ES2389529B1 - Manufacturing process of horizontal and vertical walls made of plaster and common cane cut and optionally coated - Google Patents

Manufacturing process of horizontal and vertical walls made of plaster and common cane cut and optionally coated Download PDF

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ES2389529B1
ES2389529B1 ES201200800A ES201200800A ES2389529B1 ES 2389529 B1 ES2389529 B1 ES 2389529B1 ES 201200800 A ES201200800 A ES 201200800A ES 201200800 A ES201200800 A ES 201200800A ES 2389529 B1 ES2389529 B1 ES 2389529B1
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plaster
calla
matrix
horizontal
procedure
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ES2389529A1 (en
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Antonio Martínez Gabarrón
José Antonio Flores Yepes
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Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche UMH
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Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche UMH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/246Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E04C5/073Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

Consiste en un procedimiento de fabricación de paramentos de material compuesto formado por una matriz de yeso reforzado con caña común que posibilita el que dicho paramento pueda ser empleado tanto para las finalidades habituales en el campo de la construcción (revestimientos, particiones, falsos techos, etc.) como en determinados elementos resistentes (forjados de piso y cubierta), dada la elevada resistencia mecánica obtenida en comparación con los métodos de ejecución tradicionales. El paramento que se realiza está conformado por una serie de cañas (3) que se disponen cortadas longitudinalmente por la mitad y paralelas unas a otras, pudiendo opcionalmente estar revestidas dichas cañas mediante una mezcla de resina epoxi y árido fino. La disposición indicada permite que la adherencia de la caña (3) a la matriz de yeso (4) sea tal que ambos materiales colaboren mecánicamente.It consists of a process of manufacturing composite walls formed by a matrix of gypsum reinforced with common cane that makes it possible that said wall can be used for the usual purposes in the field of construction (coatings, partitions, false ceilings, etc. .) as in certain resistant elements (forged floor and roof), given the high mechanical strength obtained compared to traditional methods of execution. The face that is made is formed by a series of rods (3) that are arranged longitudinally cut in half and parallel to each other, said rods being optionally coated by a mixture of epoxy resin and fine aggregate. The indicated arrangement allows the adherence of the shank (3) to the plaster matrix (4) to be such that both materials collaborate mechanically.

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO DE FABRICACION DE PARAMENTOS HORIZONTALES Y VERTICALES A BASE DE YESO Y CARA COMUN CORTADA Y OPCIONALMENTE REVESTIDA 5 DESCRIPCION OBJETO DE LA INVENCION La presente invenciOn, segun se indica en el titulo de esta memoria, se 10 refiere a un pro cedimiento de realizacion mediante el cual se posibilita la obtencion de paramentos de cafia comun y yeso tanto verticales (paredes, tabiqueria...) como horizontales o inclinados (cubiertas, falsos techos, altillos, entresuelos, descansillos de escalera...) gracias a la alta resistencia mecanica de estos. Mediante el desarrollo practico del presente procedimiento se logra la obtencion de una seccion resistente 15 que, a diferencia de los paramentos tradicionales realizados con estos materiales, trabaja cumpliendo la hipotesis de deformacion plana de una manera que se asemeja a la forma en que trabajaria una seccion tradicional de hormigon armado, logrando de esta manera maximizar la colaboracion entre materiales. 20 Mas concretamente, el procedimiento preconizado consiste en una nueva manera de disponer las caiias en el interior de la masa de yeso, convenientemente modificadas. A diferencia del sistema tradicional en el que se disponen las cafias enteras paralelamente entre Si formando un armazon continuo que posteriormente servird de soporte a la masa de yeso; en la presente memoria se especifica una 25 manera alternativa de disposicion de la calla que produce mejoras evidentes en la resistencia mecanica de los pafios ejecutados. Logicamente al alterar la manera de disponer las cafias varia el proceso de disposicion de estas en \la matriz de yeso, por lo que esta etapa tambien se ye modificado en la invencion con respecto al sistema tradicional. 30 5 CAMPO DE APLICACION Tendra la presente invencion su campo de aplicaciOn dentro de la industria de la construccion asi como en la dedicada a la prefabricacion de tabiques divisorios, elementos horizontales resistentes y elementos similares. ANTECEDENTES 10 La construccion de paramentos realizados mediante el empleo de un material compuesto de cafia y yeso es conocida desde hace siglos. En areas donde la calla esta presente en grandes cantidades resulta un material barato y accesible, y que ha demostrado gran durabilidad cuando esta dispuesto en zonas interiores alejadas de la humedad, hasta el punto de poder conservarse siglos sin presentar 15 signos de desgaste o debilitaciOn. Ademas la ejecucion de este tipo de paramentos resulta sencilla y emplea materiales ligeros faciles de transportar, y que son de empleo habitual en la construccion biosostenible (aquella que emplea materiales locales y cuya extracciOn no suponga deterioro para el medio ambiente). El procedimiento habitual para la ejecuciOn de estos paramentos tradicionales suele ser 20 la disposicion de una multiplicidad de calms colocadas paralelas unas a otras, cubriendo en la medida de lo posible el area final del paramento, para lo que se suelen disponer regles y cafias mas gruesas sobre los que se va atando las cafias que formaran el paramento. Una vez realizado esto se aplica una capa de yeso por el lado que queda libre y se espera al fraguado para desmontar los regles y las catias 25 guia y se aplica una capa por el lado contrario, completando asi el paramento. Este procedimiento tradicional, sin embargo, proporciona a los paramentos realizados una falta de resistencia mecanica que lo haga Atil para entrar en carga. Un paramento vertical realizado de la manera tradicional no puede ser atravesado 30 para el paso de instalaciones ni sobre el se puede practicar ningim tipo de roza. Asi, quedan limitadas en gran medida las posibilidades de empleo de este material, sirviendo unicamente como tabiques divisorios interiores o para ejecuci6n de altillos de reducido tamafio, falsos techos y elementos similares mas de tipo ornamental que elementos practicos. La habitual falta de resistencia de estos elementos se debe a que en realidad 5 la caria apenas colabora mecanicamente con el yeso, sino que se limita a actuar a modo de encofrado interior que sostiene el yeso, por lo que la resistencia mecanica, especialmente a flexion, del paramento resulta extremadamente baja. La no colaboraciOn de la caria se debe a varios factores como la escasa separaciOn entre carias, que no permite que el yeso recubra sus laterales, la pelicula de lignocelulosa 10 que recubre exteriormente la caria y que le confiere una textura lisa y brillante que provoca que el yeso deslice sobre la caria. Seria deseable por tanto, un procedimiento de construed& de paramentos de cafia comim y yeso que provocara que la caria colaborase mecanicamente con el yeso, de manera que actuara de un modo similar al hormigon armado, absorbiendo el yeso los esfuerzos de compresion 15 y la calla los de traccion, provocando asi una mejora de las caracteristicas del paramento sin necesidad de aportar materiales extras. Es conocida por parte del titular de la presente memoria la existencia de los siguientes documentos que describen invenciones relacionadas con el empleo de 20 calla y/o yeso: CN101967852A. Raw bamboo structure building system and manufacturing method (Jianguo Bai, 2010-09-20). Describe un sistema de construccion en el que se ahorra hormig6n mediante la disposicion de carias enteras de bambil en las que 25 se introduce cemento o un elemento similar y que pueden ir armados interiormente, formando asi mOdulos que ensamblados con las piezas auxiliares necesarias contribuyen como armadura de una estructura de hormigon o bien pueden montarse como elementos resistentes de una estructura por si solos. La invencion que se preconiza en esta memoria aumenta la resistencia de un paramento mediante una 30 novedosa forma de disposicion de las carias interiores, que hace que aumente la adherencia entre yeso y caria y asi ambos materiales colaboren, por lo que el mecanismo de funcionamiento de ambas invenciones asi como el destino final para su uso se diferencian en gran medida. CN1154896A. Cement/plaster reed-fiber composite material and production 5 method thereof (Shen Zhaojun, Huang Xiaoming, 1996-01-15). Describe un material caracterizado por utilizar fibra de calla como material de refuerzo, cemento o yeso como material base, y una serie de adyuvantes y agua. Obtiene una placa de yeso en la que las microfibras actdan de un modo similar a como lo hace la paja en los ladrillos de adobe. Este sistema implica la necesidad de obtener las microfibras 10 mediante un proceso previo, lo que implicard un sobrecoste en el material. Ademds, la forma en la que colabora mecanicamente la fibra resulta diferente a cOmo lo hacen las carias de la manera que se indica en la presente memoria, por lo que resulta evidente la diferenciacion entre esta invencion y la preconizada en esta memoria. 15 CN2080080. Plaster plate using reed weaving neta as the sandwich layer. (Qingzhuo Duan, 1990-03-22). En esta invencion se emplean placas de yeso que son atravesadas por emparrillados de bambd entrelazado, de manera que dichas placas colaboran con la malla a al hora de absorber esfuerzos. En la invencion 20 objeto de esta memoria la caria no se dispone en malla, ni entrelazada, asi como tampoco se dispone el yeso en capas diferenciadas con respecto a la catia sino que todo el material esta intimamente ligado. GB124916. Reinforced Cement or Plaster Building Slabs. (Palmer William, 25 Richard Buswell, 1918-04-18). Se describe una manera de reforzar elementos de yeso mediante la disposicion de un entramado de calla, en la que esta se dispone en dos sentidos principales y se refuerza el conjunto con cafias adicionales dispuestas en diagonal. Esta invencion mejora la resistencia mecanica de un paramento de yeso mediante la maximizacion de la cantidad de cafia y una disposicion de relativa 30 complejidad, siendo ambos factores determinantes de un importante agravamiento de costes de fabricacion. En el presente procedimiento las calias se disponen en un 5 10 imico sentido, y la colaboracion entre calla y yeso viene dada por el aumento de la adherencia entre ambos materiales, no por la disposiciOn de entramado complejo. Los documentos GB190103853A, RS42204A, CN2510559 y GB647128A describen diferentes sistemas de realizaciOn de losas compuestas de yeso y caria, ideadas para su prefabricacion y su posterior instalacion en obra. En todos los casos, el objetivo buscado de estas invenciones es el lograr altos aislamientos termicos y acusticos o protecciOn contra incendios, no pretendiendo ni logrando en ningfin caso mejoras sustanciales en la resistencia mecanica. GB190525376 (A) Improvements in or relating to Coverings for Walls, Ceilings and the like. (Wiese Johann Dethlef,1905-12-06). Describe un sistema de disposiciOn de las carias a la hora de ejecutar un paramento de yeso y calla en el que se emplean diversos dispositivos que facilitan la ejecucion de un paramento con 15 respecto al modo tradicional, pero logrando el mismo resultado, por lo que las ventajas estan imicamente en la mejora de rendimientos a la hora de realizar la tarea. Por todo lo expuesto, se puede decir que no es conocida por parte del titular 20 de la presente memoria ningun procedimiento que describa la ejecucion de paramentos de yeso y calla de la manera en que se hace en la presente memoria, logrando ademas una importante mejora en la resistencia mecanica del elemento en cuestion. 25 DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION. La presente invencion consiste en un procedimiento de fabricacion de paramentos de material compuesto formado por una matriz de yeso (sulfato calcico de hidrato) reforzado con calla comim (Arundo doncvc L.), que posibilita el que dicho 30 paramento pueda ser empleado tanto para las fmalidades habituales en el campo de la consteruccion (revestimientos, particiones, falsos techos, etc.) como en determinados elementos resistentes (foijados de piso y cubierta), dada la elevada resistencia mecanica obtenida en comparacion con los metodos de ejecuci6n tradicionales. El paramento obtenido mediante el presente procedimiento esti formado 5 por una matriz de yeso que actaa como material resistente a compresion y otro material (refuerzo de calla coin* que acttla como material resistente a tracci6n en elementos sometidos a flexion. Para cumplir la hipotesis de deformacion plana de un paramento se habra de garantizar la correcta adherencia de la calIa al yeso, de manera que la rotura a flexion se produzca cuando la resistencia a flexion de la catia 10 sea superada o cuando la fisuracion del yeso sea excesiva. La capa externa de lignocelulosa que reviste a la calla comun supone un importante impedimento a la hora de lograr una correcta adherencia de la calla a la matriz de yeso, ya que presenta una superficie lisa y satinada que favorece el 15 deslizamiento de la cafia con respecto al yeso. Sin embargo, la pared interior de la calla si ofrece una superficie rugosa y de tacto lefloso que permite la penetracion por capilaridad de parte de la lechada de yeso y asi ofrece una mayor adherencia. Asi, mediante el previo cortado de la calla por la mitad en sentido longitudinal permitird ofrecer la cara in-term para la penetraciOn del yeso y ademas doblar la superficie de 20 adherencia. Por otro lado, la disposicion de una separaciOn minima entre calias facilita asimismo la penetracion del yeso hacia las zonas mas internas de la calla, garantizandose asi que la superficie de contacto entre la matriz y la calla sea lo mas 25 extensa posible. Si bien es de esperar que al cortar la calla se yea disminuida su resistencia a flexion, el hecho de conservar la seccion resistente, el eliminar las oquedades que provocaban el interior hueco de la calla, junto al citado aumento de adherencia 30 permiten doblar la resistencia a flexion de un paramento, e incluso con una variante altemativa conseguir un incremento de resistencia de mas de tres veces la obtenida con el metodo tradicional. 5 En una variante del proceso, es posible incluir una etapa de recubrimiento de las carias cortadas por la mitad, en la que con la ayuda de tin coaligante como resina epoxi o similar, se disponga en toda la superficie de la calla una capa de arido fmo. El aumento de la rugosidad de la superficie de la calla mediante esta etapa permite grandes aumentos en la resistencia final del paramento ejecutado, si bien implica sobrecostes en la fabricacion. Asi, el procedimiento se podria describir en los siguientes pasos, partiendo 10 de una situaciOn en la que disponemos de todos lo materiales necesarios: a) Limpiado y cortado de la cafia. Se realiza una limpieza mediante cepillado para eliminar fibras sobrantes y residuos de la caria, y se procede a su corte longitudinal en dos mitades lo mas similares posibles salvando las 15 irregularidades de la calla. b) Disposicion de un encofrado exterior para la matriz de yeso y a continuacion disposicion de las mitades de calla, situando estas paralelamente. Todos los herrajes que se empleen para el cimbrado de esta estructura de calla debera 20 disponerse de manera que en todo momento la calla quede accesible para su recubrimiento. c) Aplicacion de la matriz de yeso, que se incorporard inicialmente en forma de lechada para facilitar una penetraci6n inicial adecuada y posteriormente una 25 masa mas densa para rellenar la matriz. Finalmente se dispondra el acabado deseado. Las calias empleadas deberan tener un diametro homogeneo, con una desviacion maxima del 10%. 30 5 DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS Fig. 1. Se presenta una vista en perspectiva del proceso de fabricacion de un paramento horizontal, en el que tras disponer un encofrado de contencion, se disponen paralelamente las carias cortadas por la mitad. Fig. 2. Se puede observar una seccion del paramento de la figura 1. Fig. 3. Se representa una mitad de caria a la que se le ha aplicado una capa de arid° 10 fino con la ayuda de un coaligante, aumentando asi su rugosidad. DESCRIPCION DE LA FORMA DE REALIZACION PREFERIDA La presente invencion se ilustra mediante el siguiente ejemplo, siendo este 15 realizado a modo ilustrativo y no pretendiendo en absoluto limitar su alcance. Se presenta a continuacion dos realizaciones preferidas de la bolsa descrita en la presente memoria, a lo largo de la cual tambien se indicaran posibles alternativas de diserio que dan lugar a adaptaciones que no alteran en ningun caso su principio fundamental. 20 El procedimiento de fabricacion de paramentos de calla y yeso que se preconiza esta conformado por una serie de cafias (3) que se disponen cortadas longitudinalmente por la mitad y paralelas unas a otras. Los limites del paramento (1) quedan definidos por el encofrado exterior (2), el cual tambien limita el espesor 25 de la capa de yeso (4). El espesor de la matriz de yeso (4) sera proporcional al diametro de las carias, siguiendo la proporciOn 4/1 (canto total/diametro de caria). 30 Las mitades de carias (3) habran de disponerse con la superficie interior hacia arriba, para facilitar el acceso a la matriz de yeso (4). En la variante en la que las carias (3) se recubren de una capa que aumenta su rugosidad, previo a su disposicion se habra de impregnar cada caria con una 5 mezcla de material coaligante (5) y arido fino (6). La rugosidad de esta capa externa ird en proporcion al tamallo del arido (6), y por tanto la adherencia de la mitad de calla (3) depende de dicho factor. En el presente ejemplo se usa resina epoxi como coaligante, mientras que el arido es de diametro aproximado 1 - 2 mm (arena). El procedimiento, por tanto, para la ejecucion de un paramento horizontal, partiendo de una situaciOn en la que se poseen todos los materiales, consiste en: 10 a) Limpiado y cortado de la calla. Se realiza una limpieza mediante cepillado para eliminar fibras sobrantes y residuos de la calla, y se procede a su corte longitudinal en dos mitades lo mas similares posibles salvando las inegularidades de la calla. Asimismo, se corta la longitud adecuada a la longitud fmal del paramento. 15 b) Opcional. Recubrimiento de las mitades de calla mediante una mezcla de resina epoxi y arido de entre 1 y 2 mm de diametro. Posteriormente se almacenará la cafia hasta el secado de la capa externa y quedard listo para su empleo. 20 c) Disposicion de un encofrado exterior para la matriz de yeso y a continuaciOn disposicion de las mitades de calla, situandolas paralelamente. Todos los herrajes que se empleen para el cimbrado de esta estructura de calla debera disponerse de manera que en todo momento la calla quede accesible para su 25 recubrimiento. Para el caso de un paramento horizontal o inclinado, bastard con disponer algun elemento a modo de cimbra, para soportar las calIas durante su colocacion. En caso de paramentos verticales se habra de disponer de una estructura auxiliar sobre la que se apoyaran las callas verticalmente y la cual permitird que la cafia sobresalga lo suficiente para ser revestida por 30 completo por la matriz de yeso. d) Aplicacion de la mah-iz de yeso, que se incorporard inicialmente en forma de lechada para facilitar una penetracion inicial adecuada y posteriormente una masa mas densa para rellenar la matriz. Finalmente se dispondra el acabado deseado. 5 Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invencion, asi como la manera de ponerla en practica, no se considera necesario hacer mas amplia su explicacion para que cualquier expert° en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, haciendo constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, 10 podra ser llevada a la practica en otras formas de realizacion que difieran en detalle de la indicada a titulo de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzard igualmente la protecci6n que se recaba siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental.  PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PARAMENTS BASED ON PLASTER AND COMMON CUT AND OPTIONALLY COATED FACE 5 DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention, as indicated in the title of this specification, refers to a process of realization by means of the which makes it possible to obtain walls of common and gypsum both vertical (walls, partition walls ...) and horizontal or inclined (roofs, false ceilings, attics, mezzanines, staircase landings ...) thanks to the high mechanical resistance of these. Through the practical development of the present procedure the obtaining of a resistant section 15 is obtained which, unlike the traditional paraments made with these materials, works fulfilling the hypothesis of flat deformation in a way that resembles the way in which a section would work traditional reinforced concrete, thus achieving maximum collaboration between materials. 20 Specifically, the proposed procedure consists of a new way of arranging the caiias inside the gypsum mass, suitably modified. Unlike the traditional system in which the whole cages are arranged in parallel between Si forming a continuous framework that later will serve as support for the plaster mass; in the present specification an alternative way of arranging the shutter is specified which produces evident improvements in the mechanical resistance of the executed doors. Logically, by altering the way of arranging the cups, the process of disposition of these in the plaster matrix varies, so that this stage is also modified in the invention with respect to the traditional system. 30 5 FIELD OF APPLICATION The present invention will have its field of application within the construction industry as well as that dedicated to the prefabrication of partitions, resistant horizontal elements and similar elements. BACKGROUND 10 The construction of walls made using a material composed of cane and gypsum has been known for centuries. In areas where the calla is present in large quantities, it is a cheap and accessible material, and it has shown great durability when it is placed in interior areas away from moisture, to the point that it can be preserved for centuries without showing signs of wear or weakening. In addition, the execution of this type of walls is simple and uses lightweight materials that are easy to transport, and which are commonly used in biostable construction (one that uses local materials and whose extraction does not entail deterioration for the environment). The usual procedure for the execution of these traditional walls tends to be the arrangement of a multiplicity of calms placed parallel to one another, covering as far as possible the final area of the wall, for which regils and thicker coffees are usually available. on which the coffees that form the wall are tied. Once this is done, a layer of plaster is applied on the side that is free and the setting is expected to dismantle the rulers and catias 25 guide and a layer is applied on the opposite side, thus completing the wall. This traditional procedure, however, provides the paraments made with a lack of mechanical resistance that Atil does to enter the load. A vertical wall made in the traditional way can not be crossed 30 for the passage of installations or on it any type of rubbing can be practiced. Thus, the possibilities of using this material are limited to a large extent, serving only as internal partition walls or for the execution of  small attics, false ceilings and similar elements more ornamental than practical elements. The usual lack of resistance of these elements is due to the fact that the caria only mechanically collaborates with the plaster, but merely acts as an internal formwork that supports the plaster, so that the mechanical resistance, especially flexion , the surface is extremely low. The non-collaboration of the caria is due to several factors such as the scarce separation between carias, which does not allow the plaster to coat its sides, the lignocellulose film 10 that covers the caria exteriorly and which gives it a smooth and shiny texture that causes the plaster slide over the caria. It would be desirable, therefore, a procedure for the construction of walls of commissural and gypsum which would cause the caria to mechanically collaborate with the plaster, so that it would act in a manner similar to reinforced concrete, the plaster absorbing the compression efforts and the calla the traction, thus causing an improvement of the characteristics of the wall without the need to provide extra materials. It is known to the owner of the present report the existence of the following documents that describe inventions related to the use of calla and / or plaster: CN101967852A. Raw bamboo structure building system and manufacturing method (Jianguo Bai, 2010-09-20). Describes a construction system in which concrete is saved by the provision of whole bamboo carcasses in which cement or a similar element is introduced and which can be assembled internally, thus forming modules which, assembled with the necessary auxiliary parts, contribute as reinforcement of a concrete structure or they can be assembled as resistant elements of a structure by themselves. The invention proposed in this specification increases the strength of a wall by means of a new form of arrangement of the interior carias, which increases the adhesion between plaster and caries and thus both materials collaborate, so that the  The mechanism of operation of both inventions as well as the final destination for their use differ greatly. CN1154896A. Cement / plaster reed-fiber composite material and production 5 method thereof (Shen Zhaojun, Huang Xiaoming, 1996-01-15). Describes a material characterized by using calla fiber as reinforcement material, cement or gypsum as the base material, and a series of adjuvants and water. He obtains a plasterboard in which the microfibers act in a similar way as the straw in the adobe bricks does. This system implies the need to obtain the microfibers 10 by means of a previous process, which will imply an extra cost in the material. In addition, the way in which the fiber mechanically collaborates is different to how the caries do in the manner indicated herein, so that the distinction between this invention and that advocated herein is evident. 15 CN2080080. Plaster plate using reed weaving net as the sandwich layer. (Qingzhuo Duan, 1990-03-22). In this invention, gypsum boards are used, which are crossed by interlocking bamboo gratings, so that said plates cooperate with the mesh at the time of absorbing forces. In the invention object of this memory, the caria is not arranged in mesh, nor interlaced, nor is the plaster disposed in differentiated layers with respect to the catia, but all the material is intimately bound. GB124916. Reinforced Cement or Plaster Building Slabs. (Palmer William, 25 Richard Buswell, 1918-04-18). A way of reinforcing gypsum elements is described by means of the arrangement of a lattice framework, in which it is arranged in two main directions and the assembly is reinforced with additional coffees disposed diagonally. This invention improves the mechanical strength of a gypsum wall by maximizing the amount of coffee and a relative complexity arrangement, both of which are determinants of a serious worsening of manufacturing costs. In the present procedure the calias are arranged in a 5 10 sense, and the collaboration between calla and plaster is given by the increase in adherence between both materials, not by the arrangement of complex framework. The documents GB190103853A, RS42204A, CN2510559 and GB647128A describe different systems for the realization of slabs composed of plaster and caria, designed for prefabrication and subsequent installation on site. In all cases, the objective sought of these inventions is to achieve high thermal and acoustic insulation or fire protection, not pretending or achieving in any case substantial improvements in mechanical resistance. GB190525376 (A) Improvements in or related to Coverings for Walls, Ceilings and the like. (Wiese Johann Dethlef, 1905-12-06). Describes a system of disposition of the caries when executing a plaster and calla wall in which various devices are used that facilitate the execution of a wall with respect to the traditional way, but achieving the same result, so that the advantages are only in the improvement of performance when performing the task. In view of the foregoing, it can be said that no procedure describing the execution of plaster and shuttering walls in the manner in which it is made here is known by the owner 20 of the present specification, and it also achieves an important improvement in the mechanical resistance of the element in question. 25 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION. The present invention consists of a process for manufacturing composite walls formed by a matrix of gypsum (calcium hydrate sulphate) reinforced with calla comim (Arundo doncvc L.), which makes it possible for said wall to be used for both common features in the field of constriction (coatings, partitions, false ceilings, etc.) as in certain resistant elements (foixados de piso and cubierta), given the high  mechanical strength obtained in comparison with traditional methods of execution. The wall obtained by the present process is formed by a gypsum matrix which acts as a compression-resistant material and another material (calla coin reinforcement) which acts as a tensile-resistant material on elements subjected to bending. The flatness of a wall must guarantee the correct adhesion of the chalk to the plaster, so that the bending break occurs when the flexure resistance of the catheter 10 is overcome or when the cracking of the plaster is excessive. lignocellulose that coats the common calla is an important impediment to achieve a correct adherence of the calla to the gypsum matrix, since it has a smooth and satin surface that favors the sliding of the coffee with respect to the plaster. However, the inner wall of the calla if offers a rough surface and woody touch that allows the penetration by capillarity of part of the gypsum grout and thus offers greater adhesion. Thus, by previously cutting the shutter in half in the longitudinal direction, it will be possible to offer the in-term face for the penetration of the plaster and also to bend the adhesion surface. On the other hand, the provision of a minimum separation between callas also facilitates the penetration of plaster into the innermost areas of the calla, thus ensuring that the contact surface between the matrix and the calla is as extensive as possible. Although it is expected that when cutting the shutter its resistance to bending is decreased, the fact of conserving the resistant section, eliminating the cavities that caused the hollow interior of the shutter, together with the aforementioned increase of adhesion 30 allow to double the resistance to flexion of a facing, and even with an alternative variant to achieve an increase in resistance of more than three times that obtained with the traditional method. In a variant of the process, it is possible to include a step of covering the caries cut in half, in which with the help of a coaligant such as epoxy resin or the like, a layer of arid is disposed over the whole surface of the calla fmo The increase in the roughness of the surface of the calla through this stage allows large increases in the final strength of the facing executed, although it implies extra costs in the manufacture. Thus, the procedure could be described in the following steps, starting from a situation in which we have all the necessary materials: a) Cleaned and cut of the coffee. Brush cleaning is done to remove leftover fibers and debris from the caria, and proceed to its longitudinal cut in two halves as similar as possible saving the 15 irregularities of the calla. b) Arrangement of an external formwork for the plaster matrix and then disposition of the calla halves, placing these parallel. All the fittings used to form this shuttering structure should be arranged so that at all times the door is accessible for coating. c) Application of the gypsum matrix, which will initially be incorporated in the form of a slurry to facilitate an adequate initial penetration and subsequently a denser mass to fill the matrix. Finally, the desired finish will be available. The calias used should have a homogeneous diameter, with a maximum deviation of 10%. 30 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1. A perspective view of the manufacturing process of a horizontal facing is presented, in which after arranging a containment form, the caries cut in half are arranged in parallel. Fig. 2. A section of the facing of Fig. 1 can be seen. Fig. 3. A caria half is shown to which a thin layer of arid has been applied with the help of a coaligant, thus increasing its roughness DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The present invention is illustrated by the following example, this being done by way of illustration and not intending in any way to limit its scope. Two preferred embodiments of the bag described herein are presented below, along which possible alternative designs will also be indicated, which give rise to adaptations that do not alter the fundamental principle in any case. The procedure for manufacturing the calla and gypsum walls that is recommended is made up of a series of coffees (3) which are arranged longitudinally cut in half and parallel to one another. The limits of the wall (1) are defined by the external formwork (2), which also limits the thickness 25 of the plaster layer (4). The thickness of the plaster matrix (4) will be proportional to the diameter of the caries, following the proportion 4/1 (total edge / diameter of caria). 30 Caries halves (3) should be arranged with the inner surface facing up, to facilitate access to the plaster matrix (4). In the variant in which the carias (3) are covered with a layer that increases its roughness, prior to its disposition, each caria will have to be impregnated with a 5 mixture of coalescing material (5) and fine arid (6). The roughness of this external layer ird in proportion to the size of the arid (6), and therefore the adhesion of the calla half (3) depends on said factor. In the present example, epoxy resin is used as a co-initiator, while the arid is approximately 1 - 2 mm in diameter (sand). The procedure, therefore, for the execution of a horizontal wall, starting from a situation in which all the materials are possessed, consists of: 10 a) Cleaning and cutting of the door. Cleaning is carried out by brushing to eliminate leftover fibers and residues from the calla, and its longitudinal cutting is carried out in two halves as similar as possible, saving the inlays of the calla. Also, the appropriate length is cut to the final length of the facing. 15 b) Optional. Coating of the calla halves by a mixture of epoxy and arid resin between 1 and 2 mm in diameter. Subsequently, the coffee will be stored until the external layer is dried and ready for use. 20 c) Arrangement of an external formwork for the plaster matrix and then disposition of the calla halves, situating them parallel. All the fittings that are used for the shaping of this shuttering structure should be arranged so that at all times the door is accessible for coating. In the case of a horizontal or inclined facing, it will be necessary to arrange some element as a formwork to support the stones during their placement. In case of vertical walls, an auxiliary structure on which the shutters will rest vertically will be available and which will allow the cavity to protrude sufficiently to be completely covered by the plaster matrix.  d) Application of the plaster mah-iz, which will initially be incorporated in the form of a grout to facilitate an adequate initial penetration and subsequently a denser mass to fill the matrix. Finally, the desired finish will be available. 5 Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages derived from it, stating that, within its essentiality, 10 may be carried out in other forms of realization that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also reach the protection that is sought provided that it is not altered, changed or modified its fundamental principle.

Claims (3)

1. PROCEDIMIENTO DE FABRICAC ION DE PARAMENTOS HORIZONTALES Y VERTICALES A BASE DE YESO Y CAA COMON, en el 5 que se emplean como materiales calia comem (3) y yeso (sulfato calcico de hidratado) y se hace uso de un encofrado (2) que delimite el paramento (1) caracterizado por que consta de las siguientes etapas: 10 15 a) Limpiado y cortado de la cafia (3). Se realiza una limpieza mediante cepillado para eliminar fibras sobrantes y residuos de la calla (3), y se procede a su corte longitudinal en dos mitades lo mas similares posibles salvando las irregulaiidades de la catia (3). Asimismo, se corta la longitud adecuada a la longitud fmal del paramento (1). b) DisposiciOn de un encofi-ado exterior (2) para la matriz de yeso (4) y a continuacion disposiciOn de las mitades de calla (3), situandolas paralelamente. 20 c) Aplicacion de la matriz de yeso (4), que se incorporard inicialmente en forma de lechada para facilitar una penetracion inicial adecuada y posteriormente una masa mas densa para rellenar la matriz. Finalmente . se dispondra el acabado deseado. 1. PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PARAMENTS BASED ON PLASTER AND CAA COMON, in the 5 that are used as materials calia comem (3) and gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate) and use of a formwork (2) that delimits the facing (1) characterized in that it consists of the following stages: 10 15 a) Cleaning and cutting of the cane (3). Cleaning is carried out by brushing to remove excess fibers and residues from the calla (3), and it is cut longitudinally into two halves that are as similar as possible, saving the irregularities of the stone (3). Likewise, the appropriate length is cut to the final length of the facing (1). b) Arrangement of an exterior formwork (2) for the plaster matrix (4) and then arrangement of the calla halves (3), placing them in parallel. C) Application of the gypsum matrix (4), which will be initially incorporated in the form of a grout to facilitate an adequate initial penetration and later a denser mass to fill the matrix. Finally . the desired finish will be provided. 2. PROCEDIMIENTO DE FABRICACION DE PARAMENTOS 25 HORIZONTALES Y VERTICALES A BASE DE YESO Y CA&A COMUN, conforme a lo especificado en la reivindicacion 1, caracterizado por que se realiza un paso adicional posterior a la etapa denominada a) consistente en: . a.1) Recubrimiento de las mitades de calla mediante una mezcla de resina 30 epoxi y arid() fmo. Almacenamiento hasta secado de la mezcla. 2. PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PARAMENTS BASED ON PLASTER AND COMMON CA&A, as specified in claim 1, characterized in that an additional step is carried out after the stage called a) consisting of:. a.1) Coating the calla halves with a mixture of epoxy resin and arid () fmo. Storage until drying of the mixture. 3. PROCEDIMIENTO DE FABRICACION DE PARAMENTOS HORIZONTALES Y VERTICALES A BASE DE YESO Y CAS1A COMf1N, conforme a lo especificado en la reivindicacion 2, caracterizado por que el tamafio del arid° es de entre 1 y 2 mm de diametro. 3. PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL PARAMENTS BASED ON PLASTER AND COMMON CASE, as specified in claim 2, characterized in that the size of the arid is between 1 and 2 mm in diameter.
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