FI118731B - Method and apparatus for increasing the utility surface of a lift basket - Google Patents

Description

118731

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GROWING THE USE OF A CAR CAR

The invention relates to a method as described in the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus as described in the preamble of claim 7 for increasing the useful area of an elevator car.

Elevator baskets, especially traction shafts, are generally assigned a weight limit that the total weight of the basket and the load must not be exceeded for safety reasons. If the weight limit is exceeded and the elevator car is overloaded, the friction between the elevator hoisting ropes and the traction sheave of the traction sheave may not be able to hold the elevator car in place, but the elevator car may start to move downward in the loading situation. Such unwanted movement, also known as crawling, poses a danger to passengers and is not allowed by law.

To prevent overload, lifts are fitted with overload protectors 20 which measure the load of the lift car and, in the event of an overload, prevent the start of the lift motor and keep the lift brake locked and signaled by various means of signaling,. that the elevator is overloaded. The elevator car will not be released • · ·; \ normal operation before the overload condition has disappeared. The problem is, however, • Mana is a previously mentioned creep whereby the traction ropes of the traction lift wheel slip the brake by holding * * · * ... · the traction sheave and the elevator car moves downwards causing danger- • «·, · · hips.

In addition to measuring overload and preventing possible creep, elevator cars of the prior art have a certain degree of certainty. dimensioned so that the elevator car can hold up to • • • · * * ^ so that the combined weight of the elevator car and the load is not * * likely to exceed the weight limit, that is to say, 35 the area is linked to the nominal load of the elevator. terrestrial. The disadvantage of this solution is that because the surface of the basket • φ · ·. ···. due to the weight limit, such * · elevators cannot carry bulky but relatively light loads.

Mechanical locking devices for the elevator car are also known from the prior art, for example from US4928796A. an-5 ti-creeping devices that lock the elevator car into place, either from the guide, the elevator hoisting rope, or any other suitable location with the help of a latch, a gripper or an extra brake to prevent the elevator car from moving downward. Hydraulic elevators often employ solutions in which the elevator car is mechanically gripped by the elevator shaft due to an oil leak or an unintentional reduction in the oil volume of the lifting cylinder. Various mechanical locking devices are used, for example, in freight elevators, whereby, for example, the tru-15 key can be inserted into the elevator car during loading and unloading. These locking devices are often individually switched on and off, for example by means of a push-button for this purpose, and are therefore not suitable as such for normal use of a person.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above drawbacks and to provide a reliable method and a cost-effective and reliable apparatus for increasing the useful space of the elevator car, particularly for use with a trolley elevator, which allows: regardless of weight limit. In particular, the invention seeks to provide a safe way to permit large transport • * ·:. *. loading area in relation to the load capacity of the lift. According to the invention, • · ». ···. this method is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Accordingly, the invention,. The apparatus of claim 30 is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim · · · *** · '. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is stated elsewhere:: * ·; claims.

35 Inventive embodiments are also disclosed in the description of this application. The inventive content contained in the application may also be defined otherwise than as set forth in the following claims. The inventive content can also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of its expressions or implicit subtasks, or in terms of the benefits or utility groups achieved. Thus, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be redundant for individual inventive ideas. Similarly, the various details presented in connection with each embodiment of the invention may also be used in other embodiments.

Hereinafter, the method and apparatus of the invention will be collectively referred to as the solution of the invention. An advantage of the solution according to the invention is the ability to build large his-15 cigars even if the weight limit otherwise specified on the cage is low. The elevator car can thus be constructed to a standard less than the capacity corresponding to the nominal load, allowing the elevator to carry goods of a large size but light in weight, such as furniture or prams. It is also an advantage that the car body structures can be lighter than a standard-size elevator car having the same volume, since an elevator car sized for a lighter load will have to carry • • ϊ, * · ί and strain lower than the standard load. Smaller in size: V: 25, the carrying capacity also results in energy savings. In a counterweight · "*; traction sheave lift, lighter load also means cost ··· I savings due to lower counterweight and a smaller counterweight • · · ·. ···. May also lead to lift shaft space savings. engine and engine, 30-market control units, making the elevator more economical in manufacturing and operating costs than the prior art elevator. With a smaller motor and control unit, ·: ** smaller fuses can be used and the power cord is; ***; less. For example, according to prior art surface ··· *. The 35,000-kg 5000 kg basket can be used in the solution of the invention as a 4,000 kg basket, so that all actuators can be sized according to a 4000 kg basket, but 118731 4 add 5,000 kg of the basket. The invention is well suited for use with a counterweight elevator.

The invention can be implemented by constructing a control on the existing braking or gripping devices of the elevator car which, when the elevator car is on the floor level, is activated to stop the elevator car if the elevator car intentionally moves beyond a predetermined distance. When the elevator car is controlled to move, such control to hold the elevator car close to 10 levels is disengaged. The control may be based, at least in part, on the load information of the lift or be completely independent of the load information. One way to accomplish this is to cause the elevator car to be tacked by a downward movement of the unintentional elevator car by stopping the speed limiter or the 15 speed limiter rope if, for example, it moves more than the previously allowed distance at the level of the elevator car. For example, stopping the speed limiter can be accomplished by adding an obstacle device to the speed limiter, which is always activated while the car is stationary, and which stops rotation of the speed limiter by means of 20 responses or by obstructions. Similarly, stopping the speed limiter rope can be done, for example, by adjusting the brake device to act on the speed limiter, • which can always be stopped by the Akti-25 while the elevator car is stationary, and • · more than ··:. pre-authorized trip.

• * ♦ • · · · · «· • · · ·

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by one. With reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a side elevational view and a schematic view of a *; *; in simplified form, the elevator shaft in which the elevator car ♦ ·· * .35 is normally stopped at the floor level, ·· * *** · Figure 2 schematically shows the main actuators of the solution according to the invention and their connection 5 118731 5 3 is a schematic side view of a solution according to a second embodiment of the invention using a speed limiter.

In order to understand the invention, the apparatus according to the invention and its operation will first be described.

Fig. 1 is a schematic and simplified view of a traction sheave elevator according to the invention, comprising at least an elevator hoisting machine 6 with a hoisting motor, a traction sheave 7, a counterweight 9, an elevator control system 11 and a hoist rope 2 such that the elevator car 2 of the drive wheel 7 is rotated by the friction between the drive wheel 7 and the hoisting rope 8 as the nos-15 ropes 8 rotate. In addition, the elevator car 2 is provided with a load measuring device 4, for example a balance, which measures the total weight of the elevator car and the load in the elevator car 2. According to the invention, the load-measuring device 4 of the load is used as a measuring device for monitoring the change of the state of the elevator car 2 on the plane, which change of the condition is then the change of the load of the elevator car. The measuring device for changing the condition of the elevator car 2 is also referred to hereinafter as *: with reference number 4.

• · · * · '. 25 »* ·“ •; *** · The elevator applying the idea of the invention also includes a mechanical * ·· ϊ, ·. an anti-skid device 5 which locks the elevator car into place so that the elevator hoisting ropes 8 cannot slip on the traction wheel 7 for a dangerously long distance. Antifouling device 5. , 30 may be any known anti-creeping device. It may be, for example, a mechanical latch, a guide brake or a rope brake, which may be locked directly to the lifting ropes 8.

• · · ***. Fig. 2 schematically shows the main actuators of the wheel of Fig. 1, 35 and their interconnection. The load measuring device 4 communicates with the elevator car 2 and measures the total weight of the elevator car and the load, or at least the weight of the load 118731 6. The load measuring device 4 is connected to the control unit 10 of the anti-sink device 5, which control unit 10 is also connected to the anti-sink device 5 and the elevator control system 11.

5

The anti-creeping device used in the solution of the invention may also be a rope brake 14 which locks the speed limiter 12 in place of the rope 13, or a speed limiter 12 anti-rotation or braking device 10 so that the elevator car 2 moves slightly downward. the speed limiter rope 13 activates the elevator gripper 5a and thus prevents the elevator car 2 from sinking downwardly as the elevator car 2 moves over a predetermined travel distance. In this case, the anti-sinking device 5 acts as a stop mechanism for the speed-15 limiter rope 13, which may therefore consist for example of a rope brake 14 and a gripper 5a. The rope brake 14 is connected to the control unit 10, which is further connected to the elevator control system 11. The measuring device 4a for monitoring the change of the state of the elevator car 2 is a measuring device monitoring and measuring the movement of the car 20 or the position of the elevator car. travel Business trip · · V .: or change of position at elevator car level. The measuring device 4a • · * / ·· can be, for example, 12 rotational movements of the speed limiter: Y: 25 measuring element which, based on the rotational movement, calculates the elevator • #; ***; of the car 2. Just as well, measuring device 4a can measure ···: distance traveled by speed limiter rope 13 or directly · ··· *. the distance traveled by the car, for example with the · · elevator car 2. The measuring device 4a may also be a position sensor 30 which measures the position of the elevator car 8 at the level.

»· · *;] · * Many other possible design and location solutions for the measuring device 4a are also possible.

From the basic idea of the invention, irrespective of the embodiment, it is an important feature to allow the elevator car itself to be prevented by the structure or function itself and / or to operate it ··· ** • · * ··· * a certain degree of free movement through the structure or operation of the system resulting from the loading of elevators of at least 118731 7, which may be slightly greater than that required for loading, for example, including the level-specific area where elevator doors 5 are permitted to open or to be in another pre-set elevator car allowed business trip.

By the method according to the invention, the useful area of the elevator car 2 can be increased by actively monitoring the change of the state of the elevator car 2 and when the space exceeds a predetermined limit, the elevator car 2 is locked in place in the level area.

In one embodiment of the invention, the total weight of the elevator car 2 and the load thereon is monitored by a load measurement device 4 as a change of state, and if the weight exceeds the permitted weight limit, the total weight 20 exceeds the weight limit set for the elevator car, the load measuring device 4 serving as the elevator car monitoring device notifies the control unit of the anti-skid device 5, which in turn locks the anti-submersible device 5 · ·! V: 25 and thus the elevator car 2 cannot sink downwards. Wow- · '**; the control unit 10 of the anti-theft device 5 also informs it. to the elevator control system 11, which maintains the elevator's operating brake ** · ·. ···. run locked and do not start the elevator due to overload and • · report overload, eg by buzzer.

In another embodiment of the invention, a corresponding safety function is achieved by monitoring the change of the condition of the elevator car 2 by measuring the downward movement of the elevator car by measuring means 4a; or the position of the elevator car and the elevator car 2 for a certain, predefined ·· # *. After reaching the 35th descent distance, the elevator car 2 is prevented from sinking downwardly by locking the car 2 into place by means of an anti-slip device adapted to operate with the speed limiter 12, comprising at least the speed limiter rope in addition to the speed limiter 12. 13, a rope brake 14 acting on the speed limiter rope 13 and a gripper 5a coupled to the elevator car 2, which stops the speed limiter-5 rope 13 of the elevator car 2 when it stops or slows down in relation to the speed of the elevator car.

When the elevator car 2 is locked in place for the above reasons, the elevator car 2 is not released until the overload or other cause caused by the sinking is removed. Once the cause of subsidence has been eliminated, the guide brake acting as a blocking device 5 is released or the gripper 5a is released and the elevator control system 11 is informed that the elevator operation may be allowed again.

15

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the above example, but may vary within the scope of the following claims. Thus, for example, the anti-sink device 5 may be, in place of the guide brake 20, another type of device to prevent the crawl of the elevator car 2, such as the aforementioned latch, rope brake or Velcro.

It will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that the said anti-sink control unit 25 may not be needed separately, but may be directly integrated into the elevator control system. ··: down.

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Claims (13)

118731 A method for increasing the useful surface area of an elevator car (2) adapted to pass under the elevator shaft (1) guided by a control system 5 (11) substantially vertically along guides (3), which method controls the change of the level elevator car (2); when the change in space exceeds a predetermined threshold, the elevator car (2) is locked in place in the level region, characterized in that the elevator car (2) is constructed to be lighter than the nominal volume corresponding to the nominal load. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the weight of the load of the elevator car (2) is monitored by a load measuring device (4) and the speed of the elevator car is monitored by a speed limiter (12), Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the downward movement of the elevator car (2) is monitored and the downward movement is substantially prevented by a mechanical anti-sink device (5, 5a, 12, 13). 14) with the lift car (2) moving::: more than a preset distance. • • • • • • • • • *. *. *. 25 Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by · ·, ···. as a change in the status of the level elevator car (2) • ·; . ·. monitoring the load of the elevator car (2) and the load measurement device • · * "1 / (4) based on the load information, the elevator car (2) is locked" * in place by a substantially mechanical anti-sink device, 30 (5, 5a, 12, 13, 14) • · · * · * · * weight limit. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,. ***. characterized in that the change in the condition of the elevator car (2) · • · · ·. 35 is activated upon arrival at the elevator car floor level and ··· · · is switched off when the car elevator exits from the floor level 118731. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical locking of the elevator car (2) is released on the basis of the load information received from the load measuring device (4) after the overload has been removed and the overload information is also transmitted to the elevator control system (11). Apparatus for increasing the useful surface area of the elevator car (2), which elevator car (2) is adapted to pass in the elevator shaft (1) guided by the control system (11) substantially vertically along rails (3), including at least a change of the elevator car (2) a monitoring gauge (4, 4a) and an anti-sinking device (5, 5a, 12, 13, 14) adapted to lock the elevator car (2) in the level area if a predetermined gauge (4, 4a) a change in the space of the elevator car (2) exceeding the limit value, characterized in that the elevator car (2) is larger than the standard volume corresponding to the nominal load. 20 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the load weight of the elevator car (2) is arranged to be monitored by means of a load measuring device (4) connected to the elevator control system (11) and the speed of the elevator car. is arranged to be taken by the speed limiter (12). • · • · · · · · · · Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by * ·· ·. ···. that the change in the condition of the elevator car (2) • · * # is a measuring device for measuring travel or position of the car 4.. 30 (4a), and that the anti-sink device (5, 5a, 12, 13, 14) is adapted to lock the elevator car (2) in place if the elevator level has exceeded a predefined allowed distance. ··· • · • * · * · Apparatus according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the measuring device for monitoring the change of the condition of the elevator car (2) is a load measuring device (4) operating horizontally on the elevator car and that the 118731 anti-sag device (5, 5a, 12, 13, 14) is adapted to lock the elevator car (2) in place if the load information from the load measuring device (4) is greater than the permitted weight limit. 5 Apparatus according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a separate or integrated control unit (10) of an anti-skid device (5, 5a, 12, 13, 14) integrated into the elevator control system (11). ) the measurement data from the measuring device (4, 4a) monitoring the change of the state of the elevator car (2) is arranged to be controlled, and from which control unit (10) the control information is further arranged to be supplied to the anti-sink device (5, 5a, 12, 13, 14); the overload off 15 familiar to unlock the elevator car (2). Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the anti-skid device (5, 5a, 12, 13, 14) is arranged to lock the elevator car (2) substantially mechanically, and that the anti-skid device (5) is preferably a guide brake, rope brake gripping the elevator hoisting rope (3), a latch, gripping the elevator speed limiter rope (13) and • · V. * activating the rope brake (14) of the elevator gripper (5a) or a corresponding mechanical locking device of • ·!. * ·· -: A: 25 to hold the elevator car (2) stationary in the level area when the load weight exceeds the permitted weight limit and / or the movement of the elevator car at six levels exceeds the permitted distance. • * · * • · · · * * * • · A process according to any one of claims 7 to 12. . 30, characterized in that the change in the condition of the elevator car (2) is adapted to be activated only when the elevator car is at a single level. • · • · · · · 35 ··· mm ··· · · · · · · 118731