ES2102989T3 - Derivados de amida-alfa-ceto con una actividad inhibidora de proteasas. - Google Patents
Derivados de amida-alfa-ceto con una actividad inhibidora de proteasas.Info
- Publication number
- ES2102989T3 ES2102989T3 ES91111819T ES91111819T ES2102989T3 ES 2102989 T3 ES2102989 T3 ES 2102989T3 ES 91111819 T ES91111819 T ES 91111819T ES 91111819 T ES91111819 T ES 91111819T ES 2102989 T3 ES2102989 T3 ES 2102989T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- amida
- ceto
- waste
- alfa
- derivatives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/06—Dipeptides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/09—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0202—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-X-X-C(=0)-, X being an optionally substituted carbon atom or a heteroatom, e.g. beta-amino acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/02—Linear peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
ESTA INVENCION DESCRIBE UN DERIVADO ALFA-CETO-AMIDA O UNA DE SUS SALES REPRESENTADO POR LA FORMULA (1): DONDE X REPRESENTA (1) UN RESIDUO PEPTIDO O RESIDUO AMINO ACIDO EN EL CUAL EL GRUPO FUNCIONAL PUEDE ESTAR PROTEGIDO, (2) UN ATOMO DE HIDROGENO O (3) UN GRUPO PROTECTOR AMINO. Y REPRESENTA UN RESIDUO PEPTIDO O RESIDUO AMINO ACIDO EN EL CULA EL GRUPO FUNCIONAL PUEDE ESTAR PROTEGIDO. E REPRESENTA UN SUSTITUYENTE EN EL ALQUILENO (C SUB N H SUB 2N-1) Y ES UN HALOGENO, ALCOXI INFERIOR O HIDROGENO, A REPRESENTA UN GRUPO CARBONILO, O METILENO MO O DI-SUSTITUIDO (SIENDO EL SUSTITUYENTE UN HIDROXI, ALQUILO INFERIOR, FENILIMINO O BENZILIMINO), Y N REPRESENTA UN ENTERO DE 2 A 6. EL COMPUESTO DE ESTA INVENCION ES EFICAZ EN INHIBIR LA ACTIVIDAD PROPIL ENDOPEPTIDASA Y ES UTIL COMO INGREDIENTE ACTIVO DE UN INHIBIDOR DE ENZIMA.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP19775390 | 1990-07-27 | ||
JP3057753A JPH04211648A (ja) | 1990-07-27 | 1991-03-01 | ケト酸アミド誘導体 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2102989T3 true ES2102989T3 (es) | 1997-08-16 |
Family
ID=26398823
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES91111819T Expired - Lifetime ES2102989T3 (es) | 1990-07-27 | 1991-07-16 | Derivados de amida-alfa-ceto con una actividad inhibidora de proteasas. |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5221752A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0468339B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH04211648A (es) |
KR (1) | KR920002627A (es) |
DE (1) | DE69125537T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2102989T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5371072A (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-12-06 | Corvas International, Inc. | Asp-Pro-Arg α-keto-amide enzyme inhibitors |
US5656600A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1997-08-12 | Corvas International, Inc. | α-ketoamide derivatives as inhibitors of thrombosis |
US5541290A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1996-07-30 | Harbeson; Scott L. | Optically pure calpain inhibitor compounds |
DE69428703T2 (de) * | 1993-07-23 | 2002-05-29 | Zaidan Hojin Biseibutsu Kagaku Kenkyu Kai, Tokio/Tokyo | Pyrrolidin derivate |
WO1995003278A1 (fr) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-02-02 | Zaidan Hojin Biseibutsu Kagaku Kenkyukai | Derive de pyrrolidine ou sel de celui-ci pharmaceutiquement acceptable |
WO1996016079A2 (en) * | 1994-11-24 | 1996-05-30 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd | Alpha-ketoamide derivatives as cathepsin l inhibitor |
US5859031A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1999-01-12 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Small molecule inhibitors of rotamase enzyme activity |
US5801197A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-09-01 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Rotamase enzyme activity inhibitors |
TW498068B (en) | 1996-09-06 | 2002-08-11 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | Novel acetamide derivatives and protease inhibitors |
US5786378A (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 1998-07-28 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Heterocyclic thioesters |
US6218424B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 | 2001-04-17 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Heterocyclic ketone and thioester compounds and uses |
US5801187A (en) | 1996-09-25 | 1998-09-01 | Gpi-Nil Holdings, Inc. | Heterocyclic esters and amides |
US6274602B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-08-14 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Heterocyclic thioester and ketone hair growth compositions and uses |
US6187784B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-02-13 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Pipecolic acid derivative hair growth compositions and uses |
US6271244B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-08-07 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-linked urea or carbamate of heterocyclic thioester hair growth compositions and uses |
US5945441A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1999-08-31 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Pyrrolidine carboxylate hair revitalizing agents |
US6187796B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-02-13 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Sulfone hair growth compositions and uses |
US6075150A (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-06-13 | Cv Therapeutics, Inc. | α-ketoamide inhibitors of 20S proteasome |
US6331537B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-12-18 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid isosteres of N-heterocyclic compounds |
US6429215B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2002-08-06 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-oxide of heterocyclic ester, amide, thioester, or ketone hair growth compositions and uses |
CA2334204A1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-09 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Heterocyclic ester and amide hair growth compositions and uses |
US6172087B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-01-09 | Gpi Nil Holding, Inc. | N-oxide of heterocyclic ester, amide, thioester, or ketone hair growth compositions and uses |
US6395758B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-05-28 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Small molecule carbamates or ureas for vision and memory disorders |
US7338976B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2008-03-04 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Heterocyclic esters or amides for vision and memory disorders |
US6335348B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-01-01 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Nitrogen-containing linear and azepinyl/ compositions and uses for vision and memory disorders |
US6506788B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2003-01-14 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-linked urea or carbamate of heterocyclic thioesters for vision and memory disorders |
US6218423B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2001-04-17 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Pyrrolidine derivatives for vision and memory disorders |
US6384056B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-05-07 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Heterocyclic thioesters or ketones for vision and memory disorders |
US6399648B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-06-04 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-oxides of heterocyclic ester, amide, thioester, or ketone for vision and memory disorders |
US6376517B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-04-23 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Pipecolic acid derivatives for vision and memory disorders |
US6333340B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2001-12-25 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Small molecule sulfonamides for vision and memory disorders |
US6337340B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-01-08 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Carboxylic acids and isosteres of heterocyclic ring compounds having multiple heteroatoms for vision and memory disorders |
US6339101B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-01-15 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | N-linked sulfonamides of N-heterocyclic carboxylic acids or isosteres for vision and memory disorders |
US6462072B1 (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2002-10-08 | Gpi Nil Holdings, Inc. | Cyclic ester or amide derivatives |
EP2289887A3 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2011-07-06 | Seikagaku Corporation | Epoxycarboxylic acid amides, azides and amino alcohols and processes for preparation of alpha-keto amides by using them |
FI20011466A0 (fi) | 2001-07-04 | 2001-07-04 | Orion Corp | Prolyylioligopeptidaasia inhiboivaa aktiivisuutta omaavia yhdisteitä, niiden valmistusmenetelmiä ja käyttö |
ATE342261T1 (de) * | 2001-09-21 | 2006-11-15 | Novartis Pharma Gmbh | Pyranderivate als inhibitoren von ace und nep |
EP1620091B1 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2010-03-31 | Probiodrug AG | Inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase |
NZ546887A (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2009-04-30 | Probiodrug Ag | Combinations useful for the treatment of neuronal disorders |
KR101099206B1 (ko) | 2004-02-05 | 2011-12-27 | 프로비오드룩 아게 | 신규한 글루타미닐 시클라제 저해제 |
WO2008055945A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Probiodrug Ag | 3-hydr0xy-1,5-dihydr0-pyrr0l-2-one derivatives as inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase for the treatment of ulcer, cancer and other diseases |
WO2008065141A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Probiodrug Ag | Novel inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase |
EP2481408A3 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2013-01-09 | Probiodrug AG | New use of glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors |
EP2865670B1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2017-01-11 | Probiodrug AG | Thiourea derivatives as glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors |
US8486940B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2013-07-16 | Probiodrug Ag | Inhibitors |
JP6026284B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 | 2016-11-16 | プロビオドルグ エージー | グルタミニルシクラーゼの阻害剤 |
EP2545047B9 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2015-06-10 | Probiodrug AG | Heterocyclic inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase (qc, ec 2.3.2.5) |
EP2560953B1 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2016-01-06 | Probiodrug AG | Inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase |
JP6050264B2 (ja) | 2011-03-16 | 2016-12-21 | プロビオドルグ エージー | グルタミニルシクラーゼの阻害剤としてのベンゾイミダゾール誘導体 |
PL3461819T3 (pl) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-11-30 | Probiodrug Ag | Inhibitory cyklazy glutaminylowej |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4626545A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-12-02 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Amino acid derivatives as enzyme inhibitors |
US4880827A (en) * | 1986-03-18 | 1989-11-14 | Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Company, Ltd. | Pyrrolidine derivatives having inhibitory action for proline specific endopepidase |
-
1991
- 1991-03-01 JP JP3057753A patent/JPH04211648A/ja active Pending
- 1991-07-12 US US07/729,419 patent/US5221752A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-16 ES ES91111819T patent/ES2102989T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-16 EP EP91111819A patent/EP0468339B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-16 DE DE69125537T patent/DE69125537T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-25 KR KR1019910012754A patent/KR920002627A/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0468339A3 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
DE69125537T2 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
DE69125537D1 (de) | 1997-05-15 |
EP0468339A2 (en) | 1992-01-29 |
JPH04211648A (ja) | 1992-08-03 |
KR920002627A (ko) | 1992-02-28 |
EP0468339B1 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
US5221752A (en) | 1993-06-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ES2102989T3 (es) | Derivados de amida-alfa-ceto con una actividad inhibidora de proteasas. | |
NO990855D0 (no) | Substituerte sykliske amin-metallprotease-inhibitorer | |
ES2127858T3 (es) | Composicion suavizante de tipo acuoso para tejidos, nueva sal de amonio cuaternario y procedimiento para la preparacion de dicha sal. | |
DE69320378D1 (de) | Iontophoretische verbesserte Verabreichung von Medikamenten | |
NO983099L (no) | Nye retrovirale proteasehemmere | |
MXPA04001037A (es) | Derivados de n-fenilpirrol guanidina como ligandos del receptor de melanocortina. | |
AR006738A1 (es) | Quinazolinonas bisustituidas en 2,8, procedimiento para su produccion, medicamentos que las contienen y el uso de las mismas para preparar unmedicamento. | |
BR9815785A (pt) | Quinoxalinonas como inibidores de protease de serina tal como fator xa e trombina | |
PE71599A1 (es) | Inhibidores de proteasas | |
NZ502988A (en) | 5-Acetamido-4-amino-2-propionyloxy-6-isopropoxy-1-cyclohexene useful for treating influenza | |
AP2001002205A0 (en) | Cyclopentyl-substituted glutaramide derivatives as inhibitors of neutral endopeptidase. | |
ATE170519T1 (de) | Stickstoff enthaltende kondensierte heterocylen | |
ES2178205T3 (es) | Compuestos amida indazol como agentes serotoninergicos. | |
ES2156933T3 (es) | Derivados triciclicos de benzazepina y benzotiazepina. | |
DE3850550D1 (de) | Dipeptide, verwendbar als Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren. | |
MY128592A (en) | Biocidal protection system | |
YU30502A (sh) | Herbicidna sredstva | |
PE20030517A1 (es) | Composicion fungicida a base de al menos un derivado de piridil-metil-benzamida y de al menos un derivado ditio-carbamato | |
ES2093091T3 (es) | Derivado de glutation. | |
PT768084E (pt) | Inibidor da metastese cancerosa | |
AR032230A1 (es) | Derivado sulfonamida conteniendo una composicion agricola y horticola | |
ES2161439T3 (es) | Derivados triterpenicos medicamentos para enfermedades hepaticas. | |
ATE122669T1 (de) | Zearalanol-derivate mit anabolytischer wirkung. | |
DK1161239T3 (da) | 3- cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluormethoxy-N-(3,5-dichlorpyrid-4-yl)benzamid til behandling af dissemineret sklerose | |
DE69807138D1 (de) | Benzoamid-Derivat, antiulcus und antibakterielle Mittel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FG2A | Definitive protection |
Ref document number: 468339 Country of ref document: ES |