ES2649987A2 - Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated elements of alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam whose elements are shaped like a parallelepiped, are molded with precision, have protuberances and cavities in its lower and upper face that make up a tongue and groove that allows to fit one on top of another; they have vertical grooves where pieces with the function of separator and connector are inserted forming a formwork of rectangular, elongated section, where reinforcements can be inserted vertically and horizontally, as well as pipes. In its extremities these elements have vertical protuberances where other similar smaller elements can be inserted, obtaining the hermetic closing of the formwork. These elements can be assembled in order to obtain other shuttering configurations. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The objective of this invention is to offer the construction sector pre-molded elements that allow the construction of all types of walls and partitions where reinforced concrete is incorporated, easily, without requiring specialized labor, using few different elements simplifying such way its manufacture, storage and its use on site. And also provide walls with good thermal and acoustic insulation

It consists of a prefabricated element, in the form of a parallelepiped, of alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam, to be used as a formwork component of reinforced concrete walls that is quick and easy to install. These forms are used in different locations of a house or a building. The formwork comprises several polystyrene elements and, after placing the steel bars on it and pouring the concrete, it is integrated into the wall. The constituent elements of the formwork are arranged and assembled in such a way that they prevent the formation of thermal bridges, which guarantees a construction with thermo-acoustic insulation.

The formwork is composed of two longitudinal elements arranged in parallel joined together by plastic connectors-separators together with complementary elements that ensure the hermetic closure of the formwork.

Since it does not have thermal bridges, since at least one of the elements of the formwork is made of insulating material, the insulation coefficient is significantly higher than that of conventional concrete or brick walls and other prefabricated walls. example, with panels joined by metal profiles.

This description includes the description of the complementary elements, of the same material, which can be placed in the corners or encounters of walls, in a wall finish or, in the case of openings to obtain a closure.

It is also considered another type of connector-separator to form a formwork that includes on one side the longitudinal element of polystyrene and, on the other side is traditionally shaped with wooden planks.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention has its application within the construction sector, it allows the elaboration of reinforced concrete formwork with quick and easy installation for all types of walls and partitions, and obtaining a construction with thermal and acoustic insulation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prefabricated elements have been used for some time to form wall formwork. At present, elements that offer the characteristics listed above are not available.

For example, walls that are constructed using 2 prefabricated elements connected with connectors offer difficulties in the work in the case of corners or encounters of walls or partitions or a combination of both. This is because two prefabricated longitudinal elements, facing in parallel, forming a formwork that is 90 ° in a corner of a construction, are not, in themselves, closed to prevent the containment of concrete at the time of pouring. The traditional solution uses 4 specific pre-molded elements with a right angle, one for each type of encounter of two perpendicular walls. This makes the manufacturing of the elements more expensive and makes difficult the different stages of the work: the purchases of materials, their storage and their use in the work.

When using 4 different elements for the corners mistakes are frequent during the assembly or in the delivery of elements at the exit of the warehouse and rapier ruptures may appear since it is difficult to calculate the consumption of these.

No history of solutions equivalent to those presented in this patent application has been detected, that is, pre-molded elements that allow forming a formwork with insulating properties and that allow to easily obtain different configurations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

At least one of the formwork elements that the present invention presents is pre-molded of alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam. They are designed to meet the requirements of all types of construction. When assembling you get reinforced concrete formwork for quick and easy installation, remaining integrated to the construction. They are designed in such a way that thermal bridges are not formed and in such a way They offer thermal and acoustic insulation.

At least one of these elongated prefabricated elements, installed in longitudinally, parallel to each other, and connected by separator connectors intermediates that keep them facing a constant distance and elements similar, complementary, of smaller size inserted in the elements lengths for formwork closures.

When assembling you get: formwork for the construction of walls or partitions, a complement of lateral formwork of a slab, Firewall walls formwork.

Complementary elements, prefabricated with the same material and the same Thickness that the longitudinal elements are smaller. The elements

Longitudinal and these complementary elements have a conformation such that by inserting two complementary elements in the extremities of two longitudinal elements placed in parallel, joined by intermediate separating connectors, the hermetic closure of the formwork is obtained. In this sense, the complementary elements fulfill the function of cover since they retain the concrete at the time of pouring it into the formwork.

Another use of a longitudinal prefabricated element is to use it on one side of a traditional formwork and, on the other side, use a wooden plank placed in parallel with connectors designed for this purpose. In this case, good insulation is obtained on the outer side and the inner side offers the possibility of removing the traditional wooden formwork element and reusing it.

The prefabricated elements that will be described below were designed to meet these purposes independently of the orientation of the walls.

By using a single type of longitudinal element to form the formwork together with a single type of complementary closure element for all types of formwork, the organization of the work is greatly simplified.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 - shows a side view of a prefabricated longitudinal element (1) and a complementary element on its right side

Figure 1 shows a plan view seen from above of a set of elements (1) and (2) and a connector-separator (3).

Figure 1 b -shows a sectional view along the line b-b of said assembly.

Figure 1 c shows a sectional view along the line c-c of said assembly.

Figure 1 d - Figure 1 e -

Figure 1 f -

Figure 2-

Figure 3-

Figure 4-

Figure 5-

Figure 5a-

Figure 6

shows a plan view from below according to the line d-d of said assembly shows a detail of the end of the longitudinal element (1) and of the complementary element (2).

shows a detail of the complementary element (2) inserted in the longitudinal element (1).

it shows two longitudinal elements (1) with their separator connectors (3) inserted and with the lateral closure obtained when inserting the complementary element (2).

it shows the arrangement of the longitudinal elements (1) and complementary elements (2) in the angle meeting of the formwork of two walls perpendicular to each other.

shows the arrangement of the longitudinal (1) and complementary (2) elements in the formwork encounter of 2 walls perpendicular to each other in the form of "T".

It shows a connector-separator (3) used to join and keep two opposite longitudinal elements separated where the notches (12) that allow inserting the steel reinforcement and two lateral fins (13) are observed.

shows the connector-separator (3) of figure 5, seen in plan. In this view the two fins (13) are observed, they are designed to fit exactly in the notches (1 O) (figures 1 and 1 e) existing in the longitudinal elements.

it shows a variant of the connection by means of the separating connectors (6) of a longitudinal element (1), prefabricated of plastic foam and of a traditional formwork element (7) of wood or other type of material.

Figure 7 shows a variant of the connector-separator (6) designed to join longitudinal pre-molded elements (1) with wooden plates, where the notches (12) where the steel reinforcement is inserted are observed.

Figure 7a shows the connector-separator of Figure 7 seen from the side on which the traditional formwork element is screwed and the hole into which screws or bolts (8) are inserted.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The following details the obtaining of these formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete walls using the elements described above.

To obtain a formwork, longitudinal elements (1) assembled in pairs, facing each other (figures 1 a, 1 b, 1 c and 1 d) are used with a certain separation from each other, obtained thanks to the connectors that also have the function of separators ( 3). These are inserted in the notches (10) (figures 1b and 1e) that have the longitudinal elements, obtained in their molding, by means of fins (13) (figure 5a) that are designed so as to fit precisely in said notches (10 ).

The longitudinal elements have in their upper and lower part a set of alternating protrusions and cavities (14) (figures 1a, 1d and 2) that hold them together when two of them are superimposed and determine the flatness of the wall under construction as well as the tightness of the formwork that they conform. In the same way, at its ends or lateral faces, the longitudinal elements (1) have a set of alternating vertical grooves and complementary projections forming a tongue and groove system

(15) (Figures 1 a, 1 b, 1 c and 1 d) that facilitates its installation in the correct position and its tightness in the horizontal direction.

The complementary element (2) is in the form of a thin parallelepiped and has the same type of protuberances and cavities (14) (figures 1, 1 a, 1 d, 2, 3 and 4). With this complementary element (2), the formwork is closed and sealed, for this purpose it has a groove on both sides (5) (figures 1, 1a, 1 b, 1 c, 1d, 1 e, 1f, 2, 3 AND 4). These complementary elements (2) are molded with such precision that it allows them to slide and fit into the vertical protrusions (4) also molded precisely in the longitudinal elements (1) (figures 1, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, 1 e, 1f, 2, 3 and 4) as seen in figures 1 e and 1 f.

The complementary element (2) is used to finish assemblies formed by the longitudinal elements (1) facing and joined together with separating connectors (3) forming a hermetic formwork that will receive the concrete in its interior space (11). When manufacturing them, bumps and cavities (14) (figures 1a, 1d and 2) were included, which allow joining a complementary element (2) with the complementary element (2) immediately above which, in turn, has bumps and cavities (14) with which are conjugated and, thus, inserted with precision.

Figures 5 and 5a show the detail of the connector-separator (3). Said separator connector has notches (12) that allow inserting the construction steel bars that will be part of the reinforced concrete. The connector-separator (3) also incorporates two fins (13) that are located at each end thereof. As shown in Figures 1 b and 1 e, the longitudinal elements have grooves (10) where the connector-spacer (3) is inserted (Figures 1 a, 2, 3 and 4). The distance (in figure 5a) between the two fins (13) is such that when the connector (3) (figures 1a, 2, 3 and 4) is inserted into the slots (10) (figure 1b) of the longitudinal elements (1) fit tightly. The pre-molding of the longitudinal elements is done accurately to obtain this result.

The complementary element (2) can be used in several ways:

•

to finish off and close hermetically sealed formwork with longitudinal elements, at its extremities (figures 1 d, 2, 3 and 4),

•

in formwork where 2 walls meet at an angle of 90 ° (figures 3 and

4).

In this configuration, as in all others, the interior space (11) of the formwork can receive reinforcements that are inserted in the notches (12) (figures 5 and 7) of the separator connectors (3 and 6), pipes and Then the concrete.

Figure 6 shows the union of a longitudinal prefabricated element (1) placed on the outer side of the formwork, assembled by means of connectors-separators

(6) specially designed for this purpose (figure 7), to a wooden or plywood plate (7) that in turn external reinforcements (9) to maintain the flatness of said plates during concrete filling.

Figures 7 and 7a show this connector-separator (6) that allows a pre-molded longitudinal element (1) to be joined with an iron (7) made of wood, chipboard or plywood using screws or bolts inserted into the hole ( 8).

Claims (4)

1. Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam characterized by being formed by two formwork elements facing and joined together, forming a set within which the reinforcements are placed, the pipes and the concrete is poured, and at least one of said formwork elements being a longitudinal element (1) prefabricated in expanded polystyrene or other parallelepiped-shaped plastic foam, where said longitudinal elements (1) are embedded in each other both longitudinally and vertically and by the use of connector-separators (3, 6), inserted in grooves (10) obtained in the elements (1) at the time of molding, where said separating connectors (3, 6) hold the longitudinal formwork elements two at a time and in turn keep them at a certain separation and by the use of elements complementary prefabricated (2) that have a groove (5) on both sides that allows them to be inserted in the vertical protuberances (4) molded at the ends of the longitudinal elements (1).

2.

Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements using prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam according to the first claim characterized in that the longitudinal elements (1) have tongue and groove terminations in its lower and upper part for vertical connection with other elements Longitudinal (1).

3.

Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements using prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam according to the first claim characterized in that the longitudinal elements (1) have tongue and groove terminations on their sides for lateral connection with other longitudinal elements (1 ).

Four.

Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam according to the first CHARACTERIZED claim because it is formed on one side with a longitudinal element (1) and on the other hand by a wooden board (7) or other type of plate assembled by a connector-separator (6) inserted in the grooves (10) of the longitudinal element (1) And connected with screws or bolts to the plate through a hole (8).

--v aa

-

~

 b Te ~ d 2

-

1 Igura 1

 Guide 1a (according to  fig ro figurine 1f  Figure 2 3  fig. fifty   6 fig. 7 fig. 70