FI123496B - Crematorium - Google Patents

Description

CREMATORIUM

The present invention relates to a crematorium or similar plant for incineration or incineration of human carcasses or animal carcasses.

These facilities are typically used e.g. in parishes and parish associations for the cremation of the dead and the so-called in small animal incineration plants e.g. for the cremation of pet carcasses.

10 Combustion air from currently used crematoria and similar facilities is led into the combustion chamber through its walls and roof, through openings in them. When the combustion chamber, the walls, bottom and roof of which are made of ceramic, refractory and highly thermally conductive / binding material, is heated by the so-called with the main burner sufficiently hot, the burner is stopped, the deceased or the animal carcass is placed in the combustion chamber and combustion air is introduced therefrom from the above-mentioned air vents. The ceramic structures glowing as fire and the combustion air supplied cause the combustible object placed in the combustion chamber, such as, for example, the coffin and the corpse inside, to burn without the use of additional fuel. At first, the combustion is more intense, but practice has shown that it fades towards the end. 20 The burning of the last remains of the deceased is considerably slower than that of the initial burning.

The prior art described above is presented e.g. in JP 9042622. co o 25

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cm Patent publication KR 20030081694 A presents a solution in which the combustion air

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cd is distributed from the fan along one supply pipe to the incineration trolley and

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x through air vents between gutters below the deceased.

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In the pet crematorium disclosed in JP 2008256237 A, the combustion air is directed from the fan along one supply pipe to the bottom of the fixed cremation rack 00 and distributed under the air openings therein under the carcass to be cremated.

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The main disadvantage of the prior art crematoria is the fading of the combustion power towards the end and the consequent prolongation of the process and incomplete combustion. Due to the flow paths of the combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber, the combustion process is slowed down regardless of the amount of air supplied, because without the om-5 remaining sufficiently efficiently in the self-combusting, ever-decreasing object in the prior art crematorium. When air enters from the sides of the elongated combustion chamber and from the ceiling, its flow is directed, due to the draft, to the flue gas outlet, to the openings in the side walls of the combustion chamber, from where the gases are led to the afterburner. Due to the unfavorable route 10 of the combustion air, the flue gases and the extraction air intersect in the combustion chamber, mix with each other to a harmful extent and thus impair the oxygen supply of the object to be combusted. The amount of air cannot be increased more than specified so as not to cause a cooling effect on the walls of the combustion chamber. The drop in temperature in the furnace, in turn, weakens the combustion again.

The object of the present invention is to provide a crematorium which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. The solution according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The main advantage of the solution according to the invention over the prior art is that in the crematorium according to the invention the extraction air can be directed very efficiently to the combustion target and that the flue gas path does not intersect with the combustion air path. As the co o 25 of the combustible object decreases, the extraction air can still be directed to it and thus return.

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cvj or cremation continues to be effective until the end. The time required for incineration in this way (q) is considerably shorter than the time required for incineration in the prior art, and this advantage is very significant in terms of the efficiency of congested crematoria, cö 30

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o In the texts of this document, the term "extraction air" refers not only to normal air but also to all other gases which, due to their oxygen content, can be used in the combustion process in the same way as air.

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The invention is described in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a crematorium according to the invention for cremation of a human body in three dimensions from the outside, Fig. 2 shows the crematorium mentioned in the previous section in longitudinal direction, cut from point AA in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows the crematorium in the previous sections , cut from the BB point indicated in Fig. 1, Fig. 4, shows the air nozzle of the crematorium according to the invention in three dimensions, seen from above, Fig. 5, shows the air nozzle mentioned in the previous paragraph, cut axially in the middle.

In the following, the assembly, structure and operation of a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained by way of example, with reference to the above-mentioned figures.

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Figure 1 shows an externally shaped crematorium used for cremating a dead person from the outside. The crematorium according to the invention is also typically of this shape. The outer shell 1 of the crematorium according to the present invention is made of steel plate and has a hatch 3 at its other end 2. Figures 2 and 3 show how the object 4 is burned, i.e. in this example the human body inside the coffins is placed on the bottom 6 of the combustion chamber 5 through the hatch 3. Before placing the coffin in the combustion chamber 5, the combustion chamber is heated so hot using the main burner 7 that the walls 8, the base 6 and the roof 9 made of ceramic refractory material 5 are at a temperature of about 800-900 degrees Celsius for their high temperature "25 surface layers. (Se-

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, these 8 and the roof 9 are multilayer according to the prior art, in which there is an insulating material behind the fire-resistant surface layer, in order to lower the surface temperature of the crematorium to the desired safe and otherwise advantageous level).

^ Natural gas or oil, for example, is used as fuel for the main burner 7. After heating overnight 30 the main burner is closed, the object 4 to be burned is placed in the combustion chamber e.g.

g according to the prior art by means of a loading trolley, the hatch 3 is closed and the destruction of the destruction cv is started by supplying the combustion air 10 to the combustion chamber 5 through air openings 11 made in its bottom 6. The combustion process, i.e. incineration, is initiated by the combined effect of the high temperature of the combustion chamber 5 and the oxygen supplied thereto. The direction of the combustion bridge 10 is thus naturally from the bottom upwards and thus substantially the entire amount of air to be supplied hits the combustion object 4. Air nozzles 12 are installed in the air openings 11. As the combustion process progresses, the amount to be burned 4 5 decreases, but its incineration continues to progress efficiently because the entire combustion air can be utilized in the combustion process. Fig. 4 shows the air nozzle 12 in three dimensions from above and in Fig. 5 a cross-section of this air nozzle in the axial direction from the center of the nozzle and it can be seen that the lower end of the air nozzle 12 has one air inlet duct 13 which is further divided into several smaller ducts 10 The flue gases 15 generated in the combustion process are then led through openings 16 in the side walls of the combustion chamber 5, along the flue gas ducts inside the walls 8, to the afterburner 17. The afterburner thus comprises a space under the base 6, on either side of its support structure 15 19. It should be noted that in the solution according to the invention, the direction of flue gas 15 exit from the combustion object 4 is substantially parallel to the combustion air 10 inlet route: combustion air towards the combustion object and flue gas away from it, whereby mixing is not possible. The afterburner 17 has a burner 18 in operation throughout the combustion process, by means of which small particles left unburned according to the flue gas 15 are burned and only after that the flue gases are led to their exhaust duct or to heat recovery devices. Due to the air intake system of the crematorium according to the invention, the amount of these non-combustible particles is small because the combustion in the combustion chamber 5 is very efficient.

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The air nozzles 12 can be made of, for example, high-temperature-resistant steel, in which case the ducts 13, 14 inside them are formed in them by some method according to the prior art. The surface of the duct 13 of the lower end of the air nozzle

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the area may be, for example, the sum of the areas of the upper end channels 14, or their areas 30 may have some other useful ratio. After manufacture, the nozzles o 12 are placed at the upper end of air openings ^ 11 made for them in a suitable size and shape. In order to keep the air nozzles in place, e.g.

gravity or some other useful means.

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The combustion air 10 of the crematorium according to the invention can be led to the air openings 11, e.g. through the bottom 6 of the combustion chamber 5, whereby one useful means of introducing the combustion air 10 to the air openings 11 is through the channel 20 formed inside the support structure 19 below the bottom structure.

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Ducts for the combustion air 10 can in some cases also be formed inside the actual bottom 6 of the combustion chamber 5, whereby the location of the air nozzles 12 does not depend on the location of the forming structure 19 under the base structure.

An embodiment of the invention may be a crematorium in which the supply of combustion air 10 to the air nozzles 12 can be adjusted as required. In this case, when the object 4 to be burned is smaller than normal or decreases, the air can be precisely directed only to the desired location in the combustion chamber 5.

If necessary, combustion air can also be taken into the crematorium according to the invention through air openings in the walls / ceiling. However, this type of air intake then acts as a secondary or complementary air intake system.

The combustion air 10 can also be preheated, in which case the heat to be bound to it is obtained, for example, preferably from the hot structures of the crematorium. An example of this is air ducts placed in wall, floor and / or ceiling structures. Figure 2 shows the air ducts 20 placed in the support structure 19 of the base 6, whereby heat is transferred from the support structure 19 to the combustion air 10.

co ς 25 The crematorium according to the invention can be equipped with a flue gas purifier 15

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^ to reduce air pollution and can also be equipped with heat energy recovery devices contained in the flue gases cp 15 to save energy.

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It should be noted that while this description has followed one type of embodiment preferred for the invention, it is not intended to limit the use of the invention to this type of example, but many modifications are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the claims.

Claims (1)

A crematorium in which the combustion air (10) used in the combustion process is arranged to lead to the combustion chamber (5) at least through the bottom (6) of the combustion chamber, through air openings (11) therein so that the flow direction of the combustion air (10) is substantially lower. that it is provided with flow control means for the combustion air (10) fed through the base (6), with which the combustion air (10) can be precisely controlled to this smaller or decreasing target (4) when the object (4) to be incinerated is smaller than normal. 10 co δ CM CM O CO o X IX o. 00 o σ> oo CM Krematorium där förbränningsluft (10) som man använder i förbränningsproces-sen har setts att komma till förbränningsrummet (5) ätminstone genom botten (6) och genom luftöppningar (11), som befinner sig där pä ett sädant Fig. 5 (5) of the strap (10) of the strap (10), of the strap (10), of the strap (10), of the strap (10), of the object (4) än normalt eller blir mindre, att förbränningsluft (10) kan ledas exakt audi detta Minde än normalt obj (4) eller objet som blir mindre. CO δ CM CM O CO o X cc CL CO o O) o o CM