FI82743C - FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV EN SAMMANSATT KONSTRUKTION OCH FORMSKIVA FOER ANVAENDNING I SAMMANSATTA KONSTRUKTIONER. - Google Patents

Description

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A method of making a composite structure and a mold plate structure for use in a composite structure. - Förfarande för framställning av en sairmansatt konstrukció och formskiva för anning and i sammansatta konstruktioner.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a composite structure according to claim 1 for various building components.

The use of composite structures is known per se, because by combining the form plate and the concrete, advantageous composite structures are formed in which the steel form plate generally acts as a tensile-resistant part and the concrete acts primarily as a compressive force-receiving part. Such composite structures have been presented e.g. in GB 1 469 478, DE 24 13 645 and DE 22 52 988. The form plate often acts as a mold on which the concrete mass is poured. Said DE patents disclose the adhesion between the form plate and the concrete to be improved by corrugations from the form plate to the concrete, which may be perforated, applied, bent to the side or printed on dents.

Our previous patent application FI 894085 discloses a method for manufacturing a composite structure as a combination of a form plate, usually a steel profile plate and concrete, by injecting concrete into the form plate.

The disadvantage of the known methods of manufacturing composite structures is e.g. the fact that the form plate does not last sufficiently as a casting mold under a heavy fresh concrete mass without additional support. The adhesion between the form plate and the concrete is usually incomplete. The reinforcing effect of the reinforcement is limited to a thin zone in the vicinity of the surface of the form plate. Disc adhesion forms are difficult to manufacture or do not work properly.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the above-mentioned disadvantages, and it is achieved by the method according to the invention, in that the form plate is formed of two or more overlapping plate elements which are nested at the folds and fixed together.

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The shaped plate structures for carrying out the method according to the invention are set out in the claims below.

A large number of different embodiments can be found for the invention.

The following figures are intended to be illustrative only and to illustrate the operation of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a composite plate structure according to the invention with the plate elements separated.

Fig. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1, when the plate elements are nested from the folds.

Fig. 3 shows a section according to Fig. 2 after the plate elements have been molded together.

Figure 4 shows a top view of a composite plate structure according to the invention.

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Fig. 5 shows a section along the line V-V in Fig. 4 before the plate elements are nested at the folds.

Figure 6 shows an illustrative view of a composite structure according to the invention.

Fig. 7 shows a possible section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 6 before adding the concrete mass.

Figure 8 shows an alternative section along the line VII-VII in Figure 6 after the addition of a partial concrete mass.

Fig. 9 shows a section of a composite structure according to the invention, in which the structure is made of a cavity between planar surfaces.

Figure 10 shows a honeycomb vertical structure according to the invention.

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Figure 11 shows an illustrative view of a bridge solution according to the invention.

Fig. 12 shows a possible horizontal section along the line XII-XII in Fig. 11.

Figure 13 shows a cross-section of a bridge solution according to the invention.

Figure 14 shows an illustrative view of a horizontal structure according to the invention.

Figure 15 shows an illustrative view of another honeycomb vertical structure according to the invention.

The main object of the present invention is to make the composite structure of concrete and steel as efficient as possible. The method according to the invention can also be used, if desired, to make thin and durable shell structures and honeycomb structures with high bending stiffness even before the addition of concrete. This makes it easier to make molds and the span dimensions can be increased. By dividing the tensile-receiving steel form plate into several sub-elements, the load can be transferred to a wider area in the reinforced concrete structure and thus the durability of the structure in different load situations can be improved.

Figure 1 shows in principle the elements of a form plate structure before the parts are fastened to each other. At the top is a so-called sheet metal cut. a cutting net 10 formed by stretching to the side to form net openings 90. During stretching, some of the strands 10a of the net may turn to a position deviating from the stretching plane, i.e. rotate even to a position perpendicular to the main plane of the net. This is advantageous in terms of the adhesion of the concrete mass, e.g. in shotcreting or casting.

Uncut thin sheet portions 17 are left in the cutting net 10, which are bent on a corrugation 49 deviating from the general direction of the net 10. A recess 44 is formed inside this corrugation 49, into which a corrugation 39 of a uniform shaped plate 1 below 4 82743 is formed. 14, which can accommodate all or part of the crease 139 of the underlying cutting net 110. The recess 144 formed by the uncut portion 117 of the lower shown cutting net 110 may further accommodate a crease of a lower part, etc. The lower cutting net 110 may have similar openings 190 as the upper cutting net 110, which promotes the adhesion of concrete.

Figure 2 shows the arrangement of Figure 1 in section after the corrugations have been placed inside the recesses. In this case, the cutting net 10 and the cutting net 110 are arranged so that they are attached to the surface of the mold plate 1. By changing the heights of the corrugations and recesses, situations are also created in which separating spaces are left between the form plate 1 and the cutting nets 10 and 110.

Figure 3 shows the section according to Figure 2 after the corrugations have been molded together. In this case, the molding is performed by pressing the corrugations 49, 39, 139 from above with a force 55 so that the corrugations of the different plate components 10, 1, 110 are spread laterally to form the side projections 22. If the pressing is continued enough, a in order to prevent lateral buckling, under the action of the downward pressing force 55, lateral supporting forces 56 can be used, which promote the formation of the side projections 22. This creates a joint shape 32 of the different plate elements 10, 1, 110, which tightly binds the different plate components together. If necessary, a hand-operated tool can be made for utilizing the forces 55 and 56, e.g. for site conditions. In this case, it may be possible, for example, to use a pneumatic hammer-type device with which, for example, adjacent form plates can be connected together. The joining of the plate components together can also take place by other types of deformation of the nested folds, such as one-sided pressing, tilting, bulging to the side, cutting, etc.

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Figure 4 shows a top view of a composite plate structure according to the invention. Foremost is shown expanded metal 10, which is uncut sheet portions 17. These uncut portions of the plate 17 is in the direction of arrow 16 of high tensile strength. Instead, in the direction perpendicular to it, the cutting net is stretched to form holes 90, and the net 10 does not have much tensile strength in that direction. In order to utilize the tensile strength of the cutting net, it is advantageous to position the structure so that the main tensile stresses are in the direction 16. A piece of a uniform shaped plate 1 is visible under the cutting net 10.

Figure 5 shows a section along the line V-V in Figure 4 before the folds 49,39,139 are nested. In this case, cutting nets 10 and 110 are arranged on both sides of the unitary shape plate 1. Small folds 72 are made in the folds 49 of the upper cutting net 10 to facilitate spreading to the side. Similar side folds can also be made in the folds of the plates 1 and 110. The side folds 72 can be made in different plates at different heights and in different sizes, if necessary.

Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a joint structure according to the invention, in which the joint shapes 32 are horizontal parallel to the profiles of the form plate 1. A thinner concrete layer 6 is sprayed on the form plate 1 and the net 10, which, after hardening, gives the structure such a high strength that a heavier concrete mass 99 can be poured without special support arrangements. The side projections 22 and the net 10 together hold the concrete firmly in the form plate 1, so that its tensile strength can be fully utilized. Connection shapes 32 can also be made for different heights if desired. Viewed from the side, the surface 30 can, for example, be wavy in the height direction, whereby the width of the side projections 22 can vary. In this case, the plate elements cannot move relative to each other.

If desired, the structure can be prestressed by pulling the form plate 1 and the mesh 10 in the direction of the profile shapes during casting, whereby the steels 10 and 1 subsequently exert a compressive force on the concrete 6 and 99, improving its strength. In particular, the shapes of the 6 82743 cutting net 10 make it possible to prestress when the steel cannot slip relative to the concrete.

Figure 7 shows a possible section along the line VII-VII in Figure 6 before concreting. After concreting, a pillar-like compression zone 77 is formed between the joint form 32 and the slab elements 1 and 10, where the concrete with its compressive strength holds the slab structure in the concrete mass.

Figure 8 shows an alternative section along the line VII-VII in Figure 6. In this case, the corrugations of the plate elements 1 and 10 are dimensioned so that a space 36 is left between the wide parts of the plate elements. a columnar compression zone 77 as well as under the joint form 32. By placing the cutting net 10 farther from the form plate 1, stresses are distributed over a wider area in the concrete mass 6. In the case of Figure 8, there is a void space 35 inside the joint form 32. It may have arisen so that the side projections 22 are not desired to extend to extreme width.

Figure 9 shows a solution in which the shape plate 1 is fastened between two planar shape plates 111. The structure is made rigid by fixing the plates 1, 111 and 10 in connection forms 32 tightly as a single unit. Such rigid plate assemblies can be made at the factory, which can only be coated with concrete 6 on site, e.g. by spraying.

It is also possible to manufacture the entire structure in an element factory. The structure according to Figure 9 can be, for example, a horizontal section of a building wall, retaining wall or other vertical structure. The cavities 92 may act as an insulating layer against heat or noise. The cavities 92 may be filled with blown wool or other insulating material, if desired. The structure according to Figure 9 can also be a vertical section, e.g. from the mezzanine or top floor of a building or other horizontal structure. The concrete layer 6 can also be laid only on one side of the slab structure 1, 111, 10. The net 10 holds the concrete 6 in the slab structure 1, 111, 10. The net 10 is firmly attached to the slab structure by connection forms 82743 7. If desired, the structure according to Fig. 9 can also be floated in water by closing the open ends of the cavities. In this way, the construction type can be, for example, a part of a bridge that is floated to the installation site. For swimming, the relative proportion of the cavities 92 can be incorporated considerably.

Fig. 10 shows a plate structure in which the form plates 1 are mounted in a honeycomb shape. This causes considerably more cavities to be formed than in the case of Figure 9. In this case, the rigidity of the structure is increased considerably, e.g. for retaining wall purposes. The insulating capacity of the structure also increases as the number of cavities increases. The concrete layer 6 can also be made on both sides of the slab structure 1, 10.

Fig. 11 shows a bridge solution according to the invention in the installation phase, when the inner surface I of the bridge opening 93 is coated with shotcrete. This could be, for example, a ring road for pedestrians and bicycles for traffic or a drum for conducting water. The profile shapes of the form plate 1 are arranged parallel to the cross-section so as to give the structure the greatest possible rigidity in that direction against different loads. Figure II can in principle also show a large underpass for vehicle traffic. In the same way, a tunnel-like noise barrier can even be built across the traffic corridor.

Fig. 12 shows a horizontal section along the line XII-XII in Fig. 11. In this case, the valley points 2 of the form plate 1, into which the concrete jet 4 penetrates most easily, can be better seen. The concrete mass supply pipe 5 is shown in principle in the figure. Prior to coating the inside of the concrete is preferable external structure with a concrete layer 8 before an external loading more of the structure.

The circumferential and drum structures are primarily loaded by compressive forces, so that the concrete layers 8 and 6 can especially absorb these stresses. In a conventional waveguide drum made of steel plate, all stresses must be taken on the steel plates. In this case, the thickness of the steel plate 8 82743 becomes large, increasing the cost. In the solution according to the invention, the form plate can be very thin and thus cheap. For example, various devices, such as electric cables or other wires 68, can be easily placed under the concrete layers during the spraying phase so that they remain hidden under the final structure. E.g.

Figure 13 shows in principle a cross-section of a bridge according to the invention. The form plate 1 in the form of a load-bearing structure, e.g. a box beam, is first coated on the inside, e.g. with a layer of shotcrete 6, in order to increase the strength. After this layer 6 has hardened, the profile plate 1 above the housing is installed transversely in place. At the same time can be carried out to strengthening the upper part of the external gunite 88. It has hardened to a bridge deck 80 molded into e.g. cast concrete 99. Finally the bottom of the exterior coat the gunite 8. The external surface between the layers 88 and 8 may remain in construction joints 87. The bridge structure can be added, if desired, the vertical support members to the center of the box.

Fig. 14 shows a solution of a similar type to Fig. 9. However, the slab structure is formed of several slab elements 1 in order to form a rigid honeycomb structure, e.g. for intermediate bases or other horizontal structures, where high rigidity is required even before concreting. In the case according to Fig. 14, the lower surface of the structure is also covered with a layer of shotcrete 8, e.g.

fire safety regulations. The cavities 92 can be filled with the desired materials.

Fig. 15 shows a solution of a similar type to Fig. 10. In order to obtain additional rigidity, some of the cavities 92 are also coated on the inside, e.g. with a layer of shotcrete 8.

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The joining of adjacent plate elements into a plate element with a larger surface area can advantageously be performed by similar corrugations with which the plate elements are joined one on top of the other. In this case, the corrugation of adjacent slab elements serves several different purposes, namely to join both adjacent and overlapping slab elements together and also to form a gripping member for the concrete.

At least one of the plate elements 1 forming the form plate is impermeable to concrete. It can be completely intact (perforated) or it can have small holes that do not penetrate the concrete to be poured or sprayed.

The plate element combinations can be made, for example, rolling-technically in a rolling mill before being brought to the construction site.

Of course, in addition to the form plates, additional reinforcements such as the reinforcing bars 50 shown in Fig. 13 can also be used.

Claims (10)

A method of producing a bonding structure as a combination of a molding sheet, usually a profile sheet of steel and concrete, characterized in that the molding sheet is formed by two or more sheet members (1, 10, 110, 111) of each other, which are placed into each other by corrugations (32; 49, 39, 139) in the disc elements and are fixed to each other by forming the corrugations. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least as a disc element, a net disc element (10), especially a so-called disc element, is used. cutting mesh, through which the openings of concrete mass are cast or sprayed onto the surface by an impermeable disc element (1). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the walls (39, 49, 139) of the different disc elements (1, 10, 110) are made different high and by utilizing the height differences of the walls, the disc elements (1, 10, 110) are fixed. ) at a distance from each other. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiled sheet elements (1, 10) are fixed to each other by the walls (32) of the opposite profile chambers to form a cell structure, and concrete (6, 8, 99) is sprayed or cast on the cell structure. one or both sides. Method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the cam of the fastening carriage (32; 39, 49, 139) is extended or pivoted to a lateral mud (22) and the concrete mass is cast or insorbed in the area (77). ) between the side-out edge and the mold plate (1, 10, 110). 6. Method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the mold plate (1, 10, 110) is biased by tension in the direction of the fastening walls (32; 39, 49, 149). 7. Molded sheet structure for use in a bonding structure consisting of a combination of a profile sheet (1) of steel and concrete (6, 8, 99), characterized in that the molded sheet consists of two or more sheet members (1, 10, 110, 111). on each other, which are placed into each other at the walls (32; 39, 49, 139) and affixed, oenon forming the walls. 8. A sheet metal structure according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one sheet element (10) is network-like, in particular a so-called. cutting net with a whole disk area (17), in which the mounting wall (49) is arranged. Molded sheet structure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that at least one sheet element (1) is impermeable to concrete. Molded sheet structure according to any of claims 7-9, characterized in that two sheet members are fixed at a distance from each other by attaching between them a third, profiled sheet member, and at least on a surface ·· - formed by the shaped sheet in this way. cast or sprayed concrete (6).