ES2353558T3 - GRANULATES OF WASHING OR CLEANING AGENTS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for the manufacture of washing or cleansing agents is described in which a refined shell material is granulated onto core material whereby the raw materials used in the granulation stage are at least partially passed through a mill drying unit. The diameter of the product, the core material, and the shell material coming from the mill drying stage preferably stand in a specific relationship to each other. The resulting end products of the manufacturing process are aesthetically pleasing and very stable in storage.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for carrying out the obtaining of washing or cleaning agents, according to which a finer wrapping material is granulated on a core material in particles, conducting the raw materials, which they access the granulation stage, at least in part through a drying and milling facility.

Granulation processes constitute the state of the art in the most diverse industrial branches and there are a large number of standard monographs as well as patent literature related to this subject. In relation to the present invention it is important that an important contribution to the product design can be provided through the granulation process.

Through the enormous plurality of the articles, which are offered for the necessities of daily life, the consumer frequently faces the problem of choosing between a plurality of products, which can hardly be covered, precisely that product that corresponds to the best possible way to your needs. In this case the product design can facilitate the consumer's purchase decision.

The purchase decision is generally guided by completely different criteria but, above all, by the price of the item offered as well as its quality. However, as an additional criterion for the purchase decision, the design of the product is increasingly important. The consumer wishes, as a rule, to use a product that corresponds to their aesthetic sensibility. For this reason many products are equipped with optically attractive packaging. In the same way, the product itself has a great interest in this case, for example in relation to its color and shape. The aesthetic sensibility of the consumer can be easily attracted through the form of the product, which is also valid for washing and / or cleaning agents in powder form. A very attractive product from the optical point of view in this sector is, for example, a washing agent powder, which consists exclusively of almost spherical particles. A washing agent powder of this type, consisting of practically equal and almost spherical particles, denotes a high degree of care in obtaining and high competence in the preparation of washing powder, as a result of its high symmetry and appearance. homogeneous in the eyes of the consumer, while a powder, which consists of particles formed in a very irregular way, does not cause the consumer any type of corresponding positive association.

Based on this basis, the task posed by the present invention was to provide aesthetically attractive granules.

This task is solved by means of the object of the invention, which is constituted by a method to carry out the obtaining of washing or cleaning agents, according to which granules are granulated on a core material, in the form of particles, a material with a finer envelope, conducting the raw materials, which must be used in the granulation stage, at least in part through a drying and grinding installation, the product presenting a diameter d50, which is at least 5% and a A maximum of 66% greater than the diameter d50 of the core material and is at least five times the average diameter (d50) of the wrapping material that comes from a drying and grinding stage.

The drying and grinding stage should advantageously serve to decrease the average grain diameter and to carry out the partial drying of the corresponding wrapping material. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the core material is not subjected to any type of drying and grinding stage.

The wrapping material can be obtained from suitable raw materials and / or from recycling material of the granulation process. Preferably, a mixture of both components is used. The corresponding recycle material comes from a sieve separation after granulation and optional drying and consists of the grain that passes through the sieve and / or the grain that is retained in the sieve. Both grains can be subjected to the drying and grinding stage and can be used as wrapping material.

Solid raw materials suitable for both the core material as well as the wrapping material are, for example

(to)

the structuring materials (mixtures), such as, preferably, the

- 3 zeolites (mixtures), polycarboxylates (mixtures), acrylic acid / maleic acid copolymers, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and, respectively, their sodium salts,

(b)

carbonates, such as, preferably, sodium carbonate,

(C)

hydrogen carbonates, especially alkaline and / or alkaline earth hydrogen carbonates,

(d)

sulfates, especially alkali sulfates and / or alkaline earth sulfates,

(and)

adjuvants, such as silicates and phosphates, such as for example Na silicate, sodium carbonate silicates, disilicates, tripolyphosphate, stratified silicates,

(F)

mixtures of anionic surfactants (comprising, for example, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, α-olefin sulphonates and / or ester sulfonates such as, especially, methyl esters sulphonates, and / or mixtures thereof), soaps,

(g)

bleach activators such as, in particular, N, N, N ', N'tetraacetylethylenediamine,

(h)

citrates, preferably alkaline citrates and / or alkaline earth citrates, especially Na, K and / or Mg citrate, and / or citric acid,

(i)

tower powders and, respectively, products from spray drying, for example mixtures containing thermally stable components of washing agents or cleaning agents,

(j)

polymers, such as, for example, especially cellulose ethers (derivatives) or, preferably, hydrophilic, linear polyethylene terephthalate-polyoxyethylene terephthalate block copolymers (PET-POET polymers),

(k)

defoaming powders, preferably comprising products such as fats and / or natural oils, petroleum derivatives and silicone oils,

(l)

agents for softening rinse, bentonites, mixtures of

esterquat,

(m)

discoloration inhibitors (PVP, and others).

Typical and preferred (liquid) components, which are involved in the auxiliary agents for granulation or which may be contained therein, are or may contain, for example non-ionic surfactants (ethoxylates, APG), anionic surfactant acids / pastes, compounds / cationic surfactants, phosphonates, phosphonic acids, Sokalan solution (sodium salt of the copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid (30:70)), fatty acids, sodium hydroxide bleach, soluble glass, silicones, oils for conditioning skin.

Typical and preferred (liquid) components for an optional coating layer of the granules may contain, for example, zeolite powder, wrapping material, dusting agents, non-ionic surfactants, water, PEG, glycerin, buffer system for regulation pH such as citric acid / citrate, dye solution, mica, iridescent and / or bright substances.

The granules, optionally coated, can finally be made with zeolite powder and / or with wrapping material.

As independent mixing components for the granules, optionally coated, bleaching agents, such as percarbonate, bleaching agent boosters, enzymes, can be advantageously provided.

The core material can be obtained, for example, by separation by sieving from the raw materials and, respectively, from the materials to be used. In the same way it is possible and preferred to separate the particles of suitable size by sieving from the granules obtained, whose particles must be used again as core material. Therefore, the core material is preferably constituted by one or more raw materials separated by sieving, recycled granules, separated by sieving, which proceeds from the process, with a size suitable for use as core material or is constituted by a mixture of both.

In order that the granulation process can be carried out advantageously in the expected period of time, in relation to the quality of the grain and the distribution of the particle size, a core material must be presented. As our tests have shown, it should preferably be present at least 3 to 5% by weight of core material, relative to the granulate. It is advantageous from 10 to 35% by weight, especially from 15 to 25% by weight of core material, based on the granulate. No more than 35% by weight core material is required even if the process also allows proportions greater than 35% by weight, even greater than 50% by weight.

The product of the process has a diameter d50, which is a minimum of 5% and a maximum 66% greater than the diameter d50 of the core material and, at least, is five times greater than the average diameter (d50) of the material of wrap that comes from a drying and grinding stage. With the process, in accordance with the invention, the average diameters of the products can be adjusted in a controlled manner.

By means of the special shape and special conduction of the granulation, which represents a growing granulation, very round particles can be obtained. Preferably, in this case the raw materials, which represent a part of the wrapping material, are ground to a fine state. This is preferably carried out together with the recycled grains that pass through the sieve and that are retained in the nuance of the process (recycle material) in a drying and grinding stage. The selected grain can then be ennobled by means of the superficial application of other solid and / or liquid products (coating material).

A preferred embodiment is presented when the grains separated by sieving, passing through the sieve as well as being retained in the sieve, are subjected to a drying and grinding process after the granulation / drying stage and are recycled to the procedure, as part of the wrapping material.

In the same way, a preferred embodiment is presented when the selected grain and / or the grain that passes through the sieve is separated by sieving from the product stream and is then fed into the process as a material of nucleus.

In the granulation step, the growing granulation is carried out, the thin wrapping material is preferably adhered by means of the addition of one or more auxiliary agents for the granulation, onto a core material, preferably separated by sieving, so preferred under rolling movements. Growth granulation preferably takes place with Froude indexes between 1.5 and 25, advantageously between 2 and 15, in another more advantageous form between 2 and 10, in an even more advantageous form between 2.5 and 8, especially between 2.5 and 4 as desired. Especially, with these Froude indexes, round granules are obtained, especially beautiful ones. The Froude index is given by the equation (w2 · r) / g (w = angular velocity, r = tool length from the central axis, g = terrestrial acceleration).

This type of granulation can be easily controlled by means of the working parameters in such a way that the product has a diameter d50, that is at most 66% larger than the diameter d50 of the core material and that at least five times greater than the average diameter (d50) of the wrapping material that comes from the drying and grinding stage.

As auxiliary agents for granulation, one or more liquids for granulation are preferably used, such as, for example, surfactant acids and / or neutralized adjuvant acids, one or more complexing liquids (for example containing phosphonates such such as HEDP, etc.), one or several solutions of natural and / or synthetic polymers, one or several solutions of soluble glass, pastes of anionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants, saline solutions.

In the same way, foams can be used preferably as auxiliary agents for granulation.

A preferred embodiment of the invention represents a process, in accordance with the invention, in which several chemically differentiable auxiliary agents for granulation are provided simultaneously or, in a preferred manner, preferably in the form of solutions , of suspensions, dispersions, foams and / or (nano) emulsions.

The grinding process to carry out the preparation of the wrapping material is carried out, advantageously, in a drying and grinding stage. In this way, drying in the fluidized bed of the granulate is simplified and, respectively, this stage can be completely suppressed in some cases. The wrapping material and the recycle material is preferably transported with air to the mill. In this mill, grinding and drying are carried out simultaneously. In particular, the degree of drying of the wrapping material can be adjusted specifically by means of a possible heating of the transport air preferably between 30 and 120 ° C, especially between 35 and 70 ° C. The transport air may also have a minimum temperature of 40 ° C, 42 ° C, 44 ° C, 46 ° C, 48 ° C, 50 ° C, 52 ° C, 54 ° C, 56 ° C, 58 ° C or 60 ° C. In the same way it is possible that the transport air has a maximum temperature of 68ºC, 66ºC, 64ºC or 62ºC. Therefore, the transport air can also take values between 42 ° C and 64 ° C or values corresponding to another possible combination of the temperatures mentioned above. In the same way, it is possible that transport air is used, which has not been heated.

The drying and grinding stage is especially effective for the recycled material (recycle material consisting of the grain of the granulation that passes through the sieve and that is retained in the sieve), which can occur before the drying stage and grind a residual moisture preferably comprised between about 8 and 11% by weight and, subsequently, preferably from about 4 to 8% by weight,% by weight based on the material.

In the granulation the advantage of the particles subjected to fine drying can be optimally utilized, especially by means of the use of an auxiliary agent for high viscosity granulation since said auxiliary agent remains on the (large) surface and is hardly absorbed . Therefore, the process is preferentially limited to the auxiliary agents for granulation with maximum viscosities of approximately 500 mPas, together with the possibility of surface dusting of the auxiliary liquid or liquids for granulation, being especially advantageous when it is carried out using

(to)

high viscosity granulation foams (preferably>

1,000 mPas),

(b)

liquids, suspensions, pastes, high viscosity dispersions that are preferably supplied / pumped in the form of a jet,

(C)

auxiliary products for high viscosity granulation, which are pumped into the section of a mill / shredder. Working with several auxiliary agents for granulation represent a

preferred embodiment, which can be provided at different points (continuous procedure) or at different time intervals (batch process). Preferably, in this case 2, 3, 4 or more auxiliary agents for granulation can be used, for example in the form of an auxiliary agent for granulation 1: neutralized acids, for example in the form of foam, auxiliary agent for granulation 2: soluble glass in the form of a liquid of high viscosity (preferably viscosity> 1,000 mPas), auxiliary agent for granulation 3: polymer solution, similarly in the form of a liquid of high viscosity (preferably viscosity> 1,000 mPas), auxiliary agent for granulation 4: (nano-) emulsion, preferably in the form of a low viscosity liquid (advantageously <250 mPas, preferably <75 mPas, especially <10 mPas). The viscosities are measured in each case with the Brookfield viscometer at 25 ° C.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is presented when it is eliminated in the drying and grinding stage from 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferably up to 5% by weight, advantageously up to 4% by weight. weight, more advantageously up to 3% by weight of water. In the same way it is possible to remove larger amounts of water, for example up to 10% by weight or up to 15% by weight.

The average grain size of the granulate that can be applied by means of the process, according to the invention, can be adjusted within wide limits, since it can be essentially determined by means of the grain size of the core material. Fine products, free of volatile powders, preferably have a d50 between 0.25 and 0.30 mm. Advantageously, in this case nuclear materials should initially be arranged in amounts preferably, between approximately 10 and 25% in a size d50 preferably between 0.2 and 0.28 mm.

For relatively thick products with a d50 of preferably 1.5 mm, preferably, nuclear materials with a d50 of approximately 1.0 to 1.4 mm can be used. The exact value then depends especially on the amount of the wrapping material and the conduction of the granulation. The correct separation by sieving of the core material must be fixed beforehand by means of a routine test in the industrial laboratory.

The d50 value represents the average value. The average value is defined as that particle size below and above which 50% of the amount of the particles is respectively. Therefore in the case of a d90, 90% of the amount of the particles is below the value, that is to say by 10% above. The d50 / d90 ratio approaches the value of 1 when the grain size distributions are very narrow, or it is clearly below 0.5 when the distributions are wide.

Advantageously, the process, according to the invention, provides practically sphere-shaped granules and, preferably, also very stable to friction wear, with a very unitary particle size, which can be adjusted very exact by means of the choice of the size of the starting grain (particle-shaped core material). In this way, high value granules can be generated with specific fixation of the size of the granulate.

The granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, are stable to storage. Advantageously, the process, according to the invention, is energy efficient compared to the usual tower procedures (spray drying). The process, in accordance with the invention, allows, on the other hand, a large multiplicity of products by means of the core-wrapping concept and offers the possibilities of the so-called "controlled release" controlled release, for example integrating those components that they must be released first and the incorporation into the core of the products that must be released later. Additionally, a granulate can also be provided with a coating (Coating), which can be obtained in this way.

To carry out the granulation itself, a usual mixer / granulator can be used. By means of the mixer / granulator concept, drum mixers and plate mixers and / or fluid bed granulators are preferred, as well as the mixers of a tree and two trees with swivel shafts quickly. until slow as well as zig-zag mixers, especially machines that work discontinuously with a low specific energy input. The particles in the mixer are preferably moved by free fall or by the introduction of a thrust, projection or centrifugal force. Preferably, those mixers are used in which the particles are subjected to rolling movements. The contribution of a part of the liquid for granulation can be carried out in front of the granulator in a fast mixer (CB, Schugi). In the same way, it is possible to conclude the granulation in the fluidized bed by means of the contribution of a residual quantity of the liquid. Mixers / granulators are described in the patent literature and in the technical literature known in the field, especially directed to the mechanical engineering of operations and processes. In the broadest sense of the word, it is meant by the concept of mixers / granulators those machines and devices that are suitable for carrying out the mixing / granulation.

In a preferred embodiment, the granules, which can be obtained and then coated according to the process, in accordance with the invention, are essentially free of volatile dust.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention have an average form factor of at least 0.78, preferably 0.81, advantageously of 0.83, more advantageously 0.85, more advantageous 0.87, especially 0.9. Details regarding the form factor and the possibilities for carrying out its determination are described below.

Similarly, it will be a preferred embodiment of the invention when the granulate, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, is presented with a grain size distribution as uniform as possible, in which the ratio between d50 and d90 takes at least a value of 0.5, preferably at least 0.6, advantageously at least 0.75, especially at least 0.8.

In the same way, a preferred embodiment of the invention is presented when the bulk weight of the granulate that can be obtained in accordance with the invention is in the range between 200 and

1,500 g / l. The lower limit of the bulk weight can also be found in a value preferably of 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 and even 750 g / l . In the same way, it is possible that the lower limit is at a higher value, for example at 800 g / l. With the procedure they can also be obtained without granular problems with bulk weights with usual recipes in the range between 520 and 620 g / l.

The upper limit for the bulk weight can preferably be found at a value of 1,450, 1,400, 1,350, 1,300, 1,250, 1,200, 1,150, 1,100, 1,050, 1,000, 950, 900, 850, 800 or 750 g / l.

In the same way it is possible that the upper limit is still at a lower value, for example preferably at a value of 700, 650, 600, 550 or 500 g / l.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, have a surfactant content of at least 1% by weight, based on the granulate as a whole. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant content is between 1 and 99% by weight, preferably between 1 and 95% by weight, advantageously between 5 and 50 % by weight, in an even more advantageous manner between 10 and 40% by weight, especially between 15 and 30% by weight, based on the granulate as a whole. In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the lower limit of the surfactant content may, however, also be found in a value, for example, preferably, of 2% by weight, 3% by weight, of a 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, 10% by weight, 11% % by weight, 12% by weight, 13% by weight, 14% by weight, 15% by weight, 16% by weight, 17% by weight, 18% by weight, 19% by weight, 20% by weight, 21% by weight, 22% by weight, 23% by weight, 24% by weight, 25% by weight weight, 26% by weight, 27% by weight, 28% by weight, 29% by weight or 30% by weight, respectively referring to the whole of the granulate. In particular, the lower limit can be found even at even higher values, for example at a value of preferably 35% by weight, 40% by weight, 45% by weight, 50% by weight, 55% by weight or 60% by weight, respectively referred to the granulate as a whole.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the upper limit can also be found in a value, for example, preferably 70% by weight, 71% by weight, 72% by weight, 73 % by weight, 74% by weight, 75% by weight, 76% by weight, 77% by weight, 78.% by weight, 79% by weight, 80 % by weight, 81% by weight, 82% by weight, 83% by weight, 84% by weight, 85% by weight, 86% by weight, 87% by weight, 88% by weight, 89% by weight, 90% by weight, 91% by weight, 92% by weight, 93% by weight, 94% by weight weight or 95% by weight, respectively referred to the whole granulate. In particular, the lower limit can be found even at lower values, for example at a value of, for example, preferably 65% by weight, 60% by weight, 55% by weight, of 50% by weight, 45% by weight, 40% by weight, 35% by weight, 30% by weight or 25% by weight or even only at values such as 20% by weight , of 15% by weight or 10% by weight, respectively referred to the whole of the granulate.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, have a content in structuring products of at least 1% by weight, based on the granulate as a whole. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the content in structuring products of the granulate is comprised between 1 and 99% by weight, preferably between 1 and 95% by weight, advantageously between 5 and 90% by weight, in an even more advantageous way between 10 and 70% by weight, in an even more advantageous way between 20 and 60% by weight, referred to the whole of the granulate, in a special way it is comprised between 25 and 50% by weight. In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the lower limit of the content in structuring products is also at a value, for example, preferably 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, of a 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, 10% by weight, 11% % by weight, 12% by weight, 13% by weight, 14% by weight, 15% by weight, 16% by weight, 17% by weight, 18% by weight, 19% by weight, 20% by weight, 21% by weight, 22% by weight, 23% by weight, 24% by weight, 25% by weight weight, 26% by weight, 27% by weight, 28% by weight, 29% by weight or 30% by weight, respectively referring to the whole of the granulate. The lower limit can be found especially even at even higher values, for example at a value, for example: preferably 35% by weight, 40% by weight, 45% by weight, 50% by weight , of 55% by weight or 60% by weight, respectively referred to the whole of the granulate.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the upper limit may also be at a value, for example, preferably 70% by weight, 71% by weight, 72% by weight, 73% by weight , 74% by weight, 75% by weight, 76% by weight, 77% by weight, 78% by weight, 79% by weight, 80% by weight, 81% by weight, 82% by weight, 83% by weight, 84% by weight, 85% by weight, 86% by weight, 87% by weight, of 88% by weight, 89% by weight, 90% by weight, 91% by weight, 92% by weight, 93% by weight, 94% by weight or a 95% by weight, respectively referred to the whole granulate. The lower limit can be found especially even at even lower values, for example at a value preferably of 65% by weight, 60% by weight, 55% by weight, 50% by weight, of 45% by weight, 40% by weight, 35% by weight, 30% by weight or 25% by weight or even only at a value of 20% by weight; 15% by weight or 10% by weight, respectively referred to the granulate as a whole.

- 14 In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, each individual granulate, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, contains a complete recipe for washing agent or cleaning agent, advantageously with the exception of enzymes , of the foam inhibitor granules and bleaching agents, especially percarbonate. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, each individual granulate, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, is constituted by at least 2, preferably at least 3, advantageously at least 4, of an even more advantageous way for at least 5, more advantageously for at least 6, in an even more advantageous way for at least 7 and, especially, for at least 8 or more chemically differentiable products. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, have a sodium citrate content of at least 0.5% by weight, based on the whole granulate. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, have a polycarboxylate content (polymer and / or copolymer) of at least 1% by weight, based on the whole of the granulated. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, have a free water content comprised between 0 and 15% by weight, based on the granulate as a whole. The upper limit of the water can be found, for example, also in 14% by weight, 13% by weight, 12% by weight, 11% by weight, 10% by weight, in a 9% by weight, 8% by weight, 7% by weight, 6% by weight, 5% by weight, 4% by weight, 3% by weight, 2% % by weight or 1% by weight, based on the granulate as a whole. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, have a perfuming product content of at least 0.05% by weight based on the granulate as a whole. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of

the invention, the content in perfuming product of the granulate is comprised between 0.1 and 30% by weight, preferably between 1 and 25% by weight, more advantageously between 5 and 22% by weight , especially between 10 and 20% by weight.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granulate, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, is free of enzymes, which means within the meaning of the invention that the granulate contains less than 30% in weight, preferably less than 25% by weight, advantageously less than 20% by weight, more advantageously less than 15% by weight, even more advantageously less than 10% by weight, of an also more advantageous way less than 5% by weight of enzymes, referred to the granulate as a whole. In particular, the granulate is, however, totally free of enzyme, that is, it contains 0% by weight of enzyme referred to the whole granulate.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granulate is free of bleaching agents.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the product of the process, according to the invention has a diameter d50, which, advantageously, is a maximum of 64%, 62%, 60%, 58 %, 56%, 54%, 52%, 50%, 48%, 46%, 44%, 42%, 40%, 38%, 36%, 34%, 32%, 30%, 28%, 26%, 24%, 22%, 20%, 18%, 16%, 14%, 12% or 10% higher than diameter d50 of the core material.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the product of the process, in accordance with the invention, should have a diameter d50, which is advantageously at least 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28% or 30% larger than the diameter d50 of the core material.

Therefore, the product may have, for example, a diameter d50, which is for example from 6 to 64%, or for example from 10 to 58%,

or for example from 20 to 44% greater than the diameter d50 of the core material. In this case the limits can be combined accordingly

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the product of the process, according to the invention, has a diameter d50, which is advantageously at least 16 times, 17 times, 18 times, 19 times, 20 times, 21 times, 22 times, 23 times, 24 times, 25 times, 26 times, 27 times, 28 times, 29 times

or 30 times larger than the average diameter (d50) of the wrapping material.

On the other hand, it corresponds to a very preferred embodiment of this invention that the wrapping material, which is granulated on the core material, is at least partly resulting, especially in its entirety, from a drying process and grinding.

A drying and grinding process according to the invention is advantageously carried out in a tubular mill, in an impact mill, in a pin mill, in a vibrating mill, in a hammer mill, in a air jet mill or in a roller mill, but preferably in an air whirlmill, especially in a mill that works with carrier gas with rotating crushing plates. The person skilled in the art knows the mills of this type by the state of the art.

A preferred embodiment will also be presented, when used in the process of drying and grinding air or other carrier gas with a temperature between 15 and 220 ° C, preferably between 25 and 120 ° C, especially between 35 and 70 ° C. The minimum temperature of the carrier gas (for example air) can for example be advantageously also at 21 ° C, 22 ° C, 23 ° C, 24 ° C, 25 ° C, 26 ° C, 27 ° C, 28 ° C, 29 ° C, 30 ° C, 31ºC, 32ºC, 33ºC, 34ºC, 36ºC, 37ºC, 38ºC, 39ºC, 40ºC, 41ºC, 42ºC, 43ºC, 44ºC, 45ºC, 46ºC, 47ºC, 48ºC, at 49 ° C or 50 ° C. Of course, temperatures above room temperature are preferred, that is advantageously greater than 22 ° C. Temperatures from 35 ° C are especially preferred. The maximum temperature of the carrier gas (for example air) can advantageously be found, for example, also at 210 ° C, 200 ° C, 190 ° C, 180 ° C, 170 ° C, 160 ° C, 150 ° C, 140 ° C, 130 ° C; at 110 ° C, 100 ° C, 90 ° C, 80 ° C, 70 ° C or 60 ° C.

Advantageously, the core material, which is involved in the process, according to the invention, is in a grain size distribution as uniform as possible, in which the ratio between d50 and d90 preferably takes at least the value of 0.50. The ratio between d50 and d90 can take advantageously, for example, also of at least 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, or 0.80.

In another preferred embodiment, it is eliminated in the optional drying stage, which is connected downstream of the granulation, between 0.1 and 6% by weight, preferably up to 5% by weight at most, of advantageously up to 4% by weight maximum, more advantageously up to 3% by weight maximum, even more advantageously up to 2% by weight, especially up to 1% by weight maximum water, the indications in% by weight referring to the granulate after drying.

In the same way, it is also possible to completely eliminate the drying stage, which is connected downstream. According to a preferred embodiment, a tower procedure does not constitute an integral part of the procedure.

A preferred embodiment is presented when the granulation step is constituted by at least one mixer and a fluidized bed.

In the same way, a preferred embodiment is presented when the granulation stage consists of a fast mixer and a slow mixer and a fluidized bed.

In the sense of the invention it is preferred, above all, that the grain that passes through the sieve as well as the grain that is retained in the sieve, resulting from the process, be subjected to a drying and milling process after the granulation stage and after the drying stage, optional, and are recycled until the process as wrapping material. This leads to products resistant to friction wear, especially valuable and corresponds to a preferred embodiment.

They are called grain that passes through the sieve and, respectively, grain that is retained in the sieve, those granules that are smaller and, respectively, that are larger than the so-called selected grain. The selected grain, on the other hand, has the desired granulate size. When they are then subjected to a drying and grinding process both grains separated by sieving that pass through the sieve as well as, those that are retained in the sieve after a granulation / drying stage and are recycled until As an integral part of the wrapping material, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be presented.

Another preferred embodiment corresponds to the separation by sieving of the selected grain and / or the grain that passes through the sieve from the product stream after the granulation stage and the optional drying stage and this grain is used again as core material. This also corresponds to a preferred embodiment. A preferred embodiment is presented when the selected grain and / or the grain passing through the sieve is separated by sieving from the product stream and then fed into the process as core material.

In the process, in accordance with the invention, various auxiliary agents for granulation can be employed, specifically for example liquids in the broadest sense of the word, preferably suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, as well as foams.

As the person skilled in the art knows, a foam is not a liquid, but is a structure made up of sphere-shaped or polyhedral-shaped cells filled with gas, which is limited by liquid, semi-liquid, high viscosity or liquid cell bridges. solid.

A granulation foam is obtained, for example, when a spreadable component is pressurized with a gaseous medium and, therefore, becomes foam. A granulation foam is, for example, a surfactant foam, which has been obtained by means of the foam transformation of a spreadable component, which contains surfactants, with a gaseous medium and which can be used as an auxiliary agent for granulation.

In this case, the granulation foam preferably has average pore sizes below 10 mm, preferably below 5 mm and, especially, below 2 mm. Through the use of a granulation foam instead of the traditional granulation liquids, even more homogeneous liquid distributions can be achieved during the granulation process. On the occasion of granulation, it is preferred to use at least one granulation foam and at least one granulation liquid.

The particles, which must be granulated, can be wetted in a better way when a granulation foam is used and, together, a smaller amount of granulation liquid is required to carry out the formation of the granules.

On the other hand, when granulation foam is used, an even more homogeneous distribution of the particle sizes of the granules obtained is achieved. Again, the possible parts of dust and fines are more effectively linked.

A preferred embodiment is presented when the generation of the foam (to carry out the obtaining of the granulation foam) is carried out under a pressure that is above the pressure in the granulation installation. Preferably, in this case the pressure during the generation of the foam is at least 0.1 bar, advantageously it is at least 0.5 bar and, in particular, it is at least 0.85 bar greater than the pressure prevailing in the granulation facility.

Preferably, the spreadable component, which is pressurized with a medium in the gaseous state for the foam transformation, has a viscosity between 5 and 1,500 mPas at 20 ° C, preferably between 10 and 1,000 mPas and, especially, between 50 and 800 mPas.

Advantageously, the liquid component, which must be transformed into foam, can contain one or more non-ionic surfactants and / or one or more polymers to favor the formation of the foam.

Advantageously, a spreadable component, which must be transformed into foam, may contain one or more natural or synthetic polymers, which are preferably water soluble; in particular, such or such water soluble polymers can be chosen from:

i)

polyacrylic acids and their salts,

ii)

polymethacrylic acids and their salts,

iii)

polyvinylpyrrolidone,

iv)

vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl ester copolymers,

- twenty

v)

cellulose, starch and guar ethers,

saw)

polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols and their copolymers,

vii)

graft copolymers consisting of polyethylene glycols and acetate

vinyl,

viii)

alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers and their salts,

ix)

alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers and their salts,

x)

alkyl acrylamide / methyl methacrylic acid copolymers and their salts,

xi)

alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / acid copolymers

alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic and its salts,

xii)

alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / acid copolymers

alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic and its salts,

xiii)

alkylacrylamide / methyl methacrylic acid / acid copolymers

alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic and its salts,

xiv)

alkylacrylamide / alkyl methacrylate / methacrylate copolymers of

alkyl alkylaminoethyl / methacrylate and its salts,

xv)

the copolymers constituted by

xv-i) unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts,

xv-ii) cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and their

you go out,

xvi)

Acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium / acid chloride copolymers

acrylic as well as its alkaline and ammonium salts,

xvii)

Acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium / acid chloride copolymers

methacrylic as well as its alkaline and ammonium salts,

xviii)

methacrylethyl betaine / methacrylate copolymers,

xix)

vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers,

xx)

terpolymers of acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / N-tert-butylacrylamide,

xxi)

graft polymers consisting of vinyl esters, acid esters

acrylic or methacrylic acid, alone or in admixture, copolymerized with acid

Crotonic, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with polyalkylene oxides and / or

with polyalkylene glycols,

xxii)

graft copolymers from the copolymerization of

xxii-i) at least one non-ionic monomer,

- 21 xxii-ii) at least one ionic monomer, xxiii) the copolymers obtained by means of the copolymerization of at least one monomer of each of the following three groups: xxiii-i) unsaturated alcohol esters and of carboxylic acids, saturated short chain and / or esters of saturated alcohols, short chain and unsaturated carboxylic acids, xxiii-ii) unsaturated carboxylic acids, xxiii-iii) esters of long chain carboxylic acids and unsaturated alcohols and / or esters consisting of carboxylic acids of group d6ii) with saturated or unsaturated alcohols, straight chain or branched chain with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, xxiv) biopolymers, especially xanthan, carrageenan, agar, etc. Advantageously, a spreadable component, which must be transformed into foam, can contain, in relation to its weight, from 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 20% by weight and , in particular, between 1 and 10% by weight of one or more polymers and / or from 0.01 to 1% by weight, especially one or more non-ionic surfactants. The amount of gas, which is used for the foam transformation, can preferably, preferably, from once to three hundred times, advantageously from five times to two hundred times and, especially, from ten times to one hundred times the volume of the amount of the spreadable component that must be transformed into foam. To carry out the foam transformation, air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide can be used as a gaseous medium. The spreadable component, which must be transformed into foam, can advantageously present temperatures between 15 and 120 ° C, preferably between 25 and 90 ° C and, especially, between 50 and 75 ° C, as a prior step to the foam transformation. Preferably, a liquid component can also be transformed into foam and the formed foam can then be combined with a foam generated from another liquid component.

- 22 Advantageously, the foam may have a temperature below 115 ° C, preferably between 20 and 80 ° C and, especially, between 30 and 70 ° C. Advantageously, the foam may have a density below 0.80 gcm-3, preferably between 0.10 and 0.60 gcm-3 and, especially, between 0.30 and 0, 55 gcm-3. Advantageously, the foam can have average pore sizes located below 10 mm, preferably below 5 mm and, especially, below 2 mm. In accordance with the invention, a neutralized foam may be very preferred, which can be obtained, for example, by combining an anionic surfactant, in its acidic form, with a neutralizing and transforming foam agent to give a foam neutralized, this foam advantageously presenting average pore sizes located below 10 mm, preferably below 5 mm and, especially, below 2 mm. The neutralizing agent can be solid or liquid. Preferably, a neutralized foam can be obtained by combining a foam-transformed anionic surfactant with a medium in the gaseous state, in its acid form, and a highly concentrated alkaline aqueous component, transformed into foam with a medium in gaseous state The neutralized foam can be obtained, advantageously, by means of the combination of an anionic surfactant, in its acidic form, which contains, where appropriate, other components, preferably acids, of the washing and cleaning agents and an agent of neutralization, advantageously comprising products from the group of carbonates and / or hydrogen carbonates, preferably from alkali carbonates and / or from alkaline hydrogen carbonates and, especially, from the group of sodium carbonate and / or sodium hydrogen carbonate . By way of aqueous alkaline components (neutralizing agents), alkali metal hydroxides solutions, preferably sodium hydroxide solutions with concentrations of at least 40% by weight of NaOH, can be used advantageously, preferably 50 Minimum% by weight of NaOH and, in particular, 65% by weight of NaOH as

minimum, respectively referred to the aqueous alkaline component, which must be transformed into foam. Advantageously, other components of the washing and cleaning agents in amounts between 0.1 and 80% by weight, preferably as a preliminary step to the foam transformation, can be provided to the aqueous alkaline components. between 10 and 75% by weight and, especially, between 25 and 70% by weight, respectively referred to the weight of the mixture to be transformed into foam. As a prior step to the foam transformation, surfactants may be provided to the aqueous alkaline components, preferably anionic and / or non-ionic surfactants, and, especially, ethoxylated alcohols and / or soaps.

As an acidic surfactants in the form of acid, one or more products of the group consisting of carboxylic acids, semi-esters of sulfuric acid and sulfonic acids may be used advantageously, preferably chosen from the group consisting of acids. fatty, fatty alkylsulfuric acids and alkylarylsulfonic acids. By way of anionic surfactants in acid form, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids with 8 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably with 9 to 13 carbon atoms, can preferably be used. Anionic surfactant can be supplied in acid form, as a precursor to the foam transformation, other ingredients, preferably acids, of the washing and cleaning agents in amounts between 0.1 and 40% by weight, preferably between 1 and 15% by weight and, in particular, between 2 and 10% by weight, respectively referred to the weight of the mixture that must be transformed into foam. Nonionic surfactants in amounts between 0.1 and 40% by weight may be provided to the anionic surfactant in acidic form, preferably between 1 and 15% by weight and preferably , in particular, between 2 and 10% by weight, respectively referred to the weight of the mixture that must be transformed into foam.

The neutralized foam may advantageously contain surfactants between 10 and 99% by weight, preferably between 20 and 98% by weight and, in particular, comprised

- 24 between 30 and 97% by weight, respectively referred to the weight of the foam. As liquids for granulation, water or aqueous solutions can be used. However, it is preferred to avoid the use of water as such or of water in solutions / dispersions / suspensions / emulsions, that is to say, it is preferred to use as little water as possible in the whole of the auxiliary agent for granulation. Advantageously, other auxiliary agents for granulation other than water may be employed, for example liquid non-ionic surfactants, polyethylene glycols or other organic solvents. Especially preferred are those granulation liquids containing, for example, salts, soluble glass, alkyl polyglycosides, carbohydrates, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, for example cellulose ethers, starches, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and / or biopolymers such as for example xanthan. In the same way organic solvents with swollen polymers are possible. Mergers of suitable products are also possible. A preferred embodiment is again presented when the auxiliary agent for granulation comprises a liquid consisting of surfactant acids and neutralized adjuvant acids, preferably with a water content below 10% by weight, advantageously located below 6% by weight, based on the granulate. In the same way, a preferred embodiment is presented when they are incorporated in the granulation stage, in accordance with the invention, in addition to one or more liquids for granulation, other liquids and / or hydrophilic and / or lipophilic salts, as auxiliary agents for granulation. Hydrophilic liquids are known to the person skilled in the art. These liquids are those that show a marked interaction with polar solvents, especially with water. Typical hydrophilic groups are, for example, the anionically charged functions of the carboxylate, sulfate and sulphonate type as well as the ammonium type, if any cationically substituted, or non-ionic polyether chains (ethoxylate chains). Lipophilic liquids have a marked interaction by attraction with fats (lipids). Lipids are, for example, water repellent hydrocarbons.

- In the same way, a process according to the invention represents a preferred embodiment, in which the auxiliary agent for granulation comprises a solution of polymer products, preferably with a water content located below of a 10, preferably located below 6% by weight, based on the granulate. A preferred embodiment is again presented when at least two different liquids are used as auxiliary agents for granulation, preferably in the form of a suspension, dispersion and / or emulsion, which differ preferably in terms of viscosity. and / or regarding the value of its pH. A very preferred liquid, to be used as an auxiliary agent for granulation, is a soluble glass solution. Another very preferred liquid, to be used as an auxiliary agent for granulation, is a sodium salt solution of polyacrylic acid. According to the invention, it is preferred to use both a soluble glass solution as well as a solution of the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid as an auxiliary agent for granulation. On the other hand, it is preferred, in accordance with the invention, to use a foam as an auxiliary agent for granulation, preferably a neutralized foam, especially that it can be prepared from acid, which advantageously comprises fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and / or etidronic acid, as well as from an alkaline solution, preferably from a NaOH solution. In this case it is preferred that acids, such as, for example, fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and / or ethidronic acid are first mixed and then combined with the alkaline solution. In the same way, a process according to the invention represents a preferred embodiment according to which the whole of the auxiliary agent for granulation contains in total less than 12% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, advantageously less than 8% by weight, especially less than 6% by weight of water, based on the finished granules. The auxiliary agent for granulation as such preferably constitutes a maximum of 15% by weight based on the finished granulate. In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the auxiliary agent

for granulation it comprises a liquid, which contains agents for conditioning the skin and / or agents for the conditioning of textile articles, especially silicone oil.

Advantageously, the auxiliary agent for granulation comprises solubility enhancers (hydrotropes). Typical hydrotropes are, for example, xylene sulphonate and cumol sulphonate or other substances such as, for example, urea or N-methylacetamide.

Agents for skin conditioning can be especially those agents that provide the skin with a sensory advantage, for example because they provide lipids and / or factors for maintaining moisture. Agents for skin conditioning can be, for example, proteins, amino acids, lecithins, lipoids, phosphatides, plant extracts, vitamins; In the same way, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, waxes, petroleum jelly, paraffins can act as skin conditioning agents. Agents for the conditioning of textile articles are, for example, products for the conditioning of textile articles such as, for example, cationic surfactants.

The granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, can be coated at another stage (coating). The optional coating layer (coating) results, for example, from mixtures and, respectively, of water-free or water-poor suspensions, however, it may also contain water after final drying, which corresponds, respectively, to a preferred form. of realization. The important thing is that the coating represents a preferred embodiment but, however, only optional, of the process, in accordance with the invention. This only optional character must be taken into account in the following explanations concerning the advantageous configurations of the coating.

It is preferred, which corresponds to a preferred embodiment, when the coating (optional) is applied without subsequent final drying.

According to another preferred embodiment, it can be advantageous, however, that the coating is followed by a final drying.

The thickness of the coating (optional) can be adjusted in a variable manner and is preferably in the range between the order of magnitude of a monomolecular coverage up to 50 µm inclusive, it being strongly preferred, however, that the thickness of the coating is clearly less than 5 µm.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, a liquid, preferably water-poor, especially water-free, is advantageously applied in a coating manner, advantageously containing surfactants, such as, for example, preferably nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and / or cationic surfactants, brighteners, triglycerides, terpenes, glycerin, silicone oil, paraffin (oil), perfume, vitamin E, (co) polymers (solutions) and / or natural oils.

Advantageously, a liquid of this type does not remain liquid on the surface of the granulate, but extends over the large surface of the wrapping material, which is achieved by fine grinding, so that, advantageously, The surface of the granulate is not damp or sticky.

In this case, a non-ionic surfactant is very preferred, which can be advantageously combined with other components. For example, the following combinations are preferred:

(to)

nonionic surfactant, brightener, optional perfume

(b)

nonionic surfactant, silicone oil, optional paraffin (oil), perfume

optional

(C)

silicone oil, brightener, optional perfume, surfactant no ionic

optional

(d)

nonionic surfactant, vitamin (derivatives) such as, preferably,

vitamin E, optional perfume

(and)

nonionic surfactant, natural oils, optional perfume

(F)

surfactant no ionic, vitamin (derivatives), oils natural perfume

optional

(g)

a mixture formed by miscellaneous surfactants, such how betaines,

nonionic surfactants and / or cationic substances.

In this context the concept of poor in water means that the liquid for the

coating used contains less than 35% by weight of water, referred to

liquid set for coating. In the preferred embodiments in this case, this upper limit of the water content can also be found at lower values, for example at a value preferably of 30% by weight, 25% by weight, 20% by weight. weight, of 15% by weight, of 10% by weight or of 5% by weight or between these values, that is, for example, which can preferably take a value of 9%, 8%, 7 % or 6% by weight, based on the coating liquid set.

A water-free coating liquid contains a maximum of 4% by weight, advantageously it contains a maximum of 3% by weight, more advantageously it contains a maximum of 2% by weight, preferably it contains, at most, 1% by weight or, in particular, it does not even contain water, referring to the coating liquid as a whole. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment.

However, in accordance with another preferred embodiment, the coating liquid may also contain larger amounts of water, that is more preferably 35% by weight, based on the coating liquid as a whole. In these preferred embodiments, in this case, the minimum limit of the water content can also be found at higher values, for example at a value preferably of 40% by weight, 45% by weight, 50% by weight. weight, 55% by weight, 60% by weight or 65% by weight or between these values, that is, for example, at a value such as 41, 42, 43 or 44% by weight , referred to the set of liquid for coating. A liquid very rich in water may have, in accordance with one of the preferred embodiments, even an upper limit of the even higher water content, for example with a value preferably of 70% by weight, 75% by weight , 80% by weight, 85% by weight, 90% by weight or 95% by weight of water referred to the coating liquid as a whole.

According to a preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating contains (co-) polymers, especially it contains (co-) water soluble polymers, if necessary it contains (co-) modified polymers such as, for example

(to)

synthetic polymers such as, for example, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohols, homopolymers and copolymers

of (meth) acrylic acid and its derivatives, of maleic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, polyethyleneimine and / or PAA,

(b)

Naturally based polymers, if any, modified, such as, for example, starches, alginates, pectins, vegetable resins, casein, gelatins, guar, cellulose, cellulose ethers and / or starch ethers ,

(C)

biotechnology-generated products such as, for example, pululane, curdlano and / or xanthan,

(d)

mixtures of the aforementioned.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, a melt is applied superficially, as a coating (optional), preferably fusions of (co-) polymers, waxes, esters and / or greases. Advantageously, such a fusion does not leave a fusion on the surface of the granulate, but solidifies advantageously after absorption and cooling in such a way that, advantageously, the surface of the granulate is not sticky.

Preferably, the coating (optional) comprises waxes. Among the waxes, the following may be advantageously preferred:

(to)

vegetable waxes such as, preferably, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, esparto wax, guaruma wax, Japan wax, cork wax, Montana wax, ouricuri wax, rice seed oil wax and / or sugarcane wax,

(b)

animal waxes such as, preferably, beeswax, uropigial gland fat, lanolin, shellac wax and / or whale sperm,

(C)

mineral waxes such as preferably ceresin and / or ozoquerite,

(d)

chemically modified waxes, preferably hard waxes, especially hydrogenated jojoba waxes, Montana ester waxes and / or sasol waxes,

(and)

synthetic waxes such as, preferably, paraffin waxes (especially soft paraffin with a melting point> 38 ° C), polyalkylene waxes and / or polyethylene glycol waxes,

(F)

the microceres, that is to say preferentially ingredients of high melting point of petroleum, which are constituted especially by a

- 30 mixture of saturated hydrocarbons (iso-alkanes) and containing, advantageously, additionally cycloparaffins substituted by alkyl and aromatic hydrocarbons substituted by alkyl and, respectively, substituted by naphthene, advantageously petrolatums, plastic microceres and hard microceres,

(g)

mixtures of vegetable waxes, animal waxes, mineral waxes, synthetic waxes, microceras and / or chemically modified waxes. Preferably, the coating (optional) comprises esters. From

advantageously, the esters are preferably esters of long chain fatty acids, especially with at least 22 carbon atoms such as, for example, behenic acid, tetracosanoic acid, cerotinic acid and / or triacontanoic acid, etc. .

Preferably, the coating (optional) comprises greases. By fats, preferably, solid or semi-solid products that are chemically constituted, fundamentally, from mixed glycerin esters of the higher fatty acids are indicated.

Preferably, the coating (optional) contains (co-) polymers. In the case of (co-) polymers, polyethylene glycols, polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl acetates and polyvinyl alcohols are especially preferred.

In this case, polyethylene glycols with molecular weights approximately between 200 and 5,000,000 g / mol are preferred, in accordance with the degrees of polymerization Pn between approximately 5 and>

100,000. Liquid products with molecular weights <approximately 25,000 g / mol can also be used as a coating material. Also preferred are solid polyethylene glycols of high molecular weight, which are also called polyethylene oxides. In general it is very preferred that the optional coating contains lipids

and / or silicone oils, which corresponds to a preferred embodiment. Preferred lipids are

(to)

lipophilic hydrocarbons (such as, for example, also triacontane,

squalene or carotinoids, etc.),

(b)

lipophilic alcohols (such as, for example, waxy alcohols,

retinol or cholesterol, etc.),

(C)

the etheripids,

(d)

lipophilic carboxylic acids (fatty acids),

(and)

the esters lipophilic [such how the fat neutral is tell the

monoacylglycerin, diacylglycerin and triacylglycerin (triglycerides), sterine esters, etc.],

(F)

lipophilic amides (such as, for example, ceramides, etc.),

(g)

the waxes,

(h)

lipids with more than 2 hydrolysis products such as, for example, glycolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and / or glycerolipids, etc.,

(i)

lipids in the form of high molecular weight conjugates with more than 2 hydrolysis products, such as for example lipoproteins and / or lipopolysaccharides, etc.,

(j)

phosphorus-free glycolipids such as, for example, glycosphingolipids (such as, preferably, cerebrosides, gangliosides, sulfatides) or such as, for example, glycosyl glycerolipids (such as, preferably, glycosyldiglycerides and glycosylmonoglycerides), etc.,

(k)

carbohydrate-free phospholipids such as, for example, sphingophospholipids (such as, preferably, sphingomyelins) or such as, for example, glycerophospholipids (such as, preferably, lecithins, cephalins, cardiolipins, phosphatidylinosites and phosphatidylinositophosphates, etc.),

(l)

the mixtures of the aforementioned.

In another preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating has an unsaponifiable lipid, preferably chosen from free fatty acids, isoprenoid lipids, such as especially steroids, carotinoids, monoterpenes, etc. and / or tocopherols.

In another preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating has a saponifiable lipid, preferably chosen from monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, phospholipids (phosphatides), glycolipids, diollipids, waxes and / or esters of sterine.

In another preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating respectively has at least one non-saponifiable lipid and one saponifiable lipid.

In another preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating has a neutral lipid, preferably chosen from among fatty acids (> 12 carbon atoms), monoacrylglycerides, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, sterines, sterine esters, carotinoids , waxes and / or tocopherols.

In another preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating has a polar lipid, preferably chosen from glycerophospholipids, glyceroglycolipids, sphingophospholipids and / or sphingoglycolipids.

In another preferred embodiment, the (optional) coating respectively has at least one polar lipid and one apolar lipid. In another embodiment the coating (optional) contains a silicone oil.

According to a preferred embodiment, the coating (optional) is applied superficially in the form of dispersion, that is advantageously as a system consisting of several phases, one of which is continuous (dispersing agent) and, at least, another is distributed (fine form) (dispersed phase), preferably in the form of emulsion, aerosol or suspension.

In this case, the suspensions are the most preferred, that is to say the dispersions of particles of insoluble solid products with particle sizes that go up to below the colloidal dimensions (<10-6 cm) in liquids, in plastic masses or in fusions solid.

Especially preferred are the suspensions containing solvents, advantageously the aqueous suspensions, of the powder components with, preferably, a diameter of a few µm, for example the aqueous pigment suspensions.

In this case, systems containing solvents preferably contain dispersing agents such as, in particular

(to)

titanates and / or oligomeric silanes,

(b)

amphoteric dispersing agents such as, for example, soy lecithin,

etc.,

(C)

anionic dispersing agents such as, for example, oligomeric or polymeric carboxylic acids, etc.,

(d)

cationic dispersing agents such as, for example, polyamines, etc.,

(and)

electrically neutral dispersing agents such as, for example, salts of long chain polyamines and polycarboxylic acids, etc. I

(F)

the amine / amide functional polymers and / or amine / amide functional polyacrylates. In this case, the aqueous systems preferably contain agents.

dispersants such as, especially

(to)

inorganic dispersing agents, in this case preferably the so-called insulating Pickering dispersing agents, that is to say insoluble, fine-grained inorganic compounds, such as for example CaCO3 or Ca3 (PO4) 2, polyphosphates, such as, in a manner Preferably, the salts of pyrophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid of the general formula Mn + 2 PnO3n + 1 or Mn [H2PnO3n + 1] with M = Na +, K +, NH4 +; n = 2-10 oligophosphates, for example the pentasodium triphosphate Na5P3O10, n> 10 polyphosphates,

(b)

modified natural products such as, for example, gum arabic, alginates, casein, gelatins, soy lecithin, tanatos and / or lignin sulphonates and / or

(C)

synthetic polymers, for example the Na + or NH4 + salts predominantly water soluble of anionic synthetic polymers with carboxylate, sulfate or sulphonate groups, homopolymers such as, preferably, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid,

(d)

copolymers, such as, preferably, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl- (ethene), allylsulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide or acrylonitrile, maleic acid anhydride with ethylene or with other 1-alkenes, methyl vinyl ether or styrene, polyaldehydecarboxylic acids such as, preferably, copolymers and, respectively, terpolymers of acrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, in the presence and incorporation of long chain, branched or linear mercaptans, as regulators,

- 34 condensation products of naphthalene-formaldehyde sulphonate. In another preferred embodiment, the coating (optional) has colored substances and, respectively, colorants, brighteners and / or pigments, advantageously in the nanoscale range or in the micrometer range, preferably white pigments, especially chosen from titanium dioxide pigments, such as, in particular, anatase pigments and / or rutile pigments, zinc sulphide pigments, zinc oxide (zinc white), antimony trioxide ( antimony white), the basic lead carbonate (lead white) 2PbCO3 Pb (OH) 2, the ZnS + BaSO4 lithopon. Preferably, white auxiliary products such as, preferably, calcium carbonate, talc, 3MgO 4SiO2 H2O and / or barium sulfate may also be contained. In another preferred embodiment, the pigments may be constituted by

(to)

color pigments (preferably inorganic color pigments, especially iron oxide pigments, chromate pigments, iron blue pigments, chromium oxide pigments, ultramarine pigments, mixed phase pigments of the oxide type and / or bismuth vanadate pigments),

(b)

black pigments (for example aniline black, perylene black, iron oxide pigments, manganese black and / or spinel black),

(C)

bright pigments (preferably platelet effect pigments, metal effect pigments such as, for example, aluminum pigments (silver bronzes), copper pigments and copper / zinc pigments (gold bronzes) and zinc pigments, pearl luster pigments such as, for example, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, lithium stearate or ethylene glycol distearate and, respectively, polyethylene terephthalate, interference pigments such as, for example, the metal-mica oxides pigments) and / or

(d)

luminescent pigments such as, for example, azometin fluorescent yellow, zinc sulphide pigments doped with silver and / or

doped with copper.

Similarly, the (optional) coating may also preferably comprise the following products:

(to)

carbonates, such as, preferably, crete, ground limestone, calcite and / or precipitated calcium carbonate, dolomite and / or barium carbonate,

(b)

sulfates, such as, preferably, barite, fixed white and / or calcium sulfate,

(C)

silicates, such as, preferably, talc, pyrophyllite, chlorite, hornablende, mica, kaolin, wollastonite, slate powder, precipitated silicates of Ca, Al, Ca / Al, de Na / Al, feldspar and / or mullite,

(d)

Silicon acids such as, preferably, quartz, molten silica, cristobalite, kieselgur, Neuburg siliceous earth, precipitated silicic acid, pyrogenic silicic acid, ground glass, ground pumice, perlite, Ca metasilicate and / or fibers from fusions of glass, basalts, slags,

(and)

oxides, such as, in particular, aluminum hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide,

(F)

organic fibers such as, in particular, textile fibers, cellulose fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers and / or polyester fibers, preferably with lengths at a nanometric scale and, respectively, at a micrometric scale and / or

(g)

flours, such as starch flour.

In a preferred embodiment, the coating (optional) reduces the dissolution rate of the whole of the particle by 5% referred to cold water at 20 ° C, that is to say that the coated granules correspondingly require a longer time to dissolve completely in water cold at 20 ° C, referring to the dissolution of 60 grams of particles in a liter of water from the pipe in a 2-liter beaker with stirring with a stir bar / magnetic stirrer (250 revolutions per minute) at 20 ° C. In another preferred embodiment, the reduction of the dissolution rate of the whole of the particle can be preferably 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%. In the case of a value of 100%, the complete dissolution of the particles lasts twice as much as in the case where there is no coating. In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the reduction of the dissolution rate of the particle assembly can be found at an even greater value, preferably 150%, 200%, 250%, 300 %, in 350%, in 400%, in 450% or in 500%.

When the uncoated particles dissolve after 1 minute, the coated tablet would have dissolved only after 5 minutes in the case of a value of 500%.

In a preferred embodiment, effervescent components and, respectively, gas-generating components are preferably contained in the granulate, optionally coated in the core and / or in the shell.

A granulate, in accordance with the invention, is constituted by a core and by a wrapping material surrounding the former. This does not unconditionally mean that the wrapping material has to completely cover the core. It is only necessary that the particles surrounding the core surround it and, respectively, cover it at least in part in such a way, that preferably at least 10%, in a more advantageous way at least 15%, in a manner even more advantageous at least 20%, in an advantageous way at least 25%, in an even more advantageous way at least 30%, in a very advantageous way at least 35%, in a considerably advantageous way at least 40%, in a totally advantageous way at least 45%, especially at least 50% of the visible outer surface of the core is covered by surrounding particles (= degree of coverage), which corresponds to a preferred embodiment .

However, in accordance with another preferred embodiment, the degree of coverage should not exceed certain maximum values, said maximum values being especially in values of 50%, 55%, 60%, 65 %, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, but can also be found at lower values, such as, especially , 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% or 45%. However, according to another preferred embodiment, it may also be desirable for the degree of coverage to reach high values, preferably the degree of coverage may be at a value of at least 55%, 60%, a 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the core is configured as such uniformly, preferably almost spherically or ellipsoid. The ellipsoid is similar to the sphere but, nevertheless, the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis are different. However, in accordance with other embodiments, the core

(to)

it can be molded in a cubic form (in the form of a die) or, at least, it can be molded in an approximately cubic form or

(b)

it can be molded in the form of a parallelepiped (for example in the form of a saddle) or at least it can be molded in the form of a parallelepiped or

(C)

it can be molded in a laminar form (platelet form and the like) or, at least, it can be molded in an approximately laminar form or

(d)

it may be molded in the form of needles or in the form of fibers or, at least, it may be molded in the form of needles or in the form of fibers or

(and)

it can be molded in the form of a bar or, at least, it can be approximately in the form of a bar. In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the core as such

It is irregularly configured, that is, preferably it has no spherical or ellipsoid shape, but has an irregular shape. Such a form is characterized, for example, by the irregular presence of corners, teeth, tips and ridges, bulges and notches, tears or bubbles. Therefore, most surface points have an essentially unequal distance from the center of the core. Such a shape can run, for example, pointedly on one side, it can have a dent or it can have a flat side.

A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder, which is constituted by granules, can now be characterized in that

(to)

the majority, preferably at least 75%, especially all of the cores of the granules, optionally coated, are essentially uniformly configured, preferably in an almost spherical or ellipsoidal manner, or

(b)

the majority, preferably at least 75%, especially all of the granules cores, optionally coated, are irregularly shaped, or

(C)

mixtures of cores are essentially essentially irregularly configured, preferably in the ratio between 200: 1 and 1: 200. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment. In this case the group of granules, optionally coated,

It can also be a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of granules, optionally coated, together with other particles forms a total collective.

A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder consisting of granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective

(to)

they have mostly, preferably at least 75%, especially all of the cores, a predominantly unitary grain size, or

(b)

they have mostly, preferably at least 75%, especially all cores, a predominantly uneven grain size, or

(C)

they represent a mixture of cores with a very unitary grain size with cores with a very uneven grain size, preferably in the ratio between 200: 1 and 1: 200. This corresponds to a preferred form

of realization.

In this case, the group of the granules, optionally coated, can also be a sub-group of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of the granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles.

A preponderantly unitary grain size is preferably presented when the cores are essentially with a distribution of the grain size as uniform as possible, in which the ratio between d50 and d90 is at least 0.50, preferably that is at least 0.6, advantageously that is at least 0.75, in another more advantageous way that is at least 0.80.

A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder, which is constituted by granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective

(to)

they have mostly, preferably, at least 75%, especially all of the nuclei, a preponderantly unitary density, or

(b)

they have mostly, preferably, at least 75%, especially all of the nuclei, a preponderantly unequal density, or

(C)

they represent a mixture of very unitary density cores with very uneven density cores, preferably in the ratio between 200: 1 and 1: 200. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment. In this case, the group of granules, optionally coated,

It can also be a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles.

A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder that is constituted by granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective

(to)

they present mostly, preferably, at least 75%, especially all of the cores, a structural constitution

monograne, extruded or agglomerated bodies, etc., or

(b)

they have, preferably, at least 75%, especially all of the cores, a preponderantly uneven structural constitution, that is to say, both in the form of extruded bodies, agglomerates, monogranes, etc., or

(C)

they represent a mixture of structurally constituted nuclei in a very unitary way with nuclei with a very unequal density. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment. In this case, the group of the granules, optionally coated, can

being also a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles.

A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder consisting of granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective

(to)

they present mostly, preferably, at least 75%, especially all the cores, a predominantly unitary chemical composition, referred to the collective, or

(b)

they present mostly, preferably, at least 75%, especially all of the cores, a predominantly unequal chemical composition, referred to the collective, or

(C)

they represent a mixture of nuclei with a preponderantly unitary chemical composition with nuclei with a preponderantly unequal chemical composition, referred to the collective. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment. In this case the group of the granules, optionally coated, can

being also a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles.

On the other hand, the following cases (i) to (iv) represent preferred embodiments of the invention:

(i) a group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder constituted by granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective respectively have, as individual objects, a homogeneous distribution of at least one (preferably one and the same) of the active products contained therein (for example surfactants or adjuvants, etc.) being given in the collective, which is formed by the same granules, optionally coated α) also a homogeneous distribution of the active product (s)

corresponding through the collective, or

β) a heterogeneous distribution of the active product (s)

corresponding through the collective. Expressed in a simplified way this means that a collective of particles presenta is presented. In all the particles of this collective ψ at least one (preferably one and the same) active product is homogeneously distributed. In case α) all the particles in the collective ψ also contain the same amount of the corresponding active product. This is the case of a homogeneous individual distribution in a homogeneous collective. In the case β) the particles contain, on the contrary, various amounts of the corresponding active product, even if the various quantities are distributed homogeneously in each individual particle. This is the case of a homogeneous individual distribution in a heterogeneous collective. In this case, the group of the granules, optionally coated, can also be a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of the granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles.

(ii) A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder that is constituted by granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective have, as individual objects, respectively a heterogeneous distribution of at least one active product contained therein. (preferably one and the same) (for example surfactants or adjuvants, etc.) (that is to say that they have a concentration gradient of the active product through a particle and,

- 42 respectively, that local enrichments of the active product are presented), giving in the group formed by the same granules, optionally coated χ) also a heterogeneous distribution of the corresponding active product (s) through the collective, or δ) a distribution homogeneous of the corresponding active product (s) through the collective. Expressed in a simplified way this means that a collective of particles presenta is presented. In all the particles of this group, at least one active product (one and the same) is distributed heterogeneously. In the case χ) all the particles in the collective ξ also contain varying amounts of the corresponding active product. This is the case of a heterogeneous individual distribution in a heterogeneous collective. In the case δ) the particles contain, on the contrary, equal amounts of the corresponding active product, even if equal amounts are distributed in a non-homogeneous manner in each individual particle. This is the case of a heterogeneous individual distribution in a homogeneous collective. In this case, the group of the granules, optionally coated, can also be a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of the granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles.

(iii) A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder that is constituted by granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective have, as individual objects, respectively a homogeneous mass distribution (ie there is no gradient of density in the individual core), given in the collective formed by the same granules, optionally coated ε) also a homogeneous mass distribution across the collective

(In other words, there is no density gradient across the collective as a whole, so that all the particles, which form the collective, have practically the same density), or

ϕ) a heterogeneous mass distribution through the collective (i.e.

that a density gradient is presented across the collective as a whole, such that the particles, which form the collective, do not have almost the same density).

Expressed in a simplified way this means that a collective of particles presenta is presented. In none of the particles of this collective ϑ is there a density gradient. In the case ε) all the particles of the collective ϑ also have the same density. This is the case of a homogeneous individual distribution in a homogeneous collective. In the case ϕ) not all the particles in the collective ϑ have the same density. This is the case of a homogeneous individual distribution in a heterogeneous collective. In this case, the group of the granules, optionally coated, can also be a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of the granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles.

(iv) A group of granules, optionally coated, for example a washing powder that is constituted by granules, can be characterized in that the cores of the collective have, as individual objects, respectively a heterogeneous mass distribution (that is to say that a gradient is presented respectively density in the individual nucleus), given in the collective that is formed by the same granules, optionally coated γ) also a heterogeneous mass distribution across the collective (that is to say that a density gradient is presented across the collective as a whole, in such a way that the particles, which form the collective, do not all have the same density), or η) a homogeneous mass distribution across the collective (that is to say that there is no density gradient across the collective as a whole, of such that the particles, which form the collective, have the same density).

Expressed in a simplified way this means that a collective of particles presenta is presented. The individual particles of this collective Π have a density gradient. In the case γ) the particles of the collective Π have

- 44 compared to each other, in addition, different densities. This is the case of a heterogeneous individual distribution in a heterogeneous collective. In the case η) the particles of the collective Π have, compared to each other, respectively equal densities. This is the case of a heterogeneous individual distribution in a homogeneous collective. In this case, the group of the granules, optionally coated, can also be a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of the granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles. In this case, the group of the granules, optionally coated, can also be a sub-collective of a larger total collective, that is to say that the group of the granules, optionally coated, forms a total collective together with other particles. In the scope of the invention, it is possible that the core is coated, as such, as a previous step to be surrounded with the wrapping material, that is to say that it is coated, for example, with a solution, with a dispersion, with a fusion or with an emulsion of certain active products. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment. Materials that include products such as non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, silicone oil, triglycerides, terpenes, perfumes, glycerin and / or (co) polymers (solutions). On the other hand, all those products that have been disclosed elsewhere in this description for the coating of the granulate also come into consideration. In the same way, it is possible that a non-coated granulate may be previously impregnated as such, as a previous step to the optional coating, that is to say that it is impregnated, for example, with a solution, with a dispersion or with an emulsion of certain active products, in order to modify the properties of the granulate. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment. In order to carry out the impregnation of the core or the granulate, impregnating agents may be used, preferably impregnating agents containing silicone, that is to say mixtures containing, advantageously,

various polysiloxanes with groups capable of intervening in a condensation, which, advantageously, cause more or less pronounced hydrofugation. Preferably, those agents are used to carry out the impregnation, which are used for the hydrofugation of the core or of the granulate.

Preferred hydrophobicizing agents are, in addition to silicone-containing agents, also those agents containing, for example, paraffins, waxes, metal soaps (partly even with contributions of aluminum or zirconium salts), quaternary ammonium compounds with Long chain alkyl radicals, urea derivatives, fatty acid modified melamine resins, complex chromium salts, organic tin compounds and / or glutarodialdehyde.

Naturally, it is also possible, basically, to carry out a hydrophilicization, which corresponds to a preferred embodiment. Hydrophilization is carried out with the aid of hydrophilic agents, which, for example, are applied in the form of aqueous solutions. In this case it is, for example, preparations of ionic or non-ionic polymers, ethoxylation products and the like. It is possible, for example, to carry out the hydrophilicization of the core as a previous step to be surrounded by the envelope.

In order to carry out the impregnation, agents containing lipids are preferably used.

Preferred lipids are

(to)

lipophilic hydrocarbons (such as, for example, also the tri acontane,

squalene or carotinoids, etc.),

(b)

lipophilic alcohols (such as, for example, alcohole s coric, he

retinol or cholesterol, etc.),

(C)

the etheripids,

(d)

lipophilic carboxylic acids (fatty acids),

(and)

the esters lipophilic [such how the fat neutral - is tell the

monoacylglycerin, diacylglycerin and triacylglycerin (trigl

icér gone), the

sterine esters, etc.],

(F)

lipophilic amides (such as for example ceramides, etc.),

(g)

the waxes,

(h)

lipids with more than 2 hydrolysis products, such as for example

- 46 glycolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and / or glycerolipids, etc.,

(i)

lipids in the form of high molecular weight conjugates with more than 2 hydrolysis products such as, for example, lipoproteins and / or lipopolysaccharides, etc.,

(j)

phosphorus-free glycolipids such as, for example, glycosphingolipids (such as, preferably, cerebrosides, gangliosides, sulfatides) or such as, for example, glycosyl glycerolipids (such as, preferably, glycosyldiglycerides and glycosylmonoglycerides), etc.,

(k)

carbohydrate-free phospholipids such as, for example, sphingophospholipids (such as, preferably, sphingomyelins) or such as, for example, glycerophospholipids (such as, preferably, lecithins, cephalins, cardiolipins, phosphatidylinosites and phosphatidylinositophosphates, etc.) and / or

(l)

the mixtures of the preceding.

In another preferred embodiment, the impregnating material has a non-saponifiable lipid, preferably chosen from among the free fatty acids, isoprenoid lipids such as, preferably, steroids, carotinoids, monoterpenes, etc. and / or tocopherols.

In another preferred embodiment, the impregnating agent has a saponifiable lipid, preferably chosen from monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, phospholipids (phosphatides), glycolipids, diolipids, waxes and / or esters of sterine

In another preferred embodiment, the impregnating agent respectively has at least one non-saponifiable lipid and a saponifiable lipid.

In another preferred embodiment, the impregnating agent has a neutral lipid, preferably chosen from among fatty acids (> 12 carbon atoms), mono-acylglycerides, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, sterines, sterine esters, carotinoids, waxes and / or tocopherols.

In a preferred embodiment, the impregnating agent has a polar lipid, preferably chosen from glycerophospholipids, glyceroglycolipids, sphingophospholipids and / or sphingoglycolipids.

- 47 In another preferred embodiment, the impregnating agent has, respectively, at least one polar lipid and one non-polar lipid. In the same way it is possible to carry out partial hydrofugation during the (optional) coating of the granules, that is, it is possible to cause the surface of the particle to become hydrophobic, providing as a coating hydrophobicizing agents, preferably media containing, by eg silicones, paraffins, waxes, metal soaps (partly even with additions of aluminum or zirconium salts), quaternary ammonium compounds with long chain alkyl moieties, urea derivatives, fatty acid modified melamine resins, complex salts of chromium, organic compounds of tin and / or glutarodialdehyde. In the same way, in the case of the (optional) coating of the granules, it is possible to carry out a partial hydrophilicization, that is to say it is possible to make the surface of the particle become hydrophilic, for example by applying aqueous solutions as a coating on the granulate, especially preparations of ionogenic polymers or non-ionogenic polymers, ethoxylation products and the like. Polyethylene glycol sorbitan esters of fatty acids and similar substances are, for example, especially suitable for carrying out hydrophilicization. In the same way, the solubility of the envelope can be individually manipulated as such and, in particular, advantageously by the choice of the auxiliary agent for granulation. The auxiliary agent for granulation can be, for example, predominantly water-repellent, which results in the wrap dissolving more slowly in the aqueous environment. When the auxiliary agent for granulation is predominantly hydrophobic, in the context of this invention, the description which advantageously follows a "water-bonded" envelope will be discussed. The auxiliary agent for granulation can be, for example, predominantly hydrophilic, which results in the envelope dissolving more rapidly in the aqueous environment. When the auxiliary agent for granulation is predominantly hydrophilic, it will be discussed in the context of this invention in the following description of a wrapper "bonded together"

In this case there are hardly any limitations for the freedom of configuration by the person skilled in the art. Obviously the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, can also be advantageously applied in sachets, in bags or in sachets. Another object of the invention relates to a sachet, a bag or a bag, containing granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention.

Another object of the invention is a molded body, preferably tablets, containing granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention.

Another object of the invention consists of a washing or cleaning agent containing granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, especially a washing agent containing conditioning components.

Another object of the invention relates to a cleaning agent containing granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, preferably a dishwashing agent, which contains

(to)

cleaning components, containing, for example, surfactants such as, for example, alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl polyglucosides and / or cocoamidopropyl betaine,

(b)

rinse rinse components, containing, for example, non-ionic surfactants, preferably based on fatty alcohols, especially with additions of lower alcohols as solubilizers and, advantageously, citric acid,

(C)

de-hardener components, containing, for example, phosphonate, polycarboxylate, sodium gluconates, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and / or aluminum silicates (zeolites),

(d)

optionally: other constituents such as, preferably, protective components of silver / glassware. In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the coating

Optional (Coating) of the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, is sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength or contain materials sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or force ionic According to another embodiment, the envelope is sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength or contains materials sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength. According to another embodiment, the core is sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength or contains materials sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength.

Next, the meaning of sensitivity to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength will be explained predominantly, using the optional coating (Coating) as an example. However, it is evident to the person skilled in the art that he can use without more of the same mechanisms also for the preparation of the core and of the envelope (wrapping material). The core can be, for example, a granulate, which is constituted by subparticles, which are cohesive by means of a material sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength. Therefore, under adjustable conditions with respect to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength, the core can lose its integrity, that is, it can decompose. The envelope can be applied on the core for example with a granulation liquid sensitive to pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength. Therefore, the envelope can lose its integrity and dissolve under adjustable conditions in terms of pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength.

In this case it is indicated by the concept of pH sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and sensitivity to ionic strength, that the coating or that the materials that form the coating, when there is a change in the pH value, of the temperature and / or the ionic strength in the medium, to which the coating is subjected (for example wash bath),

(to)

undergoes / undergoes a modification (increase or decrease) in solubility (preferably in water); I

(b)

suffers / undergoes a modification (increase or decrease) of diffusion density; I

(C)

undergoes / undergoes a modification (acceleration or slowdown) of the dissolution kinetics; I

(d)

suffer / undergo a modification (increase or decrease) of stability

mechanics.

With regard to temperature sensitivity, it is fulfilled that, in addition to the options mentioned (a) to (d), additionally option (e), according to which the coating or the materials that form the coating, undergo a modification of the state of aggregation from solid to liquid or vice versa, when a temperature change occurs, that is to say that the materials melt or solidify.

In this case, as suitable coating materials in this regard, in the sense of the invention, all those materials whose integrity is a function of the temperature and / or the value of the pH and / or of the ionic strength or also those materials serve that lose their integrity as a result of a mechanical solicitation such as that presented, for example, in the course of an automatic laundry washing process. Advantageously, the pH sensitivity of the coating (optional) can be used. For example, the coating (optional) can be configured in such a way that it dissolves completely or partially when the pH value falls below a critical value. This can happen, in the case of a washing process, when the alkaline washing water is removed from the machine and fresh water is fed to the machine, preferably at the rinsing stage of the washing process. The coating totally or partially loses its integrity when it comes into contact with fresh water and, therefore, causes the granulate to be penetrated by water. The corresponding pH value, at which the coating is completely or partially disintegrated can be arbitrarily adjusted in such a way that the material loses its integrity, for example, totally or partially when the pH value falls for example by below 9.0, but remain essentially inert as long as the pH value is above 10.0.

The concept of "inert" will be understood in accordance with the invention in the usual sense, that is to say in such a way that essentially a physical or chemical reaction of the coating material with the environment is not verified but that the coating material is stable from the physical and chemical point of view against this environment, in such a way that the granulate is essentially protected against penetration of the medium, for example from the wash bath.

- 51 The granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, can have several envelopes and several coatings may be applied to them. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the particles surrounding the granulate core are applied in the form of several layers on the core. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules are coated several times. The granules can be obtained with several envelopes, in the sense of this application, when a obtained granulate is taken as a "core" for another (or for other) granulation stages. Therefore, the granulate itself is used as a new core and is surrounded with other particles. In this case new particles are applied on the original granulate. In this case it is preferred that the casings differ from each other at least in one parameter, for example by means of physical parameters such as their density, their size and / or by means of chemical parameters, that is to say by different chemical products. In a preferred embodiment, the nuclear materials and the wrapping material are also differentiated by at least 1 physical and / or chemical parameter. Granules with various coatings can be obtained when applied on the formed, finished granulate, onto which a coating has been applied superficially, subsequently one (or several) additional coatings. In this way, for example, a first coating, containing non-ionic surfactants, and then a coating containing perfume, etc., can be applied. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the diameter d50 of the nuclear particles of the agent according to the invention is preferably located in the range between 0.05 and 5 mm. The lower limit of the diameter d50 of the nuclear particles of the agent according to the invention can preferably also be at a value such as, in particular, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm , 0.09 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.19 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.23 mm, 0.24 mm, 0, 25 mm, 0.26 mm, 0.27 mm, 0.28 mm,

0.29 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm or 1 , 0 mm or can even be located between these values, that is, for example 0.35 mm, 0.45 mm, etc.

It would also be possible, even if it is less advantageous, in accordance with another embodiment, that the diameter d50 of the nuclear particles of the agent according to the invention have values less than 0.05 mm, for example a value preferably of 0, 01 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.03 mm or 0.04 mm.

The upper limit of the diameter d50 of the nuclear particles of the agent according to the invention can preferably also be in a value such as, in particular, 4.8 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.4 mm, of 4.2 mm, 4.0 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.0 mm, 2.8 mm, 2, 6 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.2 mm or 1.0 mm or it can even be located between these values, that is, for example, it can be 4.7 mm, 4.5 mm, etc.

It would also be possible, even if it is less advantageous, in accordance with another embodiment, that the diameter d50 of the nuclear particles of the compliance agent the invention has values greater than 5.0 mm, for example a value such as, so special, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm or 10 mm or values that are located between these values, that is, for example, 5.5 mm, 6.5 mm, etc. .

However, the particles surrounding the core are not advantageously constituted by a powder. According to general knowledge, the powder is a type of flour, that is to say an accumulation of solid particles with a particle size preferably located below 100 nm. However, it is also advantageous, for reasons of process technology, that the particles do not fall below a certain minimum value. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the particles, which surround the core, therefore have a particle diameter d50, which preferably corresponds to at least 1/100, advantageously, at least , at 1/80, more advantageously, at least, at 1/70, more advantageously, at least, at 1/60, even more advantageously, at least, at 1/50, in a totally advantageous way at least 1/40 and, especially, at least 1/35 of the diameter of the d50 particles of the

However, the diameter of the particles d50 of the particles surrounding the core is, preferably, greater than 2, than 3, that 4 or that 5 µm.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the particles surrounding the core essentially have a unit particle size, the grain size distribution of the particles surrounding the core being advantageously, such that the ratio between d50 and d50 of the particles surrounding the core, preferably at least 0.5, more advantageously, at least 0.6, especially at least 0.75.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the agents according to the invention, that is, the granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, essentially have an average form factor of at least 0.79 of preferably at least 0.81, advantageously at least 0.83, even more advantageously at least 0.85, especially at least 0.87. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the agents according to the invention, that is the granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, are presented essentially in a grain size distribution as uniform as possible, in which the ratio between d50 and d90 is at least 0.50, preferably at least 0.6, advantageously at least 0.75, more advantageously from, to minus 0.80.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the granules, optionally coated (especially those containing materials sensitive to pH, ionic strength and / or temperature) are capable of floating in water, that is, they are not deposited in water or in a watery bleach, but float on the surface of the water.

In order to make the granules floating, it is preferably indicated to adjust their density to values below 1 g / cm 3, if necessary. A wide spectrum of possibilities is available for this purpose. For example, gases, especially air, can be incorporated into the granules, for example. If necessary, the granules have a correspondingly low density per se so that additional incorporation of gases, for example, is not necessary, which is equally preferred. In the same way it is preferred to carry out the incorporation in the granulate of solid products, preferably of support materials with a density less than 1 g / cm 3, the supports being constituted by solid products at room temperature, preferably they consist of adjuvants, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, phosphates and / or solid oligocarboxylic acids at room temperature.

In order to carry out the adjustment of a density of less than 1 g / cm3, they can be incorporated into the granules, for example in the core, preferably hollow microspheres, that is, very bulky lightweight fillers. The hollow microspheres are filled, for example, with air, with nitrogen or with carbon dioxide, the envelopes of the spheres are constituted, for example, by glass (for example borosilicate glass) or, in particular, are constituted by materials organic, for example constituted by a thermoplastic (for example styrene / acrylate polymer, polyacrylate). These hollow microspheres may also be loaded with other suitable materials such as, for example, vegetable oils (for example almond oil, approximate density 0.91-0.92 g / cm3). The density of the hollow microspheres takes a preferred value of <1 g / cm3, preferably is between 0.176 and 0.9 g / cm3 or between 0.176 and 0.8 g / cm3 or between 0.176 and 0.7 g / cm3 or between 0.176 and 0.6 g / cm3 or between 0.176 and 0.5 g / cm3 or between 0.176 and 0.4 g / cm3. The average diameter of the particles is preferably located in the range between 0.4 and 10 µm. The upper limits of the grain size are preferably between 0.4 and 250 µm. The thermal conductivity is preferably between 0.110 and 0.156 Wm-1K-1. The internal pressure takes a preferred value of approximately 0.2 bar. Preferably, hollow spherical envelopes may burst when larger shear stresses occur. In particular, hollow polyacrylate microspheres are preferably incorporated in the form of an aqueous suspension, for example at the time of obtaining the cores, for example by means of granulation or spray drying, or at the time of obtaining the granules, for example by means of agglomeration. To carry out the adjustment of a density of less than 1 g / cm3, it can also be incorporated into the granulate, for example, cork flour. As a consequence of its low density, which is between 0.12 and 0.25 g / cm3, it is excellently suited for this purpose.

Cork flour is obtained, preferably, by shredding and then sieving or sorting cork waste.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention (granulate that can be obtained in accordance with the invention) contains ingredients intended for cleaning, maintenance, conditioning and / or the final treatment of textile articles.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention (granulate that can be obtained in accordance with the invention) contains ingredients intended for cleaning and / or care of crockery, glassware, cutlery and the like

In a preferred embodiment, the granulate core, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, contains ingredients intended for the care, conditioning and / or final treatment of textile articles, preferably chosen from the group consisting of Revitalizing agents, odorizing products, pH adjusting agents, fluorescent agents, dyes, hydrotropes, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grating inhibitors, protective agents against the formation of folds, antimicrobial active products, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, antistatics, ironing auxiliaries, foaming agents and impregnating agents, bleaching agents, acidifying agents and / or UV

In a preferred embodiment, the granulate core according to the invention contains one or more active products intended for skin conditioning and / or skin protectors and / or for skin healing.

In a preferred embodiment, the agents according to the invention are characterized in that the active products intended for conditioning the skin and / or protecting the skin and / or healing the skin, which are contained in the core, which are released during the washing process, preferably at the rinsing stage, migrate, at least in part, on the fibers of the washed textile article and remain, at least in part, on them, even once The washing process has been completed, being released on the skin, at least in part, by the textile article this active product intended for the conditioning of the skin and / or the protection of the skin and / or the healing of the skin when the skin it comes into contact with said textile article washed in a corresponding manner and in this case they can advantageously spread to the skin.

The granules, in accordance with the invention, may contain ingredients intended for the care and / or final treatment of textile articles. In a preferred embodiment, the proportion by weight of the ingredient that is preferably contained in the core, to carry out the care and / or the final treatment of the textile articles, supposes more than 5% by weight, especially between 20 and 50% by weight, based on the core.

In another preferred embodiment, the granulate according to the invention, preferably the core, contains oligomers, polymers and / or copolymers that release the odor in a delayed manner and / or with delayed biocidal activity, which contain at least once an element structural in accordance with the following formula (1)

image 1

wherein R2, R3 respectively mean, independently of each other, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, straight chain or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, which may respectively contain heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen , sulfur or halogens or others, and in which Ra4 means a hydrocarbon bridge member, which is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, straight chain or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, which may contain heteroatoms respectively such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or halogens or others, the subscript being comprised between 0 and 10, and in which R5, R6, R7 respectively mean, independently of each other, hydrogen or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, of linear or branched chain chain, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, which may contain heteroatoms t ales such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or halogens or others, and in which the silicon located in the extreme position in the formula (I) presents in its three remaining valences, independently of each other, arbitrary remains of the oligomer, of the polymer or of the copolymer , and in which R 1 O represents well a moiety, which is an alkoxy group of an odorizing product and / or which is an alkoxy group of a biocidal product, which is derived from the corresponding alcohol of the odorizing product and / or of the biocidal product R 1 OH, or R1O represents a moiety, which is derived from an ester, a ketone or an enolizable aldehyde of the odorizing product and / or of the biocidal product. Preferably in the granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, which are optionally coated, or in the washing agent of another type, at least one compound is contained which is absorbed on the hard substrate surfaces and / or soft, preferably carrying at least one cationic charge. These oligomers, polymers and / or copolymers that release the odor in a delayed manner, are capable of generating an excellent and long-lasting odor effect on the substrates treated therewith, especially in cooperation with the compounds that are absorbed on the surfaces of substrate and / or soft, preferably bearing at least one cationic charge.

In the sense of the present invention, the concept of "odorizing product" means all those perfuming products or all those products or their mixtures, which are appreciated as smell by humans and which produce a sensation of smell in humans , preferably a pleasant smell sensation. Therefore, the "alcohols of the odorizing products" within the scope of the present invention are odorizing products or perfuming products that have free hydroxyl groups, regardless of how the molecule is structured. In analogy to the above, the esters, ketones, aldehydes of the odorizing products designate those odorizing products that correspondingly have free functionalities of the ester, keto or aldehyde type. This implies that certain molecules, such as, for example, esters of salicylic acid can function within the meaning of this invention, for example, both as an odorizing product alcohol as well as as an odorizing product ester. Correspondingly, alcohol, aldehyde, ester or biocide product ketone shall be understood as meaning all compounds that have the functionality of the alcohol, aldehyde, ester or corresponding ketone functionality and that are capable of at least inhibiting Germ growth. Biocides are those compounds that at least partially inhibit the growth of germs or that destroy, in accordance with each particular case, a broad spectrum of organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects.

The terms "alkoxy group of odorizing product" and, respectively, "alkoxy group of biocidal product" are explained by what has been said above, in this case being the corresponding anions of the respective alcohols of the odorizing products and, respectively, of the alcohols of the biocidal products, which are produced by elimination of a hydrogen atom.

It has already been described that the agents, according to the invention, contain in one preferred embodiment one or more active products intended for skin conditioning and / or skin protection and / or skin healing.

Active products intended for skin conditioning are all those active products that provide the skin with a sensory and / or cosmetic advantage. The active products intended for skin conditioning are preferably chosen from the following substances: a) waxes such as, for example, carnauba wax, spermaceti, wax

of bees, lanolin and / or derivatives thereof and others, b) hydrophobic plant extracts, c) hydrocarbons such as squalene and / or squalane, d) higher fatty acids, preferably those with, at least 12

carbon atom, for example lauric acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, isostearic acid and / or polyunsaturated fatty acids and others ,

e) higher fatty alcohols, preferably those with at least 12 carbon atoms, for example lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cholesterol and / or 2-hexadecanol and others,

f) esters, preferably those such as cetyl octanoate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl adipate , butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol isostearate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol distearate, glycerol triestearate, alkyl lactates, alkyl citrates and / or alkyl tartrates and others,

g) lipids, such as, for example, cholesterol, ceramides and / or esters of sucrose and others,

h) vitamins such as, for example, vitamins A and E, alkyl esters of vitamins, including alkyl esters of vitamin C and others,

i) sun protection agents, j) phospholipids, k) alpha-hydroxy acid derivatives l) perfume products, m) germicides for cosmetic use, both synthetic and, for example,

salicylic acid and / or others as well as natural ones such as for example the

Neem oil and / or others. n) silicones, as well as mixtures of the components that have been mentioned above.

In a preferred embodiment, the granules contain both active products intended for the conditioning of the skin and / or the protection of the skin and / or the healing of the skin, as well as, softening quaternary ammonium compounds of the textile articles, preferably esterquats. The active products intended for skin protection and / or skin healing are those active products that provide an advantage to the skin that goes beyond a simple sensory and / or cosmetic advantage.

The concept of skin healing or the healing attribute of the skin can be defined, in the context of this invention, in the simplest case by means of the state of healthy human skin. Healthy human skin is characterized in that it provides, through its intact acid cover, sufficient protection against microorganisms, against germs and against pathogenic germs, because its buffer capacity and its ability to neutralize alkalis is sufficient to combat harmful effects of the surrounding fluids, because there is a wide absence of redness and because there is an absence of skin damage such as cuts, friction and burns, irritations, inflammations and allergies, as well as because the skin is not torn Nor is it resected. On the other hand, healthy skin is characterized in that it exerts a function of deposit for fat, water and blood and an important role in metabolism. When the skin is not able to perform the functions that have been mentioned above or when it shows obvious deterioration, or when an itching occurs on the skin, it can no longer be considered healthy. The healing effect of the skin in the scope of the present invention is now everything that heals the skin, bringing it to its original state. In this case, everything that stimulates, trains, helps and favors the self-regulating forces of the skin in such a way, that the skin is capable of fulfilling its functions, also has a healing effect on the skin, since it returns to its state of natural balance. On the other hand, it is understood by the concept of skin healing in the context of this invention all the effects that lead to at least alleviate, even if they do not even lead to the cure of obvious skin diseases such as eczema, rashes, redness, itching, inflammation, blistering, exudation, scabs in the most diverse manifestations.

In turn, the concept of skin protection will be understood as everything that is necessary for the preservation of the usual capacity of the skin in terms of its functions under specific load situations and that go beyond its own protection mechanisms. In this way, this concept clearly differs from the concept of skin conditioning, since skin conditioning only achieves a cosmetic use in terms of sensory needs, for example in terms of softness or to brightness under normal conditions. However, the protection of the skin supports the skin with additional agents, which help the skin for example even under unfavorable conditions, to fulfill its multiple functions. Such unfavorable conditions may be, for example, friction, cold, heat, UV irradiation, aggressive surrounding liquids, contact with skin irritating materials. In a preferred embodiment at least one of the active products with skin healing effect and / or with skin protective effect contained in the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, has an effect antiseptic or contains, at least, a product with antiseptic activity, the product being constituted with antiseptic activity preferably by an oil, especially by an etheric oil.

In the context of this invention, an effect that is suitable for the self-regulation forces of human skin is indicated by the attribute of the antiseptic activity. This activity should not be compared in its manifestation with that of the germ-destroying agents or classic germicides such as, for example, phenols, halogens, alcohols with which skin wounds and skin wounds are treated, for example. the mucous membranes or even medicinal instruments to get an asepsis (absence of germs).

Classical antisepsis includes antimicrobial measures at the starting point either at the entrance door of a possible infection or at the site of infection on the body surface.

However, strong activity of this type is not intended in the context of the invention since it would certainly lead to the elimination of such harmful or similar germs but would also harm the natural skin flora of human beings.

The special advantage of the active products of antiseptic action, which can be used in accordance with the invention, is produced as a consequence of a synergistic cooperation of these substances with the general functioning mechanisms of the human skin, since this reduces the substances of mild antiseptic action, for example germs, among which harmful germs but does not destroy them completely, that is to say that it does not produce an absence of germs. Therefore, a sufficient number of germs that are sufficient to train and, therefore, to strengthen the self-regulating forces of human skin remain on the skin. The mechanisms of the general functioning of the skin are favored through the cooperation of the self-regulating forces of the skin with the antiseptic capacity of the active products, which are contained in the agent. This has great significance precisely in regard to skin already irritated and / or otherwise damaged. In the case of skin already irritated and / or sensitized and / or otherwise impaired or especially sensitive, the self-regulating forces of the skin are no longer partly able, even if only temporarily, to ensure health. of the skin by its own strength. In the case of synergistic cooperations with agents in accordance with the invention and their use in accordance with the invention, these self-regulating forces are aided, trained and reinforced. Thus, the washing agent according to the invention, or the laundry treated therewith, favors the natural skin flora of human beings.

In order not to negatively influence the natural skin flora of humans, it is advantageous to exclude those products (widely) that certainly have a potent disinfectant or antiseptic activity, such as, for example, glutaroaldehyde but that, at the same time, They have a high allergic potential and are irritating to the skin as well as to the mucous membranes.

Unexpectedly, the optionally coated granules of such an embodiment are especially useful for their purpose when the product with antiseptic activity is an oil, preferably an etheric oil.

This oil with antiseptic activity is preferably constituted by an etheric oil, which is specially chosen from the group consisting of Angelica fine -Angelica archangelica, anise -Pimpinella Anisum, Benzoe siam -Styrax tokinensis, cabreuva -Myrocarpus fastigiatus, cajeput - Melaleuca leucadendron, Cistrose -Cistrus ladaniferus, balsam of copaiba -Copaifera reticulata, cost root -Saussurea discolor, spruce -Abies alba, elemi -Canarium luzonicum, fennel -Foeniculum sweet Fichtennadel -Picea graveus, Geranium hoe-leaves, Geranium hoe-leaves -Cinnamonum camphora, Immortelle (yellow amaranth) Helichrysum ang., Extra Ingwer -Zingiber off., Hypericon grass - Hypericum perforatum, jojoba, German chamomile - Matricaria recutita, Kamille blau fine -Matricaria chamomilla, Roman chamomile -Anthemis nobilis, wild chamomile -Ormensis multicaulis, carrot -Daucus carota, black pine -Pinus mugho, lavandina -Lavendula hybrida, Litsea Cubeba - (May Chang), manuka -Leptospermum scoparium, melissa -Melissa officinalis, maritime pine -Pinus pinaster -mirra -Commiphora molmol, myrtle -Myrtus communis, Neem -lila, Niaouli - (MQV) Melaleuca quin. viridiflora, palmarrosa -Cymbopogom martini, patchouli -Pogostemon patschuli, balsam of Peru -Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae, raventsara aromatica, rosewood -Aniba rosae odora, sage -Salvia officinalis Schachtelhalm -Equisetaceae, Extra Schafgarbe -Achillea millefolia, snake tongue -Plantago lanceolata, styrax -Liquidambar orientalis, African carnation (marigold) Tagetes patéula tree -Melaleuca alternifolia, Tolú balm -Myroxylon Balsamum L., Virginia cedar -Juniperus virginiana, incense (Olibanum) -Boswellia carteri, white fir -Abies alba.

Another advantage of the etheric oils that have been designated above, is in their special multifunctionality, which results from a plurality of other desirable organoleptic properties, together with the mild antiseptic activity described, which should be attributed precisely to these oils. In this case, these oils are attributed, in most cases, with a clearing effect on the mucous membranes since they exert a mild positive stimulus on the mucous membranes of the respiratory organs. On the other hand a desirable heat effect can be established. Deodorant effects, pain relievers, blood flow enhancers, tranquilizers in combination with the use in accordance with the invention of these designated oils have been observed and have been recognized as especially advantageous. In this case, the organoleptic properties of these oils are not generally marked by the main components, but by secondary components or by trace components, which are often present in several hundred and sometimes act synergistically. . Another advantage in relation to the aforementioned oils consists in the pleasant smell and the harmonizing perfume, which emerges from them, which in many cases leads to a positive sensation in humans.

Thus, a corresponding washing agent, or the laundry, which has been washed therewith, supports, for example, not only the natural skin flora of human beings but also provides the human organism with additional advantages of the type that already It has been described.

Starting from this base, especially the essence of the tea tree is especially advantageous for the purpose of the invention. In addition to its considerable germ-destroying effect, antiseptic, fungicide, antiviral, curative, inflammation inhibitor, healing aid, it has excellent skin compatibility and offers a wide range of application, for example in regard to to the auxiliary treatment of cooling diseases or diseases of rheumatic etiology, arthritis, muscle aches.

In a preferred embodiment, the skin protective active products, which are contained in the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, are constituted by a skin protective oil. The skin protective product is advantageously constituted by a skin protective oil, for example it is also constituted by an excipient oil, especially chosen from the group of the algae oil Oleum Phaeophyceae, Aloe-Vera Aloe vera oil brasiliana, apricot oil Prunus armeniaca, Arnica montana arnica oil, Persea americana avocado oil, Borago officinalis borage oil, Calendula officinalis calendula oil, Camellia oleifera camellia oil, Carthamus tinctorius distel oil, Arachis hypogaea peanut oil, oil hemp Cannabis sativa, hazelnut oil Corylus hazelnut, carob oil Hypericum perforatum, jojoba oil Simondsia chinensis, carrot oil Daucus carota, coconut oil Cocos nucifera, pumpkin oil Curcubita pepo, cumin oil Aleurites moluccana, walnut oil of macadamia Macadamia ternifolia, almond oil Prunus dulcis, olive oil Olea europaea, peach oil Prunus persica, rapeseed oil Brassica oleifera, castor oil Ricinus communis, false cumin oil Nigella sativa, sesame oil Sesamium indicum, sunflower oil Helianthus annus, grape seed oil Vitis vinifera, walnut oil Juglans regia, Triticum sativum wheat oil, borage oil, hemp oil and almond oil being especially preferred among them.

All the oils that have just been indicated are natural emollients, that is agents that make the body tissue softer and more flexible and that prevent skin roughness. Therefore, these oils act, on the one hand, so that they clean the skin. On the other hand, these oils have other specific effects, which entail a synergistic cooperation with the skin and its self-regulating forces and which enable protection even under unfavorable conditions. An especially preferred oil within the meaning of this invention is, for example, hemp oil. Hemp oil, which has a high proportion of essential fatty acids and which also contains up to 6% by weight, including the valuable γ-linolenic acid (GLA), also acts as an inhibitor of inflammations, slightly soothing pains, healing, conditioning, improving the structure of the skin, preventing signs of old age. This oil improves the processes of renewal in the tissue and exerts a highly regenerating effect on the injured tissues. Likewise, hemp oil can increase the conditioning properties or other properties of other oils, especially all the oils that have been explicitly mentioned herein. Since essential fatty acids participate in a decisive way in maintaining the skin's barrier function, since they help regulate and normalize the loss of transepidermal water through the skin, hemp oil can be assigned a special role within the meaning of this invention as a consequence of its high GLA content, since a local treatment with GLA leads to the strongest reduction of transepidermal water loss in the case of a disturbed transepidermal water loss. On the other hand, hemp oil has other positive effects on the organism of human beings in what refers to arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, reaching cardiac discomfort.

An oil also preferred in the sense of this invention is borage oil.

This oil has properties and advantages comparable to those of hemp oil as a result of its high GLA content (up to 25% by weight inclusive).

In a preferred embodiment, the agents according to the invention contain curative active products of the skin, which have a minimum content of 0.1% by weight in GLA, preferably of 0.3% by weight, especially preferably 0.5% by weight, based on the corresponding active product. These include, for example, fake cumin oil, Echium oil, Trichoderma oil, enotera oil as well as blackcurrant seed oil.

An equally preferred oil is almond oil. This oil is characterized in that it can reinforce the effect of other oils, which is advantageously used in combination with other oils.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous to combine various oils in the granules, that is to say it is advantageous to combine those that have antiseptic activity with those that have skin protective activity or even combine those that have activity to each other. antiseptic and those with protective skin activity.

In a preferred embodiment, the agents according to the invention contain at least 1% by weight, preferably contain at least 5% by weight, especially preferably contain at least 10% % by weight, most particularly preferably contain at least 15% by weight of one or more active products or oils or skin protective and / or skin healing etheric oils, being even more advantageous than it is contained even at least 20% by weight, especially even more than 25% by weight, in the most preferred case even more than 30% by weight of one or more active products or oils or either etheric oils that are protective of the skin and / or curative of the skin, respectively referred to the agent as a whole (ie the granulate that can be obtained in accordance with the invention).

In a preferred embodiment they are contained in the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, additionally urea and / or lactic acid and / or citric acid and / or its salts.

Urea favors the health of the skin since it can act as an antimicrobial, water binder, itching of the pruritus, detachment of the skin scales, skin smoothing as well as can inhibit excessive cell growth. On the other hand, urea can serve the skin as a factor in maintaining moisture, that is, urea can help the skin store moisture.

Lactic acid and / or citric acid and / or its salts serve, among other things, to support either to renew the natural acid protective layer or the natural hydrolipid film of the skin. The hydrolipid film of the skin is attacked or destroyed by alkaline agents, resulting in a loss of the skin's barrier function in such a way that microorganisms or that harmful products can easily penetrate the skin. By means of lactic acid and / or acetic acid, which are preferably contained in the agents according to the invention, residual alkalinity from clothing can be eliminated, for example, and the pH value of the textile articles in a pH range close to 5. In this case the additional lactic acid, which is still an integral part of the epidermis, also acts as a stabilizer on the acid value of the skin's pH (pH approximately 5.2) and serves as a factor for the maintenance of moisture, since the ability of the skin to bind water can be improved. On the other hand, lactic acid has a smoothing action on the skin and favors the shedding of skin scales.

In addition to the special moisture maintenance factors, which have been cited, the agents according to the invention may contain, in a preferred embodiment, other factors for the maintenance of moisture, for example those chosen from the following groups: amino acids, chitosan or chitosan salts / derivatives, ethylene glycol, glucosamine, glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, uric acid, honey and hardened honey, creatinine, dissociation products of collagen, lactitol, polyols and polyol derivatives (for example, butylene glycol, erythrite, propylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanotriol, polyethylene glycols such as PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), pyrrolidoncarboxylic acid, sugars and saccharic derivatives (for example fructose, glucose, maltose, maltitol, handyman, inosite, sorbitol, sorbitilsilanodiol, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, xylite, glucuronic acid and its salts), ethoxylated sorbitol (Sorbeth-6, Sorbeth-20, Sorbeth-30, Sorbeth-40), hardened starch hydrolysates as well such as mixtures of hardened wheat protein and PEG-20-acetate copolymers, especially panthenol.

In a preferred embodiment, the active products with skin protective and / or skin healing and / or skin conditioning action, which are preferably contained in the granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, they are reversibly fixed on a polymeric support, preferably on an ester of the silicic acid in such a way that a delayed release of the skin-protective and / or skin-healing active products is possible.

Therefore, in this case the active curative products of the skin and / or skin protectors and / or skin conditioning are fixed, for example, through reversible adsorption forces on a polymer support, in given case with concomitant action of surfactants in such a way that delayed release of curative active products is possible. This is especially advantageous since, in this way, an even longer lasting effect can be achieved which is useful, first and foremost, for those consumers with especially irritated skin. Since the substances of curative and / or protective and / or conditioning action are released on the skin continuously for a prolonged period of time, for example in a relatively small dosage, it is possible to intervene in support of the balance, especially sensitive, of the self-regulating forces of heavily irritated skin, in a very careful way. In this case, the effect of the active substances is so mild that, despite their activity, they do not overload the already heavily irritated skin in any way.

Especially preferred polymeric supports belong to the class of silicic acid esters. However, they can also be the other imaginable supports with the only condition that they allow a delayed release of the active product and that in this case they have no negative or irritating influence on the skin as long as they are used in the sense of invention.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granulate core material, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, contains one or more of the ingredients chosen from

(n)

tower powders (spray-dried products), which contain, for example, mixtures of thermally stable ingredients of washing or cleaning agents,

(or)

carbonates, such as, preferably sodium carbonate,

(p)

hydrogen carbonates, especially alkaline and / or alkaline earth hydrogen carbonates,

(q)

sulfates, especially alkali and / or alkaline earth sulfates,

(r)

mixtures of anionic surfactants (comprising, for example, sulfates of fatty alcohols, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, αolefinasulfonates and / or ester sulphonates such as, in particular, methyl estersulfonates and / or their mixtures),

(s)

bleach activators, such as, in particular, N, N, N ', N'tetraacetylethylenediamine,

(t)

citrates, preferably alkaline and / or alkaline earth citrates, especially Na, K and / or Mg citrate, Structuring products (mixtures), such as, preferably, the

zeolite (mixtures) and / or polycarboxylate (mixtures).

It represents a preferred embodiment of the invention the use of granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, containing at least one skin protective and / or skin healing active product to carry to obtain a washing agent with medicinal activity intended for the ennoblement of textile articles for the supportive treatment of the skin of irritated and / or sensitized and / or ill human beings as well as for the prophylactic treatment of healthy skin .

A preferred embodiment of the invention represents the use of at least one skin protective and / or skin healing active product intended to obtain an additive with medicinal action in the form of granules, which can be obtained from in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, for washing agents intended for the ennoblement of textile articles for the supportive treatment of the skin of irritated and / or sensitized and / or diseased humans as well as for the prophylactic treatment of healthy skin.

Similarly, the invention relates to the use of a washing agent according to the invention, which has granules, optionally coated, in a process for washing clothes or in a machine washing process.

- 70 A washing process of this type is characterized in accordance with a preferred embodiment because these granules are not essentially removed from the washing machine during the washing process during the pumping discharge stages and are deposited on the casting during the washing process, preferably in the course of the pumping discharge stages. Thus, it could be observed, advantageously, when a washing agent according to the invention is used with certain granules capable of floating, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, in a laundry process by usual machine, that the agents according to the invention have been deposited in a perfectly visible manner on the laundry when the washing program is interrupted after the main washing step and immediately before rinsing and a visual inspection is carried out of the laundry in the drum of the washing machine. At the time of carrying out this observation, the washing bath has been widely discharged by pumping the machine, which is soiled as a result of the cleaning process and the laundry is soaked in the washing drum or in the washing chamber . Even if certain granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, can theoretically be discharged by pumping with the wash bath, since they pass through many small holes of a washing drum, for example from the in view of their size, the determined granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, remain on the laundry essentially in the washing drum, preferably as a reservoir when the use according to the invention is carried out according to this preferred embodiment. In the same way it could be observed that when the washing machine is closed again, once this optical observation of the laundry has been carried out, and when the rinsing step is continued, the determined granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, they have dissolved in the rinse bath, once the rinse stage is completed and before the centrifugation stage begins. When the washing machine is opened immediately after it is finished

the rinsing stage and before the spinning stage is started and an optical evaluation of the soaked laundry is carried out, in this particular embodiment these granules can no longer be recognized on the laundry, which can be obtained from according to the invention, optionally coated.

In the same way, the invention relates to a washing process in a commercially used washing machine, in which a washing agent according to the invention is introduced into the washing machine, which contains granules, optionally coated, and the washing machine is placed in contact with water and with the laundry, preferably in such a way that the washing agent is introduced into the water inlet chamber of the commercial washing machine and is dragged with water to the water chamber. washing or until the washing drum and a usual washing program is allowed to develop, preferably maintaining the coating, insofar as it is present, of the coated granules contained their integrity in whole or in part during the water drag of the washing agent as well as during the prewash stage and during the initial stages of the main wash stage, however losing their integrity see sharply in the final stages of the main washing stage and / or in the rinsing stage.

In a preferred embodiment of the process the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, which are contained in the washing agent, are not removed from the washing machine during the washing process essentially during the course of the processes of elimination by pumping but are deposited on the laundry preferably in the final stages of the washing process, especially during the stages of discharge by pumping.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the granules formed (as the end product of the process) optionally coated, have essentially an average form factor of at least 0.79, preferably at least 0.81 , advantageously at least 0.83, even more advantageously at least 0.85, especially at least 0.87. In this case, the expression "essentially" especially means that at least 80%, preferably at least 90% and, even more advantageously, that at least 95% of the granules formed have the factor so that it has just been cited. In the case of the granules formed, it is preferably the whole formed by the selected grain, by the grain that is retained by the sieve and by the grain that passes through the sieve (fine parts), which demonstrates that the part that is retained by the sieve and the part that passes through the sieve (fine parts) are preferably negligible.

The form factor in the sense of the present invention can be determined precisely by means of modern technologies for the measurement of particles with digital image processing. A typical analysis of the shape of the particles, such as that which can be carried out, for example, with the Camsizer®-System device of the Retsch Technology firm or even with the KeSizer® device of the Kemira firm, is based on the fact that the particles or either in that the bulk product is irradiated with a light source and the particles are detected as projection surfaces, digitized and subjected to a computer processing. The determination of the surface curvature is carried out by means of an optical measurement procedure, in which the "shadow projection" of the analyzed parts is determined and transformed into a corresponding form factor. The basic principle for the determination of the form factor has been described, for example, by Gordon Rittenhouse in the publication "A visual method of estimating two-dimensional sphericity" in the Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 13, Nr .2, pages 79-81.

The measurement limits of this optical analysis procedure are 15 and, respectively, 90 mm. The numerical values for d50 and d90 can also be obtained by means of the measurement procedure mentioned above.

Preferably, in this case the granulate according to the invention may contain all the necessary or usual components in general for a washing and / or cleaning process in such a way that such a granulate represents itself already an autonomous washing and / or cleaning agent, complete and capable of exercising its function. A granulate for washing and / or cleaning agent, formed in accordance with the invention, is therefore

However, it is also preferred, in the same way, that the granulate according to the invention contains only a certain component or several determined components of the washing and / or cleaning agent. Such a granulate, formed in accordance with the invention, would not then be a self-contained washing and / or cleaning agent, complete and capable of exercising its function, but, on the contrary, would be a component of the washing agent and / or cleaning. A granulate of this type would then have to be mixed with the other usual components, which are necessary for the formation of a washing agent and / or complete cleaning agent. In said case it is preferred that at least 2 or more granules, formed in accordance with the invention, be combined to form a washing and / or cleaning agent and that the resulting full washing and / or cleaning agent be constituted only with these granules, formed in accordance with the invention, the various granules preferably having different colors.

Within the scope of the present invention, the concept of granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, also includes those granules of washing and / or cleaning agents, that is to say both washing agents and / or complete cleaning as well as the components of the washing and / or cleaning agents.

Another object of the present invention is the use of the process, in accordance with the invention, for transforming mixtures of various components in powder form or fine grain form in the sector of washing and cleaning agents, for example the usual commercial washing and / or cleaning agents, in granules provided with a coating (optional).

In this way the ennoblement of the traditional washing agents is achieved to give presentation forms of high qualitative value with a controllable release of the active product, with delayed effect and with unique optical quality.

Certainly neither the process, in accordance with the invention, nor the agents, in accordance with the invention, are basically limited to the sector of washing and cleaning agents, but such agents and / or processes represent especially preferred embodiments of the invention. Therefore, reference will now be made more precisely to the possible ingredients of the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, that is to say the granules of the washing agents and / or coated cleaning (granules).

The components, which are contained in the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules), which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, are preferably chosen from the group comprising the surfactants, the odorizing products, dyes, structuring products, products for adjusting the pH value, bleaching agents, bleaching activators, dirt repellent substances, optical brighteners, grating inhibitors, auxiliary agents the disintegration, the usual ingredients and / or mixtures thereof. On the other hand, also all other ingredients of the washing and / or cleaning agents, which have not been explicitly mentioned herein, but which, however, are known to the person skilled in the art by the state of the art , may be components in the usual amounts of the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules), to be obtained in accordance with the invention.

In particular, some components of the washing and / or cleaning agents especially suitable in accordance with the invention are explained in greater detail below. These components may be contained in the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules) themselves and / or they may be contained in corresponding mixtures, which are also provided, if appropriate, to the granules of the washing agents and / or of cleaning (granules) as long as this is necessary, to obtain a washing agent and / or complete cleaning agent. All the components indicated below are contained in a purely optional manner, but may be preferably contained.

As surfactants, they can be used to obtain the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules) in accordance with the invention, anionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or non-ionic surfactants.

For example, anionic surfactants such as sulphonates and sulfates can be used. The sulfonate type surfactants in this case preferably include alkylbenzenesulfonates having 9 to 13 carbon atoms, olefin sulphonates, that is mixtures consisting of alkenesulfonates and hydroxyalkanesulfonates as well as disulfonates, such as those obtained, for example, from monoolefins with 12 to 18 carbon atoms with double bond located at the end or inside the chain, by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and then alkaline or acid hydrolysis of sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates, which are obtained from alkanes with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, by means of sulfocloration or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, esters of α-sulfograse acids (estersulfonates) are also suitable, for example, α-sulphonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids. In the same way, sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid, are suitable in small amounts, preferably in amounts not exceeding about 2 to 3% by weight. Especially preferred are alkyl esters of the α-sulfogase acids, which have an alkyl chain with no more than 4 carbon atoms in the ester group, for example the methyl ester, the ethyl ester, the propyl ester and the butyl ester. Particularly advantageous are the methyl esters of α-sulfograses acids (MES), as well as their saponified disals.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulphited glycerin esters of fatty acids. Monoesters, diesters and tri-esters as well as mixtures thereof are understood as fatty acid glycerin esters, as well as those obtained in the case of obtaining by means of an esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerin. The sulphited glycerin esters of the preferred fatty acids in this case are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example capronic acid, caprylic acid, caprinic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

Alkaline salts and, preferably, sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of the fatty alcohols with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of the fatty alcohols of coconut, tallow fatty alcohols, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol or oxoalcohols with 10 to 20 carbon atoms and those semi esters of secondary alcohols with these chain lengths. On the other hand, alkyl (en) yl sulfates with the aforementioned chain lengths, which contain a straight-chain, synthetic alkyl, prepared on a petrochemical basis, having a degradation behavior similar to that of suitable base compounds are preferred of the raw materials of fat chemistry.

Other fatty acids derived from amino acids include, for example, N-methyltaurine (taurides) and / or N-methylglycine (sarcosides). In this case, sarcosides or sarcosinates are especially preferred, and in this case, above all, the sarcosinates of the higher fatty acids and, where appropriate, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated ones such as oleyl sarcosinate.

Other so-called surfactants are considered, especially soaps. Saturated fatty acid soaps such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid are suitable, as well as, in particular, mixtures of soaps derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut fatty acids, palm kernels or tallow.

Anionic surfactants, including soaps, may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts as well as in the form of soluble salts of organic bases, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine. Preferably, the anionic surfactants are in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of their sodium salts.

The anionic surfactants may be contained in the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, to be obtained in accordance with the invention, preferably in amounts between 1 and 30% by weight and, especially, in amounts between 5 and 25% by weight.

- 77 Alkyl esters of the alkoxylated fatty acids, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially methyl esters, can also be used in the same manner. of fatty acids. As non-ionic surfactants, methyl esters of fatty acids with 12 to 18 carbon atoms with an average of 3 to 15 EO are preferred, especially with an average of 5 to 12 EO. In particular, methyl esters of fatty acids with 12 to 18 carbon atoms with 10 to 12 EO can be used as surfactants. Another class of non-ionic surfactants, which can be advantageously employed to carry out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules), are alkyl polyglycosides (APG). The alkyl polyglycosides that can be used comply with the general formula RO (G) z, in which R means a linear or branched aliphatic moiety, especially branched with methyl in position 2, saturated or unsaturated, with 8 to 22, of preferably with 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol that represents a glycan unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably represents glucose. The degree of glycosylation z is in this case between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and, in particular, between 1.1 and 1.4. In the same way, non-ionic surfactants of the type of amine oxides, according to the invention, may be suitable for carrying out the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules) in accordance with the invention. for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl oxide, N-dihydroxyethylamine, and of the alkanolamide type of fatty acids. As other surfactants for carrying out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules), the so-called geminal surfactants are considered. In general, this concept is understood to mean those compounds that have two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups per molecule. These groups are generally separated from each other by means of a so-called "spacer". This spacer is, as a rule, a carbon chain that must be sufficiently long as

so that the hydrophilic groups have a sufficient separation so that they can act independently of each other. Such surfactants are characterized, in general, by an extraordinarily low critical micellar concentration and by their ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of water. In exceptional cases, the expression of geminal surfactants will be understood not only as dimer surfactants, but also as trimer surfactants. The geminal surfactants for carrying out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules) are, for example, mixed sulfated or bis-sulfate hydroxyethers and bis-ether sulfates of alcohols dimers and tris-sulfates and tris-ether sulfates of trimer alcohols. Mixed dimer and closed trimer ethers in the extreme groups are especially characterized by their bifunctionality and their multifunctionality. Thus, the aforementioned closed surfactants in the end groups have good wetting properties and in this case they generate little foam in such a way that they are especially suitable for use in mechanical washing and / or cleaning procedures. The granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention (granules) may contain, by way of structuring product or by way of adjuvant, all structuring products, which are employed in a manner usual in the washing and / or cleaning agents, especially in the washing agents and, therefore, especially zeolites, silicates, carbonates, sodium carbonate, organic adjuvants and also phosphates. To avoid particulate residue on textile articles, it is especially advantageous to use adjuvants that are totally soluble in water, such as sodium carbonate or the like.

Suitable sodium silicates, in stratified form, crystalline, have the general formula NaMSixO2x + 1 H2O, in which M means sodium or hydrogen, x means a number between 1.9 and 4 and y means a number between 0 and 20 and the values of 2, 3 or 4 being preferred for x. The preferred crystalline layered silicates of the indicated formula are those in which M means sodium and x takes the values of 2 or 3. Sodium β-disilicates as well as sodium δ-disilicates Na2Si2O5 are especially preferred. and H2O.

- 79 In the same way, amorphous sodium silicates with a Na2O: SiO2 module between 1: 2 and 1: 3.3 can be used, preferably between 1: 2 and 1: 2.8 and, in a manner special, between 1: 2 and 1: 2.6. Amorphous silicates are especially preferred. A zeolite that can be used, finely crystalline, synthetic and containing bound water is preferably zeolite A and / or P. Zeolite P is preferred as MAP® zeolite (commercial product of Crosfield). However, zeolite X as well as mixtures formed by A, X and / or P are also preferred. It can also be purchased commercially and can be used preferentially within the scope of the present invention, for example a co-crystallized zeolite X and for zeolite A (approximately 80% by weight of zeolite X), which is marketed by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the trade name VEGOBOND AX® and corresponding to the formula:

nNa2O · (1-n) K2O · Al2O3 · (2-2.5) SiO2 · (3.5-5.5) H2O,

Suitable zeolites preferably have an average particle size of less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain from 18 to 22% by weight, especially from a 20 to 22% by weight of bound water.

The zeolite content of the granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention, assumes in accordance with a preferred embodiment, up to 60% by weight inclusive, advantageously up to 40% by weight inclusive, in a more advantageous up to 30% by weight inclusive, and may be even more advantageous when a maximum of 15% by weight is contained, preferably a maximum of 12% by weight, especially a maximum of 10% by weight, respectively referred to the anhydrous active substance, for example from 1 to 8% by weight or from 0 to 5% by weight. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the granules that can be obtained in accordance with the invention are free of zeolite.

Obviously, it is also possible to use phosphates known in general as adjuvant substances as long as such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons. Especially suitable are the sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and, especially, of tripolyphosphates. Preferably, the granules according to the invention not only have a low zeolite content but also have a low phosphate content. Thus, the phosphate content advantageously assumes a maximum of 15% by weight, preferably it assumes a maximum of 12% by weight, in particular it assumes a maximum of 10% by weight, for example it is comprised between 1 and 8% by weight or between 0 and 5% by weight. Those granules that are free of both zeolite as well as phosphate are very particularly preferred.

As organic adjuvants they can be contained in the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention, especially polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylates polymers, asparagineic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic adjuvants (see below) as well as phosphonates. These kinds of products are described below.

The organic structuring substances that can be used are, for example, polycarboxylic acids that can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood as those polycarboxylic acids that carry more than one acidic function. By way of example, these acids are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, saccharic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, acid nitrilotriacetic (NTA), as long as such employment is not questionable for ecological reasons, as well as mixtures thereof. Preferred salts are salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, saccharic acids and mixtures thereof.

In the same way, acids can be used as such. The acids have, in addition to their adjuvant effect, typically also the property of an acidifying component and, therefore, also serve to carry out the adjustment of a low and medium pH value of the washing agents and / or cleaning. In this case, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and arbitrary mixtures thereof should be mentioned in a special way.

- 81 Likewise, polymer polycarboxylates are suitable as adjuvants, these being, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight between 500 and 70,000 g / mol . The molecular weights indicated for the polymeric polycarboxylates are, in the sense of this description, average molecular weights in weight Mw of the corresponding acidic form, which have been determined basically by means of a gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a detector UV The measurement was carried out in this case against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values as a result of its structural relationship with the polymers analyzed. These indications clearly deviate from the molecular weight indications, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as the standard. Molecular weights, measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids, are, as a rule, clearly greater than the molecular weights given in this description. Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight between 2,000 and 20,000 g / mol. As a result of their better solubility, short chain polyacrylates, which have molecular weights between 2,000 and 10,000 g / mol and, especially, between 3,000 and 5,000 g / mol, may be preferred for this reason. On the other hand, copolymer polycarboxylates are suitable, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and those of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, containing from 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and from 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid, have been proved especially suitable. Their relative molecular weights, based on free acids, are generally between 2,000 and 70,000 g / mol, preferably between

20,000 and 50,000 g / mol and, especially, between 30,000 and 40,000 g / mol.

Similarly, biodegradable polymers consisting of more than two different monomeric units are especially preferred, for example those containing monomeric salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or derivatives of vinyl alcohol or containing title of monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylsulfonic acids as well as saccharic derivatives.

Other preferred copolymers are those, which have as monomers, preferably acrolein and / or acrylic acid / salts of acrylic acid or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

In the same manner, polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursor substances should be cited as other preferred adjuvants. Especially preferred are polyasparaginic acids or their salts and derivatives, which have, in addition to adjuvant properties, also a bleaching stabilizing effect.

Other suitable adjuvant substances are polyacetals, which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polycarboxylic acids, having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde as well as mixtures thereof and from polyolcarboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic adjuvant substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. Hydrolysis can be carried out according to usual procedures, for example acid catalysis or enzymatic catalysis. Preferably, these are hydrolysis products with average molecular weights located in the range between 400 and 500,000 g / mol. In this case, a polysaccharide with an equivalent of dextrose (DE) located in the range between 0.5 and 40, especially between 2 and 30, with DE being a usual measure for the reducing effect of a polysaccharide in comparison is preferred. with dextrose, which has a DE of 100. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrup with a DE between 20 and 37 can be used as well as the so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molecular weights located in the range between 2,000 and 30,000 g / mol.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are constituted by their reaction products with oxidizing agents, which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcoholic function of the saccharide ring to give a carboxylic acid function. A product oxidized in carbon 6 of the saccharide ring can be especially advantageous.

Other suitable adjuvants are also the oxidisuccinates and other derivatives of the disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate. In this case, N, N'-ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. On the other hand, glycerin disuccinates and glycerin trisuccinates are also preferred in this context.

Other organic adjuvants that can be used are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be present in the form of lactone and contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one group hydroxy as well as, at most, two acid groups.

Phosphonates represent another class of substances with adjuvant properties. In this case, it is especially a question of hydroxyalkanophosphonates and, respectively, aminoalkanophosphonates. Among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) has a special significance as an adjuvant. This phosphonate is preferably used in the form of sodium salt, reacting the disodium salt neutrally and reacting the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9). Aminoalkanephosphonates preferably include ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) as well as their higher counterparts. These phosphonates are preferably used in the form of their neutral reaction sodium salts, for example in the form of a hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as a heptasodium salt and as an octasodium salt of DTPMP. As an adjuvant of the phosphonate class, HEDP is preferably used in this case. Aminoalkanephosphonates also have a marked ability to bind with heavy metals. Therefore, it may be preferred, especially when the washing and / or cleaning agents also contain bleaches, use aminoalphanephosphonates, especially DTPMP, or use mixtures formed by the aforementioned phosphonates to carry out the obtaining of the granules.

On the other hand, they can be used as coadjuvants all

- 84 compounds that are capable of complexing with alkaline earth ions. Other adjuvant substances suitable for carrying out the granulation of the washing and / or cleaning agents, in accordance with the invention, are the oxidation products of the polyglucosannes containing carboxyl groups and / or their water soluble salts . In the same way, oxidized oligosaccharides are also suitable. Other adjuvant substances, which are suitable for carrying out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents are polyacetals, which can be obtained by means of the reaction of dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids. , which have from 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde as well as mixtures thereof and from polyolcarboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid. In order to reduce the pH value of the washing and / or cleaning agents, especially the washing agents, the granules, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, may also have acid salts or slightly alkaline salts. In this case, bisulfates and / or bicarbonates or organic polycarboxylic acids are preferred as acidifying components, which, at the same time, can also be used as adjuvant substances. The use of citric acid is especially preferred. The granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, may also have bleaching agents. Among the compounds that serve as bleaching agents, which provide H2O2 in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate have a special significance. Other bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrateperhydrates as well as peracid salts or peracids that supply H2O2, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperoic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. In the same way, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used to obtain the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents (granules, which can be

obtained in accordance with the invention, optionally coated). Typical organic bleaching agents are diacyl peroxides such as, for example, dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxyacids, with particular examples being alkylperoxyacids and arylperoxyacids.

Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its substituted ring derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but can also be used to carry out the granulation according to the invention, peroxy-α acid -naphthoic and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) substituted aliphatic or aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimido-peroxicapronic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamonic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenyl amidopersuccinate, and (c) peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperoxisebacic acid, diperoxybrasilic acid, diperoxyxtallic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-dioic acid, N, N-terephthaloyldi (6-aminopercapronic acid).

As bleaching agents in the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, which can be obtained in accordance with the invention, substances that release chlorine or bromine can also be used. Suitable materials, which release chlorine or bromine, include, for example, Nbromoamides and heterocyclic N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or its salts with cations such as potassium and sodium. Hydantoin compounds, such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, are suitable in the same manner.

The content of bleaching agents may preferably be between 0 and 25% by weight and, in particular, between 1 and 20% by weight, based on the whole granulation composition of the washing agents and / or cleaning that can be obtained in accordance with the invention.

In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect when washing or cleaning is carried out at temperatures of 60 ° C and below this value,

As bleaching activators for carrying out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, compounds which produce under aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids, preferably with 1 to 10 atoms, can be used under perhydrolysis conditions carbon, especially with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or if necessary substituted perbenzoic acid. Substances bearing O-acyl and / or N-acyl groups with the indicated number of carbon atoms and / or substituted benzoyl groups are suitable. Preferred are polycylated alkylenediamines, especially tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially the tetraacetylglycoluryl (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl oxybenzenesulfonate

or of isononanoyl (n-NOBS or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic acid anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2.5 -di-acetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to conventional bleach activators, or instead, so-called bleach catalysts can also be used to carry out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents. These products consist of salts of the transition metals or of transition metal complexes, bleaching enhancers, such as, for example, selenium complexes or carbonyl complexes of Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or of Mo. In the same way, the complexes of Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu with tripod ligands containing N as well as the complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts. Amines of Co, Fe, Cu and Ru.

As bleaching activators they can be used to carry out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents as well as enolyesters as well as acetylated sorbitol and mannitol, acylated saccharic derivatives, especially pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetylfructose, tetraacetylxylose and octaacetylactose as well as acylated glucamine and gluconolactone, where appropriate N-alkylated, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam. In the same way, in order to obtain the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention, hydrophilic substituted acylacetals and hydrophilic substituted acillactams are preferably used.

Especially, on the occasion of the use in machine washing procedures, it may be advantageous to provide the foam inhibitors, and / or cleaning agents, with granules, which are customary. Suitable foam inhibitors are, for example, soaps of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of fatty acids with 18 to 24 carbon atoms. Suitable foam inhibitors, of the non-surfactant type, are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and mixtures thereof with microfine silicic acid, if appropriate silanized, as well as paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and mixtures with silanized silicic acid or bisteailetilendiamide.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules according to the invention, optionally coated, are free of enzymes, which means within the meaning of the invention that they contain less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 25% by weight, advantageously less than 20% by weight, more advantageously less than 15% by weight, even more advantageously less than 10% by weight, also in a manner more advantageous less than 5% by weight of enzymes, referred to the whole of the granulate, optionally coated. However, in particular the granules are completely free of enzymes, that is to say they contain 0% by weight of enzymes referred to the whole of the granulate, optionally coated.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granules, optionally coated, are free of bleach.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, the core and / or the envelope and / or the coating (optional) of the granulate according to the invention, optionally coated, are free of enzymes, which in the sense of invention means that, respectively, the core and / or the envelope and / or the coating contain less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 25% by weight, advantageously less than 20% by weight, of in a more advantageous way less than 15% by weight, even more advantageously less than 10% by weight, in a more advantageous way also less than 5% by weight, especially 0% by weight in enzymes, referred to to the corresponding phase of the granulate, optionally coated. However, it is very preferred that both the core as well as the envelope and also the coating are free of enzymes in the sense just mentioned, especially that they contain respectively 0% by weight of enzymes referred to the whole of the granulate, optionally coated.

However, it is most preferred that, at least, the granule wrap according to the invention, optionally coated, be free of enzymes, which means within the meaning of the invention that the wrapper is less than 30% in weight, preferably less than 25% by weight, advantageously less than 20% by weight, more advantageously less than 15% by weight, even more advantageously less than 10% by weight, of an also more advantageous way less than 5% by weight, especially 0% by weight in enzymes, based on the granulate set, optionally coated.

However, when enzymes must be contained, which corresponds to another preferred embodiment, they are considered as enzymes for carrying out, in accordance with the invention, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents. especially those of the hydrolase classes, such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, glycosylhydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned. All these hydrolases contribute to the removal of dirt such as stains that contain proteins, fats or starches.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the granulate, which is optionally coated, contains enzymes, being completely free of enzymes, advantageously, in accordance with a preferred embodiment on this occasion, 2 phases of the granulate in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, particularly preferably the envelope and the coating (optional), while, on the contrary, advantageously contains the third phase enzyme, preferably the core, especially in amounts greater than 1% by weight, but less than 80% by weight, preferably less than 70% by weight, advantageously less than 60% by weight, more advantageously less than 50% by weight, still more advantageous less than 40% by weight, in another way also more advantageous less than 30% by weight, advantageously less than 20% by weight, even more advantageously It is less than 10% by weight, based on the total mass of the nucleus.

In accordance with the embodiment mentioned above, another object of the invention consists in the use of the granules according to the invention, optionally coated, as enzymatic granules, which preferably have an enzyme-free envelope and / or an enzyme free coating.

To carry out the bleaching, the oxidoreductases may also be used preferentially. To carry out the obtaining of the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, enzymes, which come from bacteria or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus Cinereus and Humicola insolens as well as its enzymatic active products obtained from its genetically modified variants. Proteases of the subtilisin type are preferred and, especially, proteases that are obtained from Bacillus lentus. In this case, enzymatic mixtures, for example constituted by proteases and amylases or by proteases and lipases, or enzymes of lipolytic action or constituted by proteases, amylases and lipases or enzymes of lipolytic action or by proteases, lipases or either lipolytic enzymes, especially mixtures containing proteases and / or lipases, or mixtures with lipolytic enzymes. Examples of such enzymes of lipolytic action are the known cutinases. In the same way, peroxidases or oxidases have proved adequate in some cases. Suitable amylases include, in particular, alpha-amylases, iso-amylases, pululanases and pectinases. In the same way, oxirreductases are suitable.

In order to carry out the obtaining, in accordance with the invention, of the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, cellulases are also considered together with the enzymes that have been mentioned above. Cellulases and other glycosylhydrolases can contribute to the preservation of colors and to the increase of the softness of textile articles by means of the elimination of pellets and microfibrils. Cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and endoglucosidases, which are also called cellobiases, or mixtures thereof are preferably used as cellulases. Since the different types of cellulases are distinguished by their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be adjusted by means of specific cellulase mixtures.

The proportion of enzymes or enzymatic mixtures may be, for example, from about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to about 4.5% by weight, based on granulate assembly, optionally coated, as long as the granules according to the invention should not be free of enzymes, which is preferred.

The granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents, which may be prepared in accordance with the invention, may also contain, where appropriate, phosphonates, also other enzyme stabilizers. For example, the granules of the washing and / or cleaning agents may contain sodium formate. In the same way it is also possible to use proteases, which are stabilized with soluble calcium salts and with a calcium content preferably of approximately 1.2% by weight, based on the enzyme. In the same way, magnesium salts, as well as calcium salts, serve as stabilizers. However, the use of boron compounds, for example boric acid, boron oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates such as salts of orthoboric acid (H3BO3), metabolic acid (HBO2) and of pyroboric acid (tetraboric acid H2B4O7).

Odorizing products may be provided to the granules, to be prepared in accordance with the invention, optionally coated, in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the granules formed and provide the consumer with a typical and unmistakable "washing and / or cleaning agent" "from the sensory point of view in addition to cleaning performance and color printing. As perfuming essences or as odorizing products, compounds of individual perfuming products can be used, for example synthetic products such as esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons. The compounds of perfuming products of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert.butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenyl glycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, stiralyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. Among the ethers include, for example, benzylethyl ethers, among the aldehydes, for example, linear alkanes with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronelal, citronelliloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, among the ketones, for example, the yonones, the α-isomethylyonona and the methylcedrilcetona, among the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, hydrocarbons mainly belong terpenes, such as limonene and pinene. However, preferably mixtures of various perfuming products are used to obtain the optionally coated granules according to the invention, which generate a pleasant smell together. Such perfume scents may also contain mixtures of natural perfume products, such as those obtainable from vegetable sources, for example, pine, lemon, jasmine, patchouly, rose or Ylang-Ylang essence. Similarly, the nutmeg essence, sage essence, chamomile essence, carnation essence, melissa essence, mint essence, cinnamon leaf essence, tila flower essence are suitable , the essence of juniper, the essence of vetiver, the essence of olibanum, the essence of radish and the essence of labdano, as well as the essence of orange buds, neroliol, the essence of orange peel and the essence of wood of sandalwood.

EXAMPLE:

Silicates, sodium carbonate, sulfate, citrate, zeolite, carboxymethylcellulose, Repelotex SRP 4 (ex Rhodia; preparation consisting of polyethylene glycol / polyester, sodium silicoaluminate and sodium sulfate) and the filter powders were dosed on a collecting band. recycle streams (grain that is retained by the sieve and grain that passes through the sieve from the sieving classification after granulation / drying) and from it were sent to a fluidized bed mill.

The mill worked with an air temperature of 38 ° C. The material presented after grinding a d50 of 7 µm, measured in the Camsizer device of Retsch and could then be used as wrapping material for granulation. The humidity of the material decreased as a result of drying and grinding from about 9% by weight of water to about 6.7% by weight of water, based on the whole of the ground wrap material.

As core material (d50 = 0.76 mm), it was classified by sieving and sodium carbonate was used to start the process. Subsequently, an ex granulation / drying granulate has been classified by sieving in the course of the process, consisting of grain that passes through the sieve in mixture with selected grain. In order to obtain the finished product at 100% by weight, which corresponds to 76.8% by weight of selected grain, 17.6% by weight of core material and 109.4 were continuously conducted. % by weight of wrapping material up to the granulation stage, the data referring to 100% by weight of the finished product, that is to a selected grain coated, sprinkled with all the components of the processing (= finished product).

The granulation was carried out in the Lödige plow arm mixer (KM) with a Froude index of 3 by means of the spatially independent contribution of:

•

2% by weight of a 20% aqueous solution of Sokalan,% by weight based on the finished product

•

0.5% by weight of soluble glass solution,% by weight based on the finished product

•

21.0% by weight of a mixture consisting of non-ionic surfactants with Na salts of various acids, specifically two phosphonic acids, fatty acid and ABS acid; neutralized with air supply (neutralization to

- 93 foam) with 4% by weight of a 50% sodium hydroxide bleach,% by weight based on the finished product. Overall, the balance gave an amount of water, contributed in the granulation, of approximately 4.9% by weight. In the fluidized bed approximately 3.5% by weight of water has been removed by drying. The residual amount remains in the product and leads to a water content of approximately B, 1% by weight in the coated finished product, sprinkled,% by weight referred respectively to the finished product. The granulate was then screened and subdivided into selected grain, core material as well as grain that is retained in the sieve and grain that passes through the sieve. As a recycle stream, the grain that is retained by the sieve and the grain that passes through the sieve were used, separated by sieving, this recycle stream was dosed on a collecting belt after pneumatic transport and its sedimentation in the filter and from This tape was sent back to the fluidized bed mill. Thus, in the continuous process, it obtained a composition of the wrapping material, which penetrates the granulation stage, of 55.0% by weight of recycle material and 54.4% by weight of the raw materials that have been mentioned at the beginning (silicates, sodium carbonate, sulfate, etc.),% by weight based on the finished product. The grain selected / passing through the sieve, separated by sieving, was also partly recycled as core material (d50 = 0.76 mm) again until the granulation process. The remaining, unrecycled, selected grain has then been coated with liquid / suspension and with dusting agent. Finally, the final dusting and the formation of the final mixture were carried out. The selected grain presented after screening by screening a d50 of 0.90 mm (+ 16% compared to the core material); before sieving the d50 was 0.83 mm (+ 9.2% compared to the core material). The bulk weight of the selected grain separated by sieving was 610 g / l; of the selected grain form factor, separated by sieving, was 0.88. The determination of the solubility of the selected grain was carried out

in 1,000 ml of water with a hardness of 16ºdH at 30ºC and stirred with a stirrer

of propeller at 800 revolutions / minute for 1.5 minutes. Solid products do not

dissolved have been separated by sieving with a sieve with a mesh width of

0.2 mm The residue was dried until proof of weight and weighed, this residue was of a

3% by weight of the starting substance.

Claims (15)

- 95 1.-Procedure for obtaining washing or cleaning agents, according to which a finer wrapping material is granulated on a core material, characterized in that the raw materials, which are used in the stage of granulation, they are conducted, at least in part, through a drying and grinding installation and presenting the product a diameter d50 that is at least 5% and, at most, 66% greater than the diameter d50 of the core material and at least five times larger than the average diameter (d50) of the wrapping material, which comes from the drying and grinding stage. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulator mixer is operated with Froude indexes between 2 and 10, preferably between 2.5 and 4. 3. Method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the drying and grinding process is carried out in a tubular mill, in an impact mill, in a pin mill, in an oscillating mill, in a hammer mill, in an air jet mill or in a roller mill, preferably in an air whirlmill, especially in a mill that works with carrier gas, with rotating crushing plates. 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the drying and grinding process air is used with a temperature between 15 and 220 ° C, preferably between 25 and 120 ° C and, especially, comprised between 35 and 70 ° C. 5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that several chemically differentiable auxiliary agents for granulation are provided simultaneously or, preferably, preferably in the form of solutions, suspensions, dispersions, foams and / or of (nano) emulsions. 6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a park in the drying and grinding stage, separates from 0.05 to 6% by weight of water, based on the wrapping material. 7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the core material is present with a grain size distribution as uniform as possible, in which the ratio between d50 and d90 is at least 0.50 . 8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that both the grain that passes through the sieve as well as the grain that is retained by the sieve, separated by sieving, are subjected to a drying process and of grinding after the granulation / drying stage and are recycled to the process as part of the wrapping material. 9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the selected grain and / or the grain that passes through the sieve is separated by sieving from the product stream and then fed into the process as core material. 10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that other hydrophilic and / or lipophilic liquids and / or other hydrophilic and / or lipophilic salts are incorporated in the granulation stage in addition to the granulation liquids or liquids. 11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the auxiliary agent for granulation comprises a liquid, consisting of surfactant acids and neutralized adjuvant acids, preferably with a water content below 10% by weight, of advantageous way below 6% by weight, based on the granulate. 12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the auxiliary agent for granulation comprises a solution of polymer products, preferably with a water content below 10% by weight, based on the granulate. 13. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the auxiliary agent for granulation comprises at least one foam. 14. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the granulation step consists of at least one mixer and at least one fluidized bed. 15. Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the granulation stage is constituted by a fast mixer and a slow mixer as well as a fluidized bed.