ES2368498T3 - SECURITY ROLE AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING. - Google Patents

Abstract

Claimed is a security paper for the production of e.g. banknotes or identity cards, and incorporating two or more holes (12, 16). The first hole (12) is formed during the paper manufacturing process and bears characteristic marginal (14) irregularities. The second hole is incorporated after the paper manufacturing process has been completed. The second hole is formed by cutting or punching and has a sharply defined edge (18). The two holes have a spatial relationship to each other. The margins around each hole bear supplementary information relating to each other e.g. an image, mark or code. The second hole is surrounded by foil and cut by laser beam. The security paper product is of pre-determined thickness and further incorporates a zone of reduced thickness incorporating the second aperture and a watermark. Further claimed is a process to manufacture a commensurate security document.

Description

Safety paper and manufacturing procedure

The invention relates to a security paper for the manufacture of security or value documents, such as banknotes, identity cards and the like.

In order to increase security, security papers or valuable documents are provided in many cases with different authenticity characteristics, which allow the authenticity of the security paper or the value document to be verified and which serve at the same time as protection against reproduction not allowed.

In the sense of the invention, the concept "security paper" refers to unprinted paper, which is usually presented in an endless form, so to speak, and which will subsequently be subjected to subsequent processing. "Value document" means a document that is finished for use as intended. Documents of value within the meaning of the present invention are, in particular, banknotes, stocks, loans, securities, bonds, heels, valuable tickets, but also other documents that are in danger of being falsified, such as passports or other Identity documents, as well as elements to ensure products, such as labels, stamps, packaging and the like. The simplified denomination "security paper" or "value document" will hereafter include all documents and means to secure products of this type.

WO 95/10420 describes a valuable document, in which a through hole is stamped after manufacture, which is then closed on one side with a cover sheet protruding from the hole on all sides. The cover sheet is transparent in at least a partial area, so that, when making an attempt to copy the value document, the background shines through the hole being reproduced correspondingly by the copier. In this way fakes can be easily detected. However, the hole made by the stamping can also be made by a forger. Although the color copy of a document of authentic value no longer presents the transparent zone, this zone can be subsequently stamped analogously to the document of authentic value and can be closed again with a suitable coating sheet. It is difficult to detect counterfeits of this type.

To solve it, in WO 03/054297 it was proposed to make a through hole during the papermaking. An orifice of this type, made during sheet formation, has characteristic irregularities in the marginal zone, which cannot be made later on the finished paper. The irregularities are manifested in particular by the lack of a clean cutting edge or by the irregular deposition of fibers in the marginal zone and by individual fibers that appear in the hole. The holes made in this way have a safety value of a quality similar to that of a watermark made during papermaking or a security thread incorporated during papermaking.

However, the quality of such holes made during papermaking varies in many cases and is not easy to reproduce. In part, there is also the danger that some strands of fibers close the hole in part.

Starting from this, the invention aims to create a security paper, which avoids the inconveniences of the state of the art. In particular, the security paper must meet the great security against counterfeiting of the holes made during the manufacture of the paper with great reproducibility in the manufacture and ease of distinction of the authenticity characteristics formed by the holes.

This objective is achieved by the characteristics of the independent claims. Variants of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

In a first aspect of the invention, a generic security paper comprises at least two through holes, a first through hole having been made during papermaking and having the same characteristic irregularities in the marginal area and the second through hole having been made after paper manufacturing by cutting or stamping with a sharply delimited marginal zone.

The contour shapes of the first and second through holes are preferably related as to their meaning. In particular, it may be provided that the contour shapes of the first and the second through hole represent information related to each other or that complement each other, such as a motif in the form of an image, characters or an encoding.

In a preferable embodiment, the second sharply delimited hole is made by laser cutting. The sharply delimited side surfaces of the second hole can extend here in the parallel or perpendicular direction with respect to the paper surface. In other configurations, the second hole is made on the contrary with lateral surfaces that have different inclinations with respect to the normal surface. This can be achieved, for example, in laser cutting, by a suitable choice of the divergence of the beam and the inclination of the beam relative to the surface of the paper. In particular, the divergence of the beam and the inclination of the beam with respect to the surface of the paper can be adjusted such that the second hole is made with lateral surfaces that have different inclinations with respect to the normal surface. Flattened edges make a smoother transition between a coating sheet disposed above the holes and the paper substrate and, therefore, among other things that are less susceptible to fouling.

The lateral surfaces with different inclinations also offer advantages in case of a laminate of the hole on both sides with sheets and minimize in particular the possible problems with air inclusions in the case of a laminate on both sides. In addition, the holes with inclined side surfaces have an additional optical effect compared to vertical side surfaces, since they appear to have different sizes, depending on the direction of observation.

In an advantageous variant of the invention, the security paper has a predetermined paper thickness and a thin part with a reduced paper thickness, at least the second through hole being made in the area of the thin part. The thin part may comprise, in particular, a watermark.

It is recommended that the two holes be closed at least to one side of the security paper with a foil element. In some configurations, the holes are closed even on both sides with a sheet. Thanks to the sloping edges mentioned above, possible problems of air inclusions can be minimized here.

According to another aspect of the invention, a generic security paper comprises at least one through hole, the lateral surface of the through hole having first clearly defined partial areas and second partial areas with characteristic irregularities. The first and second partial zones preferably alternate along the contour line of the hole. In particular, it may be provided that the first and second partial zones alternate along the contour line of the hole according to an irregular sequence.

In one configuration, the first and second partial zones respectively extend along the entire thickness of the paper. It may also be provided that the first and second partial zones are arranged one after the other in one direction along the thickness of the security paper, completing to form the through hole. In a marginal section, for example, partially defined sharp areas can be extended along 90% of the paper thickness, while the lateral surface for the remaining 10% of the paper thickness is irregular. Marginal sections of this type can also be combined with other marginal sections, in which the first or second partial areas extend completely throughout the paper thickness.

A sequence of this type of first and second partial zones along the thickness of the security paper can be realized, for example, because during the papermaking a through hole is made with irregularities characteristic in the marginal zone by modifying the marginal zone of the hole This is done after the paper is manufactured by cutting or stamping, thus being clearly defined, at least in partial areas. The modification is preferably carried out by laser cutting, there being also the aforementioned possibilities of inclination of the lateral surfaces.

The sequence of first and second partial zones along the thickness of security paper can be carried out, for example, also because a piece of paper with the desired shape of the hole is defined with sharply defined cut lines, interrupted in the security paper , then removing the piece of paper thus defined from the security paper, in particular by blowing or pulling it. The piece of paper is preferably defined by laser cutting, there being again the aforementioned possibilities of tilting the lateral surfaces.

Another possibility of carrying out the sequence of first and second partial zones provides for the security paper to make a thin part clearly delimited with the shape of the desired hole and tear off, in particular blow or throw the piece of paper formed in the area of the thin part by the remaining paper thickness. Also the sharply delimited thin part is created in a preferable procedure by laser cutting, if desired, with inclined side surfaces, as explained above.

In a recommended configuration, the security paper has a predetermined paper thickness and a thin part with a reduced paper thickness, for example a watermark, the through hole having been made in the area of the thin part.

The through hole is recommended closed to one side or even to both sides of the security paper with a foil element.

According to another aspect of the invention, a generic security paper comprises at least one through hole made during papermaking, which has characteristic irregularities in the marginal zone. The through hole is combined with a laser engraving, which complements the hole for the representation of a projection. The through hole is preferably closed on one side or even on both sides of the security paper with a foil element. According to another aspect of the invention, a generic security paper comprises a built-in foil element, which is visible in partial areas thanks to window areas made by paper techniques. The security paper also has a hole in the area of the sheet element after the paper is manufactured by cutting or stamping with a clearly defined partial area.

In an advantageous configuration, the sharply delimited hole is arranged above and / or directly next to the sheet element. The sharply defined hole is preferably made continuously, with the exception of an eventual overlapping area with the sheet element.

According to a preferred embodiment, the window areas are arranged on a first main surface of the security paper, while the sharply delimited hole extends from the opposite main surface of the security paper to the sheet element.

In all configurations, the sheet element may represent a security element, in particular a security thread or a security tape.

The clearly defined hole is advantageously made with laser cutting. The side surfaces of the hole may be inclined, as explained above. In a recommended configuration, the security paper has a predetermined paper thickness and a thin part with a reduced paper thickness, for example a watermark, the clearly defined hole having been made in the area of the thin part. The sharply delimited hole is recommended closed to one side or even to both sides of the security paper with a foil element.

The invention also includes a value document, such as a banknote, an identity card and the like with a security paper of the type described. The security paper or the value document according to the invention can be used to protect products of any kind against counterfeits.

Other exemplary embodiments as well as advantages of the invention will be explained below with the aid of the Figures, having renounced in their representation a reproduction at scale or with the exact proportions to increase clarity.

They show:

Figure 1 a schematic representation of a banknote of a security paper according to an embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 a plan view from above of a security paper according to another embodiment of the invention;

Figures 3 and 4 other embodiments for configurations according to the invention of two holes in a security paper having a relation as to their meaning;

Figures 5 to 7 respectively in (a) an intermediate stage in the manufacture of the security paper shown in (b) in a plan view from above according to other embodiments of the invention;

Figure 8 in (a) an intermediate stage in the manufacture of a security paper according to another embodiment of the invention and in (b) a detail of (a) after separating the cut-out form;

Figure 9 a plan view from above of a security paper according to another embodiment of the invention;

Figure 10 in (a) a top plan view of a security paper with a foil element incorporated according to an embodiment of the invention, and in (b) and (c) sectional views of the security paper of (a) along the BB or CC lines;

Figures 11 and 12 respectively in (a) a plan view from above of a security paper with sheet element according to other embodiments of the invention, and in (b) and (c) sectional views of the security paper of (a) along the BB or CC lines;

Figure 13 a configuration in which a laser cut hole is made in the area of a thin part made with paper techniques;

Figure 14 in (a) and (b) a two-stage sectional view in the manufacture of a security paper according to another embodiment of the invention and in (c) a top view of the security paper of (b);

Figure 15 in (a) to (c) a representation as in Figure 14, the laser cut hole being made in the area of a thin part made by paper techniques; Y

Figure 16 in (a) and (b) two examples of realization of laser cut holes with inclined lateral surfaces with respect to the normal surface.

Next, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a banknote. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a banknote 10, which has two through holes 12 or

16. The first of the through holes 12 was made here during the manufacture of the security paper used for the banknote 10 and has a fibrous, irregular marginal area 14. An edge 14 of this type is characteristic for the holes already made during sheet formation and cannot subsequently be made by cutting or stamping the paper.

The second through hole 16 was not made until after the paper was manufactured by laser cutting or with the aid of a stamping tool and has a sharply defined marginal area 18. The two through holes 12 and 16 show the same information separated from each other in space twice; in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 1, respectively, an equilateral triangle. It is understood that instead of the triangle, more complex shapes can also be used, whose contours represent, for example, a sequence of figures or a simple graph.

Even if the information represented by the first hole 12 is not distinguishable at first sight, due to its irregular marginal area 14, the observer can establish the relationship between the two shapes thanks to the second hole 16 made with sharp contours and can distinguish the information Without a doubt. Thanks to the fact that the information is presented twice in different ways, the view and attention of the observer focus precisely on the difference between the two holes. In this way the great security against counterfeiting of the hole 12 with irregular edge is combined with the possibility of clear distinction of the hole 16 of sharply defined edge.

The detail of Figure 12 shows a plan view from above of a security paper 20 according to another embodiment of the invention. The security paper 20 has a first hole 22 made with paper techniques with an irregular marginal area 24 and a second hole 26 made by laser cutting with a sharp edge 28. Also here, the contour shapes of the two holes 22 and 26 They are related in terms of meaning. However, unlike the example of embodiment of Figure 1, they do not present the same information but form complementary parts of complete information.

The represented motif is preferably adapted to the different properties of the edges of the two holes. For illustrative purposes, Figure 2 shows a floral motif, in which the flower is formed by the first hole 22 with the irregular edge and the stem and leaves by the second hole 26 with a sharp edge. Since flowers have very different and variable aspects in nature, the representation as a whole has a very realistic effect. At the same time, great protection against counterfeiting is guaranteed thanks to the use of the two forms of holes.

Figures 3 and 4 show other exemplary embodiments for configurations in which the contour shapes of a first irregular edge hole and a sharply defined second edge hole are related in terms of meaning.

The exemplary embodiment of Figure 3 (a) shows a sun in the form of a first circular hole 32, irregular edge with solar rays oriented radially outward, which are formed by triangular holes 34, laser cut or stamped. The rays formed by the second holes 34 represent in this exemplary embodiment a motif that depends on the first hole. Also in Figure 3 (b), the first irregularly shaped star-shaped hole 36 represents a main motif, on which the second irregularly circular circular holes 38 depend graphically.

Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the invention, in which irregularly bounded holes 42 and sharply delimited holes 44 complement each other, respectively, forming the denomination "100" of a banknote 40. As usual , the denomination of the banknote is also applied elsewhere in a clearly legible form, for example it is printed. In a real banknote, only one of the configurations of Figure 4 can be used or the two configurations may be provided and if necessary others in different places of the banknote.

The relationship as to the meaning of the two types of holes may also result because the irregular edge hole is modified by the sharply defined edge hole, as will be explained below with reference to Figures 5 to 7. Figure 5 (a ) shows a plan view from above of a security paper 50, in which a first orifice 52 of irregular edge has been made in the manufacture of the paper first. The hole 52 is modified after the paper is manufactured by laser cutting with two holes 54 of sharply delimited edges, the positions of which are indicated in Figure 5 (a) by a broken line.

After laser cutting, a single continuous and through hole 56 results, showing, as shown in Figure 5 (b), on the one hand, partial areas 58 with irregular edge and, on the other hand, partial areas 59 with sharp edge Due to the manufacture in two stages. Thanks to such a modification, the properties of the edges of the two types of holes can be combined into a single through hole.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 6, an irregularly shaped hole 62 in the form of a predetermined figure, for example in the form of the figure with four arrows, is made in the manufacture of the paper on a security paper 60 in a first stage. shown in Figure 6 (a). The irregular marginal area 64 of this Figure is then partially cut again with a laser. As shown in Figure 6 (b), this results in a through hole 66, which has, on the one hand, partial areas 68 with an irregular edge and, on the other hand, partial areas 69 with a sharp edge. The ratio and sequence of partial zones 68, 69 can be freely chosen.

Figure 7 shows another embodiment, in which, as in the example of embodiment of Figure 6, an irregular edge hole 72 is first made in a security paper 70, as shown in Figure 7 (a). After paper is made, the hole 72 is completely cut again with a laser (reference sign 74), the size of the second cut 74 being chosen somewhat smaller than the size of the hole 72. In this way a through hole is formed. 76, showing in an irregular sequence partial areas 78 with irregular edge and partial areas 79 with sharp edge, as shown in Figure 7 (b).

A sequence of regular and irregular marginal areas can also be achieved without the participation of a hole already made during papermaking. The desired shape of a through hole 82 can be cut, for example, with the aid of a laser in such a way of a security paper 80 that the cutting lines 84 do not form a continuous cutting curve, being interrupted, on the contrary, by Partial pieces 86 not cut, as shown in Figure 8 (a). The partial pieces 86 form clamping souls that, at first, prevent the cut-out form from separating.

Then, the cropped form can be separated, for example, by blowing with a jet of air or under vacuum. As shown in detail 85 depicted in Figure 8 (b), the piece of paper cut in this process is broken irregularly in the holding souls 86, while the cut lines 84 form sharp marginal edges. The marginal area towards the hole 82 therefore has a sequence of irregularly cut partial areas 88 and of partially cut out partial areas 89, whose relative size and sequence can be chosen almost freely by guiding the cutting in the laser cutting.

In the other embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 9, the security paper 90 has a through hole 92 made during the manufacture of the paper with an irregular, fibrous edge. Hole 92 is combined with engraved lines 94 that have been made by laser engraving. Engraved lines 94 are formed by locally thinned areas on security paper 90, as described for example in WO 98/03348, which object of the invention is included in this sense in this description. The position and arrangement of the engraved lines 94 are chosen according to the invention in such a way that they complement the hole 92 forming a representation of a projection.

When viewed with incident light, the recorded lines 94 can hardly be distinguished; in this case, the appearance depends on the flat shape of the hole 92. When the security paper is observed, on the contrary, in the light, the engraved lines 94 clearly stand out due to the smaller thickness of the paper and complement the flat hole 92 forming a three-dimensional projection representation. The combination of the irregular hole 92 with the engraved lines 94 thus leads to an optically striking change between a 2D and 3D representation.

According to another configuration of the invention, which will be described below with reference to Figures 10 to 12, the security paper is provided with a foil element, such as a built-in security thread or a strip of foil coated on one side. .

Figure 10 shows by way of example a security paper 100 in which a strip of sheet 102 is incorporated. Figure 10 (a) represents a plan view from above of the security paper, Figures 10 (b) and 10 (c) show sectional views of the security paper of Figure 10 (a) along the BB or CC lines. The strip of sheet 102 was coated before being incorporated into the security paper on the lower side 104 on its entire surface with heat seal varnish 107. On the other hand 106, on the contrary, only traces 108 were coated on the edge of the heat-sealed varnish sheet, so that the central area of the top side sheet 106 is left uncoated.

In non-woven fabric, paper is now formed on both sides of the sheet. Additionally, a window 110, in which the sheet element is seen, is left free, for example with the help of electrotyping, on the lower side 104 of the strip of film. On the lower side 104 coated on its entire surface with heat seal varnish 107, the nonwoven fabric is fixed in the battery of dryers, with the exception of the window 110 left free. On the opposite side 106 opposite, only the marginal areas 108 covered by traces with the heat seal varnish on the dryer battery are otherwise fixed.

Next, a shape 112 is cut with a laser above the window 110 left free of the opposite side 104, as can be seen perfectly in the sectional view of Figure 10 (c). The laser parameters are chosen here in such a way that only the paper is cut, but not the sheet strip 110. This can be achieved, for example, because the laser cutting is performed with a laser wavelength for which the Sheet strip 102 is transparent and non-absorbent.

The cut-out shape 112 can then be removed with a suction device, since thanks to the fact that no coating with heat seal varnish is provided on the front side 106 and thanks to the surface of the non-stick sheet, no joint has occurred between the piece of cut paper and sheet.

Another embodiment with a sheet element will be explained below with the help of Figures 11 and 12. First, Figure 11 (a) represents a plan view from above of a security paper 120 and Figures 11 (b ) and 11 (c) show sectional views of the security paper of Figure 11 (a) along the BB or CC lines. A security thread 122 is incorporated in the security paper 120, which can be seen first in the window areas 124 made with paper techniques on the back side of the paper, as shown in Figure 11 (b).

In addition, in the area of the window 124, a sharp edge hole 126 has been made from the front side of the security paper 120 with a laser, which extends over the security thread 122. For this purpose , the laser parameters are chosen in such a way that the laser perfectly cuts the paper substrate 120, but not the security thread 122. In the area of the hole 126, the security thread 122 can be seen from both sides, as shown in Figure 11 (c).

In the alternative configuration shown in Figure 12, the laser cut hole 128 does not pass through the security thread 122, unlike what occurs in the configuration of Figure 11; the security thread is otherwise framed by hole 128. With the exception of this difference, the views of Figures 12 (a) to (c) correspond to those of Figures 11 (a) to (c).

In contrast to what happens in Figure 11, in the embodiment of Figure 12, the surface of the security thread 122 can only be seen in the areas of the windows 124. Such a configuration is possible, in particular, if the laser radiation can damage the sheet material of the security thread 122 or may influence it undesirably. Since the security thread generally oscillates, in this configuration the hole 128 typically cannot be perfectly centered with respect to the security thread 122, as indicated by the variations of the registration marks shown in Figures 12 (a) and ( C).

Figure 13 shows a configuration in which a sharp edge hole 132 in the area of a thin part 134 of the security paper 130 has been made with a laser. The thin part 134 can be made, for example, by a shaper layer short aspirated (a layer of paper generated by applying the paste by injection by nozzles in a round shape) or by electrotyping. Since the thickness of the paper is reduced in the area of the thin part 134, it can be worked with less laser power during laser cutting. In this way, higher cutting speeds are achieved, so that more complex shapes can be made. This variant can be combined with all configurations in which a sharp edge hole is written on a paper substrate with a laser.

Other embodiments of the invention will be explained below with reference to Figures 14 and 15. In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 14, a thin part 142 of a predetermined shape on the substrate is first generated with the aid of a laser of paper 140. During this process, the paper material evaporates, burns or is otherwise removed. Exactly such an amount of material is removed that remains just a small remaining thickness 144 of the substrate, as shown in Figure 14 (a). Depending on the tolerance in terms of the thickness of the substrate, in some places even an amount such that no material remains can be removed. Since the thin part is generated by laser cutting, the lateral surface 146 is sharply delimited and smooth.

The piece of paper 144 that remains after the laser treatment is removed by blowing or aspiration. Since it is a very thin layer of paper, the piece of paper 144 breaks at the edges and thus generates an irregular partial area 148 on the lateral surface of the hole 145 which is now a through hole, as shown in the representation in sectional view of Figure 14 (b) and in the plan view from above of Figure 14 (c).

By following the lateral surface of the hole 145 along a direction extending through the thickness of the paper, starting at the surface 141 of the paper substrate, the sharply defined partial area 146 and the partial area having the characteristic irregular shape They are arranged one after another. When observing the security paper, the through hole 145 offers different aspects seen from opposite sides of the security paper, depending on whether it is the sharply delimited marginal area 146 or the irregular marginal area 148 that delimits with the paper surface.

As an example combination of laser-generated holes with thin parts in the paper substrate (Figure 13), the embodiment example of Figure 15 first shows a thin part 151 made by paper techniques in the security paper 150 , like a watermark. In the area of this thin part 151, then, as described in relation to Figure 14, with the laser a second, thinly delimited second thin part 152 is made, leaving only a small remaining thickness 154 of the paper substrate, as shown in Figure 15 (a).

This remaining piece of paper 154 is torn off by blowing or aspiration, so that on the lower side of the paper substrate 150 an irregular lateral surface 158 is generated, as shown in Figure 15 (b). The marginal zone 156 generated by the laser cutting is nevertheless sharply delimited. The through hole 160 that is formed is incorporated into a watermark area 151, which is clearly highlighted when viewed in light, see Figure 15 (c). It is understood that the shape of the hole 160 and the area of the watermark 151 may also be related in terms of meaning.

In summary, the lateral surface of the hole 160 has along a direction that extends through the thickness of the paper successively a sharply defined partial zone 156 and a partial area 158 with a characteristic irregular shape. Also here, the through hole 160 offers a different appearance when viewed from opposite sides of the security paper, depending on whether the sharply delimited marginal zone 156 or the irregular marginal zone 158 delimits with the paper surface.

In the described configurations, the sharply delimited hole can also be generated by a stamping tool instead of a laser. Nor is it necessary that the lateral surfaces of the laser cut holes extend in parallel and in the perpendicular direction with respect to the paper surface, as shown in the Figures to simplify the representation. On the contrary, it can be advantageous to place the laser source and / or the paper in an oblique direction during cutting, so that "flat" edges are generated.

Figure 16 shows in (a) and (b) two embodiments in this regard, in which holes 172 and 174 have been cut by laser, of sharp edge on paper substrates 170. The inclination of the lateral surfaces 178 of The holes can be adjusted as desired by choosing a suitable beam divergence and beam inclination. The holes 172 and 174 are respectively coated with a sheet 176. As can be seen directly, the flattened edges lead to a smoother transition between the sheet 176 and the paper substrate

170. Thanks to the shapes of the edges of this type, the susceptibility of the holes to get dirty is clearly reduced.

The configuration of Figure 16 (b), in which the lateral surfaces have different inclinations, has proved especially advantageous, in addition, in the case of a laminate (not shown) on both sides of the holes with sheets. Thanks to such an edge configuration, problems with the possible inclusion of air between the opposite sheets can be minimized.

The holes in Figure 16 also have an additional optical effect as another advantage, since they appear to have different sizes according to the direction of observation.

Claims (40)

1.-Security paper for the manufacture of security or value documents, such as banknotes, identity cards and the like with at least two through holes (12, 16), characterized in that a first through hole (12) is made during papermaking and it presents in the marginal zone (14) characteristic irregularities, and a second hole (16) of the through holes is made after the paper is manufactured by cutting or stamping with a sharply defined marginal zone (18), the contour shapes of the first and second through hole (12, 16) being related in terms of their meaning. 2. Security paper according to claim 1, characterized in that the contour shapes of the first and the second through hole (12, 16) represent information related to each other or that complement each other. 3. Security paper according to claim 2, characterized in that the information represents a motif in the form of an image, characters or an encoding. 4. Security paper according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second hole (16) is performed by laser cutting. 5. Security paper according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the security paper (130) has a predetermined paper thickness and a thin part (134) with a reduced paper thickness, the second through hole (132) being made in the area of the thin part (134). 6. Security paper according to claim 5, characterized in that the thin part comprises a watermark (151). 7. Security paper according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second hole is made with lateral surfaces (178) inclined with respect to the normal surface. 8. Security paper according to claim 7, characterized in that the second hole has lateral surfaces (178) that have different inclinations with respect to the normal surface. 9. Security paper according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two holes (12, 16) are closed on one side of the security paper with a sheet element. 10. Security paper according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two holes (12, 16) are closed on both sides of the security paper with a sheet element. 11.-Security paper for the manufacture of security or value documents, such as banknotes, identity cards and the like with at least one through hole (56), characterized in that the lateral surface of the through hole (56) has first Partially defined zones (59) clearly defined and second partial zones (58) with characteristic irregularities. 12. Security paper according to claim 11, characterized in that the first and second partial zones (59, 58) alternate along the contour line of the hole (56). 13. Security paper according to claim 12, characterized in that the first and second partial zones (59, 58) alternate along the contour line of the hole (56) according to an irregular sequence. 14. Security paper according to at least one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the first and second partial zones (59, 58) extend respectively along the entire thickness of the paper. 15. Security paper according to at least one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the first and second partial areas (146, 148) are arranged one after the other in a direction along the thickness of the security paper being completed to form the through hole (145). 16. Security paper according to at least one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the security paper has a predetermined paper thickness and a thin part (151) with a reduced paper thickness, the through hole (160) having been made. ) in the area of the thin part (151). 17. Security paper according to claim 16, characterized in that the thin part comprises a watermark (151). 18. Security paper according to at least one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the first partial zones (59) have been made by laser cutting. 19. Security paper according to at least one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the first partial areas (59) are made with inclined lateral surfaces with respect to the normal surface. 20. Security paper according to claim 19, characterized in that the first partial areas (59) have lateral surfaces with different inclinations with respect to the normal surface. 21. Security paper according to at least one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the through hole (56) is closed on one side or both sides of the security paper with a foil element. 22.-Procedure for manufacturing a security paper with at least two through holes (12, 16), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein

-

a first through hole (12) with characteristic irregularities in the marginal area (14) is made during papermaking and

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After the paper is manufactured, a second through hole (16) with a sharply defined partial area (18) is cut or stamped,

-

the first and second through hole (12, 16) being made such that their contour shapes are related in terms of meaning.

23. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that in the security paper (130) a thin part (134) with a reduced paper thickness is formed and because the second through hole (132) is made in the area of the part thin (134). 24. Method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the second hole (16) is carried out by laser cutting. 25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the divergence of the beam and the inclination of the beam with respect to the paper surface are adjusted such that the second hole is made with lateral surfaces

(178)

inclined with respect to the normal surface.

26. Method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the divergence of the beam and the inclination of the beam with respect to the paper surface are adjusted such that the second hole is made with lateral surfaces

(178)

with different inclinations from the normal surface.

27. Method according to at least one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the two holes (12, 16) are closed on one side or both sides of the security paper with a sheet element. 28. Method for the manufacture of a security paper with at least one through hole, in particular according to one of claims 11 to 21, wherein the through hole (56) is made with a lateral surface having first partial areas (59) clearly defined and second partial areas (58) with characteristic irregularities. 29. Method according to claim 28, characterized in that

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a through hole with characteristic irregularities in the marginal zone (59) is made during papermaking and

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The marginal area of the hole made is modified after the paper is manufactured by cutting or stamping it being clearly defined at least in partial areas (58).

30. Method according to claim 29, characterized in that the modification is carried out by laser cutting. 31. Method according to claim 28, characterized in that

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in the security paper a piece of paper with the desired shape of the hole with sharp cut lines (84) clearly defined, interrupted, and

-

the piece of paper is torn from the security paper, in particular by blowing or pulling it.

32. Method according to claim 31, characterized in that the piece of paper is defined by laser cutting. 33. Method according to claim 28, characterized in that

-

on the security paper a thin part (152) sharply delimited with the shape of the desired hole is made and

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The piece of paper formed in the area of the thin part (152) by the remaining thickness of the paper is torn from the security paper, in particular by blowing or pulling it.

34. Method according to claim 33, characterized in that the sharply delimited thin part (152) is performed by laser cutting. 35. Method according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the thin part (152) clearly defined is made in the area of a thin part (151) made with paper techniques, such as a watermark. 36. Method according to claim 30, 32 or 34, characterized in that the divergence of the beam and the inclination of the beam with respect to the paper surface are adjusted such that the modification, the cutting line or the thin part is carried out with inclined lateral surfaces with respect to the normal surface. 37. Method according to claim 30, 32 or 34, characterized in that the divergence of the beam and the inclination of the beam with respect to the paper surface are adjusted such that the modification, the cutting line or the thin part is carried out with lateral surfaces with different inclinations with respect to the normal surface. 38. Method according to at least one of claims 28 to 37, characterized in that the through hole (56) is closed on one or both sides of the security paper with a sheet element. 39. Use of a security paper according to at least one of claims 1 to 21 or of a security paper that can be manufactured according to one of claims 22 to 38 for the protection against counterfeit products of any kind. 40. Value document, such as banknote, identity card and the like with a security paper according to at least one of claims 1 to 21 or with a security paper that can be manufactured according to one of claims 22 to 38.