ES2217034T3 - SLIDING BEARING AND INSTALLATION OF WIND ENERGY WITH A SLIDING BEARING OF THIS TYPE. - Google Patents

SLIDING BEARING AND INSTALLATION OF WIND ENERGY WITH A SLIDING BEARING OF THIS TYPE.

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Publication number
ES2217034T3
ES2217034T3 ES00991627T ES00991627T ES2217034T3 ES 2217034 T3 ES2217034 T3 ES 2217034T3 ES 00991627 T ES00991627 T ES 00991627T ES 00991627 T ES00991627 T ES 00991627T ES 2217034 T3 ES2217034 T3 ES 2217034T3
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Spain
Prior art keywords
sliding
segments
bearing
head
annular rib
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Expired - Lifetime
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ES00991627T
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Spanish (es)
Inventor
Aloys Wobben
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/84Slewing gear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31Wind motors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

In a plain bearing for the transmission of high axial forces and great flexural moments with slight relative movements the one co-operating bearing component has an annular rib which engages into an annular groove provided on the other co-operating bearing component. The annular rib which can be of an outwardly convergent trapezoidal cross-section is provided with anti-friction linings on its free side faces and possibly peripheral faces. The anti-friction linings, like the co-operating bearing component in question, in particular an outer ring carrying the annular rib, can be subdivided segment-like. The segments can then be released individually from their composite assembly and maintained, in particular provided with new anti-friction linings. A preferred use of this plain bearing is the arrangement thereof between a pylon-supported machine head and the pylon head of a wind power installation.

Description

Cojinete de deslizamiento e instalación de energía eólica con un cojinete de deslizamiento de este tipo.Sliding bearing and installation of wind power with a sliding bearing of this type.

La invención se refiere a un cojinete de deslizamiento para la transmisión de grandes fuerzas axiales y de grandes momentos de flexión en el caso de movimientos relativos reducidos entre los cojinetes asociados, así como a una instalación de energía eólica con un cojinete de deslizamiento de este tipo entre su cabeza de la máquina apoyada en la torre y la cabeza de la torre.The invention relates to a bearing of sliding for the transmission of large axial forces and of great bending moments in the case of relative movements reduced between the associated bearings, as well as to an installation wind power with a sliding bearing of this type between your machine head resting on the tower and the head of the tower.

Los cojinetes de deslizamiento con el perfil de requisitos indicado anteriormente pueden emplearse, por ejemplo, como cojinetes giratorios en grúas, determinadas atracciones y, precisamente, en instalaciones de energía eólica (como los denominados cojinetes acimutales). Sin embargo, se produce un problema estructural del hecho de que, también en el caso de un eje de giro vertical, las fuerzas deben absorberse por el cojinete tanto en el sentido de la carga, como en el de la elevación del cojinete.The sliding bearings with the profile of requirements indicated above can be used, for example, as rotating bearings in cranes, certain attractions and, precisely, in wind power installations (such as called azimuthal bearings). However, there is a structural problem of the fact that, also in the case of an axis of vertical rotation, the forces must be absorbed by the bearing both in the direction of the load, as in the elevation of the bearing.

A partir del documento RU 2 054 578 C se conoce un cojinete de deslizamiento de este tipo que está destinado para el uso como cojinete acimutal de una instalación de energía eólica, en el que una nervadura anular dispuesta en un cojinete asociado se acopla en una ranura anular prevista en otro cojinete asociado, y estando dotada la nervadura anular con revestimientos de deslizamiento sobre sus superficies laterales libres y, dado el caso, sobre las superficies periféricas. Sin embargo, en el caso de este estado de la técnica no se soluciona el problema de considerar los daños o el desgaste de los revestimientos de deslizamiento de la manera más sencilla y económica posible. Además hay que tener en cuenta que sobre todo los daños sólo pueden afectar a una determinada zona de los revestimientos de deslizamiento.From RU 2 054 578 C it is known a sliding bearing of this type that is intended for the use as an azimuth bearing of a wind power installation, in which an annular rib arranged in an associated bearing is it engages in an annular groove provided in another associated bearing, and the annular rib with endowments of sliding on its free side surfaces and, given the case, on peripheral surfaces. However, in the case of This state of the art does not solve the problem of considering damage or wear of the sliding linings of the simplest and most economical way possible. You also have to have in note that especially damage can only affect one certain area of the sliding coverings.

Para solucionar este problema, la invención prevé subdividir los revestimientos de deslizamiento a modo de segmentos y unirlos de manera fija, pero separable, con la nervadura que los porta. Esto permite la revisión de los revestimientos de deslizamiento y, en caso necesario, su recambio en la fábrica. También pueden reemplazarse segmentos individuales. Los elementos del revestimiento de deslizamiento están hechos preferiblemente de un compuesto de metal y plástico con un lomo de acero y superficie de rodadura de acetal-copolímero (ondulada).To solve this problem, the invention provides subdivide sliding liners as segments and join them in a fixed, but separable way, with the rib that holder. This allows the revision of the coatings of sliding and, if necessary, its replacement at the factory. Individual segments can also be replaced. The elements of the sliding lining are preferably made of a composite of metal and plastic with a steel spine and surface of rolling of acetal-copolymer (corrugated).

Entonces, puede estar previsto adicionalmente que también uno de los cojinetes asociados esté subdividido a modo de segmentos, y los segmentos pueden separarse individualmente de su unión. Especialmente, la nervadura anular revestida con los revestimientos de deslizamiento puede subdividirse en segmentos y puede estar configurada/dispuesta de tal manera que se acople radialmente desde fuera en la ranura anular situada dentro. Entonces, los segmentos de nervaduras anulares con los segmentos de revestimiento de deslizamiento fijados en ellos pueden separarse poco a poco (en la dirección periférica) de su unión y de su fijación en el componente de soporte o portador, y pueden sacarse radialmente hacia fuera, así como emplearse de nuevo, después del equipamiento, con nuevos segmentos de revestimiento de deslizamiento. Evidentemente, también es posible el reemplazo por una pieza de repuesto de nervadura dotada con nuevos segmentos de revestimiento de deslizamiento.Then, it may be additionally provided that also one of the associated bearings is subdivided by way of segments, and the segments can be separated individually from their Union. Especially, the annular rib coated with the slip liners can be subdivided into segments and it can be configured / arranged in such a way that it fits radially from the outside in the annular groove inside. Then, the segments of annular ribs with the segments of sliding lining fixed on them can be separated little by little (in the peripheral direction) of its union and its fixation on the support or carrier component, and can be removed radially out, as well as being used again, after equipment, with new cladding segments of glide. Obviously, replacement by a spare part of rib equipped with new segments of slip lining.

Naturalmente, las disposiciones también pueden encontrarse, respectivamente, de manera opuesta. De esta manera, los revestimientos de deslizamiento también pueden estar dispuestos en las superficies internas de la ranura anular subdividida a modo de segmentos, la cual se superpone por fuera a la nervadura anular situada dentro. Además, el componente situado dentro en cada caso (nervadura anular o ranura anular) puede subdividirse en segmentos. No obstante, entonces la forma de cuña divergente hacia de los segmentos fuera obstaculiza su extracción hacia dentro. Por eso, en este caso los segmentos deben tener lados paralelos y hay que prever, dado el caso, elementos de compensación entre los segmentos que portan los revestimientos de deslizamiento.Naturally, the provisions can also meet, respectively, in the opposite way. In this way, the slip liners can also be arranged in the internal surfaces of the annular groove subdivided by way of segments, which overlap on the outside of the annular rib located inside. In addition, the component located inside in each case (annular rib or annular groove) can be subdivided into segments. However, then the divergent wedge shape towards the segments outside hinders its extraction inwards. Therefore, in in this case the segments must have parallel sides and you have to provide, where appropriate, compensation elements between segments that carry the sliding coverings.

Para facilitar el recambio de los segmentos, pueden preverse entre los cojinetes asociados medios accionados por fuerza como, por ejemplo, unidades de pistón / cilindro impulsadas neumática o hidráulicamente, que sólo se sujetan simultáneamente a éstos en estado fijo y están en condiciones de levantar el cojinete asociado que se apoya respecto al de soporte, de manera que la fijación de los segmentos puede separarse y éstos pueden sacarse. Después de su reposición, la fijación de los medios de descarga se separa de nuevo en como mínimo uno de los cojinetes asociados.To facilitate the replacement of segments, means can be provided between the associated associated bearings driven by force such as driven piston / cylinder units pneumatically or hydraulically, they are only held simultaneously to these in a fixed state and are able to lift the bearing associate that is supported with respect to the support, so that the Segment fixation can be separated and these can be removed. After replacement, the fixing of the discharge means is Separate again into at least one of the associated bearings.

En su aspecto específico, la invención comprende además una instalación de energía eólica con un cojinete de deslizamiento del tipo descrito anteriormente entre una cabeza de máquina apoyada en la torre y la cabeza de la torre, estando previsto entre la cabeza de la torre y la cabeza de la máquina un accionamiento de seguimiento para el giro, que depende de la dirección del viento, de la cabeza de la máquina alrededor del eje vertical de la torre y, estando configurado el cojinete de deslizamiento como cojinete acimutal para la conducción de la cabeza de la máquina en la dirección radial, así como en la axial. Un cojinete de deslizamiento es fundamentalmente más apropiado que, por ejemplo, una unión giratoria esférica para absorber fuerzas grandes en movimientos reducidos. A ello hay que añadir que la fricción de deslizamiento en el cojinete provoca un tipo de amortiguación natural de movimientos de seguimiento demasiado inquietos, porque la fricción estática, la cual se opone al comienzo de un movimiento de seguimiento, es siempre mayor, fundamentalmente de forma independiente a la formación de pares de material, que la fricción de deslizamiento que se establece al superarla. Por ello, se suprime completamente el seguimiento en el caso de cambios de la dirección del viento de poca duración y/o reducidos.In its specific aspect, the invention comprises in addition a wind power installation with a bearing of sliding of the type described above between a head of machine supported on the tower and the tower head, being provided between the tower head and the machine head a tracking drive for rotation, which depends on the wind direction, of the machine head around the axis vertical of the tower and, with the bearing of sliding as azimuth bearing for head driving of the machine in the radial direction, as well as in the axial one. A sliding bearing is fundamentally more appropriate than, for example, a spherical swivel joint to absorb large forces in reduced movements. To this we must add that the friction of sliding on the bearing causes a type of damping natural tracking movements too restless because the static friction, which opposes the beginning of a movement of follow-up, is always greater, fundamentally independent of the formation of pairs of material, which friction of slip that is established to overcome it. Therefore, it is deleted completely follow up in case of address changes of wind of short duration and / or reduced.

En la instalación de energía eólica, el cojinete de deslizamiento puede absorber fuerzas verticales que entran en la dirección axial tanto en el sentido de la carga como en el de la elevación. Los revestimientos de deslizamiento pueden estar tanto fijados por clavijas, como pegados a la nervadura anular. Para la revisión de los revestimientos de deslizamiento y, con ello, del cojinete giratorio y, en caso necesario, el recambio de los revestimientos de deslizamiento o de los segmentos de los cojinetes asociados, está prevista preferiblemente como mínimo una abertura de mantenimiento que pueda cerrarse (por ejemplo, que pueda cerrarse por un tapón) en la brida de la cabeza de la máquina; mediante el giro de la cabeza de la máquina el cojinete giratorio en conjunto puede separarse y someterse al mantenimiento.In wind power installation, the bearing sliding can absorb vertical forces entering the axial direction both in the direction of the load and in the direction of the elevation. The sliding coverings can be both fixed by pins, as attached to the annular rib. For the revision of the sliding coverings and, with it, of the rotating bearing and, if necessary, the replacement of slip linings or bearing segments associated, preferably at least one opening of maintenance that can be closed (for example, that can be closed by a plug) on the flange of the machine head; Through the machine head rotation the rotating bearing as a whole It can be separated and subjected to maintenance.

La lubricación del cojinete de deslizamiento se realiza mediante cartuchos de lubricación continua desde abajo hacia arriba; la grasa residual se desprende hacia fuera sobre el lado superior del cojinete y se recoge. Con este fin, por debajo de la ranura anular, en la cual se acopla la nervadura anular con los revestimientos de deslizamiento, se ha introducido una junta de estanqueidad que la rodea, en la brida de la cabeza de la máquina, la cual obtura el intersticio respecto a la brida de la cabeza de la torre. Por el lado superior, está fijada una tira de estanqueidad por encima de la ranura anular en el lado de la cabeza de la máquina, de tal manera que se apoya con su zona libre sobre el lado superior de la brida de la cabeza de la torre.The lubrication of the sliding bearing is performs using continuous lubrication cartridges from below to up; residual fat peels out on the side upper bearing and is collected. To this end, below the annular groove, in which the annular rib is coupled with the slip linings, a gasket has been introduced tightness around it, on the flange of the machine head, which closes the gap between the head flange of the tower. On the upper side, a sealing strip is fixed above the annular groove on the side of the head of the machine, in such a way that it rests with its free zone on the side top of the tower head flange.

El dibujo ejemplifica la invención en ejemplos de realización. En ellos muestra:The drawing exemplifies the invention in examples of realization. In them it shows:

la figura 1, en corte transversal esquemático, un cojinete de deslizamiento según la invención en una forma general;Figure 1, in schematic cross-section, a sliding bearing according to the invention in one form general;

la figura 2, en escala reducida, una vista en planta del anillo externo segmentado con la nervadura anular del cojinete de deslizamiento de la figura 1 orientada radialmente hacia dentro;Figure 2, on a reduced scale, a view in outer ring plant segmented with the annular rib of the sliding bearing of figure 1 radially oriented towards inside;

la figura 3, una sección transversal de la carcasa de la cabeza de la máquina de una instalación de energía eólica apoyada en la torre con la brida de la cabeza de la máquina, y el extremo superior de la torre con la brida de la cabeza de la torre en estado separado del cojinete de deslizamiento;Figure 3, a cross section of the machine head housing of a power installation wind supported on the tower with the machine head flange, and the top end of the tower with the head flange of the tower in a separate state of the sliding bearing;

la figura 4, en escala algo ampliada, una representación que corresponde fundamentalmente a la figura 3 en estado unido;Figure 4, in somewhat enlarged scale, a representation that corresponds fundamentally to figure 3 in United State;

la figura 5, una representación de detalle aumentada de la sección transversal del cojinete (sección circular "x" de la figura 4); yFigure 5, a detailed representation increased cross section of the bearing (circular section "x" of Figure 4); and

la figura 6, una vista en planta esquemática de una parte de la cabeza de la máquina con el accionamiento de seguimiento.Figure 6, a schematic plan view of a part of the machine head with the drive of tracing.

La figura 1 muestra esquemáticamente la configuración y disposición de un cojinete de deslizamiento según la invención con un anillo 104 externo que está fijado sobre un armazón 101 de apoyo, no mostrado detalladamente. El anillo 104 externo se prolonga radialmente hacia dentro en una nervadura 106 anular, la cual presenta una sección transversal trapecial que se estrecha radialmente hacia dentro. Las superficies laterales, orientadas fundamentalmente hacia arriba y hacia abajo, de la nervadura 106 anular están revestidas con revestimientos de deslizamiento en forma de segmentos 108 de revestimiento de deslizamiento que están aplicados, de manera fija pero que pueden separarse, en la nervadura anular, por ejemplo, mediante clavijas o mediante adhesivo. Lo mismo es válido para los segmentos 107 de revestimiento de deslizamiento, los cuales están dispuestos en la superficie periférica interna de la nervadura 106 anular.Figure 1 schematically shows the configuration and arrangement of a sliding bearing according to the invention with an outer ring 104 that is fixed on a frame 101 support, not shown in detail. The outer ring 104 is extends radially inward in an annular rib 106, the which has a trapecial cross section that narrows radially inward. Side surfaces, oriented fundamentally up and down, of the rib 106 annular are lined with slip-shaped liners of sliding lining segments 108 that are applied, in a fixed way but that can be separated, in the rib void, for example, by pins or by adhesive. The same it is valid for sliding lining segments 107, which are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the annular rib 106.

La nervadura 106 anular, con sus segmentos 107, 108 de revestimiento de deslizamiento, se acopla en un anillo 122 interno, el cual es parte de una estructura 110 que puede girar alrededor del eje 112 y forma el cojinete de deslizamiento con el anillo 104 externo.The annular rib 106, with its segments 107, 108 slip liner, fits in a ring 122 internal, which is part of a structure 110 that can rotate around shaft 112 and forms the sliding bearing with the outer ring 104

La figura 2 ejemplifica que y cómo el anillo 104 externo está subdividido en segmentos 104', los cuales están fijados mediante tornillos 123 en el armazón 101 de apoyo. La orientación lateral relativa de los segmentos 104' puede garantizarse adicionalmente mediante uniones de ranura y lengüeta o similares. Sobre las secciones 106' de la nervadura 106 anular pueden reconocerse los segmentos 108 del revestimiento de deslizamiento, los cuales, en caso de desgaste o de un mantenimiento distinto, pueden extraerse junto con los segmentos 104 del anillo externo. Este proceso puede facilitarse porque se disponen medios de elevación accionados por fuerza (no mostrados) entre el armazón 101 de apoyo y el anillo 122 interno del cojinete (figura 1) que sólo están en condiciones de levantar la estructura 110 en el estado fijo y, de esta manera permiten soltar las uniones 123 por tornillos, así como la extracción, orientada hacia fuera radialmente, de los segmentos 104' individuales.Figure 2 exemplifies what and how ring 104 external is subdivided into segments 104 ', which are fixed by means of screws 123 in the support frame 101. The orientation relative side of segments 104 'can be guaranteed additionally by means of groove and tongue joints or the like. On the sections 106 'of the annular rib 106 may the segments 108 of the sliding lining are recognized, which, in case of wear or different maintenance, they can be extracted together with segments 104 of the outer ring. This process can be facilitated because means of force-operated lift (not shown) between frame 101 of support and the inner ring 122 of the bearing (figure 1) which only are able to lift structure 110 in the fixed state and, in this way they allow to release the joints 123 by screws, so such as the radially oriented extraction of the 104 'individual segments.

Las figuras 3-6 muestran el uso de un cojinete de deslizamiento según la invención entre la torre y la cabeza de la máquina de una instalación de energía eólica. En el extremo superior de la torre 1 de soporte, está fijada una brida 2 de cabeza de la torre, que se compone de un anillo 3 de brida y de un anillo 4 externo del cojinete; las partes 3 y 4 están unidas entre sí por tornillos 5. El lado externo del anillo 4 externo del cojinete está dotado con un engranaje 30 externo, en el cual se engranan los piñones de los motores 31 reductores (figura 6) y, de esta manera, forman el accionamiento de seguimiento.Figures 3-6 show the use of a sliding bearing according to the invention between the tower and The machine head of a wind power installation. At upper end of the support tower 1, a flange 2 is fixed tower head, which is composed of a flange ring 3 and of an outer ring 4 of the bearing; Parts 3 and 4 are joined each other by screws 5. The outer side of the outer ring 4 of the bearing is provided with an external gear 30, in which it gear the gears of the reduction gears 31 (figure 6) and, of In this way, they form the tracking drive.

Normalmente, la carcasa 10 de la cabeza de la máquina tiene un alojamiento 11 para el rotor, no mostrado, y comprende en su interior los grupos mecánicos y eléctricos, tampoco mostrados, de la instalación de energía eólica. En el lado inferior, en la carcasa 10 de la cabeza de la máquina está fijada una brida 20 de la cabeza de la máquina que se compone de un anillo 21 y de un anillo 22 interno del cojinete. Las partes 21 y 22 están unidas entre sí, así como con la carcasa 10 de la cabeza de la máquina, mediante tornillos 23.Normally, the housing 10 of the head of the machine has a housing 11 for the rotor, not shown, and includes inside the mechanical and electrical groups, neither shown, of the wind power installation. On the bottom side, a flange 20 is attached to the housing 10 of the machine head of the machine head consisting of a ring 21 and a inner ring 22 of the bearing. Parts 21 and 22 are joined each other, as well as with the housing 10 of the machine head, by screws 23.

En el anillo 22 interno del cojinete está prevista, en el lado externo, una ranura 24 anular que está limitada parcialmente por el anillo 21. En ésta se acopla, en el estado ensamblado (figura 4), una nervadura 6 anular prevista en el lado interno en el anillo 4 externo del cojinete de la brida 2 de la cabeza de la torre, estando dotada esta nervadura con segmentos 7 del revestimiento de deslizamiento, parcialmente cilíndricos, para la conducción radial y, tanto en el lado superior como en el inferior, con segmentos 8 del revestimiento de deslizamiento de corona circular para la conducción vertical. Los segmentos 7, 8 del revestimiento de deslizamiento están pegados con las superficies correspondientes de la nervadura 6 anular y, además, están fijados con clavijas 9 (figura 5). En la dirección paralela al eje 12 de la torre, el grosor de la nervadura 6 anular (incluyendo los segmentos 8 del revestimiento de deslizamiento) es sólo apenas menor que el diámetro interno de la ranura 24 anular, de manera que según la dirección de la fuerza vertical, los segmentos del revestimiento de deslizamiento superiores o los inferiores se apoyan en las paredes correspondientes de la ranura 24 anular.In the inner ring 22 of the bearing is provided, on the external side, an annular groove 24 which is limited partially by ring 21. In this one it is coupled, in the state assembled (figure 4), an annular rib 6 provided on the side internal on the outer ring 4 of the flange bearing 2 of the tower head, with this rib with segments 7 of the sliding cover, partially cylindrical, for radial conduction and, both on the upper side and on the bottom, with segments 8 of the sliding lining of circular crown for vertical driving. Segments 7, 8 of sliding lining are glued to the surfaces corresponding of the annular rib 6 and, in addition, are fixed with pins 9 (figure 5). In the direction parallel to axis 12 of the tower, the thickness of the annular rib 6 (including segments 8 of the slip lining) is only just smaller than the internal diameter of the annular groove 24, so that according to the vertical force direction, the cladding segments of upper or lower sliding lean on the walls corresponding of the annular groove 24.

En la brida 20 de la cabeza de la máquina está prevista una abertura 25 de mantenimiento, la cual, también en el estado ensamblado y durante el funcionamiento de la instalación de energía eólica, posibilita una revisión o, dado el caso, un mantenimiento o recambio de los segmentos 7, 8 del revestimiento del cojinete. Además, en el anillo 22 interno del cojinete, por debajo de la ranura 24 anular, está introducida una junta 26 de estanqueidad, la cual actúa conjuntamente con la superficie correspondiente del anillo 4 externo del cojinete (figura 5). Una junta 27 labial introducida en el anillo 21 se dispone sobre el lado superior del anillo 4 externo del cojinete como parte de la brida 2 de la cabeza de la torre.On the flange 20 of the machine head is provided a maintenance opening 25, which, also in the assembled state and during the operation of the installation of wind energy, allows a review or, if necessary, a maintenance or replacement of segments 7, 8 of the lining of the bearing. In addition, in the inner ring 22 of the bearing, below of the annular groove 24, a gasket 26 of tightness, which acts in conjunction with the surface corresponding to the outer ring 4 of the bearing (figure 5). A lip seal 27 inserted in ring 21 is disposed on the side upper of outer bearing ring 4 as part of flange 2 from the head of the tower.

El accionamiento de seguimiento, como se ha indicado ya anteriormente, se forma por cuatro motores 31 eléctricos, los cuales se engranan con sus piñones en el engranaje 30 del anillo 4 externo del cojinete (figura 6).The tracking drive, as has been indicated above, it is formed by four engines 31 electric, which engage with their pinions in the gear 30 of the outer ring 4 of the bearing (figure 6).

Claims (9)

1. Cojinete de deslizamiento para la transmisión de grandes fuerzas axiales y grandes momentos de flexión en movimientos relativos reducidos entre los cojinetes asociados, en el que una nervadura (6; 106) anular dispuesta en un cojinete (4; 104) asociado se acopla en una ranura (24; 124) anular prevista en el otro cojinete (22; 122) asociado, y la nervadura (6; 106) anular está dotada con revestimientos (7, 8; 107, 108) de deslizamiento sobre sus superficies laterales libres y, dado el caso, sobre las superficies periféricas, caracterizado porque los revestimientos (7, 8; 107, 108) de deslizamiento están subdivididos a modo de segmentos y están unidos a la nervadura (6; 106) de manera fija, pero separable.1. Sliding bearing for the transmission of large axial forces and large bending moments in reduced relative movements between the associated bearings, in which an annular rib (6; 106) disposed in an associated bearing (4; 104) is engaged in an annular groove (24; 124) provided in the other associated bearing (22; 122), and the annular rib (6; 106) is provided with sliding coverings (7, 8; 107, 108) on its free side surfaces and , if necessary, on the peripheral surfaces, characterized in that the sliding coverings (7, 8; 107, 108) are subdivided as segments and are attached to the rib (6; 106) in a fixed, but separable manner. 2. Cojinete de deslizamiento según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la nervadura (6; 106) anular tiene una sección transversal trapecial que converge hacia fuera.2. A sliding bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular rib (6; 106) has a trapecial cross-section that converges outwards. 3. Cojinete de deslizamiento según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque los segmentos (7, 8; 107; 108) del revestimiento de deslizamiento están hechos de un compuesto de metal y plástico con un lomo de acero y superficie de rodadura de acetal-copolímero (ondulada).3. Sliding bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the segments (7, 8; 107; 108) of the sliding lining are made of a metal and plastic compound with a steel spine and acetal tread surface. copolymer (wavy). 4. Cojinete de deslizamiento según, como mínimo, una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizado porque también uno de los cojinetes (4; 104) asociados está dividido a modo de segmentos y, los segmentos (104') pueden separarse individualmente de su unión.4. Sliding bearing according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that also one of the associated bearings (4; 104) is divided into segments and the segments (104 ') can be separated individually from their joint. 5. Cojinete de deslizamiento según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque la nervadura (6; 106) anular, revestida con los revestimientos (7, 8; 107, 108) de deslizamiento, está dividida en segmentos (106') y, se acopla desde fuera radialmente en la ranura (24; 124) anular situada dentro.5. Sliding bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that the annular rib (6; 106), coated with the sliding linings (7, 8; 107, 108), is divided into segments (106 ') and is coupled from out radially in the annular groove (24; 124) located inside. 6. Instalación de energía eólica con un cojinete de deslizamiento, según como mínimo una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, entre una cabeza (10) de la máquina apoyada en la torre y la cabeza (1) de la torre, estando previsto entre la cabeza de la torre y la cabeza de la máquina un accionamiento (30; 31) de seguimiento para el giro, dependiendo de la dirección del viento, de la cabeza de la máquina alrededor del eje vertical de la torre y, estando configurado el cojinete de deslizamiento para la conducción de la cabeza (10) de la máquina en la dirección radial, así como en la axial (eje 12 de la torre).6. Wind power installation with a bearing slip, according to at least one of the claims above, between a head (10) of the machine supported on the tower and the head (1) of the tower, being provided between the head of the tower and machine head a drive (30; 31) of tracking for the turn, depending on the wind direction, of the machine head around the vertical axis of the tower and, the sliding bearing for driving is configured of the head (10) of the machine in the radial direction, as well as in the axial (axis 12 of the tower). 7. Instalación de energía eólica según la reivindicación 6, caracterizada porque, en la dirección paralela al eje, el grosor total de la nervadura (6) anular (incluyendo los segmentos 8 del revestimiento de deslizamiento) es apenas menor que el diámetro interno de la ranura (24) anular.7. Wind energy installation according to claim 6, characterized in that, in the direction parallel to the axis, the total thickness of the annular rib (6) (including segments 8 of the sliding lining) is just smaller than the internal diameter of the annular groove (24). 8. Instalación de energía eólica según la reivindicación 6 ó 7, caracterizada porque en la brida (20) de la cabeza de la máquina, que forma uno de los cojinetes asociados, está prevista como mínimo una abertura (25) de mantenimiento que puede cerrarse.8. Wind power installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that at least one maintenance opening (25) that can be closed is provided in the flange (20) of the machine head, which forms one of the associated bearings. . 9. Instalación de energía eólica según una de las reivindicaciones 6 a 8, caracterizada porque están previstos medios fijos accionados por fuerza para la descarga (separación) de los cojinetes (4, 22; 104, 122) asociados en el estado fijo, en el caso del recambio de los segmentos (104', 106').9. Wind energy installation according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that fixed force-actuated means are provided for the discharge (separation) of the associated bearings (4, 22; 104, 122) in the fixed state, in the fixed state. case of segment replacement (104 ', 106').
ES00991627T 1999-12-24 2000-12-22 SLIDING BEARING AND INSTALLATION OF WIND ENERGY WITH A SLIDING BEARING OF THIS TYPE. Expired - Lifetime ES2217034T3 (en)

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DE19962978A DE19962978C1 (en) 1999-12-24 1999-12-24 Wind turbine with a tower-based machine head
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