ES2206325T3 - BOAT WINDOW OR OWN EYE AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a porthole comprising a window casing (1) defining a window, a glass pane (2) housed in said casing and closing said window and a glass-clamp fixed on the casing (1) opposite the front edge of the glass pane (2) to maintain the latter in the casing, said glass-clamp (4) consisting of several elements or parts (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ...) embedded, via their outer edge (4') in a groove (7) arranged in the inner surface (1a) of the casing (1), and maintained in said groove (7) by a fixing means. The invention is characterised in that the elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d,...) forming the glass-clamp (4) are arranged in succession, contiguous or slightly spaced and are maintained, in the groove (7), by retaining flanges or plates (8) fixed against the casing (1) front surface or inner surface, by a screw (9), said retaining flanges or plates (8) comprising a retaining spline (8a) oriented towards the rear portion of the porthole and supported against an inside surface of said elements, said retaining flanges or plates being preferably arranged in the zones (Z) where the ends of the various elements forming the glass-clamp meet.

Description

Ship window or porthole and its procedure of manufacturing.

The present invention relates to a porthole or marine window designed to equip large-tonnage ships, such as passenger transport ships, cargo ships for freight transport, military ships or other ships. It can also be used in the manufacture of portholes for equip large deposits such as swimming pools, stadiums nautical, large aquariums, tanks for aquatic culture and others.

The invention also relates to manufacturing process of said portholes or windows marine and, more specifically, to a mechanical fastening procedure of the glass of the latter.

More specifically, the invention relates to portholes or marine windows of the type that includes:

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a frame 1, usually made of steel and constituted by a profile hot rolled or stretched, the frame being generally welded to the ship's hull or other support structure;

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a glass or stained glass window 2, consisting of a special glass of varying thickness according to the destiny of the porthole, and said glass being surrounded by joints waterproof 3, and

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A piece of retention 4, called "glass clamp", generally made of brass or stainless steel, said fixing being fixed glass clamp, according to the usual procedures currently used, and by means of screw 5, on the face front of the frame, to keep the glass in position.

According to constructions of this type, the glass clamp presses the seals located around the contour of the glass, against a frame or backrest called "glass support" and that forms a single piece with the frame.

The hardware is distributed on the contour of the glass clamp, with spacing of the order of 75 mm to 100 mm, according to the regulations in force. The mechanical hold is as punctual and the dynamic pressures received by the glass (for example under the effect of wind or masses of seawater in the most common application of ship equipment) are passed on to the screws through the glass clamp, which is the cause of a resistance defect.

Currently, drilling-milling of the glass clamp and the perforated-threaded frame are made separately, after pre-tap operations. With more precision, drilling-milling and perforated-threaded clamp-glass and frame respectively made from a glass clamp, first of series, on which they have been marked and drilled all holes; it serves, on the one hand, for the previous stippling of the frames that after this are dotted, bored and sent to the paint treatment before being threaded, and on the other hand, for the stippling of the glass clamps that are a then drilled and milled.

It is a succession of long operations, very thorough and difficult to execute if you consider the volume and weight of certain pieces. Moreover, errors of tapping, even minimal, can lead to scrap pieces.

It is possible to perform the operations of drilled, threaded, milled, by means of drill units and programmable numerical control threading, for example by means of a procedure according to which the drilling and threading of the glass-clamp and frame run simultaneously after having joined them by means of flanges; must detach the frame clamp from the frame to bore it with the necessary diameter for the passage of the screws, and mill it to fit the heads of the screws

This method of preparing the glass-clamp and frame does not exclude manual intervention, also requiring manufacturing machines Expensive that can only be handled by operators qualified.

Whatever the procedure of manufacturing used today (semi-automatic or completely manual), production costs, expenses of Maintenance and supply costs of first materials are very important.

It has been proposed, in the document US-1,763,489 A, a metal sash window, including a frame in which a glass has been positioned that held in position by a set of four bars of setting (looking bars) that are simply held in a slot practiced in the window box. It results, evidently, a bad mechanical clamping of the elements of the glass clamp consisting of these bars adjustment and, consequently, of the same glass, which could have disastrous effects, even when applied to train cars which is the only one mentioned in the document mentioned above. I know note however that this device is practically inapplicable to portholes or marine windows that present angles and rounded angle assemblies.

It has also been proposed in the document GB-1,361,285-A, a marine window which includes a chassis in which a glass and a glass clamp inserted into a slot in the same chassis, the glass blocking being ensured by pressurized wedges forced between the latter and the aforementioned glass clamp.

The mechanical fastening of a device like this It is very mediocre, being able to easily release the wedges under pressure (for example from the top of the chassis) under the effect of vibrations to which the structure of the ships is subjected or as a consequence of the aging of compressible materials, with the disastrous consequences you can imagine.

The above-mentioned disadvantages of devices described in the documents US-1,763,489-A and GB-1,361,285-A explain why these devices are not used in the equipment of ships in which portholes are generally performed by means of Traditional technique described above.

The invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks described above of the windows described in US-1,763,489-A and GB-1,361,285-A, as well as inconvenience of portholes built according to the technique traditional.

The porthole or marine window according to the invention, is of the type that includes a frame that delimits a window, a glass housed in that frame closing the aforementioned window and a glass clamp fixed on the frame, located by in front of the edge of the glass, in order to retain the latter in the frame, this glass clamp being formed by several embedded elements or parts, through its edge outside, in a groove in the inner surface of the frame, and held in this slot by a fixing system, and, according to a first characteristic arrangement of the invention, this porthole is remarkable in that the elements that constitute the glass clamp are arranged some below of others, one by one, and slightly spaced, and are maintained, in the groove, by flanges or clamping plates fixed against the anterior surface or the inner surface of the frame, by screws, carrying these flanges or plates holding a tongue retention oriented towards the back of the porthole and placed leaning against an interior surface of the aforementioned elements. For greater advantage, these flanges or clamping plates are preferably arranged in the junction areas of the limbs of the different elements that constitute the glass clamp.

Thanks to this provision, the operations cited below are no longer necessary:

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realization of a glass clamp first as standard;

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pre-dotted the clamp-glass and frame;

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dotted, drilled and milling of the glass clamp;

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dotted, drilled and threaded the frame, in which we will only have to make a small number of threads (for example three or four) for which is not necessary an extremely positioning rigorous;

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polishing the glass clamp;

Likewise, maintenance related to The mentioned operations.

On the other hand, a remarkable improvement of mechanical restraint, since the dynamic pressures supported by the glass does not punctually impact on the screws, but on the whole part of the glass clamp that protrudes from the groove in which the latter is solidly embedded.

The installation of portholes is facilitated enormously and the eventual replacement of a glass can take place easily and quickly, with a minimum of tools.

Portholes made according to the techniques usual also present another drawback as a result of the monobloc realization of the glass frame and support that entail the execution of a base element whose manufacture and placement requires tools, rows or rolling mills, and very powerful, bulky and placement tools expensive; on the other hand this base element is difficult to store given its irregular shape.

Another object of the invention is to solve this inconvenient.

According to another characteristic provision of the invention, this goal is achieved thanks to a manufacturing process according to which they are used, for the realization of the frames, round flat pieces of steel laminated, on the inner surface of which is fastened fixedly the support of the glass, which is the most convenient.

This procedure allows you to make frames of portholes, from elements of simple shapes, and, consequently, easier and cheaper to perform, and, In addition, easy storage. This way you can decrease the purchase costs of raw materials and expenses in tools

This form of execution, as used in the Classic manufacturing procedures, does not eliminate the important problem of corrosion in the glass rest piece, when It has not been manufactured using stainless steel or aluminum.

According to another characteristic provision of the invention, it is planned to solve this problem thanks to a procedure according to which the glass is fixed by a joint glued, on the one hand, to the peripheral surface, and to the surface of the inner edge of said glass and, on the other hand, against the surfaces of the parts of the glass clamp located outside the groove in which they are embedded and, against the inner surface of the frame, and the glass support piece is suppressed, which can be replace with some wind deflection stops arranged on the back side of said glass and positioned promptly, by example on the sides and on the top of the porthole.

Thanks to this arrangement, good support Glass mechanics is always assured, both in the sense of the pressure as in the opposite of the pressure, and the problem is eliminated of the corrosion of the glass support piece.

The set of characteristic provisions set out above allows to obtain an improvement of productivity, purchasing economies, stock decrease and a reduced delivery times very important.

The objectives, characteristics and advantages mentioned, and some more, will stand out better in the description that follow and in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1 and 2 are front views, from the side inside, two portholes rectangular and circular, respectively, performed in classical form.

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a Cut along line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figures 4 and 5 are front views, from the side inside, two portholes rectangular and circular, respectively, made according to a first manufacturing system of the invention.

Figure 6 is a larger scale view following line 6-6 of figure 4.

Figure 7 is a detailed and front view, with partial tear, showing the positioning of a flange or plate for clamping the glass clamp in the joining area of the two adjacent elements of the glass clamp.

Figure 8 is a plan view of the figure 7.

Figure 9 is a view analogous to Figure 6 which shows an execution variant of the way of fixing the glass.

Figure 10 is a view analogous to Figure 6 illustrating a variant embodiment of the assembly frame-support of glass.

Figure 11 is a view analogous to Figure 6 which represents another execution variant of the set frame-support of glass.

Figures 12 and 13 are front views of the inner side, two portholes rectangular and circular, respectively, which illustrate another improvement contributed by the invention.

Figure 14 is an enlarged view according to the line 14-14 of figure 12.

Figure 15 is a front view analogous to the Figure 7, which shows the positioning of a clamping plate of the glass clamp shaped according to another mode of Realization very advantageous.

Figure 16 is a plan view of this license plate.

Figure 17 is a front view showing the conformation of the adjacent limbs of two elements of neighbors-glass clamp.

Figure 18 is a plan view of the figure fifteen.

Figure 19 is a sectional view following the line 19-19 of figure 18.

We refer to the cited drawings for describe advantageous examples of realization of portholes and of implementation of manufacturing procedures for these, according to the invention.

On those drawings, the components of the different illustrated portholes that are used for them functions, are designated by the same references.

So, in the classic way, these different eyes of ox or marine windows include a frame 1 delimiting a opening or window, a glass 2 housed in the frame and closing the said window, one or several gaskets 3, and one glass clamp 4 fixed on frame 1, on the side inside, looking from the edge of the glass.

Moreover, in the execution mode particular illustrated in figure 8, portholes include also a glass support 6.

To facilitate the understanding of the exhibition which follows, referring to the description of the object itself of The invention requires that:

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The word "previous" qualifies an oriented surface of the inner side of the porthole considering the position that the latter should occupy after installation in a support wall.

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The word "interior" designates a surface oriented in the direction of the axis or center of the porthole.

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The word "external" qualifies a peripheral surface or area of the eye of ox or one of its constituent parts.

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The word "back" designates a surface facing the outer side of the porthole considering the position it will occupy after its mounting on a support wall.

According to a first characteristic provision of the invention, the clamp-glass 4 of the porthole or Marine window, consists of several elements or parts 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ... These elements can be formed by bands flat metal whose shape is a function of that of the porthole. So, the rectangular porthole glass clamp represented in figure 4 is constituted by four elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d formed, each, by two rectilinear parts oriented at 90º and joined by a curved portion, while the circular porthole glass clamp shown in Figure 5 is composed of three elements 4a, 4b, 4c in the form of circular arcs

Elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the glass clamp are embedded successively, by means of its outer edge or peripheral edge 4 ', in a slot 7 of rectangular section practiced on the inner surface 1a of the frame 1 (figure 6).

The elements that constitute the glass clamp 4 can be made of steel stainless or be obtained by cutting, to the laser, of polished plates. They are kept in slot 7 by means of a fixing system or blocking.

More advantageously, the elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ... are fastened one after the other, with a short interval, or placed one by one, in slot 7, and kept in its place through blocking organs which, according to the examples represented, consist of flanges or clamping plates 8 fixed against the inside surface of the front edge of the frame, using screw 9. According to the mode of execution illustrated in the Figures 4 to 14, the clamping flanges 8 include a spout or tongue clamp 8a oriented in the direction of the back of the eye of ox and placed leaning against the inner edge of the elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ... Preferably, the clamping flanges 8 are arranged in the junction Z zones of the limbs of the different contiguous or spaced apart elements that constitute the glass clamp (figure 7). They present a part vertical intended to be applied against the front face of the glass clamp 4 and an 8b fixing sole that has an inverse orientation with respect to that of said peak or tongue 8a and allowing its fixation on the inner surface of the frame; they could also be shaped to be set against the anterior surface of said frame.

As shown, for example, in Figure 6, understand that the glass is solidly held by of its peripheral edge 2a, between the support of the glass 6 and the 4 glass clamp solidly inserted into the groove 7 on the vertical face of the clamping flanges and the tongue of 8a retention of these. Seals 3, executed by example in silicone or polyurethane, they are placed between, by a part, glass 2 and, on the other hand, the surfaces of the glass clamp, frame and glass support arranged as seen from said glass.

Figures 15 to 19 illustrate another way of execution of the clamping plates 8 and the placement of the elements of the clamp-glass by means of such plates.

According to this mode of execution, the plates 8 are flat, and are provided with a hole 8c that allows to fix them, by middle of the screw 9, on the inside face of the frame 1; present a retention tab 8a whose length I is less than the width L of its remaining part (figure 16), so that the latter It has an 8d backrest on each side of the mentioned tab. By other part, the limbs of the elements of the glass clamp are provided with notches 21 whose length is at least equal to the thickness of the plates of subjection.

As indicated above, the elements of the clamp-glass 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ..., are placed one after the other, with a reduced interval, or placed one by one, in slot 7. The clamping plates 8 are applied against the inside face of the frame 1 and its tongue retention 8a is fastened in adjacent notches 21, of two neighboring elements, when they are fixed, by means of a screw 9 on the aforementioned framework.

It is understood that the elements of the glass clamp 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ..., are firmly held in the groove, on the one hand, by the action of 8d backs that rest against the front face of those mentioned elements and, on the other hand, by the action of the tabs of clamp 8a placed in the notches 21.

When elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, of the glass clamp are not effectively placed each other one, a small finishing plate 22 can be fixed by gluing on the anterior face of the adjacent limbs of said elements, in order to hide the interval left between said extremities.

According to another characteristic provision, frame 1 of the porthole is formed from a flat piece provided to the less than a groove 7 and bent to obtain a tubular chassis that have the desired shape to receive glass 2, and the elements that they constitute the glass clamp 4 they are embedded in The slot of this chassis.

The invention also faces a process of manufacturing a porthole or marine window according to which use, for the realization of the frame 1, a flat piece in one of whose faces practice at least one longitudinal groove 7, being this grooved piece conveniently curved so that you get a tubular body that has the desired section (generally circular or rectangular), and so that said groove is found inside this tubular body, and is embedded in then, in the latter, after placing the glass 2 in said frame, elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ... intended to form the glass clamp, said being elements held in place by blocking means constituted preferably by the flanges or clamping plates described previously.

According to another characteristic provision of the invention, the frame 1 of the portholes is formed by a piece flat such as a flat piece of rolled steel, on the inner surface of which the glass support is held by a means or fixing procedure that ensures its rigid and solid assembly

According to figure 6, the support of the glass 6 is formed by a metal bar of square section, fixed by welding 10 on the inner surface of the flat piece which form the frame 1. In this case, the glass support is made of steel, stainless steel or aluminum, and can be manufactured from only one piece.

According to figure 10, the support of the glass 6 is formed by a metal band embedded through its edge exterior 6a, in a second groove 11 practiced on the surface inside the flat piece that constitutes the frame 1. It is kept in its place by welding 11a on the frame 1. It can be manufactured from stainless steel.

According to figure 11, the support of the glass 6 is also formed by a flat piece or flat metal band embedded, by means of its outer edge 6a, in a groove 11 practiced on the inner surface of frame 1, but, according to this fixing mode, the support of the glass 6 is held in place in the groove 11 of the frame, by means of flanges 12. These flanges are they consist, for example, of a sole 12a by means of which fix, by means of screws 13, on the inner surface 1a of the frame 1, said flanges presenting a retaining peak 12b placed resting on the inner edge of the glass support 6.

The support of glass 6 made according to the figures 10 and 11, is formed by several elements or parts arranged one to continuation of another in front of the posterior peripheral edge of the glass 2 and preferably the clamping flanges 12 are placed in the junction areas of the limbs of the different contiguous or very spaced elements that constitute the glass support.

You could, of course, use the plates clamp 8 in the manner shown in figure 15, and adjust the ends of the glass support elements in the way illustrated in figure 16 for the elements of the glass clamp.

According to another characteristic provision of method of the invention, is used, for the realization of the frame 1, a flat piece on one of whose faces a first slot 7 intended to receive the elements that they constitute the glass clamp and a second groove 11 parallel to the preceding and distant from it, and being folded the grooved flat piece so that a tubular body is obtained to present the desired section and so that this second slot 11 is inside this tubular body, and that insert then, in the latter, a plurality of elements intended to form the support of the glass 6, being held in its place these elements by blocking, for example by welding 11a or by blocking organs as described before

According to another characteristic provision of the invention, it is planned to fix the glass 2 by means of a gasket 14 glued, on the one hand on the peripheral surface and on the surface of the inner edge of said glass, and on the other hand, on the back surface of the elements of the glass clamp located outside the groove in which these are partially embedded (figure 9) and on the inner surface 1a of the frame 1. Can be used for case, silicone based glues, or polyurethane based or any Another suitable tail.

According to this embodiment, it is provided fix, on time, by gluing or otherwise, some wind deflection stops 15, fixedly placed on the side exterior of the glass 2. These stops may, for example, be located on the sides and at the top of the glass and fixed rigidly by any suitable surface procedure interior 1a of frame 1.

Portholes or marine windows lead to times a peripheral collar 16 arranged around frame 1 and intended for adaptation of the inner wall (not support) of the ship. This outer peripheral collar is fixed by spot welding, three-bolt, or continuous welding peripheral This has the disadvantage of generating tensions and deformations due to welding, and if needed later repair operations

To eliminate this inconvenience, it is planned an embodiment of the porthole according to which collar 16 It consists of several elements or parts 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, ... arranged one after the other, and preferably one by one, around frame 1. These elements are formed by bands flat metal whose shape is a function of that of the porthole, and they are embedded, by means of their inner edge 16 ', in a groove 17 practiced on the peripheral surface of the frame.

The elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, ..., which constitute the collar 16 are made integral with the frame 1 by any appropriate fixing method, for example by screwing, by screw 18, on a collar support 19 fixed on the periphery of the frame, for example, by welding 20. Of this way, the elements that make up the collar cannot get out of slot 17 in which they have been introduced.

According to another characteristic provision of method of the invention, is used, for the realization of the frame 1, a flat piece on each of the opposite faces of the which is practiced at least one longitudinal groove 7, 17, this piece flat is then folded so that a body is obtained tubular presenting the desired section and including a groove peripheral 17, and is then embedded in the latter, a plurality of elements 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, preferably placed one after the other, so that they constitute a peripheral collar 16, making the aforementioned supportive collar elements relative to frame 1 by any means of adequate fixation, for example the means described previously.

Claims (11)

1. Porthole of the type that includes a frame (1) delimiting a window, a glass (2) housed in this frame and closing said window and a glass clamp fixed on the frame (1) seen from the edge before the glass (2) in order to hold the latter in the frame, this glass clamp (4) being formed of several elements or parts (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ...) embedded, by means of its outer edge (4 ') in a groove (7) made in the inner surface (1a) of the frame (1), and held in this groove (7) by means of a fixing (8), characterized in that the elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ...) that form the glass clamp (4) are arranged next to each other, one by one, or slightly spaced and are held, in the groove (7), by flanges or clamping plates ( 8) fixed against the front surface or against the inner surface of the frame (1), by means of screws (9), including those flanges or clamping plates (8) a retention tab (8a) oriented in the direction of the back of the porthole and placed against an inner surface of said elements, preferably those flanges or clamping plates being arranged, in the areas (Z) for joining the extremities of the different elements which constitute the glass clamp. 2. Porthole according to claim 1, characterized in that its frame (1) is formed by a flat piece provided with at least one groove (7) and folded so that it constitutes a tubular chassis, and the elements constituting the clamp. glass (4) are embedded in the inner groove (7) of that chassis. 3. Porthole according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the clamping plates (8) are flat and include a retention tab (8a) of length (I) less than the width (L) of its remaining part which has two backrests (8d) arranged on both sides of said clamping tongue, and in which the extremities of the elements (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ...) of the glass clamp (4) they are provided with a notch (21), which allows the fixing of the clamping tongue (8a) of said retention plates (8). 4. Porthole according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the clamping plates include a vertical part intended to be applied against the front face of the glass clamp (4), a spout or retention tab (8a) intended to rest against the inner edge of said glass clamp and a fixing sole (8b) having an inverse orientation referred to that of said retention tab. 5. Method of manufacturing portholes of the type that includes a frame (1) delimiting a window, a glass (2) housed in this frame and closing said window and a glass clamp (4) fixed on the frame (1 ) seen from the front surface of the peripheral edge (2a) of the glass, characterized in that a flat piece is used on the realization of the frame (1) on one of whose faces at least one longitudinal groove (7) is practiced, the said grooved piece conveniently curved so that a tubular body is obtained that has the desired section and that said groove (7) is located inside this tubular body, and then a plurality of elements is then embedded in the latter. (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, ...) that constitute the glass clamp (4), said elements being held in place by a locking system, preferably constituted by flanges or clamping plates (8) screwed onto the front face or against the surface inside the frame (1), and provided with a retaining tab (8a) positioned resting against an inner surface of said embedded elements. 6. Method of manufacturing portholes according to claim 5, characterized in that the support of the glass (6) is held on the inner surface (1a) of the flat piece with which the frame (1) is made by a method or joining system that ensures the rigid assembly of said glass support (6) and said frame (1). 7. Method of manufacturing portholes according to claim 6, characterized in that the support of the glass (6) is fixed, by means of a weld (10) on the inner surface (1a) of the frame (1). 8. Method of manufacturing portholes according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a flat piece is used for the realization of the frame (1) on one of whose faces a first groove (7) is used for the reception of the elements constituting the glass clamp and a second groove (11) parallel to the preceding one and distant from it, the grooved flat part being folded next so that a tubular body is obtained that has the desired section and of so that this second groove (11) is inside this tubular body, and then, in the latter, a plurality of elements that constitute the support of the glass (6) are embedded, said elements being held in place by a locking system, for example by welding (11a) or by blocking members such as flanges or clamping plates (12) fixed by means of screws (13) on the inner surface (1a) of the frame (1) and includes Place a retention tab (12b) located on an inner edge of the glass support (6). 9. Method of manufacturing portholes according to claim 5, characterized in that the glass (2) is fixed in the frame (1) by means of a gasket (14) glued, on the one hand, on the peripheral surface and, on the surface of the inner edge of said glass, and, on the other hand, on the rear surface of the elements of the glass clamp (4) located outside the groove (7) in which they are particularly embedded and on the inner surface (1a) of the frame (1), of the wind deflection stops (15) being fixed, preferably, on the rear side of the glass. 10. Method of manufacturing portholes according to any one of claims 5 to 9, of the type that includes a peripheral collar (16), characterized in that a flat piece is used for the realization of the frame (1). of the opposite faces of which at least one longitudinal groove (7, 17) is practiced, said piece being then folded so that a tubular body is obtained that has the desired section and that includes a peripheral groove (17) , and then, in the latter, a plurality of elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d), preferably located next to each other, so that they constitute a peripheral collar (16), in solidarity with the aforementioned elements with the frame (1) by any appropriate fixing means, for example by screwing, by means of the screw (18), on a collar support (19) fixed by welding on the periphery of said frame. 11. Porthole characterized in that it is obtained by executing the method according to any one of claims 5 to 10.