ES2392562T3 - Submarine with emergency exit hatch - Google Patents

Abstract

Submarine comprising a pressure hull (2) in which at least one emergency exit hatch (6) is formed that can be tightly closed with a lid (12) articulated in the pressure hull (2) ), and a tiltable lining (30, 32) made in two parts, which is arranged on the outer side of the cover and which is part of an outer liner (20) of the submarine, the cover (2) and the lining (2) being 30, 32) coupled for movement with one another, characterized in that the lining (30, 32) has a first lining part (30) that is immobilely connected with the cover (12) and is tiltable around the tilting axis of the cover (12).

Description

The invention concerns a submarine.

Particularly large submarines, such as submarines for military uses, usually present, apart from the actual exit hatch, one or several emergency exit hatches through which the crew can leave the submarine in case of A breakdown underwater. These emergency exit hatches are preferably arranged in an area of the submarine where the outer lining of the submarine is formed by an upper deck. In order not to damage the signature properties of the submarine, coverings that are part of the outer lining are arranged on the outer side of the cover that closes the emergency exit hatch in a pressure-tight manner. The coverings are attached here with the hull of the submarine and / or with the cover and, before opening the cover, they have to be removed from the outer side of the submarine with a tool expressly provided for it.

Special rescue submarines are available for the rescue of a sunken submarine, for example the "Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle" (DSRV) used by the US Navy. These rescue submarines have a bell-shaped berthing skirt, open outwards, with which they can be docked directly in the submarine on the outer side of the emergency exit hatch. The berthing skirt serves as access from the emergency exit hatch to the rescue submarine.

Before the evacuation of the crew of a damaged submarine, the water that is in the berthing skirt must first be pumped. Next, a crew member of the rescue submarine can enter the berthing skirt and remove and remove the lining arranged on the outer side of the emergency exit hatch cover. The dismantling and removal of the lining are difficult and time consuming due to the relatively restricted space conditions in the berthing skirt and significantly delay the rescue of people in the damaged submarine.

A two-part lining cover known from EP 1 767 451 A2, which is tiltable with a hatch cover, represents an improvement in this aspect, since it does not have to be released from the hatch cover. A part of the lining cover is fixed in a tiltable way to the hull of a submarine, while a second part is pivotally articulated in the hatch cover. Both parts are joined to each other by way of a hinge and, when tilting, turn out to be of a relatively large construction compared to the hatch cover, so that the covering cover occupies a considerable space in the berthing skirt of a rescue submarine, which can eventually hinder an emergency exit to move from a damaged submarine to a rescue submarine.

It is known from EP 1 457 419 A1 a submarine that has a pressure hull that can be closed with a tiltable lid and that can be closed with a tiltable lid inside the pressure-tight outer shell of the submarine. It is intended to download and collect divers. In an area on the outer side in front of the cover of the pressure hull of the sluice, an opening is formed in the pressure hull of the submarine that is covered by a section of the pressure hull that can be separated. This section of the pressure helmet is tiltable towards an area adjacent to the outer edge of the pressure helmet opening, being applied flat to the outer side of the pressure helmet. Due to this tilting capacity of the section of the pressure hull and due to the position of the pressure hull opening on a longitudinal side of the submarine it is not possible to dock a salvage submarine at this pressure hull opening, so that this pressure helmet opening cannot be used as part of an emergency exit hatch. This also applies to another embodiment known from EP 1 457 419 A1, in which a sluice pressure hull is arranged in an area outside the actual hull of a submarine that is surrounded by an outer liner which forms an upper deck of the submarine. In a lid that closes the pressure hull of the sluice a one-piece liner is fixed which, being closed the hull of the sluice, forms a part of the outer lining.

Given this background, the invention is based on the problem of creating a submarine of the aforementioned class, from which the crew can be rescued in the event of an underwater breakdown more easily and faster by means of a rescue submarine such as the one described above.

This problem is solved by a submarine with the characteristics indicated in claim 1, advantageous improvements of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims, in the following description and in the drawing.

The submarine according to the invention has a pressure hull in which at least one emergency exit hatch is formed. This emergency exit hatch is tightly closed by a hinged lid on the pressure hull. On the outer side of the lid is a two-piece liner that is part of an outer liner of the submarine. According to the invention, the cover and the lining are coupled

for movement with each other.

The basic idea of the invention is to join the liner for cooperation with the lid so that the liner together with the lid can be moved to a position where the cross section of the emergency exit hatch opening is released substantially completely. Therefore, when the crew must be evacuated to a rescue submarine, it is no longer necessary in the submarine according to the invention to cause the liner to be disassembled and removed by a person in the berth of the rescue submarine. In the submarine according to the invention it is only necessary to open the closing cover of the emergency exit hatch from inside the pressure hull or from inside the docking skirt and then swing the cover towards the docking skirt, moving to the At the same time, the lining towards the docking skirt, without hindering the exit route to the rescue submarine through the docking skirt. This reduces the time necessary for the preparation of the evacuation.

The coating is made in two parts, the two parts of the coating being tiltable. In this case, it is especially provided that the liner be divided parallel to the tilt axis of the lid into two lining parts arranged one after the other in a direction of the longitudinal extension of the submarine's pressure hull. In this way, by means of a suitable movement coupling with the cover, the parts of the lining can be tilted together with this cover to a particularly space-saving position within the berth.

For this purpose, the lining has a first lining part that is fixedly connected with the cover. Therefore, the first part of the lining is directly coupled for movement with the lid and is tiltable around the pivot axis of the lid. Conveniently, this part of the lining is sized so that it does not extend at all or only extends in an unimportant extent beyond the outer contour of the lid, whereby the first part of the lining together with the lid, after the tilting towards a berth of a rescue submarine, occupies there substantially the same space as a single cover. Preferably, the first part of the liner is the most distant from the two parts of the liner with respect to the pivot axis of the lid.

Advantageously, the liner has a second lining part that is tiltable around a tilting axis distanced from the tilting axis of the lid. Consequently, the second part of the coating is not directly connected with the cover. Instead, it is articulated to the submarine in another place and is coupled for movement with the cover through suitable gear means. The second part of the lining is conveniently arranged immediately adjacent to the pivot axis of the lid, preferably covering the latter. The tilting axis of the second part of the lining can be arranged here behind the tipping axis of the cover, considered in the direction of tipping of said cover, the tilting axis of the second part of the lining being distanced from the tilting axis of the cover in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the submarine's pressure hull and / or in a direction perpendicular to this longitudinal extension. Preferably, the tilt axis of the lid and the tilt axis of the second part of the liner are oriented in directions parallel to each other.

Another advantageous embodiment of the submarine according to the invention provides that the second part of the lining is articulated in the outer lining thereof. The articulation of the second part of the lining is conveniently provided here on the lower side of the outer lining. To allow a tilting angle as large as possible of the second part of the liner, this part of the liner is not directly articulated in a bearing provided in the outer liner, but is pivotally connected to the bearing through at least one connecting piece arranged between the bearing and the lining part, the connecting part being configured such that it embraces the outer lining of the submarine in the upwardly tilted state of the second part of the lining, whereby the second part of the lining , in the upturned state, it is arranged above the outer lining.

More advantageously, the space demand of the two parts of the lining in the berthing skirt can be reduced by means of a movement coupling with the lid in which, in a closed position of the lid, the flat sides of the parts from the liner away from each other are arranged opposite each other in an open position of the lid.

In the closed position of the cover the first and second parts of the lining are typically arranged in a common plane, in positions substantially parallel to the longitudinal extension of the submarine's pressure hull and adjoining one another, to form a part of the liner submarine exterior The aforementioned refinement provides that the two parts of the lining, when the lid is tilted upwards, are moved with different tilting paths so that these, in the opening position of the lid, seen in a direction transverse to the tilt axis and in parallel to the outer lining, be willing to cover each other in part. In the closed position of the lid the flat side - turned towards the emergency exit hatch - of one part of the lining, preferably the second part of the lining, is facing a flat side of the other part of the lining, preferably the first part of the lining, which forms a part of the outer side of the submarine in the closed position. Due to this execution, the coating formed by the two parts of

The lining has a clearly smaller construction size in the lid opening position, referring to its closing position, and is thus advantageously adapted to the small space offer in the berthing skirt.

The coupling of movement of the cover with the second part of the coating is preferably carried out through a connecting rod mechanism. In this case, a tilting movement of the lid can be transmitted through a connecting rod that is eccentrically articulated with respect to the pivot axis of the lid and which is also articulated in the second part of the liner eccentrically with respect to its axis of tilt In this context, an embodiment is advantageous in which at least one eccentric disc is arranged in rotation in each of the pivot axis of the cover and the axis of tilting of the second part of the liner, the disks of which are attached eccentric by means of a push bar articulated in them and acting as a connecting rod. There is a multiplication between the eccentric discs arranged on the cover shaft and the bearing stump of the second part of the liner due to the different distances from the center of the respective eccentric disc to the connecting point of the connecting rod. The second part of the cladding thus swings upwards to a lesser extent than the cover with the cladding part fixedly attached. The demand for space in the berth is reduced.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail by means of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. They show in this one:

Figure 1, in a side elevation, an area of a submarine with an emergency exit hatch formed therein,

Figure 2, the area according to Figure 1 in a plan view,

Figure 3, the area according to Figure 1 in a perspective representation,

Figure 4, in a side elevation, the area according to Figure 1 with a docking skirt of a rescue submarine docked on the said zone,

Figure 5, in a side elevation, the area according to Figure 1 with an open cover of the emergency exit hatch,

Figure 6, the arrangement according to Figure 5 in a plan view,

Figure 7, the arrangement according to Figure 5 in a perspective representation and

Figure 8, in a sectional view, the arrangement according to Figure 5 with the docking skirt of a rescue submarine in docked position.

In the area represented in the figures a pressure hull 2 of a submarine, not shown in detail, has an opening 4 in which an emergency exit hatch 6 of substantially annular configuration fits, the emergency exit hatch 6 resting on the perimeter of the opening 4 and, through a seat shoulder 8 projecting overhang of the peripheral side, on the outer side of the pressure hull 2.

An exit opening 10 of the emergency exit hatch 6 is closed in a pressure-tight manner by a cover 12 configured substantially in the form of a spherical cap. The cover 12 is jointly joined in rotation with a shaft 16 articulated on the side of the pressure hull through two levers 14 projecting cantilever on the outer side of said cover and which are arranged parallel to each other. The shaft 16 forms a tilting axis around which the cover 12 can be tilted to a closing position (figures 1 and 3) of the exit opening 10 of the emergency exit hatch 6 and a position (figures 5 a 8) release of the outlet opening 10.

On the outer side of the pressure hull 2 there is an outer liner 20 of the submarine that is distanced from the hull 2 by means of support components 18. In the figures, with the exception of figures 1 and 2, it has been dispensed with, for the sake of clarity, of the representation of the outer lining 20. The outer lining 20 presents directly on the outer side of the emergency exit hatch 6 an opening 22 which, as is especially evident in Figure 2, is closed by releasable parts 24, 26 and 28 of the outer liner and by a lining made in two parts, with a first lining part 30 and a second lining part 32, the aforementioned parts being located, externally in bundles, on the liner exterior 20.

At the far end of the levers 14, the cover 12 has on its outer side two supporting components 34 oriented parallel to the shaft 16 and whose bearing surfaces 36, in the closed position of the lid 12, are oriented parallel to the outer lining 20 Between the support components 34 and the levers 14, the cover 20 has on the outer side two projections 38 also oriented parallel to the tree 16 and projected outward, whose front sides are located in a common plane with the support surfaces 36 of the components

of support 34.

On the support surfaces 36 of the support components 34 and on the front sides of the projections 38 rests the lining part 30, which has, in correspondence with the position of the support surfaces 36, two recesses 40 and, in Corresponding to the position of the front sides of the projections 38, two recesses 42, said covering part being screwed on the support components 34 and on the projections 38 by means of screws extending through the recesses 40 and 42.

In addition, the lining part 30 has an additional recess 44. This recess 44 creates an access to an interlocking not shown in the cover 12. By introducing a suitable tool in the recess 44 and then maneuvering this tool, the cover 12 can be opened from the outer side of the submarine.

In an area of the outer liner 20 arranged behind the pivot axis of the cover 12, considered in the direction of tilt of said cover 12, two bearings 46 are arranged parallel to the shaft 16 on the flat side of the outer liner 20 which is turned towards the pressure hull 2. On each of the bearings 46 a respective lever 48 is pivotally articulated, a connecting piece 50 being mounted on one side of the lever 48 turned towards the shaft 16.

The connecting piece 50 is configured in the form of a stirrup, with a central area and two wings adjacent to the ends of this central area, of which a first wing is of a substantially C-shaped pumped configuration and a second straight wing is angled in the direction of the first wing at an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the central zone. The connecting piece 50 is fixed, on the inner side of the first wing, to the lever 48, which has on one side turned towards the shaft 16 a pumped inwards corresponding to the pumped of the first wing. On one side of the second wing of the connecting piece 50 that is away from the first wing of said connecting piece 50 rests the second covering part 32, this being screwed with the connecting piece 50. To receive the screws used for the second covering part 32 has two recesses 52 corresponding to the position of the connecting pieces 50.

At both ends of the shaft 16 which forms the tilt axis of the cover 12, two eccentric discs 54 are attached. Similarly, two eccentric discs 56 are fixedly connected with the tilt axes - formed by bearing stumps - of the bearings 46. Each eccentric disc 54 is arranged in the direction of tilting of the cover parallel to an eccentric disc 56, the eccentric discs 54 and 56 being connected to each other by means of a thrust bar 58 which is fixed rotatably on the eccentric disc 54 at a certain radial distance from the tilt axis of the cover and on the eccentric disc 56 at a certain radial distance from the tilt axis of the bearing 46. The eccentric discs 54 and 56 form with the bar of pushing 58 a connecting rod mechanism with which a tilting movement of the cover 12 is transmitted to the second lining part 32 through the lever 40 and the connecting piece 50.

Figures 4 and 8 show a rescue submarine docked at the outer side of the emergency exit hatch 6, with a berthing skirt 60 of the rescue submarine being represented only for reasons of clarity. To facilitate berthing of a rescue submarine, a U-shaped stirrup 62 is attached to the outer side of the cover 12. This stirrup 62 extends through a groove 64 formed in the first part 30 of the liner and a groove 66 formed in the second part 32 of the coating. To dock the rescue submarine, a diver fixed to the stirrup 62 a cable connected to the submarine, after which the rescue submarine can be approached, via the fixed cable, to the emergency exit 6 of the damaged submarine.

The dock skirt 60 of the rescue submarine is of open construction on its front side turned during docking towards the damaged submarine and, therefore, is filled with water after docking. This water has to be extracted first from the berth. Next, the interlocking of the cover 12 is released by a person located in the docking skirt 60 or a person located in the pressure hull 2 and the cover 12 is swung out, the first covering part 30 fixed to the outer side of the cover 12. At the same time, the turning movement of the shaft 16 is transmitted to the bearing stumps 46 and to the levers 48 fixed thereto through the eccentric disks 54 and 56, as well as the thrust bar 58, whereby the lining part 32 is also tilted. Since the tilt axis of the cover 12 and the tilt axis of the bearing 46 are spaced apart from each other and since the second cover part 32 is articulated in the bearing 46 through the connecting piece 50 and the lever 48, the tilting movement of the cover 12 and the covering part 30 disposed therein differs from the tilting movement of the second covering part or 32 such that the flat side of the second lining part 32 that is turned towards the pressure hull 2 in the closed position of the cover 12 is disposed substantially opposite the outer flat side of the first lining part 30. Therefore, the two lining parts 30 and 32 almost overlap each other, seen in a direction transverse to the tilt axis and parallel to the outer lining, which is especially evident in Figures 5, 7 and 8, and are thus optimally adapted to the small supply of space in the docking skirt 60. Between the eccentric discs 54 and 56 arranged on the shaft 16 of the cover 12 and on the bearing stump of the second covering part 32, respectively , a multiplication occurs due to the different distances from the center of the respective eccentric disc to the point of articulation of the push bar 58. From this

Thus, the second coating part 32 tilts less upwards than the cover 12 with the coating part 30 fixedly attached. Thus, the demand for space in berth 60 is reduced.

List of reference symbols

2

Pressure helmet

4

Opening

6

Emergency exit hatch

8

 Seat shoulder

10

Exit opening

12

Top

14

Lever

16

Tree

18

Support component

twenty

Outer lining

22

Opening

24

Outer lining part

26

Outer lining part

28

Outer lining part

30

Lining part

32

Lining part

3. 4

Support component

36

Support surface

38

Outgoing

40

Recess

42

Recess

44

Recess

46

Bearing

48

Lever

fifty

Union piece

52

Recess

54

Eccentric disc

56

Eccentric disc

58

Push bar

60

Docking skirt

62

Stapes

64

Slit

66

Slit

Claims (5)

1. Submarine comprising a pressure hull (2) in which at least one emergency exit hatch (6) is formed that can be tightly closed with a lid (12) articulated in the hull (2), and a tiltable liner (30, 32) made in two parts, which is arranged on the outer side of 5 the cover and which is part of an outer liner (20) of the submarine, the cover (2) and the lining (30, 32) being coupled for movement with one another, characterized in that the lining (30, 32) has a first lining part (30) that is immobilely connected with the lid (12) and is tiltable around the pivot axis of the lid (12). 2. Submarine according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating (30, 32) has a second part 10 covering (32) that is tiltable around a tilting axis spaced from a tilting axis of the lid (12).

3.

 Submarine according to claim 2, characterized in that the second lining part (32) is articulated in the outer lining (20).

Four.

 Submarine according to any of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the two coating parts

15 (30, 32) are coupled for movement with the cover (12) such that the flat sides of the lining parts (30, 32) away from each other in a closed position of the cover (12) are arranged facing each other in a lid opening position (12). 5. Submarine according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the second covering part (32) is coupled for movement with the cover (12) through a connecting rod mechanism. 6. Submarine according to claim 5, characterized in that in each of the pivot axis of the lid (12) and the tilting axis of the second covering part (32) is arranged in rotation in rotation at least one eccentric disc (54, 56), the eccentric discs (54, 56) being joined by means of a bar of thrust (58) articulated in them.