ES2649987B1 - Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements using prefabricated elements of cellular polystyrene or other plastic foam - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam whose elements are shaped like a parallelepiped, are precisely molded, have protuberances and cavities in its lower and upper face that make up a tongue and groove. which allows to fit one on top of the other; They have vertical grooves where parts with the function of separator and connector are inserted forming a formwork of rectangular, elongated section, where reinforcements can be inserted vertically and horizontally, as well as pipes. In its extremities these elements have vertical protrusions where other similar elements of smaller size can be inserted, obtaining the hermetic closing of the formwork. These elements can be assembled in order to obtain other formwork configurations.

Description

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Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated elements of cellular polystyrene or other plastic foam

DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The objective of this invention is to offer the construction sector pre-molded elements that allow the construction of all types of walls and partitions where reinforced concrete is incorporated, easily, without requiring specialized labor, using few different elements simplifying such way its manufacture, storage and its use on site. And, in addition to providing walls with good thermal and acoustic insulation

It consists of a prefabricated element, in the form of a parallelepiped, of alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam, to be used as a formwork component of reinforced concrete walls for quick and easy installation. These forms are used in different locations of a house or a building. The formwork comprises several polystyrene elements and, after placing the steel bars on it and pouring the concrete, it is integrated into the wall. The constituent elements of the formwork are arranged and assembled in such a way that they prevent the formation of thermal bridges, which guarantees a construction with thermo-acoustic insulation.

The formwork is composed of two longitudinal elements arranged in parallel joined together by plastic connectors-separators together with complementary elements that ensure the hermetic closing of the formwork.

Since there are no thermal bridges, since at least one of the elements of the formwork is made of insulating material, the insulation coefficient is significantly higher than that of conventional concrete or brick walls and other prefabricated walls. example, with panels joined by metal profiles.

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This description includes the description of the complementary elements, of the same material, which can be placed in the corners or encounters of walls, in a wall finish or, in the case of openings to obtain a closure.

It is also considered another type of connector-separator to form a formwork that includes on one side the longitudinal element of polystyrene and, on the other side it is traditionally shaped with wooden planks.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention has its application within the construction sector, it allows the development of formwork for quick concrete and easy installation for all types of walls and partitions, and obtaining a construction with thermal and acoustic insulation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prefabricated elements have been used for some time to form wall formwork. At present there are no items available that offer the features listed above.

For example, the walls that are constructed using 2 prefabricated elements connected with connectors offer difficulties in the work in the case of the corners or encounters of walls or partitions or a combination of both. Elio is due to the fact that two prefabricated longitudinal elements, facing in parallel, forming a formwork that is 90 ° in a corner of a construction, are not, in themselves, closed to prevent the contention of the concrete at the time of pouring it. The traditional solution uses 4 specific pre-molded elements with a right angle, one for each type of encounter of two perpendicular walls. This makes the manufacturing of the elements more expensive and makes difficult the different stages of the work: the purchases of materials, their storage and their utilization in the work.

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When using 4 different elements for the corners, mistakes are frequent during assembly or delivery of items at the exit of the warehouse and rapier ruptures may appear since it is difficult to calculate the consumption of these.

No history of solutions equivalent to those presented in this patent application has been detected, that is, pre-molded elements that allow forming a formwork with insulating properties and that allow to easily obtain different configurations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

At least one of the formwork elements that the present invention presents is pre-molded from alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam. They are designed to meet the requirements of all types of construction. When assembled, formwork is obtained for quick and easy installation reinforced concrete, which are integrated into the building.

They are designed in such a way that thermal bridges are not formed and thereby offer thermal and acoustic insulation.

At least one of these elongated prefabricated elements is used, installed longitudinally, parallel to each other, and joined by intermediate connectors-separators that keep them facing a constant distance and similar, complementary, smaller-sized elements inserted in the longitudinal elements for the formwork closures.

When assembling you get:

- formwork for the construction of walls or partitions,

- a side formwork component of a slab,

- formwork of fireproof mediator walls.

The complementary elements, prefabricated with the same material and the same thickness as the longitudinal elements, are smaller in size. The elements

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Longitudinal and these complementary elements have a conformation such that by inserting two complementary elements into the ends of two longitudinal elements placed in parallel, joined by intermediate connectors-separators, the hermetic closure of the formwork is obtained. In this sense, the complementary elements fulfill the function of the lid since they retain the concrete at the time of pouring it into the formwork.

Another use of a longitudinal prefabricated element is to be used on one side of a traditional formwork and, on the other side, use a wooden plank placed in parallel with connectors designed for this purpose. In this case, good insulation is obtained on the outer side and the inner side offers the possibility of removing the traditional wooden formwork element and reusing it.

The prefabricated elements described below were designed to meet these purposes independently of the orientation of the walls.

By using a single type of longitudinal element to form the formwork together with a single type of complementary closure element for all types of formwork, the organization of the work is greatly simplified.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 - shows a side view of a longitudinal element (1)

prefabricated and a complementary element on its right side

Figure 1a - shows a top plan view of a set of elements (1) and (2) and a connector-separator (3).

Figure 1b - shows a sectional view according to the code line b-b of said set.

Figure 1c - shows a sectional view according to the code line c-c of said set.

 Figure 1d -

 shows a plan view from below according to the d-d code line

 Figure 1 e -

 of said set shows a detail of the limb of the longitudinal element (1) and the complementary element (2).

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 Figure 1 f -

 shows a detail of the complementary element (2) inserted in the longitudinal element (1).

 Figure 2-

 shows two longitudinal elements (1) with their connectors-

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 separators (3) inserted and with the side closure obtained by inserting the complementary element (2).

 Figure 3-

 shows the arrangement of the longitudinal (1) and complementary (2) elements at the angle meeting of the formwork

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 two walls perpendicular to each other.

 Figure 4-

 shows the arrangement of the longitudinal (1) and complementary (2) elements in the formwork encounter of 2 walls perpendicular to each other in the form of "T".

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 Figure 5-

 It shows a connector-separator (3) used to join and keep two opposite longitudinal elements separated where the notches (12) that allow inserting the steel reinforcement and two lateral fins (13) are observed.

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 Figure 5a-

 shows the connector-separator (3) of figure 5, seen in plan. In this view the two fins (13) are observed, they are designed to fit exactly in the notches (10) (figures 1b and 1e) existing in the longitudinal elements.

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 Figure 6-

 it shows a variant of the union by means of the connectors-separators (6) of a longitudinal element (1), prefabricated of plastic foam and of a traditional formwork element (7) of wood or other type of material.

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Figure 7- shows a variant of the connector-separator (6) designed to join longitudinal pre-molded elements (1) with wooden plates, where the notches (12) where the steel reinforcement is inserted are observed.

Figure 7a- shows the connector-separator of Figure 7 seen from the path in which the traditional formwork element is screwed and the hole into which screws or bolts (8) are inserted.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The following details the obtaining of these formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete walls using the elements described above.

To obtain a formwork, longitudinal elements (1) assembled in pairs, facing each other (figures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1 d) are used with a certain separation from each other, obtained thanks to the connectors that also function as separators (3) . These are inserted in the notches (10) (figures 1b and 1e) that have the longitudinal elements, obtained in their molding, by means of fins (13) (figure 5a) that are designed so as to fit precisely in said notches (10 ).

The longitudinal elements have in their upper and lower part a set of bumps and alternating cavities (14) (figures 1a, 1d and 2) that hold them together when two of them are superimposed and determine the flatness of the wall under construction as well as the tightness of the formwork that they conform. In the same way, at its ends or lateral faces, the longitudinal elements (1) have a set of alternating vertical grooves and complementary projections forming a tongue and groove system (15) (figures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1 d) that facilitates their installation in correct position and its tightness in the horizontal direction.

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The complementary element (2) has the shape of a thin parallelepiped and has the same type of bumps and cavities (14) (figures 1, 1a, 1 d, 2, 3 and 4). With this complementary element (2) the formwork is closed and closed tightly, for this purpose it has a groove on both sides (5) (figures 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1 f. 2, 3 and 4). These complementary elements (2) are molded with a precision that allows them to slide and fit into the vertical protrusions (4) also precisely molded into the longitudinal elements (1) (figures 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1 f, 2, 3 and 4) as seen in figures 1 e and 1 f.

The complementary element (2) is used to finish assemblies formed by the longitudinal elements (1) facing and joined between st with connectors-separators (3) forming a hermetic formwork that will receive the concrete in its interior space (11). When manufacturing them, bumps and cavities (14) (figures 1a, 1d and 2) were included, which allow joining a complementary element (2) with the complementary element (2) immediately above which, in turn, has bumps and cavities (14) with which are conjugated and, thereby, inserted with precision.

Figures 5 and 5a show the detail of the connector-separator (3). Said connector-separator has notches (12) that allow inserting the construction steel bars that will be part of the reinforced concrete. The connector-separator (3) also incorporates two fins (13) that are located at each end thereof. As shown in Figures 1b and 1e, the longitudinal elements have grooves (10) where the connector-separator (3) (Figures 1a, 2, 3 and 4) is inserted. The distance (in figure 5a) between the two fins (13) is such that when the connector (3) (figures 1a, 2, 3 and 4) is inserted into the slots (10) (figure 1b) of the longitudinal elements (1) fit tightly. Pre-molding of the longitudinal elements is carried out with precision to obtain this result.

The complementary element (2) can be used in several ways:

• to finish off and close hermetically reinforced formwork with longitudinal elements, at its extremities (figures 1 d, 2, 3 and 4),

• in formwork where 2 walls meet a 90 ° angle (figures 3 and 4).

In this configuration, as in all others, the interior space (11) of the formwork can receive reinforcements that are inserted in the notches (12) (figures 5 and 7) of the connectors-separators (3 and 6), pipes and Then the concrete.

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on the outer side of the formwork, assembled by means of connectors-separators (6) specially designed for this purpose (figure 7), to a wooden or plywood plate (7) that in turn external reinforcements (9) to maintain the flatness of said plates during concrete filling.

Figures 7 and 7a show this connector-separator (6) that allows to join a pre-molded longitudinal element (1) with an iron (7) of wood, chipboard or plywood by means of screws or bolts inserted in the hole (8).

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Claims (4)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 1. Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam characterized by being formed by two formwork elements facing and joined together, forming a set within which the reinforcements are placed, the pipes and the concrete is poured, and at least one of said formwork elements being a longitudinal element (1) prefabricated in expanded polystyrene or another parallel-shaped plastic foam, where said longitudinal elements (1) are embedded in each other in both longitudinal and vertical direction and by the use of connectors-separators (3, 6), inserted in grooves (10) obtained in the elements (1) at the time of molding, where said connectors-separators (3, 6) hold the longitudinal formwork elements two by two and in turn keep them at a certain separation and by the use of prefabricated elements complements rivers (2) that have a groove (5) on both sides that allows them to be inserted into the vertical protuberances (4) molded at the ends of the longitudinal elements (1). 2. Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam according to the first claim characterized in that the longitudinal elements (1) have tongue and groove terminations in their lower and upper part for vertical joining with other longitudinal elements (1). 3. Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam according to the first claim characterized in that the longitudinal elements (1) have tongue and groove terminations on their sides for lateral union with other longitudinal elements (one). 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 4. Formwork for the construction of concrete walls or other similar elements that uses prefabricated alveolar polystyrene or other plastic foam according to the first CHARACTERIZED claim because it is formed on one side with a longitudinal element (1) and on the other hand by a plate of wood (7) or another type of plate assembled by a connector-separator (6) inserted in the grooves (10) of the longitudinal element (1) and connected with screws or bolts to the plate through an orificto (8). T to b C 5T d 1L _ image 1 image2 image3 i / -1 figure 1a (according to a-a image4 image5 image6 image7 image8 2 figure image9 image10 I I figure 2 ■: Figure 3 image11 image12