ES2726226B2 - PREFABRICATED CONCRETE POST - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Precast concrete post

The present specification refers, as its title indicates, to a precast concrete post, especially high-rise, of the type used especially in airports, large car parks, sports stadiums, etc. for the support of structures, comprising at least two precast concrete sections, joined together by removable mechanical joints, and with the possibility of using a removable mechanical joint between the foundation and a foot-like thickening at the lower end of the post . A supporting lattice metal structure can be used to move the post to its location. The post sections are precast concrete elements, made using self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without spinning.

The structure or structures supported by this type of high-rise pole can be for lighting, video surveillance, photography, alarm, meteorological facilities, air pollution parameter meters, bird repellers, etc ..., or a combination of them.

Field of the invention

The invention relates to the field of high-rise precast concrete posts.

Current state of the art

At present, the use of high-height posts is frequent to support structures that house a large number of technical elements, they are widely used in large areas, such as airports, large car parks, sports centers, etc ... These posts are made mainly of concrete, due to its high structural resistance for high heights, from 25 or 30 meters.

There are multiple references to this type of poles, as for example we can find reflected in the Patents EP0561101 "Equipment for the production of conical poles for industrial use for lighting and similar applications", ES0151929 "Post for lighting devices", ES0254993 "System of demountable prestressed concrete poles construction " and ES2291053 " System for manufacturing and joining sections of reinforced and / or prestressed concrete hollow poles ", but these poles suffer from a series of constructive and economic problems.

The poles ideally need to reach a height between 30 and 50 m. at least to achieve good effectiveness. This means that, in many cases, they must be composed of at least two sections, to allow their transport by road, which is usually limited to 20/25 m. These sections are usually manufactured, to achieve a hollow truncated cone structure, of reduced diameter and high height, by means of rotating molds, by centrifuging the concrete. These molds are very expensive, and difficult to make profitable, which influences the final cost of the product. They also impose a series of technical requirements, such as the impossibility of elements outside the frustoconical structure that may be needed, such as a concrete foot of greater width for anchoring to the ground. This is usually alleviated by means of auxiliary metallic support pieces, which must be added later to the concrete rotation process, making the economic cost more expensive. An example A classic of this type of construction using rotating molds is found described in Patent ES0262978 "Reinforced concrete hollow post", where we can check the complexity of its construction process.

On the other hand, the sections or sections that make up the total height of the post require a connection between them, which is usually done, since it is not possible to add connection or union elements during the rotary mold manufacturing process, leaving part of the slab outside. of the concrete, in order to thus, during assembly, proceed to weld together the slabs of two consecutive sections, an in-situ concreting of said joint, with its corresponding setting time, and a subsequent coating with a decorative cover and union protector. This can be found described in Patent ES0192199 "Improvements in the construction of reinforced concrete poles." This requires a rather high work time on site, which is sometimes complicated by the special requirements of safety or work time of some facilities such as airports, it also has the drawback that this type of joint is not removable without destroying part of the section, so it is not reusable if necessary in another location.

As an alternative to this process of joining between sections, the method described in Patent ES2291053 is also known "System for manufacturing and joining sections of reinforced and / or prestressed concrete hollow posts", which consists of providing the upper part with a section of a frustoconical housing inside, in which a male frustoconical termination is introduced in the lower part of the next section, with an adhesive, resin or bonding cement, but it has the disadvantage of complicating the manufacture of the sections quite a bit, in addition to also making it impossible to disassemble later if necessary.

Finally, Patents ES0253993 "A procedure for erecting reinforced concrete posts" and US2015322665A1 "Column shoe" show some examples of mechanical connections between a column and its support, or between elements of a post, which have not been used until now. never in the construction of prefabricated concrete posts because it is not possible to insert them into elements manufactured in concrete molds by centrifugation.

Description of the invention

To solve the current problems regarding the manufacture, assembly and reuse of high-rise concrete poles, solving the existing problems and improving the current state of the art, the precast concrete pole object of the present has been devised. Invention, which comprises at least two precast concrete sections, joined together by removable mechanical joints in the case of several sections, the lower section being provided with a foot-like thickening manufactured at the lower end of the post. The post may be supported on a foundation by means of a removable mechanical joint applied between said precast foundation piece and the foot-like thickening. Optionally, it is foreseen that the post can be located using a conventional fixed foundation.

This concrete post is preferably used to support high-rise structures. The structure or structures supported by this type of high-rise pole can be for lighting, video surveillance, photography, alarm, meteorological facilities, air pollution parameter meters, bird repellers, etc ..., or a combination of them.

The invention also comprises a reusable metal lattice structure to facilitate the movement of the post. In this way, it is possible to transport poles of great height of more than 30 m. in length, without breakage problems.

If necessary, by joining several sections of lengths less than 30m, typically between 20 and 25 m. more easily transportable in conventional transports for elements of great length, precast concrete poles of even higher height can be achieved, adapting to all needs.

The post sections are precast concrete elements, made using self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without spinning. They preferably use for lightening, and to create the internal gap, a plurality of cylindrical tubes and rigid PVC coupling pieces, which are inserted into the mold before pouring the concrete.

It is characteristic of the invention that, as a consequence of its manufacture of a conventional static mold, it is possible that the lower section of the post has a thickening, as a foot, to facilitate the connection with the foundation, made of the same material as the rest. of the section and simultaneously in the mold. This foot preferably takes the form of a cylindrical base provided with a plurality of inclined reinforcements to provide rigidity to the assembly, distributed radially in the upper part of the cylindrical base, and is provided with a plurality of vertical through perforations, radially distributed of alternate way with reinforcements.

Removable mechanical joints can be made using any of the different types of removable mechanical joints on the market for precast concrete elements. It is envisaged that they preferably use joints that comprise at the upper end of each section a plurality of threaded rods, with an optional metal disk, and at the lower end of the upper section or sections a plurality of angular metal pieces inserted into the concrete, provided in its lower part of perforations and with an open cavity in the wall of the section for access to the upper part of the perforation. In this way, nuts are used on the threaded rods to secure the lower part of the metal parts on the upper part of the other section.

This precast concrete post that is presented also includes a characteristic assembly procedure, in which the foundation is first prepared, then the lower section is joined with the upper section, and the upper sections between yes, if there is more than one, and finally the post is hoisted and fixed on the foundation.

Advantages of the invention

This precast concrete post that is presented provides multiple advantages over those currently available, the most important being that the post sections are precast concrete elements, made using self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without centrifugation, significantly reducing the cost of manufacturing by requiring simpler, non-rotating molds, and allowing the insertion of elements and the realization of thickening as a foot as an integral part of the post.

The use of conventional static molds also allows the insertion into the walls of the post sections of the elements necessary for removable mechanical joints, without the need for subsequent operations.

Another important advantage is that all the joints between prefabricated elements are removable, facilitating quick and easy disassembly, without causing damage to the post, and reusing it in another location, if necessary.

Likewise, by using removable mechanical joints, the need to splice the sections by welding the floors, concreting, setting and coating is eliminated, all of this carried out in-situ at the location of the post and consuming a lot of time and resources in a conventional assembly.

Another of the most important advantages to highlight is to allow, through the union of two, or more sections, less than 30m long, to obtain prefabricated concrete posts of great height, removable and reusable, transportable through conventional procedures, adapting to all needs with a lower economic cost and with a much faster assembly.

We must not fail to emphasize that the use of a lattice support structure for handling the pole greatly facilitates its transport, also allowing the transport of a 30m pole. or more in length completely prepared from the factory with the internal wiring, both electrical and mechanical, already installed, thus facilitating its assembly even more.

Description of the figures

To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferred practical embodiment of a precast concrete post has been represented in the attached drawing. In said plane, figure 1 shows an elevation view of an example of a post with two sections, mounted on its foundation, with an enlarged detail of the interior lightening, and another enlarged detail of the connection between the foot of the lower end of the lower section. of the post with the foundation.

In figure 2 we can see an elevation and plan view of the thickening of the lower end of the post.

Figure 3 shows the detail of the elements of an example of a removable mechanical joint, before joining.

Figure 4 shows the detail of the elements of an example of a removable mechanical joint, once the joint has been completed and the sections secured to each other.

Finally, figure 5 shows various views of the metal lattice structure for transporting the post.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

The constitution and characteristics of the precast concrete post can be better understood with the following description made with reference to the attached figures.

As can be seen in figure 1, an example of a pole embodiment is illustrated comprising

- a section (1) and an upper section (2), precast of concrete, with a hollow frusto-conical section with diameters significantly smaller than the height, joined together by means of a removable mechanical joint (3), and

- a foundation (4) inserted into the ground (5) and which is connected by means of a removable mechanical joint with the lower end of the section (1) of the post, which has a foot-like thickening, of the same material as the rest of the section.

It is envisaged that, optionally, the post can be located using conventional foundation (4) by direct insertion of the post into the foundation (4), without removable mechanical connection with the lower end of the section (1) of the post.

The transport is carried out by means of conventional platforms or semi-trailers for long-distance transports, although optionally it is foreseen that a metallic lattice structure (29) could be used, as we can see in figure 5, under which the different sections would be suspended ( 1,2) that make up the post, in a joint manner by means of fixing elements (30). This metallic lattice structure (29) allows the transport of the post from the factory with the internal wiring of the sections (1, 2), both electrical and mechanical, already installed, thus facilitating its assembly even more.

The sections of the post (1,2) are precast concrete elements, made of self-compacting concrete and metal forging, using a conventional static mold without centrifugation.

In figure 1 we can see an enlarged detail in which it is shown that both the section (1) and the upper section (s) (2) are preferably lightened by inserting rigid cylindrical PVC tubes (11), of decreasing diameters, related to each other by means of coupling pieces (12) also made of PVC, forming the interior hollow of the post. This insertion of rigid cylindrical tubes and PVC coupling pieces is carried out during the manufacturing process of the post sections, by inserting them into the mold before pouring self-compacting concrete, remaining integral with the concrete wall.

Likewise, in figure 1 we can see another enlarged detail of the connection between the foot of the lower end of the section (1) of the post with the foundation (4).

In figure 2 we can see how the thickening of the lower end of the section (1) of the post, adopts the form of a cylindrical base (13) equipped with a plurality of inclined reinforcements (14) to provide rigidity to the set, radially distributed in the upper part of the cylindrical base (13), and is provided with a plurality of vertical through holes (15), radially distributed alternately with the reinforcements (14).

The removable mechanical joints (3) can be made using any of the different types of removable mechanical joints on the market for precast concrete elements. Figures 3 and 4 represent one of these possibilities, in which the removable mechanical joints (3) comprise

- At the upper end of the section (1,2) of the post, a plurality of threaded rods (23), radially distributed and inserted in the concrete of the walls, optionally complemented with a metal disk (22), integral with the concrete of the walls and crossed by the threaded rods (23) and

- At the lower end of the upper section (2) a plurality of metal pieces (24) in the shape of an "L" inserted in the concrete of the wall, provided in their lower part with perforations (25) of dimensions, positioning and distribution according to the threaded rods (23), and with an open cavity (26) in the wall of the section for access to the upper part of the bore (25), using nuts (27) on the threaded rods (23) to ensure the lower part of the metal parts (24) on the metal disc (22) if applicable, or the upper part of the section located below.

This precast concrete post that is presented also includes a characteristic assembly procedure, which includes

- a first phase of foundation preparation (4),

- a second phase of joining the section (1) with the upper section (2), and of the upper sections (2) with each other in the event of there being more than one, and

- a third phase of lifting and fixing the post on the foundation.

Before this characteristic assembly procedure, a preliminary assembly task consisting of transporting the elements will be carried out, which is carried out using conventional procedures for long elements, such as flatbed trucks, or semi-trailer trucks in two parts called usually "dollys", or by using a metal lattice structure (29), reusable, under which the post is suspended jointly by means of fixing elements (30) during its movement, releasing these fixing elements (30 ) once the elements have been located on the ground next to their mounting point, and removing the metal lattice structure (29).

The foundation preparation phase (4) comprises,

- an excavation step in the ground (5) of the appropriate trench,

- A step for placing a plurality of threaded rods (6), either placed or integral with a mounting plate, radially arranged, of dimensions, positioning and distribution in accordance with the vertical through-holes (15) of the foot-like thickening of the section (1) of the post,

- a concrete pouring step (9) for filling, in such a way that the upper part of the threaded rods (6) is above the upper level of the concrete, and

- a concrete setting step (9).

The junction phase of the section (1) with the upper section (2), and of the upper sections (2) with each other if there are more than one, comprises

- a passage for inserting the wiring, both electrical and winch, through the hollow interior of the sections,

- an alignment step of the sections to be joined,

- A push step of the lower end of the upper section (2) on the upper end of the section (1,2), in such a way that the threaded rods (23) pass through the perforations (25), until the metal disk (22) if applicable, or the upper part of the section, comes into contact with the lower part of the metal parts (24),

- a step for securing the joint, by threading the nuts (27) on the threaded rods (23),

- a step of placing a protective plastic cap (28) and

- a step of filling the open cavities (26) with filling material, preferably grout mortar,

performing all these steps with the sections (1,2) horizontally arranged on the ground.

The phase of lifting and fixing the post on the foundation comprises,

- a lifting step by means of a crane of the post, or the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, until they are positioned on the foundation (4),

- a support passage of the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, on the foundation, in such a way that the threaded rods (6) pass through the vertical through holes (15) of the foot of the section (1) of the post, Y

- a step to secure the joint, by threading the nuts (7) on the threaded rods (6).

It is envisaged that, alternatively, another conventional assembly procedure can be carried out, in which the foot of the section (1) of the post is inserted directly into the hole excavated in the ground (5) and the concrete (9) is poured filling, holding the post with the setting of the concrete (9).

The person skilled in the art will readily understand that he can combine features of different embodiments with features of other possible embodiments, provided that such a combination is technically possible.

All information referring to examples or embodiments forms part of the description of the invention.

Claims (1)

1 - Precast concrete post, characterized in that it comprises - a hollow section (1), with a frusto-conical configuration and prefabricated in a static mold with self-compacting concrete and metallic slab, with diameters significantly less than the height, which has a foot-like thickening at its lower end, of the same material as the rest of the section (1), which adopts a cylindrical base shape (13) equipped with a plurality of inclined reinforcements (14) to provide rigidity to the assembly, distributed radially in the upper part of the cylindrical base (13), and It is provided with a plurality of vertical through holes (15), radially distributed alternately with the reinforcements (14), and - one or more upper sections (2), all of them hollow, with a frusto-conical section and prefabricated in a static mold with self-compacting concrete and metallic slab, with diameters significantly smaller than the height, joined together and with the section (1) by mechanical joints removable (3), comprising these removable mechanical joints (3) - at the upper end of the section (1,2) a plurality of threaded rods (23), radially distributed and inserted in the concrete of the walls, and - At the lower end of the upper section (2) a plurality of metal pieces (24) in the shape of an "L" inserted in the concrete of the wall, provided in their lower part with perforations (25) of dimensions, positioning and distribution according to the threaded rods (23), and with an open cavity (26) in the wall of the section for access to the upper part of the bore (25), using nuts (27) on the threaded rods (23) to ensure bottom of hardware (24) on top of section below. 2 - Precast concrete post, according to the previous claim, characterized in that both the section (1) and the upper section (s) (2) are lightened by a plurality of rigid cylindrical PVC tubes (11), integral with the wall made of concrete due to its insertion in the molding prior to the pouring of concrete, of decreasing diameters, related to each other by means of coupling pieces (12) also made of PVC, forming the interior hole of the post. 3 - Precast concrete post, any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper end of the section (1,2) of the post comprises a metal disk (22), integral with the concrete of the walls, which is crossed by the rods threaded (23). 4 - Procedure for assembling a precast concrete post, as described in the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises - a first phase of foundation preparation (4), - a second phase of joining the section (1) with the upper section (2), and the upper sections (2) with each other if there is more than one, and - a third phase of lifting and fixing the post on the foundation (4). 5 - Procedure for assembling a precast concrete post for lighting large areas, according to claim 4, characterized in that the foundation preparation phase (4) comprises, - an excavation step in the ground (5) of the appropriate trench, - A step for placing a plurality of threaded rods (6), either placed or integral with a mounting plate, radially arranged, of dimensions, positioning and distribution in accordance with the vertical through-holes (15) of the foot-like thickening of the section (1) of the post, - a concrete pouring step (9) for filling, in such a way that the upper part of the threaded rods (6) is above the upper level of the concrete, and - a concrete setting step (9). 6 - Procedure for assembling a precast concrete post, according to any of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the joining phase of the section (1) with the upper section (2), and of the upper sections (2) between yes, if there is more than one, understand - a passage for inserting the wiring, both electrical and winch, through the hollow interior of the sections, - an alignment step of the sections to be joined, - A push step of the lower end of the upper section (2) on the upper end of the section (1,2), in such a way that the threaded rods (23) pass through the perforations (25), until the metal disk (22) if applicable, or the upper part of the section comes into contact with the lower part of the metal parts (24), - a step for securing the joint, by threading the nuts (27) on the threaded rods (23), - a step of placing a protective plastic cap (28) and - a step of filling the open cavities (26) with filling material, preferably grout mortar, performing all these steps with the sections (1,2) horizontally arranged on the ground. 7 - Procedure for assembling a precast concrete post, according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the phase of lifting and fixing the post on the foundation (4) comprises, - a lifting step by means of a crane of the post, or the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, until they are positioned on the foundation (4), - a support passage of the different sections (1,2) previously assembled, on the foundation, in such a way that the threaded rods (6) pass through the vertical through holes (15) of the foot of the section (1) of the post, Y - a step to secure the joint, by threading the nuts (7) on the threaded rods (6). 1