ES2543806T3 - Procedure for the conformation of an area of plates of wood-derived materials and device for it - Google Patents

Abstract

Continuous procedure for the formation of a singing area (7), in particular, of a song in the transition of surfaces of a plate of wood-derived material (1) with coating, with the steps - heating of the singing area (7) that has to be shaped, by introducing water and / or water vapor in the singing area (7) that has to be shaped - water and / or water vapor being injected through a hollow spike ( 14) of a rotating barbed cylinder (13), which penetrates the edge area - the subsequent heating of the edge area (7) by means of a high frequency device (16) and - the conformation of the edge area ( 7) under pressure, the forming being carried out in such a way that the wood-derived material plate (1) is passed in front of a forming tool (17).

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Procedure for the conformation of an area of plates of wood-derived materials and device for it

The invention relates to a process according to claim 1 for forming plates of wood-derived materials and a device for this according to claim 6. Continuous processes of this type and corresponding devices are used in the manufacture of panels of wood. roof, wall and pavement. As wood-derived materials, for example, high or medium density fiber plates are used, during which the panel surfaces profile the lateral surfaces.

During the profiling of the lateral surfaces are sharp edges that disturb during the subsequent transformation or that are not desirable for aesthetic reasons. These sections of sharp edge either have to be broken by a procedure with material removal or smoothed by a forming procedure. The resulting chamfers in the form of bevels are generally perceived as aesthetically attractive.

If the chamfers are made milling, there are disadvantages. On the one hand, the structural union of the wood-derived material is reduced by the milling of the mill. On the other hand, hereafter, the exposed base material must be complicatedly sealed against moisture. In addition, the exposed base material has a different color from the resistant surface of the wood-derived material, especially from a decorative surface.

Therefore, it is increasingly changing to the conformation of the edges of plates of wood-derived materials, in which coatings are maintained and therefore the sealing of the shaped area is guaranteed.

Proposals to eliminate both sharp edge sections and remedy unwanted changes were made known for example by document DE10356387. It is proposed to pass a heated tool over the surface areas to be smoothed or shaped and shaped under the action of pressure. In this type of surface machining, the very low heat input per unit of time is disadvantageous, so that with such an arrangement, only low working speeds and reduced degrees of conformation can be achieved. Nor is an unlimited increase in contact temperature possible, since in the case of high contact temperatures burns can occur at the point of contact of the surface to be shaped.

The document EP1086791 proposes to heat the area of the wood-derived material to be shaped and heat the forming tool with hot air and then achieve the desired conformation by a relative movement between the workpiece and the tool. In this type of surface machining the very low heat input per unit of time is disadvantageous, so that with such an arrangement only low working speeds are achieved. An increase in the contact temperature is not possible unlimitedly, since in case of too high temperatures burns can occur. In addition, the expense of the device is very high, since to avoid heat losses a housing or the like must be provided. It is also necessary to have a very high energy consumption, since the heated air, rather than absorbed and converted, is reflected by the surface of the workpiece.

Dresser Corporation document GB1510412 provides for wetting fiber plates with hot water. Next, the fiber plates are compressed stationary in a profiled hot press. A "preheating" of the plate is done only by adjusting the water temperature.

In documents DE102004031057 and EP1621304 of the applicant who discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 6 it is proposed to heat the area of the wood-derived material to be formed by infrared radiation to then achieve the desired conformation by means of a tool of conformation. This continuous procedure is designed for working speeds of 100 m / min and more. However, it has turned out that an excessively high expense is required for heating with infrared radiation, so that at these working speeds, under economic aspects its implementation does not seem to be convenient.

In addition, GB2340060 describes a process with which fiber plates are first heated, after they come from a thin layer of glue and then heated and wetted to prepare the plate for a conventional stationary hot press with sheet metal. profiled pressing.

MDF Incorporated describes in GB2364268 steam wetting of finished medium density fiber plates or spraying water onto fiber plates and subsequent heating by microwave radiation or infrared radiation. Wetted and heated plates in this way will

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they move to a hot press and are stationary forming sheets of doors.

WO87 / 005956 describes the conformation, especially the bending of plates of wood-derived materials, the surface thereof being previously moistened with a chemical solution. The chemical solution produces a rapid penetration (impregnation), necessary for bending, of the moisture in the plate.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for shaping areas of a plate of wood-derived material, with which, with good quality and economically acceptable conditions, they can be achieved Working speeds of 100m / min and more.

In order to achieve this objective, a procedure is proposed for the continuous shaping of song areas, in particular, of a song in the surface transition of a plate of material derived from wood with coating, in which at least in the song areas from the plate of material derived from the wood to be shaped, water and / or steam are incorporated by injection through hollow spikes that penetrate the edge area. Next, the endowed singing area is heated. The shaping is carried out by means of a shaping tool that acts on the heated edge area of the wood-derived material plate.

During the machining and transformation of wood-derived materials, especially MDF and HDF, the degree of humidity is critical, that is, the removal and absorption of water or water vapor. Variable humidity levels cause unwanted changes and are therefore rejected by experts. It aspires to a homogeneous, invariable degree of humidity. For example, when applying glues, care is always taken to use only the minimum amount of water necessary to avoid causing local changes in the area of application.

However, surprisingly, the endowment with water and / or water vapor contributes to make possible a conformation with a particularly homogeneous and high quality result. The water introduced into the ridge zone that has to be shaped can be heated quickly and due to its higher thermoconductivity compared to wood-derived material it contributes to the fact that even with a relatively low heating energy consumption, an increase of homogeneous temperature that also penetrates deeper into the material derived from wood.

It is enough even with small amounts of water to take advantage of this advantage that contributes considerably to make possible a higher working speed during shaping. To accelerate the heating of the area of song to be shaped, water vapor is introduced into the area of the material derived from the wood to be shaped. Mixtures of water and water vapor can also be used. Water vapor can be produced economically or is available economically and can be used to minimize or replace the additional energy necessary for heating wood-derived material.

According to an alternative of the process, it has proved advantageous to mix the water and / or the water vapor with means for adjusting the surface tension, also known as wetting agents. Generally, these are known means for reducing surface tension that produce a better wetting of the fiber surface. Thanks to the better humidification, water and / or water vapor penetrate faster and deeper into the area of the material derived from the wood to be shaped. This penetrating wetting of the fibers to be shaped produces a particularly homogeneous and lasting conformation result.

The introduction of water and / or water vapor is possible in multiple technically simple ways.

The provision of water and / or water vapor is carried out in the area of song that must be formed of the material derived from the wood. The injection allows a three-dimensional distribution of water and / or water vapor on or below the surface of the area to be formed from the material derived from the wood. In this way, not only the surface itself, but a three-dimensional area can be shaped. This allows a conformation of the material derived from the wood with a reduced force or alternatively a stronger conformation that exceeds a few hundredths of a millimeter and can ascend up to 1 to 2mm. In addition, the result of the conformation is especially homogeneous.

The provision with water and / or water vapor of the singing area to be formed is a decisive key to the rapid formation of wood-derived materials. Regardless of the source of energy or of

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heating, after the endowment with water and / or water vapor, the heat is transmitted more quickly on the surface and into the material derived from the wood. According to the invention, an especially high machining speed is achieved if a high frequency device is used that efficiently excites water molecules producing heat in this way. The use of high frequency devices is known per se.

In order to carry out the forming in addition in an economical way and to guarantee a good quality of the conformation, according to an advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention the forming tool can also be heated. In this way, a possible temperature gradient between the fibers on the surface of the area to be shaped and the surface of the tool is minimized or avoided. At the same time, a possible layer formation is thus counteracted in the shaped area of the wood-derived material, which may eventually form on the surface of the wood-derived material during the conformation of a wood-derived material heated to High temperature with a cold tool.

In the case of wood-derived material that conform in continuous procedures at low temperatures

or in applications that require a wide conformation of the wood-derived material, for example in the case of complicated edge profiling, a preferable embodiment of the process according to the invention is advantageous. According to the invention, the process for forming a zone of wood-derived materials is carried out at least twice in the same area of the wood-derived material to be shaped. In the simplest way, this is done in such a way that two devices for forming according to the invention are arranged one behind the other and the material derived from the wood to be formed passes through said devices.

An alternative embodiment of the process according to the invention is applied if the area of the wood-derived material provided with water and / or water vapor is still sufficiently heated after machining by means of a first forming tool. Then, by means of the action of a second forming tool, the desired contour can be achieved for the area of the material derived from the wood to be shaped.

The process according to the invention with its alternatives and options described above is used for shaping areas of wood-derived materials. It is especially applied in the transitions of the upper and lower sides to the lateral surfaces. But this procedure is also used for the formation of edges in the transition of surfaces resulting from the profiling of materials derived from wood, for example for the formation of edges in materials derived from wood with grooved surfaces.

The process according to the invention is preferably carried out with a device for the formation of a singing area, in particular, of a song in the transition of surfaces of materials derived from coated wood, which has means for heating an area of song of wood-derived materials and a tool for shaping areas of a wood-derived material. These components are known per se. According to the invention, they are complemented with means for the provision with water and / or steam of singing areas of a material derived from the wood to be shaped, the means for heating being arranged so that they act on the areas equipped with the material derived from the wood to be shaped, and in such a way that the forming tool acts on the area to be heated from the material derived from the wood to be shaped.

For the realization of the invention it is essential that the means for the provision with water and / or water vapor of the area of the material derived from the wood to be formed are arranged in front of the means for heating and in front of the tool of conformation.

The means for the endowment are made as means to inject. They are made as rotary cylinders with hollow spikes, whose spikes penetrate at least by sections in the area of the material derived from the wood to be provided. During this, water and / or water vapor is supplied from inside and through the hollow spaces in the spikes it is injected into the areas of the material derived from the wood to be provided. By means of this type of endowment, it is possible to introduce an exactly fixed amount of water or steam into the wood-derived material. It is advantageous that water or water vapor are not applied only to the surface of the wood-derived material.

The improved impregnation of the edge area to be formed with water or water vapor of good thermoconductivity also produces a markedly improved formability of the wood-derived material. This translates into a lower need for strength during shaping. Therefore the tool

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it has to exert less pressure on the wood-derived material to produce a predefined conformation. Alternatively, with the same force exerted as in the prior art, larger volumes of the wood-derived material can be formed. Therefore, the provision with water or water vapor in principle unwanted produces significant improvements in the formation of wood-derived materials, especially if the penetration power of water or water vapor in the material derived from the wood can be harnessed. wood.

The advantage of the improved thermal conductivity and therefore of the improved plasticization of the wood-derived material is especially efficiently utilized by a high-frequency device that is used for heating the wood-derived material, as described. previously. The wood-derived material is heated to where water or water vapor has penetrated. This penetrating heating improves the plasticization and therefore the formability of the wood-derived material, so that the singing areas can be better equipped with bevels or roundnesses. For the quality of these conformations it is advantageous if the plasticization and the conformation are carried out not only on the surface of the material derived from the wood.

According to the invention, preferable embodiments of the device have either two tools arranged one behind the other and postconnected to the means for heating. Or, the device has one after the other respectively at least two means for the endowment, means for heating, means for forming by which the material derived from the wood passes successively in the operating state until the completion of the conformation. Advantageously, the tools can be shaped so as to produce a partial conformation of the wood-derived material respectively.

The tools for shaping wood-derived material are known per se. Generally, they are rotationally arranged cylinders, whose profile is adapted to the conformation to be produced. The tools can be made heated. The tools can also be made in a fixed way, depending on the type of conformation to be performed.

Details of the invention are described in detail with the help of the following embodiments. They show:

Figure 1, a schematic representation of a plate of material derived from wood according to the invention Figure 2, a schematic representation of a detail of a panel of material derived from wood with a shaped edge according to the invention Figure 3, a schematic representation of a device according to the invention

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a plate of wood-derived material manufactured according to the invention, in this case as a pavement panel 1, composed of a support plate 2 with a coating 3.

The support plate 2 is composed of a high density fiber plate (HDF) and is made in the form of a parallelepiped. The support plate 2 has an upper covering surface 4, a bearing surface 5 arranged opposite to the upper covering surface 4. Pairs of opposite lateral surfaces 6 and 6 'respectively are arranged between the upper covering surface 4 and the lower bearing surface 5 which are arranged at right angles to the covering surface 4 and to the bearing surface 5. Between adjacent surfaces respectively a song 7 that joins the surfaces results. The respective pairs of opposing side surfaces 6.6 'have groove-shaped joining means 8 and key 9 with which several pavement panels 7 can be joined together forming an assembly surface not shown. Both the slot 8 and the key 9 are provided with corresponding interlocking means not shown that interlock the connected pavement panels 1 vertically and horizontally. The joining means, that is to say, the groove 8 and the key 9, as well as the interlocking means not represented of wood-derived material are made from the support plate 2.

The coating 3 is disposed on the upper covering surface 4 being attached along the entire surface and fixedly to the support plate 2. The coating 3 is composed of at least one layer of resin impregnated paper or at least one coating of paint or varnish. The coating 3 has a decorative design with an optical effect, for example wood grain, and also has an abrasion resistance effect that is achieved either by abrasion resistant particles or by a resistant varnish surface.

The edge 7 is regularly shaped by its total length and forms a bevel 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the bevel 10 is made in a rounded manner. Beyond the representation of figure 1, bevel 10

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It can be shaped regularly or irregularly. The bezel 10 can be made rounded or angular. The shape and size of the bevel 10 depend on the degree of conformation chosen.

Figure 2 shows an enlarged area of Figure 1, in the edge 7 of the support plate 2. A compacted area 11 is made below the bevel, the compaction also depending on the shape and size of the bevel 10 as well as of the degree of conformation chosen.

Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the device 12 according to the invention. The device 12 comprises a cylinder 13, whose circumferential surface is provided with needles 14. The guides are connected to a conduit 15 that supplies water. After the cylinder 13 a high frequency device 16 is arranged which in the operating state produces heat in the pavement panel 1. After the high frequency device 16, seen in the working direction designated by an arrow A, a shaping tool 17, whose contour is profiled. The profile is made in such a way that it reproduces the contour of the shaped area. The machining units described above, that is, the cylinder 13, the high frequency device 16 and the forming tool 17 are arranged so that they can act on a pavement panel 1 which is positioned on a transport device not shown posing in front of said machining units 13, 16 and 17.

In the operating state, a pavement panel 1 provided with a sharp edge profile is formed in the edge 7. The conformation is carried out in such a way that the panel 1 is firstly passed in front of a rotating cylinder 13, whose circumferential surface is provided with needles 14. Cylinder 13 is passed in front of panel 1 such that needles 14 penetrate at least partly into panel 1. The area of panel 1 pierced by needles 14 is charged with water to through a conduit 15, so that the edge 7 is wetted. Water penetrates the panel 1 through the perforation produced by the needles 14. During this, capillary forces promote the suction of the water. The water is heated to a temperature of 80 ° C. The high temperature also promotes water penetration.

Next, panel 1 is passed, in the working direction A, under a high frequency device

16. The high frequency device 16 acts on the wetted area of the panel 1. On the way to the high frequency device 16, the water has been absorbed at least in part by the panel 1. When passing through the high frequency device 16, the water is heated by the changing magnetic field, and correspondingly, the material derived from the wood is heated in all those parts where water has penetrated.

The heating dimension can be predetermined by correspondingly adjusting the power of the high frequency device 16. The heating is carried out very quickly, so that the working speed is 100m / min.

Next to the high frequency device 16 is the forming tool 17 which is here made as a wheel and acting under pressure on the heated area. The shaping is done only by the short action of the tool 17, no additional fixation of the shaped area is required.

Typically, the process according to the invention is used for forming the edges of wall, ceiling and / or pavement panels.

Claims (5)

1.-Continuous procedure for the formation of an area of song (7), specifically, of a song in the transition of surfaces of a plate of wood-derived material (1) with coating, with steps 5 -heating the singing area (7) to be shaped, by introducing water and / or water vapor into the singing area (7) to be shaped - the water and / or water vapor being injected by a hollow barb (14) of a rotating barbed cylinder (13), which penetrates the edge area 10 -the subsequent heating of the edge area (7) by means of a high frequency device (16) and -the conformation of the edge area (7) under pressure, the forming being carried out in such a way that the wood-derived material plate (1) is passed in front of a forming tool (17). 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that water and / or water vapor mixed with means is used to adjust the surface tension. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming tool (17) is heated during forming. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the same edge area (7) to be formed of the wood-derived material plate (1) at least a second tool is used. conformation for the conformation of the singing area (7) to be formed of a plate of wood-derived material (1). 5. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process for forming the edge area (7) to be formed of a plate of material derived from wood (1) is carried out at least twice in the same edge area (7) that has to be formed from the wood-derived material plate (1). 30 6.-Device for the continuous shaping of an area of song (7) that has to be formed, in particular, of a song in the transition of surfaces of plates of material derived from wood (1) with coating with - means (16) for heating the singing area (7) to be shaped, these being made as a high frequency device (16) and arranged in such a way that they act on the singing area (7) that has to be be conformed and -a shaping tool (17) for the shaping of the edge area (7), which acts on the heated edge area (7) to be shaped, such that a transport device passes the plate wood-derived material (1) in front of the forming tool (17), characterized because 40-means are provided (13,14) for introducing water and / or water vapor into the edge area (7) to be formed, the means being made as a rotating barbed cylinder (13) with hollow barbs (14 ) that penetrate at least by sections in the singing area to inject water and / or water vapor. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that at least two forming tools (17) arranged one behind the other are provided for forming. 8. Device according to at least one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that at least two devices (12) for forming shaping areas (7) of a wood-derived material plate (1) are provided behind each other. one). fifty 7