ES2729949T3 - Slab for a rail vehicle and / or a vehicle on guided tires - Google Patents

Abstract

Elementary structure (1) for linear infrastructure of guided systems, intended to be placed adjacent to another similar elementary structure (1), comprising: - a prefabricated slab (2) having an upper surface (6), a lower surface (7) and four lateral edges (30), configured to receive, on the upper surface (6), rails (10) for railway guidance system and / or rolling planes (25) for tire guidance system, - a cover (31) placed and fixed by mechanical assembly or by gluing at least under the bottom surface (7) of the slab (2), the cover (31) being made of a polyurethane material.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Slab for a rail vehicle and / or a vehicle on guided tires

Technical scope

The present invention relates to a prefabricated elementary structure for all types of linear infrastructure intended for a rail and / or pneumatic guided system, whether permanent or temporary, intended for the transport of people, material, materials, goods and / or maneuvering. machinery. The invention also relates to an assembly of a plurality of elementary structures, as well as to a manufacturing process for said elementary structure and to an installation procedure for this structure.

Prior art and objectives of the invention

Within the scope of the invention, a prefabricated reinforced concrete plate is known from EP 1218596, providing a precise adjustment of the plates with the help of a steel bar placed by default on the plate.

Document DE 44 39 816 describes a process for producing a molded concrete body to support the rails and having at least one outer support surface provided with a layer of elastic material. To ensure the adhesion of the layer of elastic material on the concrete surface, the molded concrete body is made in a mold at least partially lined with an elastic insulating coating of open porosity, and then filled with concrete, so that After fixing the concrete, the insulating coating is together with the support slab of the rails.

On the other hand, document FR 2648490 is a method of molding railway sleepers. Document FR 2982622 describes a support concrete slab of at least two rows of rails of a railway track, each rail of a row having its skate removably fixed at the bottom of the corresponding groove by mechanical means. Two parallel bands of elastomeric material are removably fixed respectively in two grooves of the slab bordering the groove so that the two strips obtain the two rail gorges defined by the groove on either side of the rail.

WO 2012/034847 is also known as a track slab for rail-guided vehicles, the slab being made of precast concrete and provided with rails. The slab comprises electrical conductors to transmit energy to the vehicle.

US 3942449 discloses a self-guided vehicle for transport system that includes a road with a pair of elongated parallel tracks whose shape in convex cross-section, the vehicle having wheels provided with tires and means for propulsion of the vehicle on the road. The wheels of the vehicle are guided by the tracks.

The invention aims to provide a prefabricated elementary structure that allows free movement of pedestrians and / or guided vehicles or not, particularly in order to improve the pace of completion of the work. The invention also aims to provide a prefabricated elementary structure that can be exploited by all types of linear infrastructures intended for guided systems, which can be installed on different types of supports such as platforms, work sites when the structures are different, board when the element is integrated or not in the work of aerial technique.

The invention also aims to provide a prefabricated elementary structure that allows vibration attenuation while maintaining a minimum longitudinal and / or transverse deflection level of said structure under the load of the guided system.

Elementary structure

In order to solve all or part of the aforementioned objectives, the present invention thus has an elementary structure for linear infrastructure of guided systems, intended to be placed adjacent to another similar elementary structure, comprising:

- a prefabricated slab that has an upper surface, a lower surface and four lateral edges, configured to receive, on the upper surface, rails for rail guided system and / or rolling planes for a guided system on tires,

- a cover arranged and fixed at least under the lower surface of the slab.

The slab is advantageously made in a monolithic way, in one piece.

The slab comprises, for example, on its upper surface, at least two linear grooves configured to allow the fixing of rails or profiles for rail guided system and / or at least two linear grooves or linear projections configured to allow the realization of rolling planes for guided system on tires.

In this case, the linear grooves may consist of hollow linear parts formed during the manufacture of the slab. The slab can then comprise a substantially parallelepipedic base and an enhancement on the base. The enhancement may consist of three parts, namely two outer side parts and a central part that defines the two linear grooves between them. In this case, the elementary structure is provided to advantageously receive rails, arranged parallel to each other, in the grooves, and / or tread planes of guided systems on tires. Pedestrian circulation is equally possible, particularly on the central part of the enhancement.

Always in this case, the presence of the enhancement in three parts allows the upper surface of the enhancement located between and outside the part of the slab that receives the profiles, particularly rails, rolling and rail guidance, to be substantially level of the tread. The cavities between these profiles and the parts of the enhancement can then allow the drift of a moving material to be confined during its guidance, giving the elementary structure an anti-derailment function. The edges of the cavities can be reinforced by profiles as needed and serve as a "counter-rail" for safety.

When the upper surface of the parts of the enhancement is substantially at the level of the rolling plane, the cavities between the profiles and the parts of the enhancement can allow the eclisado by introducing mechanical parts supported on the walls of the grooves to consolidate, in particular, immediately a broken lane.

In variant, the enhancement may comprise a single central part that overmounts the base. In this case, the elementary structure is provided to advantageously receive rails, arranged parallel to each other. The elementary structure then allows the movement of moving material on the rail, and pedestrians between the rails, particularly on the central part formed by the enhancement, allowing the elementary structure the suppression of sleepers.

In a variant still, the enhancement can comprise only the lateral parts and not the central part.

In another variant, the slab can only comprise a parallelepiped base. In this case, the elementary structure advantageously comprises rails, placed parallel to each other. The elementary structure then allows the movement of the moving material on the rail, and pedestrians between the rails, allowing the elementary structure the elimination of sleepers.

Whatever the embodiment of the slab, the cover can cover all or part of the lower surface of the slab, preferably the entire lower surface of the slab. The cover can also cover all or part of at least one of the four side edges of the slab, preferably at least a part of the four side edges of the slab, particularly the four side edges of the slab on a portion of its height, starting from below.

The cover can be fixed to the slab by mechanical assembly, with the help of rivets, integrated or not in the cover, or by gluing.

The cover can be made of a material that allows vibration attenuation.

The elementary structure may comprise a mat, particularly a dilatable or damping mat, for example made of a polyurethane type material, sandwiched between the cover and the underside of the slab, and configured to allow vibration attenuation.

The cover is made of a polyurethane material, such as diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, also called MDI (Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate). MDI-type polyurethane has in particular the advantage of providing better electrical insulation in relation to electric traction currents, thus limiting the corrosive effect of stray currents when the traction energy return of the guided system uses rolling profiles of rail type, that is rails. In addition, MDI-type polyurethane is an inert, neutral and stable material, particularly in comparison to a material such as rubber whose non-stabilized chemical reaction causes it to harden over time and then to degrade, losing its initial properties. Finally, the MIDI-type polyurethane is a wear-resistant material due to friction related to deflection when the elementary structure is configured for vibration attenuation.

The dilatable properties of the cover or the mat can be different depending particularly on the objective considered in terms of vibration attenuation. In particular, if the cover or mat covers the lower surface of the slab, the stiffness of the cover or of the mat may be different in its covering part from the lower surface of the slab. Rigidity values result from complex studies on vibration attenuation, which take into account, without being limited, the specificities of the project, particularly the type of moving material, rail, track placement, train speed, the nature of the floors, the level of attenuation sought, etc. The stiffness is advantageously between 10kN / mm and approximately 40kN / mm.

The cover may allow insulating the support slab, such as a concrete seat, such as a mortar and / or a resin, on which it will be installed. This allows the support slab to be removable, and thus facilitate the maintenance of the slab. Thus, the slab can be replaced at the end of its life cycle or in the event of an accident, without altering the rest of the infrastructure on which the elementary structure is arranged, particularly its support such as the concrete seat, mortar and / or the resin This property also allows the substitution of the elementary structure to be considered in order to manage provisional configurations for the implementation of equipment such as track equipment.

The cover, when it is expandable or combined with a mat, associated with the slab, allows to consider high yields in terms of attenuation of vibrations of the order of -20 to -25dBV without generating a deflection greater than 2 mm. Deflection is a settlement of the elementary structure to the passage of moving loads, particularly of a train. Under the effect of the load, and mainly due to the presence of the cover and possibly the mat, placed under the slab in the elementary structure, it moves slightly downward, as if to sink. The mass of the slab, of approximately 6t, allows to significantly attenuate the vibrations in relation to the known systems on sleepers, but with a smaller deflection. Thus, the elementary structure according to the invention may allow the attenuation of vibrations to be more effective with a relatively low, acceptable level of deflection, of the order of approximately 2 mm. If the level of deflection is greater than this value, the repetitive bending of the lane produces a high level of vibration, which generates fatigue, which concurs with risks of premature lane rupture and alteration of the components of the indicated prefabricated elementary structure .

The cover can be presented in a basic version without attenuation of the vibrations, allowing to facilitate the replacement of the slab without damaging the support, or in a more elaborated version with equally attenuation of the vibrations, being the elementary structure in the latter case generally provided with the mat interspersed between slab and cover.

The structure may comprise a plurality of insertion elements, positioned by default, particularly in a grouped form, for example, by two or four or others, for fixing rails and / or rolling profiles and / or guiding system guidance systems. on tires

The central part of the slab, particularly between the linear grooves or linear projections closest to each other, formed or not by the central part of the enhancement, is advantageously flat and the width of this central part is sufficient to allow the movement of pedestrians over this central part according to the norms or decrees in force, being for example greater than 800 mm, preferably between 800 mm and 1200 mm approximately. When the slab comprises the two lateral parts of the enhancement, and not the central part, they allow the circulation of vehicles equipped with guides such as vehicles and / or trucks. When the slab is equipped with lateral parts and the central part of the enhancement, they allow the circulation of unguided vehicles such as vehicles and / or trucks.

In one embodiment, the slab comprises linear grooves for fitted rails of current type (60E1), such linear grooves have a depth between approximately 1.5 cm and 5 cm of the tread plane. In a variant, the slab can comprise linear grooves for rails fixed by insertion elements, such linear grooves having a depth between 1.5 cm and 15 cm approximately of the tread plane.

The elementary structure advantageously comprises insertion elements for fixing an energy supply system, particularly electrical energy, of said rail and / or pneumatic guided system.

The elementary structure may comprise a plurality of insertion elements for fixing guidance systems for a tire-guided system.

The guidance system or systems may comprise a power supply system, particularly electrical.

It should be noted that linear grooves or linear projections, of shallow depth or thickness, for example of depth or thickness between approximately 2 cm and 5 cm, may, in their factory or on-site manufacturing, be either equipped with sets of specific shims, which allow the positioning of striated metal profiles or not, or allow the rolling planes of pneumatic systems to be carried out on site, placing the rolling planes at the correct height. When there are linear grooves for the realization of rolling planes of pneumatic systems, it is planned to fill them at least partially, particularly with the help of resin, to realize a substantially projecting rolling plane to the adjacent parts of the elementary structure or of specific shims that receive the rolling profiles of pneumatic systems. When there are linear projections for the realization of rolling planes of pneumatic systems, it is planned to brush them at least partially in order to realize a substantially projecting rolling plane to the adjacent parts of the elementary structure This finish in the factory or in situ allows to adapt perfectly, that is to say approximately one millimeter or so, to the positioning of the elementary structure in the infrastructure.

By "linear" it is necessary to understand in the sense of the present invention that the grooves and / or projections extend longitudinally, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elementary structure, over the entire length of the elementary structure.

The slab can be made of a composite material selected from the group consisting of reinforced concrete, fiber reinforced concrete or any other suitable composite material.

The elementary structure can be used in any type of linear infrastructure destined for guided systems, installed on different types of support such as platform, underground work platform either tunnel type, workpiece or open ditch, on or integrated into the aerial work board for example viaduct type.

The elementary structure is applied to the current track and / or to particular types of track apparatus, particularly changing needles, glued insulating joint, expansion devices. In particular, the slab can comprise a needle change, then being specific for a type of needle change. This may allow the type of placement to be homogenized, to better manage the problem of vibration attenuation and associated deflection, manage transition lines between two adjacent zones of different vibration attenuation, manage provisional configurations, particularly in the case of contribution or withdrawal of track devices. That also allows, during the phase of realization of the system in the placement of the tracks, facilities in terms of kinematics of placement by performing the devices in two parts. This allows a continuous realization of one path after the other, therefore, less load breaking. Road devices are highly requested equipment. They can withstand significant pressures. They are usually supported in a large part of their linearity by sleepers that intercept the two tracks. From a behavioral point of view, when the track apparatus is placed on slabs in areas with vibration attenuation, the track apparatus is therefore more stable therefore particularly perennial than the moving parts: needles.

The prefabricated elementary roof structure allows to receive the specific components for the construction of linear infrastructures of guided systems, their maintenance and / or their renewal, in other words, the placement of the support of the infrastructure of guided rail systems and / or pneumatic, permanent or temporary, assigned to transport people, materials, materials, goods and / or machinery maneuver.

From the installation phase the concept is conducive to the free movement of the intervenors and autonomous machinery in the work.

In all the phases of realization of a project and after exploitation, the elementary roof structure allows managing the safety of the participants in the area defined as the "work", in particular when it is of a "closed" tunnel type configuration, viaduct and particularly with respect to the partial or total evacuation of the site of the different participants, of the circulation and of the conduction of the relief means.

At all stages, thanks to the invention, no obstacle hinders the movement of personnel. During the installation phase at a site, before the final settlement of the elementary structure (s), this area in the installation may be prohibited for circulation, but may be used in case of emergency evacuation.

The invention refers to the notion of a type of rail / road that allows the use of mobile material rail, autonomous and / or guided and / or mixed. This allows to reduce the investment costs of the necessary machines during the phases of construction of the system and of the mobile material of inspection, maintenance or emergency intervention.

Another advantage of the invention is to allow to avoid the pressures induced by the use of a significant amount of cast concrete at the destination site. In particular, the pressures inherent in the concrete preparation process (at the factory) in its supply (circulation and urban parking), in its driving mode (mixer, pumping, recovery, transfer) and in its placement (casting, vibrating, smoothing , cleaning), the pressures inherent to the important volumes of concrete related to the volumes to be filled and therefore to be carried out at the destination site, which condition the pace of completion of the work, the tensions inherent in the prolonged occupation of the all or part of the work for the installation of concrete conduction equipment. This aspect has the direct effect of extending the construction time of the work considered and / or the installation of the equipment to which it is intended. There are also the pressures inherent to the neutralization of the section on which the concrete is consolidated, in the delivery of administrative authorization almost exclusively during the day in urban areas, to the environmental damages exported, particularly noise (neighbors, shops, etc. .), to pollution (washing water, cleaning, etc.) outdoors.

The prefabricated elementary roof structure also allows to save the stresses induced by the reinforcement reinforcement at the destination. Among these, without being limited to them, we can mention the tensions inherent in the provision of reinforcement reinforcement, its storage, its manipulation, its assembly, its electromagnetic isolation, in the drainage of vagrant currents.

In addition, the prefabricated elementary structure allows to anticipate the manufacturing of the infrastructure regarding the availability of the works and thus optimize the installation delays on the site.

When the guided system or mobile material is provided for a rolling on rails, the rolling plane of the material is secured by rolling profiles (rails or others) fixed on projection on the slab or grooved in the linear grooves, or reserves, and / or maintained either by insertion elements anchored in the structure or seated and / or stuck in the groove. The guidance of the moving material is then ensured by the rolling profiles. The tensile electric energy of the moving material can be conducted by a third linear profile, the latter being supported by insulating blocks. The reserves in the elementary structure can allow taking into account the technological varieties available for these insulating blocks (geometry, spacing, etc.). When the guided system or mobile material is intended for rolling on tires, the rolling plane can be made in place of the linear grooves, either by application of a layer of materials or by brushing or by equipment of specific sets of shims , which allow positioning striated metal profiles or not. The guidance of the moving material is then ensured by two independent linear profiles or joined to the linear rolling profiles. The fixing of these linear profiles may be as described above. The traction electric energy of the mobile material can be transmitted by metallic linear profiles (rolling and / or guidance and / or a third profile). If the contribution of insulating blocks is desirable, reserves in the elementary structure will allow taking into account the technological varieties available for these insulating blocks (geometry, spacing, etc.).

When the elementary structure is configured to accommodate a guided rail system and a guided tire system, you can combine the features described above for each of these guided systems.

The sleeves (electricity, drainage, etc.) intended for the proper functioning of the guided system may be integrated into the prefabricated elementary structure. On the other hand, any type of insertion element can be positioned in the elementary structure, particularly allowing manipulation, adjustment in planimetry and / or altimetry thereof.

The number and the implantation of the insertion elements and / or reservations can be optimized, particularly increased, in order to anticipate mainly the modification of the separation between the fixing sleepers of the profiles (placement of insulating block, expansion apparatus, etc. .) as well as for reinforcement and / or repair during construction phases or for the intervention of maintenance services. The integrated insertion elements and / or reservations can particularly serve to reduce the separation between conventional profile fixing sleepers in pressing flat plot configurations and / or in the immediate consolidation of a broken profile.

All types of profiles (rails, rolling, guiding, feeding, etc.) necessary for guided systems can be used.

Mounting

The object of the invention is also, in combination with the foregoing, an assembly comprising a plurality of elementary structures such as those defined above arranged and fixed together in order to form a linear path for guided rail and / or pneumatic systems.

The assembly may further comprise rails or profiles fixed in the corresponding linear grooves or on the slab and / or rolling planes formed from the corresponding linear grooves and / or linear projections, and possibly guidance systems for pneumatic guidance systems.

The assembly can also comprise a power supply system for rail and / or pneumatic guided system. The assembly can form all or part of the infrastructure or work. In particular, the assembly can be integrated into an infrastructure.

The longitudinal assembly of several elementary structures makes it possible to constitute the seat structure of the linear infrastructure of the guided system: the rolling plane, the guidance, the energy conduction of the guided system considered.

The elementary structure is advantageously sometimes in whole or in part of an aerial civil engineering work of art (bridge or viaduct), such as that manufactured by naughty monoblocks, segments or parts assembled in a prefabrication zone or place of destination, or part of the hearth of an underground framework or tunnel work, or of a level platform.

The infrastructure formed or comprising several elementary roof structures allows to offer a pedestrian platform that can be circulated both by the construction, inspection, maintenance, operation, renovation, and by the public personnel that had to be evacuated from the site. It allows the cross flow of people in emergency evacuation operations. Allows the use of an attached device such as a gateway to be rendered useless.

Manufacturing procedure

The object of the invention is still, in combination with the foregoing, a method of manufacturing an elementary structure as defined above, characterized by the fact that it comprises the step of molding the slab on the roof, with a mat possibly interspersed between the slab and the cover, the slab comprising, for example, the linear grooves and / or linear projections, before transport to the site provided for the indicated structure. The cover, and possibly the mat, can be fixed to the slab, particularly under the lower surface and possibly over a portion at least the height of at least one of the four lateral edges, for example by mechanical assembly or gluing.

When the elementary structure comprises insertion elements, the manufacturing process advantageously comprises the step consisting of fixing the insertion elements in the slab.

Above manufacturing, the general conception of the transport system is impacted by the concept of a pedestrian path that can be circulated using autonomous or guided mobile material. Indeed, an infrastructure, particularly transport, capable of offering a significantly improved security framework achieves several targets of which the dimensions of civil engineering works. Thus, the regulation requires a standardized pedestrian path for the evacuation of the public. Offering this path, the invention makes useless the placement of specific equipment (walkway). Particularly follows the fact that the dimensions of the work can be minimized, the costs optimized, the deadlines be assured. With regard to the access to the work, in studies of conception of the system, road accesses can be provided online at the station and / or inter-station. These intermediate accesses, destined to the maintenance teams, respectively of exploitation as well as to the logistics of intervention of the aids, concur in a better exploitation of the system. As for the quality of construction, the prefabricated elementary structures in a fixed or foreign prefabrication area benefit from a better control of the construction quality process. The invention, modular, can be adapted to the specificities of the components to be incorporated in the elementary structure. The dimensions of the elementary structure as well as the location of the reserves can be selected according to the specificities of the transport system.

Installation procedure

The object of the invention is still, in combination with the foregoing, a method of installing an elementary structure as defined above, characterized by the fact that it comprises the following steps:

- install the elementary structure in its final location,

- casting a seating material, such as a mortar and / or a resin or a seating concrete, to solidify the indicated elementary structure, or arranging a seating material, such as a mortar and / or a resin or a seating concrete , to fix the indicated elementary structure

- solidify the elementary structure on the indicated material in said location, and

- fixing rails or profiles when linear grooves are provided for this purpose, particularly in a set of specific shims supplied with the elementary structure, with the help of insert elements for rails fixed by insertion elements or by adding a fixing material such as a mortar and / or a resin in the linear grooves around the rails for embedded rails, and / or - fix striated metal profiles or not in the set of specific shims or add a material such as a resin in the linear grooves to form the tread plane, when the linear grooves are provided for this purpose, or brush the linear projections to form the tread plane, and fix the guidance system of the tire guidance system with the help of the insertion elements provided for this effect.

By "brushing" is meant any technique of lifting material on the surface, such as brushing, grinding or other technique of lifting material on the surface.

When several elementary structures are fixed together, they can be fixed so that they are not together with each other in order to allow free passage of the drainage network and the cables necessary for the operation of the system. They may however be attached to each other, particularly to ensure their good behavior with respect to deflection or on linear roads with strong attenuation of vibrations or on aerial platform.

The technology of the prefabricated elementary structure is simple to prefabricate, fast and flexible to implement both for its installation, its renovation and for the realization of the tread planes and the installation of the components. These advantages persist, when the elementary structure differs from the supports (platform, floor) or is integrated (work board).

The elementary or prefabricated roof structures, provisioned and installed, which have been solidified or not, equipped or in the process of equipping all or part of its final components, allow the circulation of road machines. This possibility offers a panel of new alternatives, conducive to an optimized planning of the work of realization of the work both from the point of view of the infrastructure and the equipment to be installed in it.

The absence of obstacles in the circulation on / within the work, favors the continuous supply of materials and materials as well as the installation of assembly equipment.

The possibility of both pedestrian, railway, autonomous or guided and / or mixed (rail / road) traffic, allows and facilitates the coexistence of activities of different bodies of trades, particularly in a mandatory environment.

When the elementary structure differs from the infrastructure support, the elementary structures can be placed in place in their definitive topographic implementation. They can either be anchored and / or seated below the surface by a grout of concrete settlement, mortar, specific resin, bituminous or other. They can also be roadways and / or anchored laterally. The fixing of the railway and / or pneumatic treads on discrete or continuous supports can also be considered.

The elementary structure can advantageously serve for the renovation of an existing infrastructure, making it particularly in accordance with the safety standards that require an emergency evacuation route.

Figures

The invention may be better understood by reading the detailed description that follows, of non-limiting embodiments thereof, as well as the examination of the accompanying drawing in which:

- Figure 1 represents schematically in view above an example of elementary structure according to an embodiment of the invention,

- Figure 2 schematically represents in cross section the elementary structure of Figure 1, - Figure 3 represents schematically and partially, in sectional view, the elementary structure of Figures 1 and 2, the rails having been fixed ,

- Figure 4 schematically represents, in top view, an elementary structure according to another embodiment of the invention,

- Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the elementary structure of Figure 4, - Figure 6 represents a view similar to that of Figure 5, the rails having been fixed,

- Figure 7 schematically and partially represents in cross-sectional view an example of an elementary structure according to the invention,

- Figures 8 to 10 are views similar to Figure 7 of other embodiments of the invention,

- Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of elementary structure according to the invention for a viaduct, and

- Figure 12 illustrates schematically and partially, in top view, of an assembly example according to the invention, and

- Figures 13 and 14 represent schematically and in section two other examples of elementary structure according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows an elementary structure 1 for linear infrastructure of a guided system. This elementary structure 1 comprises a prefabricated slab 2 of generally rectangular shape, which has an upper surface 6, a lower surface 7, and four lateral edges 30 on the periphery of the slab 2. The slab 2, made in a monolithic manner, comprises this example at least two linear grooves 3, more visible in figure 2, configured to allow the fixing of rails for rail guided system. The length of the slab is in this example of 3.90 m and its width of 2.2 m. The height of the side edges starting from the bottom surface 7 to the bottom of the linear grooves 3 is approximately 20 cm.

In the example illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the elementary structure 1 comprises a cover 31 and a vibration attenuation mat 32, under the lower surface 7 of the slab. The cover 31 and the mat 32 are arranged and fixed to the slab, particularly by mechanical assembly with the aid of rivets, integrated or not in the cover or glued. This cover 31 is made in the form of a layer of an expandable material such as polyurethane MDI type polyether. The mat 32, made of polyurethane, is interposed between the lower surface 7 of the slab 2 and the cover 31 as can be seen.

Even in the example illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the slab 2 comprises two other linear grooves 4 configured to allow the realization of rolling planes for a tire-guided system. The linear grooves 4 are arranged as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3 in parallel and outside the linear grooves 3 as can be seen. The linear grooves 3 and 4 are parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the elementary structure 1.

The elementary structure 1 also comprises in this example a plurality of insertion elements 5 positioned by default to allow, in this example, the fixation of guided systems on tires. In the illustrated example, the insertion elements 5 are regrouped according to a square or rectangle of four insertion elements and are partially anchored in the slab 2, partially in projection above the upper surface 6 of the slab 2, as can be seen in figures 2 and 3.

During manufacturing, the slab 2 in the cover 31 provided with the mat 32, with the linear grooves 3 and 4, is made by molding material. The insertion elements 5 are fixed in the slab 2, before transporting the elementary structure thus prepared to the location provided for this elementary structure 1.

Once the elementary structure transported to the site, it is installed using the following steps. First, a fixing material, such as a mortar and / or a resin, may be provided at the intended location of the infrastructure for the elementary structure 1. The elementary structure 1 is then positioned on this material at this location. In variant, the elementary structure 1 is placed, then a seat concrete, a mortar and / or a resin is cast or injected between the elementary structure and its support. The cover 31 of the elementary structure 1 is intended to be in contact with the seat concrete, the mortar and / or the resin on which the elementary structure 1 is fixed. In this example, the rails 10 are fixed as illustrated in Figure 3 adding a fixing material such as a mortar and / or a resin in the linear grooves 3 around the rails 10 to obtain rails called "embedded". In another example, the rails 10 may be positioned on a set of specific shims and fixed by conventional hooks. In this case, the holes in the grooves can if necessary be filled by any type of filling material. On the other hand, a material such as a resin is added in the linear grooves 4 to form the tread plane 25 at the height that is convenient, particularly outcropping in adjacent parts of the elementary structure. In another example, the raceway 25 can also be carried out identically to the rail 10 positioned on a set of specific shims and, in a manner not illustrated in this example, the guidance system for the tire-guided system is fixed with the help of the Insertion elements 5 provided for this purpose.

The width L of the central flat part 12 of slab 2 between the linear grooves 3 closest to each other is sufficient to allow the movement in this central part 12 of pedestrians. The width of the side portions 14 of slab 2 outside the linear grooves 3 allows the movement of unguided vehicles, such as vehicles and / or trucks. The width L of the central part 12 is particularly greater than 800 mm, and preferably between 800 mm and 1200 mm approximately for the UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de fer) railway systems or another to adapt to the regional specificity considered .

It should be noted that the fixing of the rails 10 in the location and the realization of rolling planes in the linear grooves 4 provided for this purpose allow to adapt very precisely to the necessary height once the elementary structure 1 placed in the infrastructure.

Another similar elementary structure 1 is intended to extend on one side even on the two sides of the slab along the longitudinal axis X, in prolongation of each other, to form a linear path for the guided systems.

In Figures 4 to 6 another example of elementary structure 1 is shown, which differs from the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3 in that the rails are not already fitted in the linear grooves 3, but fixed with the aid of the elements Insert 13, visible in Figure 4, arranged two by two in this example. In this example, the linear grooves 3 are thus less deep than those in Figures 1 to 3.

On the other hand, still in this example, the rolling plane 25 is formed with the help of brushing the linear projections 9, as can be seen.

Finally, even in this example, the cover 31 is present under the lower surface 7 of the slab 2, but also covers a part of the height, starting from below, of the side edges 30 as can be seen. It would not go beyond the scope of the invention if the cover 31 covered the entire surface of the side edges, or if it only covered one, two or three of the four side edges, at least partially, or if it only covered partially the lower surface 7 of the slab 2. The height of the contour of the roof, advantageous to allow movement due to deflection, depends on the filling height of the seating concrete, in other words, on the depth of its fit. At this height, it is preferable to provide a margin in order to ensure that the concrete does not compromise the insulation of the track. In fact, concrete, conductive, wet, allows the passage of stray currents that corrode the steels of structures or the sacrificial steels positioned closest to the rails in the structure of the work. The height of the lateral edges 30 starting from the bottom to the bottom of the linear grooves is approximately 20 cm. The cover height of the cover 31 of the side edges 30 is in this example between 15 cm and 20 cm. The depth of the lace of the slab is included in this example between 10 cm and 15 cm from the bottom surface 7 of the slab 2.

In the example of figure 7, the slab 2 has, on the outside linear grooves 3, lateral parts 14 of the slab 2 that have a height greater than that of the central part 12 of the slab 2. They are displayed, in this figure, lanes 10 embedded in a mortar or resin 15 around rail 10, so that it emerges from the upper surface 6 of the slab 2 for the central part 12 between the rails 10 and to emerge from the upper surface 6 of the slab 2 in the lateral parts 14. In this figure, the mortar or resin M of seat or of union of the slab 2 to the foundations is also displayed. The foundations F are also visualized, which can be, for example, the hearth of an underground work or an aerial platform.

Figure 8 differs from Figure 7 in that a traction power supply system 20 of the railway systems has been added. This power supply system 20 comprises a profile 21 that serves to distribute / capture the energy of the electric traction raised to the positive potential (+), the negative potential (-) being realized by the rails 10. The power system 20 further comprises a support 22 as well as an insulator 23. The feeding system 20 is fixed to the slab 2 thanks to insert elements 8 provided in the slab 2 for fixing the feeding system 20.

The elementary structures 2 of Figures 7 and 8 are only intended for the circulation of guided rail systems. The elementary structure 1 of Figure 9 is intended, as for it, for pneumatic guided systems. In this case, the slab 2 comprises linear grooves 4 in order to provide for the rolling plane 25 and which is made on site by means of resin in order to at least partially fill the gap left by the linear groove 4, as it can be appreciated. In an embodiment not illustrated, the linear grooves 4 can be equipped with sets of specific shims, which allow the positioning of striated metal profiles or not. The insertion elements 5 provided in the slab 2 make it possible to fix the guiding system 24 comprising the insulators 26 as well as the side bars 27 for guiding the pneumatic guided system and eventually the collection of traction energy, electricity.

Finally, the embodiment of Figure 10 presents a system and an elementary structure for mixed rail and pneumatic guided systems. In this example, the different elements of figures 7 and 9 combined are found again, as can be seen.

In all cases, the central part 12 located between the rails 10 or rolling planes allows the movement of pedestrians and / or unguided vehicles such as trucks or vehicles, which avoids providing a pedestrian path and / or additional road in the infrastructure .

In Figure 13 another example of elementary structure 1 is shown which particularly highlights the fact that the slab 2, monolithic as in the other embodiments, comprises a base 40, parallelepipedically shaped and an enhancement 41 forming a single piece In this example, the enhancement 41 comprises three parts parallelepipedically each, defining with the base 40 and between them the linear grooves 3. A central part 42 of the enhancement 41 separates the rails 10 from each other and two lateral parts 43 surround these, as you can appreciate. It should be noted that the representation of Figure 13 highlights the difference between base 40 and enhancement 41, to better identify them, while these are monolithic, forming the slab together 2. It should be noted that the central part 42 of the Figure 13 corresponds to the central part 12 of Figures 1 to 3, and the side parts 43 correspond to the side parts 14 of Figures 1 to 3. On the other hand, always in this embodiment, the rails 10 are fixed with the support of fixing systems 11 to the slab 2, particularly to the base 40 of the slab. In Figure 14, the slab 2 of the elementary structure 1 only comprises the base 40, being devoid of enhancement. In this case, the upper surface 6 of the slab 2 is formed by that of the base.

Finally, in the embodiment not illustrated, it can also be considered that the slab 2 only comprises the base 40 as well as the only central part 42 of the enhancement, or alternatively, the base 40 as well as the only lateral parts 43 of the enhancement.

In the case of a viaduct type work, the elementary structure 1, as illustrated in Figure 11, is integrated into the viaduct infrastructure as a structural part of the engineering work, within the section. This provision tries to limit the resource to non-structural masses and therefore an optimization of the aerial engineering work. The section T comprises a base B in which the prefabricated elementary structure 1 is integrated and fixed, as illustrated, and two raised A side wings. In a variant not illustrated, the elementary structure 1 completely forms the section T, then including the base, the wings, as well as grooves and / or linear projections. The section is then completely prefabricated and associated on the site with other identical sections.

In Fig. 12 an assembly example 35 according to the invention is partially shown, comprising elementary structures 1 arranged and fixed together, along the longitudinal axis X, in order to form a linear path 36 formed by the succession of linear grooves 3 and / or 4 or linear projections 9 for rail and / or pneumatic guided systems. Even if the assembly 35 is not shown in detail in an attempt to clarify the drawing, it obviously comprises the set of guidance systems 24 and / or rails 10 and / or power supply systems 20 and other equipment provided for the elementary structures 1 in question. On the other hand, the assembly 35 can be integrated into an infrastructure or work, for example a viaduct and form only a part of the infrastructure or work, as is the case in an embodiment such as that of Figure 11.

When it is a viaduct, it can be of the one-way type, or single-line viaduct, as illustrated in Figure 11, or with two routes, to leave the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

1. Elementary structure (1) for linear infrastructure of guided systems, intended to be placed adjacent to another similar elementary structure (1), comprising: - a prefabricated slab (2) having an upper surface (6), a lower surface (7) and four lateral edges (30), configured to receive, on the upper surface (6), rails (10) for guidance system railway and / or rolling planes (25) for guidance system on tires, - a cover (31) placed and fixed by mechanical assembly or by gluing at least under the lower surface (7) of the slab (2), the cover (31) being made of a polyurethane material. 2. Structure according to claim 1, the slab comprising, on its upper surface (6) at least two linear grooves (3) configured to allow the fixing of rails (10) or profiles for rail guidance system and / or at least two linear grooves (4) or linear projections (9) configured to allow the realization of rolling planes (25) for guidance system on tires. 3. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of insertion elements (13, 5), positioned by default, particularly in a grouped by two or four, for fixing rails (10) and / or guidance systems (24) of guidance system on tires. 4. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the central part (12) of slab (2) particularly between the linear grooves (3, 4) or linear projections (9) closest to each other, is flat and the width (L) of the indicated central part (12) is greater than 800 mm, preferably between approximately 800 mm and 1200 mm. 5. Structure according to claim 2, wherein the slab (2) comprises linear grooves (3) for embedded rails (10). 6. Structure according to claim 2, wherein the slab (2) comprises linear grooves (3) for rails (10) fixed by insertion elements (13). 7. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises insertion elements (8) for fixing an energy supply system (20), particularly electrical energy, of the said rail and / or pneumatic guidance system . 8. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure (1) comprises a plurality of inserts (5) for fixing guide systems (24) for guiding system on tires. 9. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, the slab being made of a composite material selected from the group consisting of reinforced concrete, fiber reinforced concrete. 10. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, covering the cover (31) the lower surface (7) of the slab (2) and a part of the height of the four lateral edges (30) of the slab (2), the cover (31) being made of an MDI type polyurethane material. 11. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a mat (32), particularly made of a polyurethane type material, sandwiched between the cover (31) and the bottom surface (7) of the slab (2) and configured to allow vibration attenuation. 12. Assembly (35) comprising a plurality of elementary structures (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, arranged and fixed together in order to form a linear path (36) for rail and / or pneumatic guided systems, including assembly (35): - rails (10) fixed in the corresponding linear grooves (3) or on the slab and / or - rolling planes (25) formed from the corresponding linear grooves (4) and / or linear projections (9). 13. Method of manufacturing an elementary structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises the step that consists of, before transporting to the site provided for said structure, molding the slab (2) on the cover (31), with a mat (32) possibly interspersed between the slab (2) and the cover (31), the slab (2) particularly comprising the linear grooves (3; 4) or linear projections (9). 14. Method according to claim 13, the elementary structure (1) according to claim 3, comprising the step consisting of fixing the insertion elements (13; 5) in the slab (2). 15. Procedure for installing an elementary structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - install the elementary structure in its final location, - strain or dispose of a seating material to fix the indicated elementary structure (1), - solidify the elementary structure (1) on the indicated material in said location, and - fix rails (10) when linear grooves (3) are provided in this regard, with the help of insertion elements (13) for rails fixed by insertion elements or by adding a fixing material in the linear grooves (3) around of the rails (10) for embedded rails, and / or - fix metallic profiles, grooved or not, on the set of specific shims or add a material in the linear grooves (4) to form the rolling plane (25), when linear grooves (4) are provided for this purpose, or brush the linear projections (9) to form the tread plane (25), and fix the guidance system (24) of the guided system on tires with the help of the insertion elements (5) provided for this purpose.