ES2286816T3 - Lubricacion mejorada a partir de una mezcla de acido borico con aceites y grasas. - Google Patents
Lubricacion mejorada a partir de una mezcla de acido borico con aceites y grasas. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2286816T3 ES2286816T3 ES93916570T ES93916570T ES2286816T3 ES 2286816 T3 ES2286816 T3 ES 2286816T3 ES 93916570 T ES93916570 T ES 93916570T ES 93916570 T ES93916570 T ES 93916570T ES 2286816 T3 ES2286816 T3 ES 2286816T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- boric acid
- lubricating composition
- composition according
- lubricant
- oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/06—Metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/14—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing conjugated diens
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/40—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M107/44—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/02—Carbon; Graphite
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- C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M147/02—Monomer containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
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- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
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- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
- C10M2217/0435—Mannich bases used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/044—Polyamides
- C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
- C10M2217/0453—Polyureas; Polyurethanes used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
- C10M2217/0465—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
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- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
UNA COMPOSICION LUBRICANTE QUE COMPRENDE UN ADITIVO DE ACIDO BORICO SUSPENDIDO Y/O DISPERSO EN UN ACEITE, GRASA O BASE DE POLIMERO. EL LUBRICANTE DE INVENCION EXHIBE UNA CAPACIDAD DE SOPORTE DE CARGA Y UNA RESILENCIA MEJORADA DENTRO DE UNA GRAN GAMA DE TEMPERATURAS Y CONDICIONES DE USO.
Description
Lubricación mejorada a partir de una mezcla de
ácido bórico con aceites y grasas.
Esta invención se refiere a un lubricante
mejorado preparado a partir de una mezcla de ácido bórico y aceite
o grasa u otro lubricante de medio base de ese tipo. Más
particularmente, la invención se refiere a una mezcla que contiene
partículas de ácido bórico en una mezcla y/o suspensión con un
intervalo particular de tamaños de partícula y cantidades. Los
lubricantes cumplen una importante función en la conservación de
los componentes de las máquinas y en la prolongación de las vidas
útiles de funcionamiento de las máquinas. La optimización de las
propiedades del lubricante ha seguido siendo un objetivo principal
dado que las máquinas se hacen funcionar en condiciones más
exigentes y dificultosas asociadas con un aumento de la eficacia y
rendimiento. Se han desarrollado numerosos aditivos, pero queda
mucho por hacer para acomodar el aumento de exigencias que se están
haciendo ahora de los lubricantes.
Por tanto, es un objeto de la invención
proporcionar un lubricante mejorado.
Es otro objeto de la invención proporcionar un
aditivo de lubricante novedoso.
Es un objeto más de la invención proporcionar un
aditivo de lubricante en fase sólida mejorado.
Es un objeto adicional de la invención
proporcionar un lubricante novedoso de partículas sólidas de ácido
bórico dispersas en un lubricante base.
Es aún otro objeto de la invención proporcionar
un método mejorado de lubricación de componentes cerámicos y/o
metálicos usando un ácido bórico disperso en un lubricante
base.
Es todavía un objeto más de la invención
proporcionar un lubricante multifuncional novedoso que tiene
aditivos de partículas sólidas de polímero y ácido bórico para un
lubricante base.
Es también un objeto adicional de la invención
proporcionar un lubricante sólido mejorado y un método de uso para
una mezcla de polímero/ácido bórico.
Según la invención, una composición lubricante
comprende una dispersión estable de al menos el 0,1% en peso de un
aditivo de ácido bórico cristalino sustancialmente estratificado en
estado sólido que tiene un tamaño de partícula de desde 0,2 hasta
40 micrómetros, y un lubricante base.
La composición lubricante comprende
preferiblemente de desde el 10 hasta el 50% en peso de aditivo de
ácido bórico en estado sólido.
Otras ventajas y detalles de la invención se
harán evidentes a partir de la descripción proporcionada a
continuación en el presente documento junto con las
reivindicaciones adjuntas.
En una realización preferida de la invención, un
aditivo para un lubricante base toma la forma de una dispersión de
ácido bórico u óxido de boro que forma ácido bórico. Están
disponibles polvos de ácido bórico a partir de US Borax Co. de Los
Ángeles, CA. El lubricante resultante con la dispersión de ácido
bórico en el interior se aprovecha de las propiedades de baja
fricción del ácido bórico cuando se suspende en lubricantes. Los
ejemplos de lubricantes bases son aceites tales como aceites
basados en petróleo, aceites sintéticos, aceites minerales, aceites
basados en hidrocarburos y aceites de silicio u otros lubricantes
adecuados que no reaccionan con el ácido bórico. Por ejemplo, las
reacciones no deseables pueden incluir la destrucción o alteración
sustancial de la estructura cristalina estratificada del ácido
bórico. Sin limitar el alcance de la invención, se cree que las
partículas de ácido bórico, en alta presión y tracción friccional,
interactúan con superficies que soportan carga para proporcionar una
resistencia excelente y capacidad de portar carga. La estructura
estratificada de las partículas de ácido bórico cristalino puede
deslizarse una sobre otra con relativa facilidad y puede reducir la
fricción y el desgaste.
En esta invención, el ácido bórico es
particularmente útil para sistemas que funcionan a temperaturas de
hasta aproximadamente 170°C. El ácido bórico se dispersa entonces
como un componente en lubricantes bases siendo el resultado un
funcionamiento sustancialmente mejorado de la mezcla.
El tamaño de partícula del ácido bórico desde
aproximadamente 0,2 hasta 40 micrómetros (micrones) facilita la
formación de una suspensión estable estando presente el ácido
bórico en una cantidad de al menos el 0,1 en peso. La cantidad de
partículas sólidas que pueden mezclarse y/o dispersarse en el
aceite dependerá del tamaño de la partícula. Cuanto menor sea el
tamaño de partícula, mayor será la cantidad de partículas que
pueden suspenderse en el aceite. En general, el intervalo preferido
para los aceites es aproximadamente del 0,5 al 50% en peso y para
las grasas es aproximadamente del 1-50% en peso
siendo el intervalo más preferido del 1-15% para
aceites y del 1-20% para grasas.
El tamaño y cantidad de las partículas de ácido
bórico que van a añadirse a los aceites y grasas se determinará
generalmente mediante el uso pretendido de la mezcla lubricante
resultante que tiene las partículas sólidas en suspensión. Puede
emplearse equipamiento y técnicas convencionales para lograr una
dispersión o distribución sustancialmente uniforme o estable del
aditivo en la mezcla final. Dispersión estable significa una mezcla
en la que las partículas lubricantes sólidas permanecen como
partículas separadas, diferenciadas en presencia de un
estabilizador y un medio fluido de vehículo. Los métodos para
lograr una dispersión uniforme de las partículas en el lubricante
base se conocen bien por los expertos en la técnica. También pueden
prepararse en primer lugar concentrados que comprenden cantidades
superiores de ácido bórico y añadirse después a los aceites o
grasas convencionales. Además, los lubricantes pueden contener
otros aditivos que se añaden para mejorar las propiedades
fundamentales de los lubricantes incluso más. Tales aditivos pueden
incluir: antioxidantes, pasivadores metálicos, inhibidores de la
herrumbre, mejoradores del índice de viscosidad, depresores del
punto de vertido, dispersantes, detergentes, aditivos de presión
extrema de tipos líquido y sólido y aditivos antidesgaste. Las
grasas lubricantes bases útiles en la preparación de la composición
lubricante de la invención pueden ser cualquiera de las grasas
conocidas empleadas como bases para aplicaciones de presión
extrema.
Los siguientes ejemplos pretenden ser meramente
ilustrativos de la invención y no limitativos de la misma. A menos
que se indique lo contrario, todas las cantidades son en peso.
Este ejemplo ilustra el grado de mejora del
funcionamiento con el uso de una mezcla de ácido bórico y aceite o
grasa. En este ejemplo, se mezclan una grasa o aceite de motor y
mineral disponible comercialmente con polvo de ácido bórico que
tiene tamaños de partícula desde 0,2-40 micrómetros
(micrones) en cantidades que oscilan desde el 1 hasta el 50% en
peso. Se puso la mezcla en un recipiente de vidrio y se agitó
vigorosamente mediante un dispositivo de agitación magnético
durante un periodo de al menos 2 horas. Se usó entonces la mezcla
como lubricante en una máquina de prueba de desgaste cuya función y
características principales pueden encontrarse en el 1990 Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, volumen 3.02, sección 3, páginas
391-395. En las pruebas, se sujetaron clavijas de
acero (440C, y 52100) y de alúmina (Al_{2}O_{3}) con un radio
de punta hemisférica de 5 pulgadas (127 mm) sobre el portaclavijas
de la máquina de prueba de desgaste y se presionaron contra un
disco de alúmina o acero rotatorio. Se aplica una carga específica
a través de un sistema de palanca que presiona el portaclavijas
estacionario hacia abajo contra el disco rotatorio. El lubricante
en prueba cubre la clavija estacionaria. Tras la prueba, que se
realiza para una distancia especificada a temperatura, presión y
velocidad especificadas, se obtiene el coeficiente de fricción en
estado estacionario a partir de un registrador gráfico y se muestra
en la tabla 1. Se calculó la tasa de desgaste a partir de una
fórmula dada en el 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, volumen
3.02, sección 3, página 394, expresada en milímetros cúbicos por
metro, mm^{3}/m. Los resultados de desgaste y el coeficiente de
fricción obtenidos se resumen en la tabla II.
Condiciones de prueba: velocidad,
1-3 mm/s; temperatura,
22-25°C, clavijas y discos de acero 440C
y
52100
\newpage
Condiciones de prueba: carga, 2 kg;
velocidad, 1-3 mm/s;
temperatura, 22-25°C;
clavijas y/o discos
de alúmina y acero 440C y
52100.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
Los resultados anteriores demuestran que con una
mezcla de ácido bórico y un lubricante de aceite, los coeficiente
de fricción se reducen en del 10 a por encima del 1000% por debajo
de los de los mismos lubricantes no mezclados. Las tasas de
desgaste de las clavijas se reducen en factores de 50 a 100 por
debajo de los de las clavijas sometidas a prueba en el mismo aceite
no mezclado.
Aunque esta invención se ha descrito por medio
de diversos ejemplos y realizaciones específicas, es importante
entender que la invención no se limita a ellos, y que la invención
puede ponerse en práctica de varias formas dentro del alcance de
las siguientes reivindicaciones.
Claims (12)
1. Composición lubricante que comprende una
dispersión estable de al menos el 0,1% en peso de un aditivo de
ácido bórico cristalino sustancialmente estratificado en estado
sólido que tiene un tamaño de partícula de desde 0,2 hasta 40
micrómetros, y un lubricante base.
2. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 1, en la que la composición lubricante comprende
desde el 10 hasta el 50% en peso de aditivo de ácido bórico en
estado sólido.
3. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 1 o la reivindicación 2, en la que dicho lubricante
se selecciona del grupo que consiste en aceites de petróleo,
aceites minerales, aceites sintéticos, y aceites de silicio, y
mezclas de los mismos.
4. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 3, en la que dicho aditivo de ácido bórico en estado
sólido se dispersa en una mezcla con aceites sintéticos.
5. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 3, en la que dicho aditivo de ácido bórico en estado
sólido se dispersa en una mezcla con aceites minerales y
sintéticos.
6. Composición lubricante según cualquier
reivindicación anterior, que incluye además aditivos del grupo que
consiste en antioxidantes, pasivadores metálicos, inhibidores de la
herrumbre, mejoradores del índice de viscosidad, depresores del
punto de vertido, dispersantes, detergentes, aditivos de presión
extrema, aditivos antidesgaste y mezclas de los mismos.
7. Composición lubricante según cualquier
reivindicación anterior, que incluye además un dispersante en una
cantidad suficiente para mantener dicho aditivo de ácido bórico en
estado sólido en dispersión homogénea.
8. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 1, en la que el lubricante base es una grasa.
9. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 8, en la que dicha grasa se selecciona del grupo que
consiste en grasas de base mineral y sintética con y sin otras
partículas sólidas de lubricante.
10. Composición lubricante según cualquier
reivindicación anterior, en la que dicho aditivo produce
químicamente y libera ácido bórico.
11. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 10, en la que dicho aditivo comprende un óxido de
boro.
12. Composición lubricante según la
reivindicación 1, en la que la composición lubricante comprende
desde el 5 hasta el 50% en peso de un aditivo de ácido bórico en
estado sólido.
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US4995994A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1991-02-26 | Singer & Hersch Industrial Development | Lubricant |
US5006270A (en) * | 1989-05-01 | 1991-04-09 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Mixed resorcinol-hydroxyester borates as antioxidants |
US5173204A (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1992-12-22 | Century Oils (Canada), Inc. | Solid lubricant with high and positive friction characteristic |
GB2245894B (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1993-02-24 | Canadian Forest Prod | Suppression of degradation of lignocellulose/polyethylene compositions |
US5093015A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1992-03-03 | Jet-Lube, Inc. | Thread sealant and anti-seize compound |
IT1240503B (it) * | 1990-07-25 | 1993-12-17 | Butterfly Srl | Miscela polimerica amidacea particolarmente per la produzione di film e simili e procedimento per la sua produzione. |
DE69334137T2 (de) * | 1992-06-16 | 2008-01-10 | The University Of Chicago, Chicago | Verbesserte schmierung durch mischung von borsäure mit ölen und fetten |
JPH0657131A (ja) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-03-01 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物 |
US5384352A (en) * | 1993-07-28 | 1995-01-24 | Hoechst Celanese Corp. | Self lubricating polybenzimidazole shaped articles |
-
1993
- 1993-06-16 DE DE69334137T patent/DE69334137T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-16 WO PCT/US1993/005772 patent/WO1993025642A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-06-16 AT AT93916570T patent/ATE361967T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-16 DK DK93916570T patent/DK0646161T3/da active
- 1993-06-16 AU AU46377/93A patent/AU4637793A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-06-16 CA CA002138275A patent/CA2138275C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-16 PT PT93916570T patent/PT646161E/pt unknown
- 1993-06-16 EP EP93916570A patent/EP0646161B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1993-06-16 ES ES93916570T patent/ES2286816T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-06-07 US US08/255,231 patent/US5431830A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-09-26 US US08/720,221 patent/US6025306A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-12-24 HK HK98115714A patent/HK1014371A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4637793A (en) | 1994-01-04 |
DE69334137T2 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
EP0646161A1 (en) | 1995-04-05 |
WO1993025642A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
DK0646161T3 (da) | 2007-07-30 |
PT646161E (pt) | 2007-06-06 |
EP0646161A4 (en) | 1995-12-27 |
CA2138275C (en) | 1999-12-14 |
CA2138275A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
HK1014371A1 (en) | 1999-09-24 |
ATE361967T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
DE69334137D1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
US6025306A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
US5431830A (en) | 1995-07-11 |
EP0646161B1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
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