FI108306B - thermos - Google Patents

Description

108306

Thermal wall - Termovägg

The invention relates to a plate-like wall structure or wall element comprising: opposed outer surfaces; between the outer surfaces of the bearing profiles of the thermoprofiles, consisting essentially of one bent sheet metal member, comprising: at opposite edges flanges at least part of one or both of the flanges, consists of substantially elongated thermal holes having this longitudinal property parallel to the length of the profile and webbed in adjacent rows such that each of the two adjacent rows of holes are spaced apart. The invention also relates to methods of making such wall structures and wall elements by using support struts consisting essentially of a single bent sheet metal member and a molding club between and in contact with the sheet metal profiles, the main binder being hydro-cure .

FI-75389 discloses a wall frame having lightweight beams made of thin sheet metal and a foam concrete with a density of up to 600 kg / m 2 between them. In the specification the foam is mentioned as having a possible density of 350 kg / m 2 and the figures of the publication also show: the layout of these light beams is such that there is no cold bridge in the thickness direction of the wall frame. In the structures of the publication which avoid cold bridges, profiles with a relatively small cross-section have been used, which results in poor load-bearing capacity of the wall. profiles, whereby a sufficient wall thickness can provide good «* φ load-bearing capacity of the wall. In this embodiment, since the metal profiles extend directly from one outer surface of the wall to the other outer surface, cold bridges are created. I structure is not suitable for building facades publication. Application Publication said foam concrete density of 350 kg / m ^ is the basis of practical tests ..! at least suitable for use on exterior walls and not on load-bearing walls, since such a barrier is very low in strength and also has a very high tendency to crack.

Furthermore, such foam concrete, which has a density of 350 kg / m 2, in fact, contrary to what is shown in the figure of the reference, has a thermal conductivity of about 2110306 0.1 W / m 2 -K, which is not sufficient insulation against the outer wall. According to practical tests, only a foam concrete with a density of at least 600 kg / m 2 and a thermal conductivity of the order of 0.16 W / m 2 -K, which is too high for the thermal conductivity of the outer wall 5 if the wall thickness is to be kept reasonable. Increasing the wall thickness, on the other hand, significantly increases the weight and cost of the structures and is therefore not a viable solution. Further, it should be noted that the foam concrete manufacturing process, i.e. the concrete mass flotation process, is technically very difficult to control, easily resulting in a defective product which may have to be recycled and the original destroyed or used for secondary purposes, further increasing the cost of the structure. The wall structure according to this reference publication FI-75389 has thus not become available for use in the weather.

US-2 762 472, US-4 805 357, FI-74769 and US-2 934 934 describe 15 sheet profiles with very large round or square profile openings which are not heat insulating. These profile openings are intended for reinforcing bars or for bonding between concrete and profile or for access and piping. The filler is either lightweight concrete, ordinary concrete or undefined. The disadvantages of the lightweight concrete according to the publications are described above.

US-4,918,897 describes a very complex construction for the construction of multi-storey houses. Vertical load-bearing plates in this reference publication:.: The boxes have torn portions which, according to the description of the publication, are intended for · ·; ; to improve adhesion between concrete and metal profile. There is no specific description of the type or type of concrete or similar mass to be poured between the sheet metal profiles, * * · .. 25 so it may be conventional concrete with sand and / or gravel and / or crushed stone. Thus, it is necessary to provide a separate insulation for such a wall structure, as shown in the figures of the publication. In addition, the structure becomes very heavy and, due to the complexity and complexity of the metal sheet profiles, also very expensive. Except from this, US-4 713 921 and SE-394 478 describe thermoprofiles with proper interlacing, but the insulating material is mineral wool, as above. DE-1 484 046 discloses support bars made of vertical beams'. and the transverse members attached thereto, that is to say, a plurality of different parts which are interposed between ''. very large openings. In addition to plain concrete 35, the gaps between the support webs may also be filled with foamed concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete.

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The wall structure described in US-4,226,061 is prepared by first erecting two parallel mold walls and pouring between the mold walls a lightweight concrete of high thermal insulation capacity. After the lightweight concrete has hardened, the aforementioned mold walls remain part of the finished wall structure, forming the front and back surfaces of the wall. The walls of the mold 5 are made up of a plurality of rectangular pre-cast elongated panels superimposed so that the long sides of the panels are facing each other. The panels are made of lightweight concrete with reinforced metal bonding reinforcement. This rectangular bandage is panel-wide and consists of a mesh web portion and J-shaped flange portions at the horizontal edges of the web portion, and the web of the bandage is parallel to the wall surface. Such a comparative reinforcement is not capable of bearing any loads. Metallic fastening elements, consisting of narrow flat steel pieces, are mounted on the seams of the overlapping mold panels, which are used to fasten the overlapping panels to each other to bind the opposite mold walls at a given distance from each other. If desired, the wall structure may be provided with additional reinforcing bars for wall reinforcement bars to be provided as an additional reinforcement at and / or between the fastening members. The reinforcing bars in the vicinity of the opposing mold walls may be further bonded to each other by a bonding reinforcement of the same type as that used to reinforce the panels 20. This binding reinforcement also has a mesh web portion and a U-shaped cross-section gripping portions at the edges of the web portion which attaches the bond reinforcement to the vertical reinforcing bars. In the illustrated solution: '': in the cut, the mold walls remain part of the finished wall structure, forming a wall structure. ·. The front and back surfaces of the wall structure. The bonding reinforcement used cannot carry any of these loads in any direction. In the area of the web: f and are large compared to the holes between the holes, neither is the specification of the concrete to be poured between the mold walls, but rather the term used to refer to foamed concrete with pores in the concrete itself and having the disadvantages described above.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a moldable wall structure or an on-site wall element which is capable of bearing high load-bearing metal sheet profiles while providing good thermal insulation of the wall. This means that the load-bearing metal sheet profiles used can withstand heavy loads in their length, but do not form cold bridges extending through the wall. Another object of the invention is to provide such a wall structure or wall element in which the heat-insulating composite material arranged between the metal sheet profiles is simultaneously lightweight, highly heat-insulating and strong. This means that additional heat insulation may not be required in the wall structure or wall element according to the invention, but if necessary, the rigid heat-insulating composite material filling the gaps between sheet metal profiles may provide a sufficient thermal insulation to the exterior wall of the building. Of course, this does not mean that extra thermal insulation cannot be used anyway. A third object of the invention is to provide such a wall structure or wall element where all materials and components are so simple and easy to use that the manufacturing cost of a locally molded wall structure or wall element manufactured elsewhere and brought to the site is advantageous.

The drawbacks described above can be eliminated and the objects defined above are achieved by a plate-like wall structure or wall element according to the invention, characterized in that is defined in the characterizing part of claim 1 and in the method according to the invention.

The main advantage of the invention is that the new thermoprofile used therein has particularly good properties for preventing thermal conduction in the wall thickness direction and at the same time very good load-bearing capacity despite its low thermal conductivity. Another advantage of the invention is that the density of the thermo-concrete used in the wall according to it can be less than 350 kg / m 2, while the strength of the thermo-concrete is nevertheless very good. Further, this thermo-concrete has no tendency to crack at this mentioned density or at a lower density. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the thermo-concrete used in the structure of the present invention is very high:; : small, for example at the mentioned density of 200-250 kg / m ^ in the order of 0.06 W / m ^ ·: ··: K, so the thermal insulation of this thermo-concrete is thus very good even at small • '. 25 wall thicknesses. In addition, the wall structures of the invention can be fabricated either in situ or as elements elsewhere by a simple and easy-to-control manufacturing method with very low chance of error. Thus, the structure according to the invention provides lightweight, highly load-bearing, highly heat-insulating and durable walls for the exterior and interior walls of buildings.

. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the wall structure of Fig. 2; ·: From tea or wall element along its level I-I.

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Figure 2 is a horizontal view of a typical wall structure or wall element according to the invention and its connection to an adjacent wall structure or wall element in the direction Π of Figures 1 and 3.

Figure 3 schematically shows an extension or connection of two wall components or wall elements according to the invention in a horizontal cross-section along the plane III-III in Figure 2.

Figures 4A-4F are cross-sectional views of some embodiments of the thermoprofile of the present invention taken along the plane IV-IV of Figure 2.

Fig. 5 shows a thermo-perforation of a thermoprofile of the invention in a direction perpendicular to the profile 10 web of V in Figs. 4A-4F.

Figure 6 shows the connection of two wall components or wall elements according to the invention from the area VI of Figure 3, but on a larger scale and supplemented by possible additional wall components.

Fig. 7A shows a preferred embodiment of a wall element according to the invention from above in the direction VH of Fig. 7B.

Fig. 7B shows a method for manufacturing a wall element according to Fig. 7A, in a horizontal section along the plane VIII-VIII of Fig. 7A.

Fig. 8A illustrates a method according to the invention for wall construction, wall construction. ; for making a part or wall element by another method according to the invention; ·: · 20 as seen from above in the direction IX of Figure 8B.

Fig. 8B illustrates a method of fabricating a wall structure, a part of a wall structure or a wall element according to Fig. 8A, in a side view along the plane X-X of Fig. 8A.

In the following description, reference numeral 10 is used to refer generally to a wall structure, part of a wall structure or wall element according to the invention. Reference number-. . ·. Rails 10a and 10b are used only to refer to the part of the wall structure in that case. or a wall element in the case of two related or otherwise separate parts of the wall structure or element. Reference numerals 3 and 4 are used to describe 4 ..: 'metal sheet profiles in general, and thermoprofile profiles according to the invention, in particular, where it is not necessary to determine their position or position. These modified reference numerals 3a, 3b, 3c, etc. and 4a, 4b, 4c, etc., respectively, are used only when it is necessary to specify the position or position of the thermoprofile according to the invention. Of the heat-insulating composite material, reference numeral 5 is used when it is in a fluid or moldable form and reference numeral 15 is used when it has cured in its final load-bearing and thermally insulating form. It will be appreciated that in order to define the composite material, both reference numbers are sometimes required. The plate-shaped wall structure, part of the wall structure or wall element according to the invention, of course, has a plane direction P, which is a plane parallel to the opposite outer surfaces 1 and 2 of the wall structure or wall element. wall-10 ment seen. Opposite exterior surfaces 1 and 2 herein refer to both exterior surfaces of a wall structure or wall element resulting from the manufacturing process of the invention, which of course are not necessarily the same as the outward facing surface of the final wall and facing inside the building.

These plate-like wall structures or wall elements have between their outer surfaces 1 and 2 load-bearing brackets made of metal sheet profiles 3, 4, which in the final building are generally either vertical, such as brackets 3a-3f in FIG. 2 or brackets 3g in FIG. These support rings have flanges 7a and 7b at opposite edges and a web 6 extending therebetween extending in the direction of thickness D of the structure or element 20, whereby at least a portion of one flange 7a or 7b or a portion of both flanges 7a or 7b or both flanges 7a and 7b are located within or in the region of the above-mentioned outer surfaces 1 and 2; 'Dalla. In addition, the sheet-like wall structure, part of the wall structure or wall element: in its final form, comprises a rigid heat-insulating composite material 15 which fills the gaps between the metal sheet profiles and adheres to these profiles. Specifically, such rigid heat-insulating composite material 15 is a material with hydraulically curing inorganic pulp as its main binder, such as Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, mixtures thereof, or other materials known or recycled in the art. . ···. For example, materials known as cements or mixtures thereof, depending on the requirements of the particular application.

The wall structure, part of the wall structure or wall element 10 according to the invention consisted of.

'support struts 3a, 3b, 3c, etc. 4a, 4b, etc., which are the thermoprofile of the invention' ': 3,4, whose web 6 and flanges 7a and 7b consist essentially of a single bent sheet metal member, in particular of Figures 4A. -4F is understandable. These thermoprofiles 3, 4 comprise a thermal aperture 9 which reduces heat conduction in the web 6 from the direction of one flange 7a to the direction of the second flange 7b and, of course, in the opposite direction 7108306. the entire length LL. All the lateral edges 16 and 26 of said wall structure or wall element 10 are transverse to its plate width P, i.e., parallel to the wall thickness 5D, comprising said thermoprofiles 3, 4. This means that the vertical and horizontal free side edges 16 of the wall structure or wall element the lateral edges 26 of the window openings, door openings or other possible openings 25 are formed by said thermoprofiles 3, 4. In this case, cold bridges are also not created at the lateral edges 16, 10 26 of the wall structure, its part or wall element. It may be noted in this connection that the thermal holes 11 of the thermal profiles 3, 4 at their edges 16,26 need not be the same size as the thermal holes 11 at the outer side edges 16,26 of the structure. the composite material 15 is 15 thermo-concrete, the aggregate of which consists mainly of hollow particles. These hollow particles allow the thermal concrete to have good thermal insulation, low bulk density and high strength. Thus, the wall structure or wall element according to the invention is based on a combination in which, firstly, all the metal strips on the side edges 16,26 of the structure as well as inside the structure are thermoprofile 3, 4 and secondly these spacings are substantially filled with heat insulating composite material. Thus, the composite material is thermo-concrete, ""; where the aggregate material is mainly hollow particles.

. The structure and constructional variants of the thermoprofile 3, 4 according to the invention are shown in: '; 4A-4F and Figure 5. First, the thermoprofile may have a U-section in cross-section as illustrated in Figures 4A-4D. In these: · * the flanges 7a and 7b of the profile are typically perpendicular to the plane of the web 6 or • · «· as shown in the figures. Figures 4E and 4F illustrate an embodiment of the thermoprofile 3, 4, in which the flanges 7a and 7b of the profile have peripheral edges 8: facing each other, whereby the thermoprofile is a section. 30 seitan so-called. The C-profile. Of course, it is clear that edge fold 8 can also be only t · · *. at the periphery of the second flange 7a or 7b, such an embodiment not shown in the figures · · ';;; * ie. Figures 4A and 4E show a thermoprofile according to the invention in which the * · '···' web 6 is straight, containing only the region of the thermal perforation 9. In Figures 4B and 4D is •; Embodiments of a thermoprofile in which the web 6 includes a profile pi •; · I 35 two stiffening means 13 in the direction of a new LL, directed in the same direction from the web as the flanges 7a and 7b. Fig. 4F shows an embodiment in which one stiffening means 14 is directed from the web 6 in the opposite direction to the flanges 7a and 7b. When utilizing this type of thermal profile 3, 4 of Figure 4F, when assembling the side edges 16 of the wall, the part or wall element 108306 δ, the profiles are aligned correctly so that the stiffened grooves 13 and positions relative to each other. These stiffening members 13, 14 may further be used to hold the seal between the associated wall structure elements or wall elements, as will be described below. The cross-sectional shape of the stiffening bodies 13, 14 can be selected as desired. The figures show triangular and semicircular shapes, but rectangular or other shapes could also be used. If the web of the thermoprofile has two stiffening patterns, it is generally preferable to arrange the thermal perforation 9 only between these stiffening patterns and the folds relatively close to the flanges 7a, 7b.

It should also be noted that the spacing W3 of the outer surfaces of the thermoprofiles 3, 4 webs 7a, 7b for the sidewalls 16, 26 of the wall structure or wall element should be equal to the thickness D of the structure or element to be cast from the thermo-concrete. and 7B and 8A. The thermal profiles entering the middle portions of the wall structure or wall element, such as the thermal profiles 3f in Figs. 1 and 2, may be smaller in width W3 than the thickness D of the wall structure or wall element or thermo-concrete.

The thermal aperture 9 of the thermoprofile 3, 4 according to the invention consists of elongated thermal apertures 11 having a length L1 of the thermal holes parallel to the length LL of the profile. These thermal holes are in the web 6 in a plurality of adjacent rows 12a, 12b, 12c, etc. in its width direction W3, as can be seen in Figure 5, which shows; j is a portion of the web of the profiles of Figures 4A-4F. Typically, the thermal holes 11: ·: have a length L1 of at least five times and preferably at least ten times and • '. 25 up to 25 times the hole width W1. In practice, the web has thermal holes 11 in at least three adjacent rows 12a, 12b and 12c, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 8A, but more preferably, these thermal holes have several ..... rows, such as four or six, as shown in FIG. In addition, always in two rows of holes adjacent to each other, such as rows 12a and 12b, respectively, ribs 12b and 12c, as well as rows 12c and 12d, the thermal holes are interlaced relative to one another. This means that in one row, the gap L2 between the consecutive thermal holes 11 is located in the thermal hole * in the adjacent row of thermal holes 11. length L1 and typically in the middle of this length L1 as shown in Figure 5. The distance W2 of adjacent rows 12a, 12b, 12c, etc. of the thermal holes is typically greater than the width W1 of the thermal holes in the web direction W3. These width dimensions are, however, always dimensioned for the required load-bearing capacity and thermal insulation capacity.

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As already mentioned above, the binder of the thermo-concrete 15 is formed hydraulically, i.e. by means of water, of a curable, at least predominantly inorganic mass, such as some known cement grade or new cement grade or the like. The mass may also contain organic additives. These pulps and any additive 5-adjuvants are all materials known per se and are not described in further detail herein. In addition, the filler or aggregate particles of the thermo-concrete 15 consist at least mainly of hollow microspheres, which in any case have an outside diameter of less than 3 mm and in practice no more than 2 mm. The structure of thermobonds consisting of larger microspheres is often inhomogeneous 10 and too brittle. The hollow microspheres of the thermobeton aggregate according to the invention preferably have an outer diameter of not more than 1 mm, but microspheres of the order of 0.5 mm can also be used. These hollow microspheres can be made of some type of glass or some ceramic material or some suitable plastic. The aggregate material of the thermo-concrete may also consist of a mixture of hollow microspheres of different materials. Such hollow microspheres are known per se and are used as a filler or filler in various materials, so there is no need to explain them in more detail here. According to the invention, the density of the thermo-concrete 15 of the type described above, i.e. the cured and dried thermally insulating composite material, is less than 350 kg / m 2 and preferably less than 300 kg / m 2. Typically, the wall structure or wall element according to the invention uses thermobetone containing the binder and aggregate described above and having a density in the range. 200-250 kg / m 2. This achieves easy thermal insulation of less than 0.06 W / m 2 -K with reasonable and normally used wall thicknesses. If; . ·. it is a wall that does not require high strength, thermo-concrete of the order of 150 kg / nA can also be used. Thermo-concrete of the type described at this density does not tend to crack, but is structurally stable, unlike foamed concrete. Since this used thermo-concrete has the same type of hardening mechanism as other conventional concrete mixtures, there is no production problem in casting and curing the concrete mass. Of course, it is possible to use in the aggregate 30 other types of aggregate particles in addition to the hollow microspheres described above, but generally these are not advantageous but sufficient strength and good. thermal insulation is achieved using the hollow microspheres described above or. ·· ♦. hollow microspheres of different materials and / or sizes in combination.

* *

As already described above, thermoprofile profiles 3,4 may be used in the wall structure or wall elements according to the invention, which have the same or different size of the thermal holes 11 of the thermal perforation 9. Using the manufacturing method of Figures 7A and 7B described below, the size of the thermal holes 11 may be the same in all thermo-j profiles 3, 4. In this case, the smallest cross-section ·· 108306 ίο tan Wl of the thermal holes 11 should be smaller than the smallest outer diameter of the hollow particles of the thermobutton 5. In this case, the outer side edges 16, 26 of the wall structure or wall element form the thermoprofiles 3, 4 not passing through the fluid cast composite material 5, but remain within the area delimited by the edges forming the edges 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 5a and 4b. 7a, 3b, 4a, 4b in the case of Fig. 7A. In this case, the thermobe-ton casting 5 must be distributed over the entire wall structure or wall element, provided that all thermoprofiles of the structure are of a type having a width W3 equal to the wall thickness D. However, if the teraioprofiles 3, 4 are used having a width W3 of less than the wall thickness D, such as profiles 3f according to Figures 1 and 2, a flowable thermobutane mass 5 flows unimpeded at one point poured over the entire area of the wall structure or wall element. If, on the other hand, it is desired to carry out the pouring of the fluidized concrete mass 5 at only one point and simultaneously use thermoprofiles 3, 4 extending W3 across the whole wall D of the outer side edges 16,26, the thermal holes 11 of the thermoprofiles the cross-sectional surface W1 must be substantially larger than the largest outer diameter of the hollow particles of the thermo-concrete 5 so that the flowable thermo-concrete mass 5 can flow through the thermal holes 11 of the thermoprofiles over the entire surface area of the wall structure or wall element. To sum up, if casting on a wall structure or wall element is to be done at only one point, it is'; used as thermoprofiles other than the outer side edges 16 and 26: either profiles with a width W 3 less than the wall thickness D or profiles with thermal holes 11 having a minimum width W1 substantially less than the thermobe ,, · 25 inches maximum external diameter of the hollow particles. Of course, if the casting of the fluid composite material can be made in several places at all possible structural limits, the above limitations are of course not required. In any case, according to the invention, the thermal profiles 3, 4 forming the outermost side edges 16 and 26 must be of a type in which the smallest cross-sectional dimension W1 of the thermal holes 11 is substantially smaller than the smallest outer diameter of the hollow particles of thermo-concrete.

When the wall components or wall elements 10a and 10b of the invention are secured to one another, the seam structure 30 of the invention is used. 'Schematically shown in Fig. 3 and having a preferred embodiment is private; 6. This seam structure 30 firstly comprises a sealing strip 31 in the thickness direction D of the structural members or elements at least between adjacent structural members or the side edges 16 of the elements 10a and 10b, extending in the direction of thickness D at least across the thermoforming area 9 of the thermoprofiles. This means that the sealing strip 31 covers the thermal holes 11 of the two thermoprofiles 3, 4 facing each other 118. In addition, in the embodiment of Fig. 6, the stiffening groove 13 of the opposing thermoprofiles is used to hold the sealing strip 31 in place. This additional function takes place, for example, so that the sealing strip 31 has an extension 37 corresponding to the troughs 13 which prevents the sealing strip 5 31 from moving in the direction of thickness D. In addition, at the other adjacent stiffening bodies 13, there is a guide strip 33 that locks adjacent wall component members J or elements 10a and 10b. Of course, this alignment can also be effected by the interaction of the outwardly facing stiffener 14 and the flange stiffener 13, a combination of which is not illustrated in Figure 10 but is understandable by reference to Figure 4F. As can be seen in Figures 4A-4F, the stiffening means 13, 14 may be of a desired cross-sectional shape, generally notched and then either curved or angular.

In Fig. 6, the warm side of the wall structure is indicated by the (+) sign and this inner surface 2 of the wall structure or wall element is clad in gypsum board 35 in this case 15 firstly by the surface treated with damping adhesive 32 and 34. This has a plaster reinforced with a metal mesh or plastic mesh 36. This side facing the cold side of the wall is marked with a (-) sign. It will be appreciated that other suitable or desired surface treatments may be used on either of the outer surfaces 1 and / or 20 instead of the plates.

. The plate-like wall element 10 according to the invention can be made either in a patterned form; 7A-7B or the method described in FIGS. 8A-8B, although the method illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B is, at present, often the most advantageous, especially when fabricating elements. Again, the dowel method of Figs. 8A and 8B can be used to advantageously fabricate a sheet-shaped wall structure or part thereof according to the invention in its final position. In both

In each case, one of the plate-like directions P of the wall element is first provided

corresponding to, or parallel to, the plate width P and a mold surface 20 of at least one ·: ··· outer surface 1 or 2 of the element, which is typically formed. At least one bearing surface 30a, 3b, 3c, etc., and, if necessary, support braces 4a, 4b, etc., formed from the thermoprofile profiles 3 according to the invention, 4.

:: At least one flange 7a or 7b of these thermoprofiles 3, 4 is placed against this groove mold surface 20, whereby the web 6 of the thermoprofiles 3, 4 is located at least substantially parallel to the thickness D of the welded wall. .

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Figures 7A and 7B illustrate a preferred method of making a plate-like wall element according to the invention. In this case, only one of the aforementioned die mold surfaces 20 is used. Against this die mold surface 20, a metal plate profile 5 3a ... 3d etc and 4a ... 4d etc. corresponding to and forming each free side edge 16 and 26 of the element is placed such that one flange of these profiles , either flange 7a or flange 7b as shown in the figure, abuts against this die mold surface 20. Thereafter, care is taken to ensure that the casting mold surface 20 is substantially horizontal, whatever the position of the casting mold surface during the step of positioning the metal sheet profiles 3, 4. When the casting mold surface 20 is horizontal, the new mat 6 of the thermoprofiles 3, 4 are substantially vertical. Apart from the mentioned thermoprofiles at the side edges 16, 26, any of the above-described thermoprofiles 3, 4, such as, for example, the thermoprofiles 3f and / or 3e and / or 3g, can be placed in the area delimited by the lateral edges 16, 26. Subsequently, casting of the composite fluid material 5 forming fluid insulation between the sheet metal profiles 3a-3d, 4a-4d on the free side edges 16, 26 of the sheet-like wall element 10 is performed, with respect to the structure of Figure 2 or between the sheet metal profiles 3a-3b and 4a-4b. 7A. This casting, illustrated in Figures 7A and 7B, is performed either at one point or at several points within the region defined by the thermoprofiles 3, 4 at the side edges 16, 26, depending on the types of intermediate profiles 3e, 3f and 3g 20 and the fluidity of the fluid Thereafter, the thermally insulating composite material 5 is cured to form a rigid thermal insulating material 15. This cast and cured composite material 15 is of course adhered to the thermoprofiles 3, 4, in particular by the action of their thermal holes 11. This casting mold surface 20 has at least one outer surface: 1 or 2 of the moldable element, but may be significantly larger, as the basic pattern of FIG. 7A will understand. In this case, the casting of the fluidic heat insulation material 5 will be the upper surface is positioned at level 2 of the upwardly facing flanges 7a of the metal sheet profiles at the side edges 16, 26 of the element, as will be appreciated in Figures 7A, 7B In this case, the cured heat-insulating material in its same plane of flanges 7a ·; · 'of the thermoprofiles 3, 4, resulting in a second outer surface of the element 2. It is of course to be noted that if the fluidic heat-insulating material shrinks as it hardens, it makes sense to make casting to a slightly higher level The upper surface of the ial 15 is flush with the flanges 7a to form an ele "". The second surface 2 of the die 2. In this way, the wall element 10 is provided with two flat surfaces 1 and 2, one by means of one die mold surface 20 and another by a freely leveled open top.

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Of course, it will be appreciated that in the manufacturing process described above, various curing composite materials can also be cast in layers to obtain the desired properties in the product. The top surface casting may also be left lower than the upward facing flanges 7a, whereby the remainder of the wall thickness D may be used for other purposes or filled with other material. Likewise, it is most convenient to keep the casting mold surface 20 horizontal also during the positioning of the support ribs and all other thermoprofiles 3, 4, whereby there is no need to move the plate-like portion 22 forming the casting surface 20. Thus, in this embodiment, the thermoprofiles are placed on all free side edges 16, 26.

The embodiment of Figures 8A and 8B can also be used to make wall elements, but more typically it is used to make a wall structure or part thereof on site. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to install any thermal profile 4a at the bottom, although it is advantageous in terms of the strength and stiffness of the structure. Likewise, the thermoprofile 4b at the top of the structure may be installed either before or after completion of the flow of the thermal insulation material 5, but before it hardens. In all other respects, the support rings 3a, 3b, 3c etc., 4c, 4d etc. and other thermoprofiles 3, 4 are placed against one die mold surface 20 with one flange of thermoprofiles such as flange 7b and the webs 6 of the profiles perpendicular to this surface. 20 against. As above 20, this die form surface 20 is formed by a plate-like portion 22. Again, the die form surface 20 must be at least as large as the wall structure being manufactured. The outer surface 1 or 2 of the _ # or part thereof, as shown in Figures 8A and 8B. At least.

: "': metal for the lateral edges 16, 26 of the vertical concrete casting.

1; '; the sheet profiles 3 must be set so that these profiles are flanged with their flange 7a or 7b ....: 25 against this casting mold surface. If the wall structure or part 10 thereof has:. of the openings 25, of course, all the lateral edges 26 of these openings must be formed of thermo • · * ... profiles 3, 4, as in the embodiment described above. When all necessary thermoprofiles 3, 4 are placed in the region of the wall structure or part thereof 10, at least the thermoforms 3, 4 at the lateral edges 16, 26 are disposed against flanges 7b or 21a facing away from said first first mold die surface 20 as usual; formed by one surface of the plate-like material 23 as shown in Figure 8A.

Figures 8A and 8B illustrate the situation, with an upwardly facing side edge 35 16 having a special type of thermoprofile 4b having sufficiently large openings 19 for the flow of fluid and curing composite material 5. 8A and 8B are thus depicted in your castings, with the thermoprofiles 3, 4 pressed between two casting mold surfaces 20 and 21, which form both vertical support arms 3a, 3b, etc., and lower support support 4a and upper support support 4b, the thermo profiles other than the top profile 4b are of the usual type shown in Figures 4A-4F and 5, the web having only the thermal holes 511 of the size previously described, while the top profile 4b further includes drainage openings 19 or at least one drainage opening. At least the flanges 7a and 7b of the thermal frames at the edges 16, 26 are pressed against the die mold surfaces 20 and 21 to form a sealed die mold for the fluid composite material 5 at the edges. For mold concrete pouring mold surfaces are arranged vertically or almost vertically, although the positioning of the ter-10 profiles can be made in any suitable position. 8A and 8B, until the volume of the wall structure or part thereof defined by the thermoprofiles at the edges 16, 26 is filled with thermo-concrete casting of the type described above. Thereafter, this thermally insulating composite material 5 is provided as a cured heat-insulating thermo concrete 15. In this case, another alternative is to first disassemble the top edge thermoprofile 4b, first cast the thermal insulating material 5 through the free top and then fit the conventional type, i.e. a thermoprofile 4b in the upper part of the wall structure or part thereof at the correct position before the composite material-20in 5 hardens into thermo-concrete 15.

Prior to the casting of the fluid composite material 5, that is to say, the support rods formed of the thermoprofiles 3, 4, it is convenient to fasten; These profiles cross each other in some suitable way, such as self-drilling. ·. la screws or pop rivets 29 or other suitable means. This prevents unintended migration of the thermoprofiles 3, 4 during the casting of the composite material 5. Specially .! in the case of Figures 7A and 7B, the thermoprofiles at all side edges 16,26 · I · should be bonded to one another. Thermal profiles other than the side edges • · · '·' can also be attached to one another or to the edge profiles. In the embodiment of Figures 8A and 8B, the compression between the die mold surfaces 21 and 20 may hold *: ": 30 profiles in place, but in this case too, it may be preferable to use an attachment 29 to ensure accuracy and strength of final dimensions.

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Claims (13)

15 108306 A plate-like wall structure or wall element comprising: - opposing outer surfaces (1, 2); - bearing support rings (3a, 5 3b, 3c ....) made up of thermoprofiles (3, 4) between the outer surfaces and consisting essentially of one bent sheet metal member and comprising: - at opposite edges flanges (7a, 7b), at least a part of one or both the flanges are located in the area of the outer surfaces; - a thickness web (6) of the structure or element connecting the flanges; 10. a thermal aperture (9) for reducing heat conduction in the web, consisting of substantially elongated thermal apertures (11) having this elongation (L1) parallel to the profile length (LL) and arranged in adjacent rows in the web (6) (12a, 12b, 12c ...) such that in each of two adjacent rows of holes (12a and 12b; 12b and 12c; 12c and 12d ...), the thermal holes (11) are spaced apart, further characterized in that or in the wall element: - all the lateral edges (16, 26) transverse to the plate width (P) of said wall structure or wall element (10) are formed by said thermoprofiles; and - a rigid thermally insulating composite material (15) having as its main binder a hydro-curable inorganic mass and a backbone consisting essentially of hollow particles and which fills in and adheres to the sheet metal profiles. Wall structure or wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal holes (11) have a length (L1) of at least five times and preferably: 25 at least ten times and typically about 25 times the width of the holes. · (W1) compared to the distance between the adjacent rows of thermal holes (12a, 12b, 12c, etc.):: the distance (W2) is typically greater than the width of the thermal holes (W1) in the web width direction (W3) and that the thermal holes (11) are in the middle of the web. • Wall structure or wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermoprofile (3, 4) has a U-section or, alternatively, at the peripheral edges of the flanges (7a and / or 7b) reu: "': staples (8), wherein the thermoprofile has a C-profile cross section, that the thermoforming has longitudinal stiffening means (13, 14) in the web (6) of the thermoforming" ". (9) and at least one of the flanges (7a or 7b) and, if necessary, the thermoprofile (4b) located at the upper lateral edge of the wall structure or 35 wall element has openings (19) suitable for casting thermo-concrete (5). i O 8 3 ϋ 6 16 Wall structure or wall element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the aggregate particles of the thermoconcrete (15) consist of microspheres having an outside diameter of not more than 2 mm and preferably not more than 1 mm, that these microspheres are glass and / or ceramic and / or plastic (15) has a density of less than 5 about 350 kg / m 2, preferably less than 300 kg / m 2 and typically in the range of 200 to 250 kg / m 2. Wall structure or wall element according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the seam structure (30) between the wall construction elements or wall elements (10a and 10b) extending in the wall comprises wall elements and / or wall elements at least in said lateral edge (D). 16) a sealing strip (31) extending beyond the thermoforming area (19) of the thermoprofile and the thermoforming profiles having longitudinal troughs (13) and / or ridges (14) or the like for holding the sealing strip. Wall structure or wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that said outer surfaces (1, 2) are surface-treated (32) or lined with plate-like material (34; 35). A method for manufacturing a plate-like wall element, the method comprising the steps of: {1} providing at least one molding surface corresponding to the plate-like direction (P) of the wall element (10) and at least one outer surface (1 or 2); At least between load-bearing struts (3a, 3b, 3c ....), which are made up of profiles, are placed between the outer surfaces (1 and 2) of the wall element or part thereof. .: of a bent sheet metal piece with flanges i, · at opposite edges; (7a and 7b) and a perforated web (6) having a wall thickness direction (D) connecting them; ; · ·: {3} is molded between and in contact with the sheet metal profiles, a composite material (5) with a hydraulically curing inorganic mass as its main binder, which • fills the gap between the sheet metal profiles and forms a rigid thermal insulation (15), ; characterized in that the method: • · ... {4} uses a mold surface (20) as a casting surface; *: ** 30 {5} used as said metal sheet profiles is a thermoprofile (3, 4) comprising a thermal perforation (9) for reducing heat conduction in the web, consisting of substantially elongated thermowells (11) having this elongation (LI). . parallel to the length of the profile (LL) and which are in the web (6) as adjacent rows (12a, 12b, 12c ...) such that there are always two adjacent rows of holes (12a and 12b; 12b and 12c; 12c and 12d) ...) the thermal holes (11) are interlaced; γη 1 0 8 306 {6} during the positioning of the support bars, such a thermoprofile (3a ... 3d etc., 4a ... 4d etc.) is placed on each free side edge (16, 26) of the plate-like wall element so that these profiles are flanged (7a or 7b) against said one mold surface (20); Before the molding step of the composite thermal insulation material (5), the molding surface (20) is substantially horizontal, the webs (6) of the thermoprofiles being vertical; {8} casting of the composite fluid composite thermal insulation material (5) consisting essentially of hollow particles is made between said thermoprofiles (3a-d, 4a-b) on the free side edges of the plate-like wall element; and {9} allowing the thermally insulating composite material (5 to 15) to cure, thereby obtaining an element (10) consisting of metal sheet profiles and said rigid thermal insulation (15). A method for manufacturing a sheet-like wall structure or portion thereof, comprising the steps of: {1} providing at least one vertical casting surface (1 or 2) corresponding to the sheet-like direction (P) of the wall structure or portion (10); 20); {2} are placed between the outer outer surfaces (1 and 2) of the wall structure or part thereof, ai-20 bearing support struts (3a, 3b, 3c ....), which profiles consist essentially of one bent sheet metal member and have flanges at opposite edges / ': (7a and 7b) and a perforated web (6) having a wall thickness direction (D) connecting them; ; '': {3} a composite material (5) is formed between and in contact with the sheet metal profiles, the main binder of which is a hydraulically curable inorganic mass, which fills the gap between the sheet metal profiles and forms a rigid thermal insulation: ·. tea (15), • · · * ... characterized in that the method: • · · {4} uses a mold surface (20) as a casting surface; {5} used as said metal sheet profiles is a thermoprofile (3, 4) comprising a thermal aperture (9) for reducing heat conduction in its 30 µm, consisting of • φ «substantially elongated thermal apertures (11) of this elongation (L1). parallel to the profile length (LL) and flanked by the web (6). • rows (12a, 12b, 12c ...) such that there are always two • rows of holes (12a and 12b; 12b and 12c; 12c and 12d ...) adjacent to each other. 35 intermittently; : {6} during the positioning of the support rods, such thermo-profiles (3a .., 3d, etc.) are placed at least at the future vertical lateral edges (16, 26) of the plate-like wall structure or part thereof so that these profiles are flanged (7a or 7b). against said one mold surface (20); {7} before the molding step of the composite thermal insulation material (5), a second vertical casting surface (21) is placed against the flanges (7b or 7a) facing at least one of the mold surfaces 5 (20) on the side edges; {8} casting of composite fluidic thermal insulation material (5) consisting essentially of hollow particles is made between thermoprofiles (3a ... 3d, etc.) at the vertical lateral edges of the plate wall structure or part thereof and small mold mold surfaces (20 and 21); and {9} allowing the thermally insulating composite material (5 to 15) to cure to form a wall structure or part (10) of the sheet metal profiles and said rigid thermal insulation (15). Method according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in the method using all the lateral edges (16) and the lateral edges of the required window openings, door openings and / or other possible openings (25), (26), the thermoprofiles (3, 4) placed at the edges being fixed to each other at their junctions. Method according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in the threading step, further supporting ribs (3e, 3f, · 3 g, etc.) are placed in the area defined by the thermoprofile profiles to be placed on the outermost lateral edges (16). preferably are of the same profile type as those mentioned in the side edges *:. *, and the thermal holes (11) are in the middle of the web. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the method further comprises holding the mold surface (20) horizontally throughout the positioning of the support ribs, and that the casting step (6) of the heat insulating material is performed at maximum. on the plane (2) of the upwardly directed flanges (7b) of the thermoprofiles at the side edges (16, 26). • * • · · Method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the method further comprises:; * - in the positioning step {4} of the support bars, a metal sheet profile (4b) is positioned at the top of the wall structure or part thereof. having openings (19) for the flow of the heat-insulating material (35) or, after the flow of the heat-insulating material (5) 35, a metal plate profile (4b) is placed at the top of the wall structure or part thereof 19 * 1 O 8 3 ϋ ό Method according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the castable and curable thermally insulating material (5 - 15) is made up of at least predominantly hollow particles, and that the particles are microspheres consisting of glass or ceramic or plastic, thereby producing heat-insulating material. ter-5 mobetonia (15).