EP3263766A1 - Concrete slab for a railway vehicle and/or guided tyre vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Elementary structure for linear infrastructure of guided systems, intended to be arranged adjacent to another similar elementary structure, comprising:
a prefabricated slab having an upper surface, a lower surface and four lateral edges, configured to receive, on the upper surface, rails for a guided rail system and / or rolling surfaces for a guided system on tires,
an envelope disposed and fixed at least under the lower surface of the slab.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a prefabricated elementary structure for any type of linear infrastructure dedicated to a rail and / or pneumatic guided system, whether permanent or temporary, assigned to the transport of persons, equipment, materials, goods and / or machinery maneuvering. The invention also relates to an assembly of a plurality of elementary structures, as well as a method of manufacturing such an elementary structure and a method of installing this structure.

PRIOR ART AND OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

In the field of the invention, it is known EP 1 218 596 a prefabricated reinforced concrete plate providing precise adjustment of the plates by means of a steel bar positioned in a predetermined manner on the plate.

The invention aims to provide a prefabricated elementary structure that allows the free movement of pedestrians and / or guided vehicles or not, in particular to improve the rate of completion of the work.

The aim of the invention is also to provide a prefabricated elementary structure exploitable for all types of linear infrastructures dedicated to guided systems, which can be installed on different types of supports such as platform, work offal when the structures are differentiated, apron when the element is integrated or not into the aerial work structure.

It is another object of the invention to provide a prefabricated elementary structure for attenuating vibrations while maintaining a minimum level of longitudinal and / or transverse deflection of said structure under load of the guided system.

Basic structure

• une dalle préfabriquée présentant une surface supérieure, une surface inférieure et quatre bords latéraux, configurée pour recevoir, sur la surface supérieure, des rails pour système guidé ferroviaire et/ou des plans de roulement pour système guidé sur pneus,
• une enveloppe disposée et fixée au moins sous la surface inférieure de la dalle.

To solve all or part of the aforementioned objectives, the present invention thus relates to an elementary structure for linear infrastructure of guided systems, intended to be disposed adjacent to another similar elementary structure, comprising:

• a prefabricated slab having a top surface, a bottom surface and four side edges, configured to receive, on the top surface, rails for guided rail system and / or rolling planes for guided wheel systems,
• an envelope disposed and fixed at least under the lower surface of the slab.

The slab is advantageously made monolithically, in one piece.

The slab comprises for example, on its upper surface, at least two linear engravures configured to allow the attachment of rails or rail guided system profiles and / or at least two linear engravures or linear bosses configured to allow the realization of rolling plans for guided system on tires.

In this case, the linear engravures can be constituted by hollow linear parts formed during the manufacture of the slab. The slab may then comprise a substantially parallelepiped base and a riser on the base The riser may consist of three parts, namely two outer lateral parts and a central part defining between them the two linear engravures. In this case, the elementary structure is provided to advantageously receive rails, arranged parallel to each other in the engravures, and / or rolling systems of guided systems on tires. Pedestrian traffic is also possible, especially on the central part of the riser.

Still in this case, the presence of the three-part riser allows the upper surface of the riser located between and outside the portion of the slab accommodating the profiles, including rails, rolling and rail guidance, substantially at the level of the working plan. The gaps between these profiles and parts of the riser can then allow to confine the drift of a rolling stock losing its guidance, giving the elementary structure an anti-derailment function. The edges of the gaps can be reinforced by profiles as much as necessary and serve as a "counter-rail" security.

When the upper surface of the parts of the riser is substantially at the level of the running surface, the gaps between the profiles and the parts of the riser can allow splicing by the insertion of mechanical parts bearing on the walls of the grooves for particular immediately consolidate a broken rail.

Alternatively, the riser may comprise a single central portion surmounting the base. In this case, the elementary structure is provided to advantageously receive rails, arranged parallel to each other. The elementary structure then allows the circulation of rolling stock on rail, and pedestrians between the rails, in particular on the central part formed by the riser, the elementary structure allowing the removal of sleepers.

In another variant, the riser may comprise only the lateral parts and not the central part.

In another variant, the slab may comprise only a parallelepiped base. In this case, the elementary structure advantageously comprises rails, arranged parallel to each other. The elementary structure then allows the circulation of rolling stock on rails, and pedestrians between the rails, the elementary structure allowing the removal of sleepers.

Whatever the embodiment of the slab, the envelope may cover all or part of the lower surface of the slab, preferably the entire lower surface of the slab. The envelope may also cover all or part of at least one of the four lateral edges of the slab, preferably at least a portion of the four lateral edges of the slab, in particular the four lateral edges of the slab over a portion of their height. , starting from the bottom.

The envelope can be fixed to the slab by mechanical assembly, using for example rivets, integrated or not to the envelope, or by gluing.

The casing may be made of a material allowing the attenuation of the vibrations.

The envelope can form a mold in which the slab is cast.

The elementary structure may comprise a mat, especially a resilient or damping mat, for example made of a polyurethane material, interposed between the casing and the lower surface of the slab, and configured to allow the attenuation of vibrations.

The envelope may be made of a polyurethane material, such as diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, also called MDI (English Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate). In particular, the MDI-type polyurethane has the advantage of providing better electrical insulation with respect to electric traction currents, thus limiting the corrosive effect of stray currents when the return of the traction energy of the Guided system uses railway-type rolling profiles, ie rails. In addition, the polyurethane MDI type is an inert material, neutral and stable, especially in comparison with a material such as rubber whose unstabilized chemical reaction causes it to harden over time and then to degrade, losing its properties initials. Finally, the polyurethane MDI type is a material resistant to attrition due to the friction related to the deflection when the elementary structure is configured for the attenuation of vibrations.

The resilient properties of the envelope or the mat may be different depending in particular on the objective aimed at attenuation of vibrations. In particular, if the envelope or carpet covers the lower surface of the slab, the stiffness of the envelope or carpet may be different in its covering portion of the lower surface of the slab. The stiffness values are the result of complex vibration attenuation studies, which take into account, but are not limited to, project specificities, including the type of rolling stock, rail, track laying, speed the nature of the soil, the level of attenuation sought, etc. The stiffness is advantageously between 10kN / mm and 40kN / mm, approximately.

The envelope can isolate the support slab, such as a concrete setting, a mortar and / or a resin, on which it will be installed. This makes it possible to make the slab of its support removable, and thus to facilitate the maintenance of the slab. Thus, the slab can be replaced at the end of its life cycle or in the event of a disaster, without altering the rest of the infrastructure on which the elementary structure is disposed, in particular its support such as setting concrete, mortar and or the resin. This property also makes it possible to consider the substitution of the elementary structure in order to manage temporary installation configurations of equipment such as switches.

The envelope, when resilient or combined with a carpet, associated with the slab, allows to target high performance in terms of vibration attenuation of the order of -20 to -25dBV without generating a deflection greater than 2 mm. The deflection is a subsidence of the elementary structure when passing mobile loads, including a train. Under the effect of the load, and mainly because of the presence of the envelope and possibly the carpet, arranged under the slab in the elementary structure, it moves slightly downward, as for s' press. The mass of the slab, about 6t, significantly reduces vibrations compared to known systems on sleepers, but with less deflection. Thus, the elementary structure according to the invention can make it possible to make the attenuation of vibrations more efficient with a relatively low deflection level, which is acceptable, of the order of about 2 mm. If the level of deflection is greater than this value, the repetitive bending of the rail generates a high level of vibration, which generates fatigue, which contributes to the risk of premature failure of the rail and disorder of the components of said prefabricated elementary structure.

The envelope can be in a basic version without vibration attenuation, to facilitate the replacement of the slab without damaging the support, or in a more elaborate version with also vibration attenuation, the elementary structure being in the latter case generally provided carpet interposed between slab and envelope.

The structure may comprise a plurality of inserts, positioned in a predetermined manner, in particular grouped for example by two or four or other means, for fastening rails and / or rolling profiles and / or guidance system systems guided on tires.

The central portion of the slab, in particular between the linear engravings or linear bosses closest to each other, formed or not by the central portion of the riser, is advantageously flat and the width of this central portion is sufficient to allow pedestrian traffic. on this central part according to standards or orders in force, being for example greater than 800 mm, preferably between 800 mm and 1200 mm approximately. When the slab comprises the two side elevation parts, and not the central part, they allow the circulation of vehicles equipped with guides such as cars and / or trucks. When the slab is equipped with the side parts and the central portion of the riser, they allow the circulation of unguided vehicles such as cars and / or trucks.

In one embodiment, the slab comprises linear engravings for flooded rails of the current type (60E1), such linear engravings having a depth of between approximately 1.5 cm and 5 cm from the running surface. Alternatively, the slab may comprise linear engravures for rails fixed by inserts, such linear engravings being a depth between about 1.5 cm and 15 cm of the running surface.

The elementary structure advantageously comprises inserts for fixing a power supply system, in particular electrical energy, of said rail and / or pneumatic guided system.

The elementary structure may comprise a plurality of inserts for fixing guiding systems for guided system on tires.

The guide system or systems may comprise a power supply system, especially electrical.

It should be noted that linear engravings or linear bosses, of shallow depth or thickness, for example of depth or thickness of between approximately 2 cm and 5 cm, may, during their manufacture in the factory or in situ, either be equipped with specific sets of wedges, which allow the positioning of striated or unstriated metal profiles, will allow to realize in situ the planes of bearings of pneumatic systems, by putting at the right height the planes of bearing. When there are linear engravures for the realization of rolling surfaces of pneumatic systems, it is expected to fill at least partially, including using resin, to achieve a running surface substantially flush with the adjacent parts of the elementary structure or specific wedges accommodating the metal rolling profiles of pneumatic systems. When there are linear bosses for the realization of rolling surfaces of pneumatic systems, it is planned to plane them at least partially in order to achieve a running surface substantially flush with the adjacent portions of the elementary structure. This factory or in situ finish makes it possible to adapt perfectly, that is to say, to the nearest millimeter, to the positioning of the elementary structure in the infrastructure.

By "linear" it should be understood in the sense of the present invention that the engravures and / or bosses extend longitudinally, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elementary structure, over the entire length of the elementary structure.

The slab may be made of a composite material selected from the group consisting of reinforced concrete, fiber concrete or any other suitable composite material.

The basic structure can be used in any type of linear infrastructure dedicated to guided systems, installed on different types of supports such as platform, subgrade of underground work that is of the tunnel type, frame work or open trench, on or integrated to the deck of the aerial work for example viaduct type.

The elementary structure applies to the current track and / or to specific equipment of the type of switchgear, in particular switchgear, glue-insulated seal, expansion devices. In particular, the slab may include a switch, then being specific to a type of switch. This can help to homogenise the type of laying, to better manage the problem of vibration mitigation and associated deflection, to manage the transition lines between two adjacent zones of attenuation of the different vibrations, to manage temporary configurations , in particular in the case of adding or removing switches. This also allows, during the implementation phase of the system, during laying of the tracks, ease in terms of kinematics of installation by making the two-part track devices. This allows a continuous realization of one way then the other, so less bursting charges. The switches are very busy equipment. They can withstand significant constraints. They are usually supported on a large part of their linear by sleepers that intercept the two lanes. From a behavior point of view, when the switchgear is placed on slabs in areas with attenuation of vibrations, the switchgear is more stable and therefore more durable especially in the case of moving parts: needles.

The prefabricated shell structure allows the specific components dedicated to the construction of linear infrastructures of guided systems, their maintenance and / or their renewal, in other words, to the installation of the support of the system. infrastructure of guided rail and / or pneumatic systems, whether permanent or temporary, for the transport of persons, materials, materials, goods and / or machinery.

From the installation phase, the concept is conducive to the free movement of workers and autonomous vehicles on site.

In all the phases of project implementation and operation, the basic envelope structure is used to manage the safety of the workers in the area defined as the "construction site", particularly when the site is in a "closed" configuration. tunnel type, viaduct and particularly vis-à-vis the partial or total evacuation of the site of the various stakeholders, the circulation and the routing of the means of relief.

At all stages, thanks to the invention, no obstacle hinders the movement of personnel. During the installation phase on site, before the final calibration of the this installation zone may be closed to traffic but remains practicable in the event of emergency evacuation.

The invention refers to the concept of a type of rail / road track that allows the use of rolling stock rail, road and autonomous and / or guided and / or mixed. This makes it possible to reduce the investment costs of the equipment required during the construction phases of the system and rolling stock for inspection, maintenance or emergency intervention.

Another advantage of the invention is that it makes it possible to overcome the constraints induced by the use of a large quantity of poured concrete at the destination site. In particular, the constraints inherent in the process of making concrete (in the factory), its supply (circulation and urban parking), its routing mode (mixer, pumping, recovery, transfer) and its implementation (pouring, vibrating , bottling, cleaning), the constraints inherent to the large volumes of concrete related to the volumes to be filled and consequently to be implemented on the destination site, which condition the pace of realization of the structure, the constraints inherent to the occupation extended all or part of a structure for the installation of concrete conveying equipment. This aspect has the direct effect of extending the construction time of the structure in question and / or the installation of the equipment for which it is intended. There are also the inherent constraints of the neutralization of the section on which the concrete makes its catch, with the issue of administrative authorization almost exclusively diurnal for the works in urban area, environmental nuisances exported, notably sound (riparian, trade, etc. .), pollution (washing water, cleaning, etc.), weathering.

The prefabricated elementary structure with envelope also makes it possible to overcome the constraints induced by the manufacture of reinforcing reinforcement at the destination site. Among these, but not limited to, are the constraints inherent in the supply of reinforcement, storage, handling, assembly, electromagnetic isolation, drainage stray currents.

In addition, the prefabricated elementary structure makes it possible to anticipate the manufacture of the infrastructure vis-à-vis the provision of the works and thus optimize the time of installation on site.

Where the guided system or rolling stock is intended for a rail run, the running surface of the equipment is provided by rolling profiles (rails or other) fixed on the slab or engraved in the linear grooves, or bookings, and / or maintained by inserts anchored in the structure is wedged and / or glued in the engravure. The guidance of the rolling stock is then ensured by the rolling profiles. The traction electrical energy of the rolling stock can be conveyed by a third linear section, the latter being supported by isolator blocks. Reservations in the elementary structure can make it possible to take into account the technological varieties available for these isolator blocks (geometry, spacing, etc.).

Where the guided system or rolling stock is intended for pneumatic rolling, the running plan may be made at the level of the linear engravings, either by application of a layer of material or by planing or by means of specific shim sets , which make it possible to position metal profiles striated or not. The guidance of the rolling stock is then ensured by two linear profiles independent or linked to linear rolling profiles. The attachment of these linear sections may be as described above. The electrical traction energy of the rolling stock can be transmitted by linear metal profiles (rolling and / or guiding and / or a third section). If the addition of isolator blocks is desirable, reservations in the elementary structure will make it possible to take into account the technological varieties available for these isolator blocks (geometry, spacing, etc.).

When the elementary structure is configured to accommodate a rail guided system and a pneumatically guided system, it can combine the features described above for each of these guided systems.

Sleeves (electricity, drainage, etc.) for the proper functioning of the guided system can be integrated into the prefabricated elementary structure. Furthermore, any type of insert can be positioned in the elementary structure allowing particular handling, adjustment planimetry and / or altimetry thereof.

The number and location of the inserts and / or reservations can be optimized, especially increased, in order to anticipate, in particular, the modification of the fixing travel of the profiles (installation of insulating block, expansion devices, etc.) as well as for the reinforcement and / or the repair during the construction phases or for the intervention of the maintenance services. Inserts and / or integrated bookings can serve to reduce the standard attachment of profiles in difficult lay-out configurations and / or the immediate consolidation of a broken profile.

All types of profiles (rails, rolling, guiding, feeding, etc.) required for guided systems can be implemented.

Assembly

The invention further provides, in combination with the foregoing, an assembly comprising a plurality of elementary structures as defined above arranged and fixed side by side so as to form a linear path for rail guided systems and / or tires.

The assembly may further comprise rails or profiles fixed in the corresponding linear engravures or on the slab and / or rolling surfaces formed from linear engravures and / or linear bosses, and possibly guiding systems for guided systems tires.

The assembly may further comprise a power supply system for rail and / or pneumatic guided system. The assembly can form all or part of the infrastructure or structure. In particular, the assembly can be integrated into an infrastructure.

The longitudinal assembly of several elementary structures makes it possible to constitute the base structure of the linear infrastructure of the guided system: the rolling plane, the guidance, the energy routing of the guided system considered.

The elementary structure is advantageously sometimes all or part of a bridge civil engineering work (bridge and / or viaduct), whether it is manufactured by monobloc spans, voussoirs or parts assembled on a prefabrication area or the site of destination, or part of the base of an underground frame or tunnel structure, or of a terraced platform.

The infrastructure formed or comprising several elementary structures with an envelope makes it possible to offer a pedestrian platform that can be circulated by construction, inspection, maintenance, operation and renewal personnel as well as by the public who would be evacuated from the site. . It allows the cross flow of people during emergency evacuation operations. It makes it unnecessary to use an ancillary device such as a gateway.

Manufacturing process

The subject of the invention is also, in combination with the foregoing, a method of manufacturing an elementary structure as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the step consisting in molding the slab in the envelope, with a carpet possibly interposed between slab and envelope, the slab comprising for example the linear engravures and / or linear bosses, before transport to the location provided for said structure. The envelope, and possibly the carpet, may be attached to the slab, in particular under the lower surface and possibly over at least a portion of the height of at least one of the four lateral edges, for example by mechanical assembly or gluing.

When the elementary structure comprises inserts, the manufacturing method advantageously comprises the step of fixing the inserts in the slab.

Upstream of manufacturing, the overall design of the transport system is impacted by the concept of a pedestrian path that can be driven by autonomous or guided rolling stock. Indeed, an infrastructure, including transportation, capable of providing a significantly improved security environment reaches several targets including dimensions of civil engineering works. Thus, the regulations require a standardized pedestrian path for evacuation of the public. By offering this path, the invention makes it unnecessary to set up a specific equipment (gateway). It results in particular from the fact that the dimensions of the structure can be minimized, costs optimized, delays secure. With regard to access to the structure, during system design studies, road access can be arranged online at the station and / or inter-station. These intermediate accesses, dedicated to the maintenance and operating teams, as well as the emergency response logistics, contribute to a better exploitation of the system. As for the quality of construction, the elementary structures prefabricated on a fixed or fairground prefabrication area benefit from a better control of the construction quality process. The invention, which can be modulated, can adapt to the specificities of the components to be incorporated in the elementary structure. The dimensions of the basic structure as well as the location of the reservations can be chosen according to the specificities of the transport system.

Installation process

• installer la structure élémentaire à son emplacement définitif,
• couler un matériau de calage, tel qu'un mortier et/ou une résine ou un béton de calage, pour figer ladite structure élémentaire, ou disposer un matériau de calage, tel qu'un mortier et/ou une résine ou un béton de calage, pour figer ladite structure élémentaire
• figer la structure élémentaire sur ledit matériau audit emplacement, et
• fixer des rails ou profilés lorsque des engravures linéaires sont prévues à cet effet, notamment sur un jeu de cales spécifiques livrées avec la structure élémentaire, à l'aide d'inserts pour des rails fixés par inserts ou en ajoutant un matériau de fixation tel qu'un mortier et/ou une résine dans les engravures linéaires autour des rails pour des rails noyés, et/ou
• fixer des profilés métalliques striés ou non sur le jeu de cales spécifiques ou ajouter un matériau tel qu'une résine dans les engravures linéaires pour former le plan de roulement, lorsque des engravures linéaires sont prévues à cet effet, ou raboter les bossages linéaires pour former le plan de roulement, et fixer le système de guidage de système guidé sur pneus à l'aide des inserts prévus à cet effet.

The subject of the invention is also, in combination with the foregoing, a method of installing an elementary structure as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

• install the elemental structure in its final location,
• pouring a setting material, such as a mortar and / or a resin or setting concrete, to fix the said elementary structure, or arranging a setting material, such as a mortar and / or a resin or setting concrete to freeze said elementary structure
• freeze the elementary structure on said material at said location, and
• attaching rails or profiles when linear engravings are provided for this purpose, in particular on a set of specific wedges delivered with the elementary structure, with inserts for rails fixed by inserts or by adding a fastening material such as a mortar and / or a resin in the linear engravings around the rails for drowned rails, and / or
• attaching metal ridged or unstriated sections to the specific set of shims or adding a material such as a resin in the linear engravings to form the running surface, where linear engravings are provided for this purpose, or planing the linear bosses to form the running surface, and fix the guidance system guided on tires using the inserts provided for this purpose.

By "planing" is meant any technique of surface removal, such as planing, grinding or other surface removal techniques.

When several elementary structures are attached side by side, they can be fixed so as to be non-contiguous with each other in order to allow the free passage of the drainage network and the cables necessary for the operation of the system. They can however be connected to each other, in particular to ensure their good behavior vis-à-vis the deflection either on the lineal pathways of strong attenuation of vibration or on air platform.

The technology of the prefabricated elementary structure is simple to pre-manufacture, fast and flexible to implement both for its installation, its renewal as for the realization of / rolling plans and the installation of components. These strengths persist, whether the basic structure is differentiated from the supports (platform, slab) or integrated (apron).

The prefabricated elementary structure or structures, supplied and installed, whether fixed or not, equipped or in the course of equipment of all or part of their final components, allow the circulation of road vehicles. This possibility offers a panel of new alternatives, favorable to an optimized scheduling of the work of realization of the work as well from a point of view of the infrastructures as the equipment to be installed there.

The absence of obstruction to the circulation on / in the structure, favors the continuous supply of materials and materials as well as the installation of the equipment of the assembly.

The possibility of pedestrian, rail, autonomous or guided and / or mixed (rail / road) traffic allows and facilitates the coexistence of activities of different trades, particularly in a constrained environment.

When the elementary structure is differentiated from the support of the infrastructure, the elementary structures can be positioned on site at their definitive topographical location. They can be anchored and / or wedged in the underside by a concrete slurry mortar, mortar, specific resin, bituminous or other. They can also be wedged and / or anchored laterally. The fixing of the rail and / or pneumatic running planes on discrete or continuous supports can also be considered.

The elementary structure can advantageously be used to renew an existing infrastructure, notably making it comply with safety standards requiring an emergency evacuation route.

figures

• la figure 1 représente de manière schématique en vue de dessus un exemple de structure élémentaire conforme à un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
• la figure 2 représente de manière schématique en coupe transversale la structure élémentaire de la figure 1,
• la figure 3 représente de manière schématique et partielle, en vue en coupe, la structure élémentaire des figures 1 et 2, les rails ayant été fixés,
• la figure 4 représente de manière schématique, en vue de dessus, une structure élémentaire conforme à un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
• la figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale de la structure élémentaire de la figure 4,
• la figure 6 représente une vue similaire à celle de la figure 5, les rails ayant été fixés,
• la figure 7 représente de manière schématique et partielle en vue en coupe transversale un exemple de structure élémentaire conforme à l'invention,
• les figures 8 à 10 sont des vues similaires à la figure 7 d'autres modes de réalisation de l'invention,
• la figure 11 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un exemple de structure élémentaire selon l'invention dédiée à un viaduc, et
• la figure 12 illustre de manière schématique et partielle, en vue de dessus, un exemple d'assemblage selon l'invention, et
• les figures 13 et 14 représentent de manière schématique et en coupe deux autres exemples de structure élémentaire conformes à l'invention.

The invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description, non-limiting examples of implementation thereof and on examining the appended drawing in which:

• the figure 1 schematically shows in plan view an exemplary elementary structure according to one embodiment of the invention,
• the figure 2 schematically represents in cross-section the elementary structure of the figure 1 ,
• the figure 3 represents schematically and partially, in sectional view, the elementary structure of the Figures 1 and 2 , the rails having been fixed,
• the figure 4 schematically represents, in plan view, an elementary structure according to another embodiment of the invention,
• the figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the elemental structure of the figure 4 ,
• the figure 6 represents a view similar to that of the figure 5 , the rails having been fixed,
• the figure 7 shows schematically and partially in cross-sectional view an example of elementary structure according to the invention,
• the Figures 8 to 10 are views similar to the figure 7 other embodiments of the invention,
• the figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an elementary structure according to the invention dedicated to a viaduct, and
• the figure 12 illustrates schematically and partially, in plan view, an assembly example according to the invention, and
• the Figures 13 and 14 show schematically and in section two other examples of elementary structure according to the invention.

We have shown on the figure 1 a basic structure 1 for guided system linear infrastructure. This elementary structure 1 comprises a prefabricated slab 2 of generally rectangular shape, having an upper surface 6, a lower surface 7, and four lateral edges 30 at the periphery of the slab 2. The slab 2, produced in a monolithic manner, comprises in this example at least two linear engravings 3, more visible on the figure 2 , configured to allow the attachment of rails for rail guided system. The length of the slab is in this example of 3.90 m and its width of 2.2 m. The height of the lateral edges starting from the lower surface 7 to the bottom of the linear engravings 3 is about 20 cm.

In the example shown on the Figures 1 to 3 , the elementary structure 1 comprises an envelope 31 and a vibration damping mat 32, under the lower surface 7 of the slab. The envelope 31 and the belt 32 are arranged and fixed to the slab, in particular by mechanical assembly using rivets, integrated or not into the envelope or by gluing. This envelope 31 is made in the form of a layer of a material resilient such as polyurethane MDI type polyether. The carpet 32, made of polyurethane, is interposed between the lower surface 7 of the slab 2 and the envelope 31 as visible.

Still in the illustrated example on Figures 1 to 3 , the slab 2 comprises two other linear engravures 4 configured to allow the realization of rolling plans for guided system on tires. The linear engravings 4 are arranged as visible on the Figures 2 and 3 parallel and outside the linear engravures 3 as visible. The linear engravings 3 and 4 are parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the elementary structure 1.

The elementary structure 1 also comprises in this example a plurality of inserts 5 positioned in a predetermined manner to allow, in this example, the fixing of guided systems on tires. In the illustrated example, the inserts 5 are grouped according to a square or rectangle of four inserts and are partially anchored in the slab 2, partially projecting above the upper surface 6 of the slab 2, as visible on the Figures 2 and 3 .

During manufacture, the slab 2 is molded into the envelope 31 provided with the cover 32 with the linear engravings 3 and 4. The inserts 5 are fixed in the slab 2, before the structure is transported. elementary thus prepared at the location provided for this elementary structure 1.

Once the elementary structure is transported to the location, it is installed by implementing the following steps. Firstly, a fixing material, such as a mortar and / or a resin, can be placed at the planned location of the infrastructure for the elementary structure 1. Then, the elementary structure 1 is positioned on this material. this location. In a variant, the elementary structure 1 is disposed and then a setting concrete, a mortar and / or a resin is poured or injected between the elementary structure and its support. The envelope 31 of the elementary structure 1 is intended to be in contact with the setting concrete, the mortar and / or the resin on which the elementary structure 1 is fixed. In this example, the rails 10 are fixed as illustrated on FIG. figure 3 by adding a fastening material such as a mortar and / or a resin in the linear engravings 3 around the rails 10 to obtain so-called "embedded" rails. In another example, the rails 10 can be positioned on a set of specific shims and fixed by conventional fasteners. In this case, the gaps of the engravures can if necessary be filled by any type of filling material. Furthermore, a material such as a resin is added in the linear engravures 4 to form the running surface 25 at the appropriate height, in particular flush with the adjacent parts of the elementary structure. In another example, the bearing 25 can also be made identically to the rail 10 positioned on a specific set of shims and, in a manner not illustrated in this example, is fixed the guiding system for guided system on tires using inserts 5 provided for this purpose.

The width L of the central portion 12, flat, of slab 2 between the linear engravings 3 closest to each other, is sufficient to allow the circulation in this central portion 12 of pedestrians. The width of the side portions 14 of slab 2 outside linear engravures 3 allows the circulation of unguided vehicles, such as cars and / or trucks. The width L of the central portion 12 is in particular greater than 800 mm, and preferably between 800 mm and 1200 mm for the railway systems UIC (International Union of Railways) or other to adapt to the regional specificity referred.

It should be noted that the fixing of the rails 10 on the site and the realization of rolling planes in the linear engravures 4 provided for this purpose make it possible to adapt very precisely to the necessary height once the elementary structure 1 positioned in the infrastructure.

Another similar elementary structure 1 is intended to extend on one side or both sides of the slab along the longitudinal axis X, in the extension of each other, to form a linear path for the guided systems.

We have shown on Figures 4 to 6 another example of elementary structure 1, which differs from the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3 in that the rails are no longer embedded in the linear engravings 3, but fixed by means of the inserts 13, visible on the figure 4 , arranged in pairs in this example. In this example, the linear engravings 3 are thus shallower than those of the Figures 1 to 3 .

Moreover, still in this example, the running surface 25 is formed by planing the linear bosses 9, as visible.

Finally, again in this example, the envelope 31 is present under the lower surface 7 of the slab 2, but also covers a portion of the height, starting from the bottom, the side edges 30, as visible. We do not go beyond the scope of the invention if the envelope 31 covers the entire surface of the lateral edges, or if it covers only one, two or three of the four lateral edges, at least partially, or if it covers only partially the lower surface 7 of the slab 2 The height of the periphery of the envelope, advantageous for allowing the movement due to the deflection, depends on the filling height of the setting concrete, in other words the depth of its embedding. At this height, it is preferable to provide a margin to ensure that the concrete does not compromise the isolation of the track. Indeed, the concrete, conductive, wet, allows the passage of stray currents that corrode structural steels or sacrificial steels positioned closer to the rails in the structure of the structure. The height of the side edges 30 from the bottom to the bottom of the linear engravings is about 20 cm. The overlap height by the envelope 31 of the side edges 30 is in this example between 15 cm and 20 cm. The depth of the embedding of the slab is in this example between 10 cm and 15 cm from the lower surface 7 of the slab 2.

In the example of the figure 7 , the slab 2 has, outside the linear engravures 3, lateral portions 14 of the slab 2 having a height greater than that of the central portion 12 of the slab 2. In this figure, the rails 10 are shown said embedded in a mortar or resin 15 around the rail 10, so as to be flush with the upper surface 6 of the slab 2 for the central portion 12 between the rails 10 and to be flush with the upper surface 6 of the slab 2 in the lateral parts 14. This figure also shows the mortar or resin M for wedging or connecting the slab 2 on the foundation. We also visualize the foundation F which can be for example the foundation of an underground structure or a platform overburden aerial.

The figure 8 differs from the figure 7 in that a traction energy supply system 20 has been added to the railway systems. This energy supply system 20 comprises a profile 21 used for the distribution / capture of the energy of the high electric traction at the positive (+) potential, the negative potential (-) being realized by the rails 10. The system of supply 20 further comprises a support 22 and an insulator 23. The supply system 20 is fixed to the slab 2 by means of inserts 8 provided in the slab 2 for fixing the supply system 20.

The elementary structures 2 of the Figures 7 and 8 are only dedicated to the circulation of guided rail systems. The elementary structure 1 of the figure 9 is dedicated, for its part, to pneumatic guided systems. In this case, the slab 2 comprises linear engravures 4 to provide the running surface 25 and is made on site by adding resin to at least partially fill the hollow left by the linear engravure 4, as visible. In an embodiment not illustrated, the linear engravures 4 can be equipped with specific sets of shims, which allow to position striated or not metal profiles. The inserts 5 provided in the slab 2 make it possible to fix the guiding system 24 comprising insulators 26 as well as lateral bars 27 for guiding the pneumatic guided system and possibly for capturing the traction energy, electricity.

Finally, the embodiment of the figure 10 presents a system and a basic structure for mixed rail and pneumatic guided systems. In this example, we find the different elements of Figures 7 and 9 combined, as visible.

In all cases, the central portion 12 located between the rails 10 or rolling plan allows the movement of pedestrians and / or unguided vehicles such as trucks or cars, which avoids to provide an additional pedestrian and / or road path on the infrastructure.

We have shown on the figure 13 another example of elementary structure 1 highlighting in particular the fact that the slab 2, monolithic as in the other embodiments, comprises a base 40 of parallelepiped shape and a riser 41 forming a single piece. In this example, the riser 41 comprises three parts of parallelepipedal shape each, defining with the base 40 and between them the linear engravures 3. A central portion 42 of the riser 41 separates the rails 10 between them and two lateral portions 43 surround those here, as visible. It should be noted that the representation of the figure 13 highlights the difference between base 40 and raises 41, to identify them well, while they are well monolithic, together forming the slab 2. It should be noted that the central portion 42 of the figure 13 corresponds to the central part 12 of Figures 1 to 3 , and the lateral parts 43 correspond to the lateral parts 14 of the Figures 1 to 3 In addition, still in this embodiment, the rails 10 are fixed using fixing systems 11 to the slab 2, in particular to the base 40 of the slab.

On the figure 14 , the slab 2 of the elementary structure 1 comprises only the base 40, being devoid of enhancement. In this case, the upper surface 6 of the slab 2 is formed by that of the base.

Finally, in an embodiment not illustrated, it is also conceivable that the slab 2 has only the base 40 and the only central portion 42 of the riser, or alternatively, the base 40 and the only lateral portions 43 of the enhances.

In the case of a viaduct type structure, the elementary structure 1, as illustrated on the figure 11 , is integrated into the viaduct infrastructure as a structural part of the structure, within the span. This provision aims to limit the use of non-structural masses and therefore an optimization of the aerial work structure. The span T comprises a base B in which the prefabricated elementary structure 1 is integrated and fixed, as illustrated, and two raised lateral wings A. In a variant not shown, the elementary structure 1 completely forms the span T, including base, wings, and etching and / or linear bosses. The span is then entirely prefabricated and associated on site with other identical spans.

Partially represented on the figure 12 an assembly example 35 according to the invention, comprising elementary structures 1 arranged and fixed side by side, along the longitudinal axis X, so as to form a linear path 36 formed by the succession of linear engravings 3 and / or 4 or linear bosses 9 for rail and / or pneumatic guided systems. Even if the assembly 35 is not shown in detail for the sake of clarity of the drawing, it obviously includes all the guide systems 24 and / or rails 10 and / or power supply systems 20 and other equipment provided for the relevant elementary structures 1. Furthermore, the assembly 35 can be integrated in an infrastructure or structure, for example a viaduct and form only part of the infrastructure or structure, as is the case in an embodiment such as that of the figure 11 .

In the case of a viaduct, it may be a single-lane type, or a single-lane viaduct, as shown on the diagram. figure 11 , or two ways, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

Elementary structure (1) for linear infrastructure of guided systems, intended to be arranged adjacent to another similar elementary structure (1), comprising: a prefabricated slab (2) having an upper surface (6), a lower surface (7) and four lateral edges (30), configured to receive, on the upper surface (6), rails (10) for rail guided system and / or rolling planes (25) for a guided wheel system, - An envelope (31) disposed and fixed at least under the lower surface (7) of the slab (2). Structure according to claim 1, the slab comprising, on its upper surface (6), at least two linear engravures (3) configured to allow the attachment of rails (10) or rail guided system profiles and / or at least two linear engravures (4) or linear bosses (9) configured to allow the realization of rolling planes (25) for guided system on tires. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of inserts (13, 5), positioned in a predetermined manner, in particular in groups of two or four, for fastening rails (10) and / or guiding systems ( 24) guided system on tires. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the central portion (12) slab (2), in particular between linear engravures (3, 4) or linear bosses (9) closest to each other, is flat and the width ( L) of said central portion (12) is greater than 800 mm, preferably between 800 mm and about 1200 mm. Structure according to claim 2, wherein the slab (2) comprises linear engravures (3) for rails (10) embedded. Structure according to claim 2, wherein the slab (2) comprises linear engravures (3) for rails (10) fixed by inserts (13). Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises inserts (8) for fixing a power supply system (20) with energy, in particular electrical energy, of said rail guided system and / or pneumatic. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the structure (1) comprises a plurality of inserts (5) for fixing guiding systems (24) for a guided system on tires. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, the slab being made of a composite material selected from the group consisting of reinforced concrete, fiber concrete. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, the envelope (31) covering the lower surface (7) of the slab (2) and part of the height of the four lateral edges (30) of the slab (2), envelope (31) being made of a material of polyurethane type, in particular of the MDI type. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a belt (32), in particular made of a polyurethane material, interposed between the casing (31) and the lower surface (7) of the slab (2) and configured to allow vibration attenuation. Assembly (35) comprising a plurality of elementary structures (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, arranged and attached side by side to form a linear path (36) for rail and / or pneumatic guided systems , the assembly (35) comprising rails (10) fixed in the corresponding linear engravings (3) or on the slab and / or rolling surfaces (25) formed from linear engravings (4) and / or linear bosses (9) corresponding, and possibly guide systems (24) for pneumatic guided systems, the assembly (35) preferably comprising a power supply system (20) for energy rail guided system and / or pneumatic. A method of manufacturing an elementary structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises the step of, before transport to the location provided for said structure, to make by molding the slab (2) in the envelope (31), with a carpet (32) optionally interposed between the slab (2) and the envelope (31), the slab (2) comprising in particular the linear engravings (3; 4) or linear bosses (9) .. The method of claim 13, the elementary structure (1) being according to claim 3, comprising the step of securing the inserts (13; 5) in the slab (2). Method for installing an elementary structure (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - install the elementary structure in its final location, pouring a setting material, such as a setting concrete, a mortar and / or a resin, for fixing the said elementary structure (1), or arranging a setting material, such as a setting concrete, a mortar and or a resin, for fixing said elementary structure (1), freezing the elementary structure (1) on said material at said location, and - Fixing rails (10) when linear engravings (3) are provided for this purpose, in particular on a set of specific wedges delivered with the elementary structure (1), with inserts (13) for fixed rails by inserts or by adding a fastening material such as mortar and / or resin in the linear engravings (3) around the rails (10) for embedded rails, and / or - Fix metal profiles, striated or not, on the set of specific shims or add a material such as a resin in the linear engravures (4) to form the running surface (25), when linear engravures (4) are provided for this purpose, or plane the linear bosses (9) to form the running surface (25), and fix the guiding system (24) guided system on tires with the inserts (5) provided for this purpose .

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