air cartridge (10) is only preheated secondary air. The method of claim 12, further comprising circulating the secondary air in the secondary air cassette (12) around the air distributor (86) during preheating of the secondary air prior to supplying the preheated secondary air to the upper combustion chamber of the firebox. A method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the method further comprises exchanging the air supply holes (16) used to supply the preheated secondary air to air supply holes (16) at a level corresponding to the respective upper combustion space of the wood charge burning in the furnace. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein only the supply of secondary air to the upper combustion chamber of the combustible wood charge is continued when the primary air supply holes (15) of the combustion air cartridge (10) are closed. Fireplace air cassette retrofit kit, characterized in that the combustion air cassette retrofit kit comprises a combustion air cassette (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 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