ES2961633T3 - Insulation of door and window frames - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for insulating a cavity of an aluminum profile section or a cavity with thermal break of a fixed frame or aluminum opening frame of a door or window, the method comprising the following steps of: (a) inserting, within said cavity, an insulating device comprising a foam body made of a first polymer composition of polygonal cross section provided on at least one surface, preferably on each of two opposite surfaces, with one or more fins foam or non-foam made of a second polymeric composition, wherein the distance between said finned surface of the foam body and the opposite surface, or preferably between the two opposite finned surfaces of the foam body, respectively, represents 80 at 97% of the distance separating the corresponding faces of the cavity, wherein the foam body manufactured from the first polymer composition is based on one or more (co)polyesters; and (b) heating the aluminum profile section or the aluminum frame to a temperature greater than a temperature between 180 and 250 ° C to cause the second polymer composition to soften or melt, the foam body to expand and the fins become compressed by the expansion of the foam body, and cool the aluminum profile section or the aluminum frame to cause solidification of the second polymer composition, fixing the insulating device to the corresponding face or faces of the cavity. (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Insulation of door and window frames

Technical field

The present invention relates to the insulation of aluminum profiles or frames for doors and windows, and more particularly to the insulation of the spaces between the inner and outer profiles of a frame.

State of the art

Thermal bridge breaking through assembly is an insulation technique used in aluminum casements and sleepers to increase the insulation performance of this type of frames. The principle is simple: a poorly thermally conductive material (that is, clearly less thermally conductive than aluminum) is crimped between the interior and exterior aluminum profiles of the casement and sleeper to reduce reciprocal temperature exchanges from the inside to the outside of the building or to the reverse. The bars are generally profiles of plastic material with an elongated cross section and which have at each end of this section a mechanical fixing system complementary to a fixing system provided on the internal faces of the inner and outer profiles, for example a fixing in dovetail The inner and outer aluminum profiles assembled by these bars form a composite profile, also called a frame, thus generally comprising one or more cavities between the two profiles, hereinafter called thermal break assembly cavity(s). . Now, it is well known that in the cavities provided in the aluminum profiles themselves, air convection and/or radiation can negatively influence the insulation performance of the assembly. The same occurs in the case of the cavity of the thermal break assembly in which the convection of the air and/or especially the radiation between the internal faces of the exterior and interior profiles increase the energy flow and therefore the energy losses through the frame.

Solutions exist in which the cavity of the thermal break assembly is at least partially filled with a foamed polymeric material. However, unlike profile cavities, the cavity filling of the thermal break assembly cannot be co-extruded with the profile (as for example in EP 2501 530 A1), but must be done in the moment of thermal break assembly or after, therefore during or after the assembly of the two inner and outer profiles by means of bars. In a known manner, a polymer foam profile of appropriate section is inserted either by previously fixing it to one of the bars (filled during assembly) or even simply by sliding a polymer foam profile into the cavity at one of the ends of the assembled frame ( filling after assembly). It should be noted that the sliding of a foam in long longitudinal cavities can be difficult, especially if the foam section must completely fill said cavity and/or if the foam profile to be inserted is very flexible or friable. Another technique consists of injecting polyurethane foam (PUR) in liquid form on at least one of the bars before assembling them with the interior and exterior aluminum profiles. The expansion of the PUR foam takes place freely outside the limits of the bar. This procedure does not, however, allow the entire cavity to be filled and the shape of the foam is generally rounded.

Aluminum frames are mostly covered with one (or several) layer(s) of finish applied according to known techniques. A technique often used is thermo-lacquering. Thermo-lacquering is a procedure used to paint profiles in a durable way. Once the profiles have been stripped, cleaned of impurities and pre-treated to ensure perfect adhesion of the lacquer, a paint powder, for example a polyester paint powder, is applied by electrostatic sprinkling, depositing colored particles. In an oven heated to approximately 200°C, polymerization then hardens the assembly to stabilize the chosen coating.

However, at these temperatures, many plastic materials (hence, in this case, bars) soften, lose their rigidity and therefore, if necessary, run the risk of losing their shape and initial dimensions. Likewise, certain types of foams (e.g. polyurethanes) previously inserted into the thermal break assembly cavity may also soften and lose their initial dimensions, or even collapse, which may result in a lower insulation effect, even null, of the inserted foam profile.

Another frequently used technique is the anodization of the aluminum profiles or the frame. In a simplified way, the anodizing operation, which is an operation that does not involve high temperatures like thermo-lacquering, consists of producing a thin layer of resistant aluminum oxide (alumina) on the surface of a profile, which can act on its decorative appearance. . It is carried out through controlled oxidation using chemical or electrolytic coloring. To do this, the pieces to be anodized are immersed in several successive baths, which ensure first the preparation of the surface of the profile or frame, then the production of the alumina with, if desired, the deposit of an appearance and a color and, finally, the stabilization of the alumina layer through an operation called "clogging" which consists of hydrating the alumina layer to obtain good corrosion resistance.

The presence of foam in the cavities of a profile or a frame can affect the anodizing operation mainly due to the capillary phenomenon at the points of contact of the foam with the walls of the cavity. Since anodizing requires successive contact of the surfaces to be treated with different solutions, capillarity prevents complete flow and correct rinsing of the surfaces after each operation. The anodizing treatment therefore risks being incomplete at the points of contact with the foam, respectively incompletely rinsed treatment products risk deteriorating the foam and therefore also resulting in a minor, even zero, insulation effect of the inserted foam profile. Document EP 2 799 654 A1 discloses a procedure for insulating a thermal break assembly cavity of an aluminum door or window casement or sleeper frame. Document EP 2 799 654 A1 also discloses a device for insulating a thermal break assembly cavity of an aluminum casement or sleeper frame of a door or window.

Object of the invention

An object of the present invention is, therefore, to propose a polymeric foam profile of suitable cross section to insulate an aluminum profile cavity and preferably a thermal break assembly cavity by reducing energy losses by convection. and/or radiation, which can be used in profiles or frames intended for thermo-lacquering.

Overview of the invention

In order to solve the problem mentioned above, the present invention proposes, in a first aspect, a method of insulating a cavity of an aluminum profile or a thermal break assembly cavity of an aluminum swing frame. or door or window sleeper, the procedure comprising the following stages:

(a) insertion, in said cavity, of an insulation device comprising a foamed body of a first polymer composition of polygonal cross section provided on at least one surface, preferably on (each of) two opposite surfaces of one or more foamed or non-foamed fins of a second polymer composition, wherein the distance between said surface provided with fins and the surface opposite it, respectively preferably between the two opposite surfaces provided with fins of the foamed body, represents 80 to 97 % of the distance that separates the corresponding faces of the cavity, in which the foamed body of the first polymer composition is based on one or more (co)polyesters, preferably of the polyalkylene terephthalate type, such as, for example, polyalkylene terephthalate. polyethylene (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybutylene naphthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), etc., and

(b) heating the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame to a temperature between 180 and 250°C, to cause a softening or melting of the second polymer composition, an expansion of the foamed body and the compression of the fins against the corresponding walls of the cavity due to the expansion effect of the foamed body, and cooling of the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame causing the solidification of the second polymeric composition that fixes the insulation device to the corresponding face or faces of the cavity.

In certain variants of the process according to the invention comprising steps (a) and (b), it is also planned to also carry out the following step (b'):

(b') anodization comprising the immersion of the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame in several successive baths that ensure the preparation of the surface of the profile or the frame, the production of alumina on said surfaces, optionally with the deposit of a and/or of a color and the stabilization of the alumina layer through a clogging operation.

In an advantageous variant, the process, which comprises steps (a) and (b), further comprises, before or after step (a), a step (x) of spraying a paint powder, for example polyester, preferably by electrostatic dusting, on the outer faces of the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame, the polyester paint powder melting in step (b) to form a protective coating (thermo lacquer). A process comprising steps (a), (x) and (b) is therefore a thermo-lacquering process as described above.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a device for insulating a cavity of an aluminum profile or of a thermal break assembly cavity of an aluminum frame of a door or window casement or sleeper, which comprises a body foamed with a first polymer composition of polygonal cross section provided on at least one surface, preferably on (each of) two opposite surfaces of one or more foamed or non-foamed fins of a second polymer composition, in which the foamed body of The first polymer composition comprises a foam based on polyesters, preferably of the polyalkylene terephthalate type, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polybutylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene (PTT), etc.

As mentioned above, the problem of insulation of a cavity, particularly in the case of a thermal break assembly cavity, is twofold: on the one hand, the foam inside the cavity must cover the entire distance between the bars in order to guarantee the absence of convection and/or radiation between the two internal faces of the two exterior and interior profiles, and, in the case of thermo-lacquering, it must remain intact even after a heating procedure without deforming the bars softened by the heat of the thermo-lacquering. It should be noted that in the case of supplementary adonization, this will avoid the retention of liquids from the successive baths due to capillarity, that is, it must allow the flow and correct rinsing of the surfaces of the profile or frame.

Now, in the case of heating (steps (a) and (b)), especially in the case of thermo-lacquering (steps (a), (x) and (b)) as indicated above, a foam contained in a cavity runs the risk of deterioration, even partial collapse. In fact, it has been observed that the foam included in the cavity will expand even more when it is subjected to temperatures higher than those of its initial foaming, this phenomenon being later called thermal expansion. If the foam is heated to too high temperatures, the cell walls will break down and the foam may collapse. Consequently, the first polymeric composition comprises (co)polyesters that have good rigidity even at the high temperatures of a thermo-lacquer. However, the inventors have verified that, by proceeding in this way, the forces exerted by the foam subjected to thermal expansion are susceptible to deforming the bars. Currently, the trend is to improve the insulation performances of the bars by making them less dense (through foaming, for example) and/or thinner, which further increases the risk of deformation when thermo-lacquering takes place.

Furthermore, the inventors have found that the foam can contract again (at least partially) during cooling to room temperature after heating or thermo-lacquering and thus release again a part of the distance between the bars and, therefore, reduce the insulation performance of the frame.

The inventors then designed the insulation devices according to the invention by slightly reducing the initial size of the foam body with respect to the distance between two bars and providing, at least on one side, fins that, at the heating or thermo-lacquering temperature, become they will soften or melt, they will be crushed by the thermally expanding foam, they will solidify especially later (at a lower temperature) than the foam of the body and thus will not only fill any space of new contraction, if necessary, they will even glue the body of foam to the bars. Said bonding, depending on the choice of the nature of the second polymeric composition, is also particularly advantageous, because it allows not only the insulation performance to be increased, but also the mechanical rigidity of the assembly. The inventors have determined that, in certain variants, for the isolation device to be particularly adapted in an isolation process comprising steps (a) and (b) or steps (a), (x) and (b), It is preferable to choose the second polymeric composition preferably from among the polymeric compositions capable of softening or melting at a temperature lower than a temperature between 180 and 250°C. However, they have also found that an insulation device can also be useful in an insulation procedure comprising steps (a) and (b) or steps (a), (x) and (b), even if the temperature softening or melting of the second composition is only slightly inferior, even identical to that of the first composition, that is to say of the foamed body. Indeed, when the aluminum profile or frame is heated, the fins being located closer to the surfaces of the profile, they tend to overheat more quickly than the foamed body. It should be noted that in these cases, the heating step must be controlled, however, more precisely both in terms of temperature and in terms of heating time.

Starting from these observations, the inventors have determined that it would also possibly be interesting to provide a foam that, beyond a certain temperature, would be subject not only to thermal expansion, but also to a new additional foaming, even more important than thermal expansion. , so that it fills said cavity to the maximum, that is, by means of post-foaming. Therefore, a certain amount of chemical foaming agents is optionally provided that do not decompose at the temperatures of the initial extrusion of the foam, but would decompose under the effect of the temperatures of the heating step (b) and/or or a certain amount of liquid physical foaming agents at room temperature, as described in more detail below, thus making even better insulation possible.

In the case of anodization, the fins provided according to the invention play the role of spacer elements that make it possible to keep the surface(s) of the foam body at a certain distance from the corresponding surfaces of the profile or frame, preferably at a distance of 4 to 8 mm, preferably 5 to 6 mm, so as to ensure the normal flow (without capillary effect) of the liquids in the treatment baths.

The inventors have further determined that it is not essential to avoid convection and/or radiation losses that the opposite sides of an insulation device according to the invention cover the entire distance between the corresponding surfaces of the profile or frame (i.e. that the insulation device must be in contact on two opposite sides with the profile or frame), but that a gap of up to about 2 to 3 mm, preferably up to about 1 to 2 mm, does not significantly decrease the insulation performance. Indeed, it has been found that a slit of such a small width does not allow significant convection through the slit (and therefore significant heat loss). This also applies to radiation losses, which are extremely low and therefore negligible under these conditions.

Consequently, the dimensions of an insulation device according to the invention can be selected so that they reach up to 3 mm, preferably up to 1 to 2 mm below those of the cavity without reducing the insulation performance, even in the case of a anodizing procedure without additional foam expansion step. A particular advantage is that the isolation device is much easier to insert into said cavity.

Generally, the fins can be of any cross section, preferably of polygonal shape and particularly preferably of slightly triangular or trapezoidal section. The number of fins per side of the foam body will be selected appropriately, in particular according to the dimensions of the cavity to be isolated, and will often be between 1 and 10, preferably between 2 and 5.

Insertion of the isolating device in step (a) may be performed in any appropriate manner. In one variant, the insulation device is inserted into the thermal break assembly cavity after the profiles have been assembled into the frame, inserting it through one end of the frame. In another advantageous variant, the insulating device is inserted with one of the bars at the time of assembly. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to fix the insulating device on one of its sides to one of the bars, and then insert the bar provided with the insulating device into the grooves of the profiles. The fixation of the insulation device on the bar is carried out, for example, by gluing, welding, co-extrusion, etc. In this case, the fins are located at least on the side opposite to the side fixed to the bar and possibly on other sides, but not on the side fixed to the bar. In this context, it should be noted that the side fixed to the bar effectively prevents the capillary effect in case of anodization.

Particularly advantageously, the insulation method according to the invention is used for the insulation of a thermal break assembly cavity of an aluminum frame. In these variants, the fins or at least a part of them are located in front of a bar, either in direct contact, or at a very small distance, less than 3 mm, even less than 2 mm.

The first polymeric composition, that is, the one that forms the foamed body of the insulation device, is preferably a composition comprising (co)polyesters, in particular PET, PBT, PTT, PEN, etc., or mixtures thereof. , as sole polymers, or possibly in combination with other (co)polymers, such as the impact modifying polymers known for (co)polyesters, ethylene copolymers, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers (EMA), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers (EEA), ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers (EBA), ethylene copolymers modified by groups such as, for example, maleic anhydride or glycidyl methacrylate, etc., thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), such as thermoplastic polyester elastomers (TPC), unvulcanized olefinic thermoplastic elastomers (TPO) or vulcanized (TPV), thermoplastic urethane elastomers ( TPU), thermoplastic styrenic elastomers (TPS), thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPA), etc. The densities of the foamed body are generally between 30 and 400 kg/m3, preferably between 60 and 250 kg/m3, preferably between 80 kg/m3 and 100 kg/m3.

The second polymeric composition, that is, the one that forms the fins of the insulation device, comprises one or more polymers selected from cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene copolymers modified or not by groups such as, for example, maleic anhydride, thermoplastic elastomers ( TPE, such as TPS, TPU, TPC, TPV, TPO), (co)polyesters (PET, PBT, PTT, PEN, etc.) and is eventually foamed. The densities of the fins will generally be greater than 25 kg/m3, preferably between 100 kg/m3 and the unfoamed density of the second polymer composition.

In an advantageous variant for a heating process (steps (a) and (b)) or thermo-lacquering (steps (a), (x) and (b)), the first polymer composition (i.e. the foamed body) and/or or the second polymeric composition (i.e. the fins), therefore introduced before the initial foaming of the foamed body and/or, where appropriate, of the fins, comprise(s), as foaming agent(s) additional to the other physical and/or chemical foaming agents used for the initial foaming of these compositions, an amount between 0.001 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 3% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3% by weight 2% by weight of at least one chemical foaming agent selected from the chemical agents that decompose at temperatures higher than those used for the initial foaming of the foamed body, preferably the usable chemical agents that decompose at temperatures higher than 180° C and are advantageously selected from hydrazine derivatives, such as azodicarbonamide, tetrazoles, such as 5-phenyltetrazole, mixtures of carbonate salts and acids, such as mixtures of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The so-called chemical post-foaming in the case of chemical foaming agents is carried out by the additional volume of gas generated by the decomposition of the chemical foaming agent, the gas being initially contained in the cells and the gas generated when heating takes place. highest temperature simultaneously subjected to thermal expansion.

As a variant or in addition, the first polymeric composition and/or the second polymeric composition, therefore introduced before the initial foaming of the foamed body and/or, where appropriate, of the fins, may comprise, as the sole foamed or in addition to other physical and/or chemical foaming agents commonly used for foaming said compositions, an amount between 0.001 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 3% by weight, in particular of the 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one liquid physical foaming agent at room temperature (and at atmospheric pressure), preferably selected from alkanes having a boiling point greater than 25°C, in particular n- pentane, isopentane or cyclopentane, hexanes (all isomers), heptanes, etc., or also ethanol, dimethyl ether, etc., or their mixtures. The presence of these foaming agents in the first and/or second polymer composition will cause post-foaming inside the cavity when heating or thermo-lacquering takes place. Indeed, the phenomenon responsible for the so-called physical post-foaming in the case of liquid physical foaming agents at room temperature results not only from the liquefaction and then re-evaporation of the initial physical foaming agent, but also results from a combination with the phenomenon of gas exchange through cell walls. This phenomenon is well known in the sector and is the reason why generally the gas initially responsible for foaming will be progressively exchanged for atmospheric air. The so-called physical post-foaming described herein takes advantage of the air permeability and liquefaction of normally liquid agents at room temperature which causes the entry of air into the cells to increase by reducing the volume of the foaming agent being used. liquefies upon cooling. After a certain time, the cells therefore contain not only the initial amount of foaming agent (the volume of which is reduced by its change of state), but also a significant amount of air. If said foam is then heated, its volume will consequently increase even more, when the liquid foaming agent evaporates again.

It should be noted that the presence of said chemical and/or physical foaming agent, although not necessary in the case of a procedure that includes anodization (steps (a), (b) and (b')), does not negatively influence in the performance of the isolation device.

The foaming agents that can be used for the initial foaming of the first and/or second polymeric compositions can be physical or chemical foaming agents or a combination of these two types. Physical foaming agents, such as in particular molecular nitrogen, carbon dioxide, linear or branched alkanes from Ci to C4, are present in gaseous form under normal temperature and pressure conditions. These gases or liquids are soluble in the molten polymer compositions at high temperature and high pressure, and form a single phase under the appropriate pressure and temperature conditions. By depressurizing the single-phase system, the nucleation and growth of gas bubbles that have become insoluble generate a cellular structure. The foaming agent(s) are preferably selected from propane, isobutane, n-butane and/or carbon dioxide. Chemical foaming agents decompose under the effect of a rise in temperature. They can be classified into two families: exothermic chemical foaming agents, such as azodicarbonamide, oxydibenzenesulfonylhydrazide, etc. that decompose producing heat. For example, azodicarbonamide decomposes at about 210°C (see above if decomposition is not desired when initial foaming takes place), but in the presence of an appropriate decomposition accelerator, such as zinc oxide and/or stearate. of zinc, the decomposition temperature can be reduced by approximately 60°C. Endothermic chemical foaming agents decompose by absorbing heat. For example, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and their mixtures decompose between 150 and 230°C, and generally produce less gas volume per gram of chemical foaming agents than exothermic chemical foaming agents.

The invention also relates to aluminum profiles or aluminum frames comprising at least one cavity provided with an insulation device such as that described herein. Preferably, the aluminum profiles or aluminum frames have been subjected to thermo-lacquering and possibly anodizing after inserting the insulation device into at least one of the cavities of the profile or frame. Advantageously, the cavity provided with an insulation device according to the invention is a thermal break assembly cavity of a frame.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides for the use of an insulation device according to the invention for the insulation of cavities in aluminum profiles or in thermal break assembly cavities of an aluminum frame to improve its insulation performance.

A thermal break assembly cavity is the cavity formed when two profiles (generally one intended to be located outside and one intended to be located inside a building) are joined by means of bars in order to prevent a bridge. thermal between the two profiles. A thermal break assembly cavity is therefore generally of polygonal section, often roughly rectangular, delimited on one side by two bars and on the other side by the internal faces (facing each other) of the two profiles.

The bars that can be used for the thermal break assembly of two profiles to form a frame are those generally used in the sector, preferably they are made of polyamide, in particular polyamide 6.6, in a mixture composed of poly(phenylene oxide). and by polystyrene (PS/PPO), for example Noryl, dense or foamed, optionally reinforced with glass fibers, and generally have an essentially linear central section comprising at each end a partial section allowing mechanical fixation with a corresponding section provided in the profiles, for example a so-called dovetail section or similar. It should be noted that the bars may have a more complex cross section, but nevertheless always comprise at least two mechanical fixing areas for joining (at least) two profiles.

Brief description of the drawings

Other particularities and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the detailed description of some advantageous embodiments presented below, by way of illustration, with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:

Figure 1: is a cross section through an embodiment of an isolation device according to the invention;

Figure 2: is a cross section through a door or window frame embodiment, in which a variant of an insulation device according to Figure 1 has been inserted into a thermal break assembly cavity, before the warm-up procedure (b); and

Figure 3: is a cross section through the embodiment of the door or window frame of Figure 2, in which the variant of an insulation device in the thermal break assembly cavity is shown after having been subjected to heating (step (b)), for example when thermo-lacquering takes place.

Description of a preferred embodiment

Figure 1 shows a variant of an insulation device 40 according to the invention comprising a foamed body 41 and fins 42 arranged on at least one side (in this case two opposite sides) of the foamed body 41. The foamed body 41 has preferably the shape of the cross section of the cavity to be isolated, but its dimensions are smaller (at least in the direction that joins the bars), for example 80 to 97% of the distance that separates the corresponding opposite sides of The cavity. The fins 42 can be non-foamed (compact) or foamed.

Figure 2 shows the insulation device 40 shown in Figure 1 after its insertion into a cavity (11, 21, 31), in this case the thermal break assembly cavity 31 of a frame formed by the inner profile 10, the outer profile 20, and the thermal break assembly formed by the bars 3o. The insulation device 40 has not yet undergone a post-foaming treatment by heating to higher temperatures than when its extrusion takes place so as to decompose the chemical post-foaming agent. This figure also somewhat illustrates the case of the insulation device that has undergone heating (step (b)) in the absence of chemical foaming agent after cooling and reshrinking of the foamed body, except that in this particular case the fins would have lost its initial shape due to compression due to the expansion of the foamed body due to heating and its stretching due to the re-contraction of the foamed body when cooling takes place.

Finally, Figure 3 shows the insulation device 40 of Figure 2 after the heating procedure (step (b)), for example after thermo-lacquering, in the particular case in which the foamed body 41 comprised a certain amount of agent. of chemical foaming not yet decomposed before heating and/or a liquid physical foaming agent at room temperature, as described above in more detail, the foamed body having increased in volume by post-foaming (and also by physical expansion of the gas contained in the foam cells) and having crushed the softened or molten fins 42, and then resolidified after cooling to room temperature. The melted and resolidified fins 42 adhere to both the bars 30 and the foamed body 41, thus forming an effective insulation device against convection and/or radiation between the two outer 20 and inner 10 profiles of the frame.

Legend

10 inner profile

11 cavity in interior profile

20 outer profile

21 cavity in external profile

30 bar

31 cavity thermal break assembly

40 isolation device

41 foamed body

42 fins

Claims (16)

1. Procedure for insulating a cavity in an aluminum profile or a thermal break assembly cavity (31) of an aluminum door or window frame or sleeper, the procedure comprising the following steps: (a) insertion, in said cavity, of an insulation device (40) comprising a foamed body (41) of a first polymer composition of polygonal cross section provided on at least one surface, preferably (42) on each of two opposite surfaces, of one or more foamed or non-foamed fins of a second polymer composition, wherein the distance between said surface provided with fins of the foamed body and the surface opposite it, respectively preferably between the two opposite surfaces provided of fins of the foamed body represents 80 to 97% of the distance that separates the corresponding faces of the cavity, in which the foamed body of the first polymeric composition is based on one or more (co)polyesters, preferably of the terephthalate type of polyalkylene, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene naphthalate and/or polytrimethylene terephthalate, and (b) heating the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame to a temperature between 180 and 250°C to cause a softening or melting of the second polymer composition, an expansion of the foamed body and compression of the fins due to the effect expansion of the foamed body, and cooling of the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame causing the solidification of the second polymeric composition that fixes the insulation device to the corresponding face(s) of the cavity. 2. Insulation procedure according to claim 1, in which the insulation device is fixed on one of its sides to one of the bars (30) when the assembly of the profiles in the frame takes place, the fins are at least less on the side opposite to the side fixed to the bar, the fixation of the insulation device on the bar being carried out preferably by gluing, welding or coextrusion. 3. Insulation procedure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising, before or after step (a), a step (x) of spraying a paint powder, preferably polyester, in particular by electrostatic dusting, on outer faces of the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame, the paint powder melting in step (b) to form a protective coating. 4. Insulation method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the foamed body and/or the fins comprise an amount between 0.001 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 3%. by weight, in particular 0.1 to 2%. by weight of at least one chemical foaming agent not yet decomposed and decomposable at the temperatures of step (b). 5. Insulation method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the foamed body and/or the fins comprise an amount between 0.001 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 3%. by weight, in particular 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one liquid physical foaming agent at room temperature, preferably selected from alkanes having a boiling point greater than 25°C, in particular n -pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, all isomers of hexane or heptane, ethanol, dimethyl ether, or mixtures thereof. 6. Isolation procedure according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second polymer composition comprises one or more polymers selected from cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene copolymers modified or not by groups, such as, for example, maleic anhydride, elastomeric thermoplastics and the second polymeric composition is preferably foamed. 7. Insulation method according to one of the preceding claims, for the insulation of a thermal break assembly cavity of an aluminum frame, in which at least a part of the fins is in contact with a bar. 8. Insulation device (40) of a cavity of an aluminum profile or of a thermal break assembly cavity (31) of an aluminum frame of a door or window casement or sleeper, comprising a body foam (41) of a first polymer composition of polygonal cross section provided on at least one surface, preferably on each of two opposite surfaces, with one or more fins (42) foamed or non-foamed of a second polymer composition, in the that the foamed body of the first polymeric composition is based on polyesters, preferably of the polyalkylene terephthalate type, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene naphthalate and/or polytrimethylene terephthalate, and the second polymeric composition has a softening or melting temperature lower than a temperature between 180 and 250°C. 9. Insulation device according to claim 8, wherein the foamed body and/or the fins comprise/comprise an amount between 0.001 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 3% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 2% by weight of undecomposed chemical foaming agent, preferably selected from hydrazine derivatives, such as azodicarbonamide, tetrazoles, such as 5-phenyltetrazole, mixtures of carbonate salts and acids, such as mixtures of baking soda and citric acid. 10. Insulation device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the foamed body and/or the fins comprise an amount between 0.001 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 3% by weight. , in particular 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one liquid physical foaming agent at room temperature, preferably selected from alkanes having a boiling point greater than 25°C, in particular n-pentane , isopentane, cyclopentane, all isomers of hexane or heptane, ethanol, dimethyl ether, or mixtures thereof. 11. Insulation device according to claims 8 to 10, in which the fins have been fixed to the foamed body by co-extrusion, post-extrusion, gluing or thermal welding, and/or in which the density of the foamed body is between 30 and 400 kg/m3, preferably between 60 and 250 kg/m3, preferably between 80 kg/m3 and 100 kg/m3. 12. Insulation device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the second polymer composition comprises one or more polymers selected from cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene copolymers modified or not by groups such as, for example, maleic anhydride, elastomeric thermoplastics, (co)polyesters, preferably of the polyalkylene terephthalate type, such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof , optionally in combination with other (co)polymers, such as impact modifying polymers, ethylene copolymers or elastomeric thermoplastics, and the second polymer composition is preferably foamed. 13. Insulation device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the density of the fins is greater than 25 kg/m3, preferably between 100 kg/m3 and the non-foamed density of the second polymer composition. 14. Aluminum profile or aluminum frame comprising at least one cavity provided with an insulation device according to any one of claims 8 to 13, the aluminum profile or the aluminum frame having preferably been subjected to heating at a temperature between 180 and 250°C. 15. Aluminum frame according to claim 14, wherein the cavity provided with an insulation device according to any one of claims 8 to 13 is a thermal break assembly cavity. 16. Use of an insulation device (40) according to any one of claims 8 to 13 for the insulation of cavities in aluminum profiles or in thermal break assembly cavities (31) of an aluminum frame for improve their insulation performance, the aluminum profiles or aluminum frames having preferably been subjected to heating to a temperature between 180 and 250°C after inserting the insulation device into the aluminum profiles or aluminum frames .