ES1304753U

ES1304753U - MODULAR CONSTRUCTION OF PREFABRICATED PANELS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Info

Publication number: ES1304753U
Application number: ES202331707U
Authority: ES
Inventors: Ferrer Jaume Alsina
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-09-26
Filing date: 2023-09-26
Publication date: 2023-12-26
Anticipated expiration: 2033-09-26
Also published as: ES1304753Y

Abstract

Modular construction of prefabricated panels that, comprising a plurality of prefabricated panels, made up of sandwich plates with, at least, an inner layer (5) and an outer layer (6) between which there is a light core (7) of thermal and acoustic insulation, is characterized by the fact that said plates, in addition, comprise, incorporated between their layers, a metal structure of profiles that define, respectively, pillars (8) in vertical wall panels (2, 3) and beams (9) in horizontal forged panels (4), which are welded together, said profile structure being suitable to support the loads of the construction (1) assembled as a building such as a home or similar with one or more floors. . (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION

CONSTRUCCIÓN MODULAR DE PANELES PREFABRICADOSMODULAR CONSTRUCTION OF PREFABRICATED PANELS

OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La invención, tal como expresa el enunciado de la presente memoria descriptiva, se refiere a una construcción modular de paneles prefabricados que aporta ventajas y características, que se describen en detalle más adelante.The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to a modular construction of prefabricated panels that provides advantages and characteristics, which are described in detail below.

El objeto de la presente invención recae en una construcción modular de las conformadas a base de paneles prefabricados, los cuales se distinguen, esencialmente, por estar conformados a partir de placas ligeras tipo sándwich, que comprenden una capa de acabado interior y una exterior entre una intermedia de aislamiento térmico/acústico, y que además incluyen incorporada una estructura de perfiles metálicos que se sueldan entre sí actuando como pilares y vigas para conformar las paredes y forjados de la construcción, proporcionando un sistema constructivo ligero y fácil de transportar y muy rápido de montar.The object of the present invention lies in a modular construction of those formed from prefabricated panels, which are essentially distinguished by being formed from light sandwich-type plates, which comprise an interior and an exterior finishing layer between a intermediate thermal/acoustic insulation, and which also include a built-in structure of metal profiles that are welded together acting as pillars and beams to form the walls and floors of the construction, providing a lightweight construction system that is easy to transport and very quick to install. mount.

CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

El campo de aplicación de la presente invención se enmarca dentro del sector de la construcción, centrándose particularmente en el ámbito de la construcción de edificaciones modulares a partir de elementos prefabricados.The field of application of the present invention falls within the construction sector, focusing particularly on the field of construction of modular buildings from prefabricated elements.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Normalmente, las paredes y forjados de las edificaciones suelen ser de ladrillo u hormigón. También pueden ser a base de paneles sándwich formados por la unión de diversas capas de materiales diferentes, permitiendo en ello la realización de elementos prefabricados que aceleran la construcción.Normally, the walls and floors of buildings are usually made of brick or concrete. They can also be based on sandwich panels formed by joining various layers of different materials, allowing the creation of prefabricated elements that speed up construction.

El problema es que, los paneles sándwich actualmente existentes, necesitan de la instalación previa de una estructura metálica que es la que se utiliza para soportar el piso superior. The problem is that the currently existing sandwich panels require the prior installation of a metal structure that is used to support the upper floor.

El objetivo de la presente invención es el desarrollo de un mejorado sistema constructivo a base de paneles prefabricados que, entre otras ventajas, eviten dicha necesidad de realización e instalación de la estructura metálica de soporte, permitiendo reducir mucho más los tiempos de montaje.The objective of the present invention is the development of an improved construction system based on prefabricated panels that, among other advantages, avoid said need for the construction and installation of the metal support structure, allowing assembly times to be greatly reduced.

Por otra parte, y como referencia al estado actual de la técnica, cabe señalar que, aunque se conocen otros tipos de construcciones a base de paneles prefabricados, al menos por parte del solicitante, se desconoce la existencia de ninguna que presente unas características técnicas, estructurales y constitutivas iguales o semejantes a las de la que aquí se reivindica.On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it should be noted that, although other types of constructions based on prefabricated panels are known, at least by the applicant, the existence of none that present technical characteristics is unknown, structural and constitutive structures equal or similar to those claimed here.

EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

La construcción modular de paneles prefabricados que la invención propone se configura como una solución idónea a los objetivos anteriormente señalados que, a su vez, supone una mejora del estado actual de la técnica, estando los detalles caracterizadores que lo hacen posible y que la distinguen convenientemente recogidos en las reivindicaciones finales que acompañan a la presente descripción.The modular construction of prefabricated panels that the invention proposes is configured as an ideal solution to the aforementioned objectives which, in turn, represents an improvement on the current state of the art, being the characterizing details that make it possible and that conveniently distinguish it. collected in the final claims that accompany this description.

Concretamente, lo que la invención propone, como se ha apuntado anteriormente, es una construcción modular conformada a base de paneles prefabricados, los cuales están conformados ventajosamente a partir de placas ligeras tipo sándwich, que, al menos, comprenden una capa de acabado interior y una capa de acabado exterior entre las que existe un núcleo o una capa intermedia y ligera de material de aislamiento térmico y acústico, y que, además, incluyen, incorporada entre dichas capas, una estructura de perfiles metálicos, en forma de L o en forma de IPN oIPE, que se sueldan entre sí actuando respectivamente como pilares y como vigas para conformar las paredes y los forjados de la construcción, proporcionando un sistema constructivo ligero y fácil de transportar y muy rápido de montar.Specifically, what the invention proposes, as noted above, is a modular construction made up of prefabricated panels, which are advantageously formed from light sandwich-type plates, which, at least, comprise an interior finishing layer and an external finishing layer between which there is a core or an intermediate and light layer of thermal and acoustic insulation material, and which also include, incorporated between said layers, a structure of metal profiles, in the shape of an L or in the shape of IPN or IPE, which are welded together acting respectively as pillars and as beams to form the walls and slabs of the construction, providing a lightweight construction system that is easy to transport and very quick to assemble.

Además, gracias a la ligereza del material, su transporte es mucho más efectivo, ya que un camión tipo tráiler puede transportar una vivienda de unos 120 m2.Furthermore, thanks to the lightness of the material, its transportation is much more effective, since a trailer-type truck can transport a home of about 120 m2.

En todo caso, además de que el montaje, gracias a la ligereza de los paneles, es mucho más rápido que en una construcción convencional, dado que los paneles prefabricados son piezas hechas a medida para cada solución, no se generan residuos. In any case, in addition to the fact that assembly, thanks to the lightness of the panels, is much faster than in conventional construction, since the prefabricated panels are pieces made to measure for each solution, no waste is generated.

De preferencia, la capa de material aislante de las placas es poliestireno densidad 40 y las capas externa e interna, dependiendo de si los paneles definen las paredes o los forjados son, preferentemente, de fibrocemento por ambas partes o de fibrocemento en la cara externa y de yeso laminado o pladur ® en la cara interna.Preferably, the layer of insulating material of the plates is 40 density polystyrene and the external and internal layers, depending on whether the panels define the walls or the floors, are preferably made of fiber cement on both sides or fiber cement on the external side and of laminated plaster or plasterboard ® on the inside.

En todo caso, los paneles de paredes y forjado pueden estar conformados por placas con diferentes dimensiones en cuanto a grosor, longitud o altura y anchura. No obstante, de preferencia todas las placas tendrán grosores desde 150-200-250 mm etc. y diferentes longitudes, según convenga. Las placas de los paneles de paredes, de preferencia, se fabrican de 1200 mm de ancho por 3000 mm o 3150 mm de altura, mientras que los forjados son de 1200 mm de ancho por 200 o 250 mm de grueso por diferentes medidas de largo.In any case, the wall and floor panels can be made up of plates with different dimensions in terms of thickness, length or height and width. However, preferably all the plates will have thicknesses from 150-200-250 mm, etc. and different lengths, as appropriate. The wall panel plates are preferably manufactured 1200 mm wide by 3000 mm or 3150 mm high, while the slabs are 1200 mm wide by 200 or 250 mm thick by different length measurements.

En todo caso, todas las placas llevan integrada interiormente una estructura metálica apta para soportar las cargas de la vivienda y, además, también se fabrican con las instalaciones correspondientes de electricidad, agua y desagües. Además, las placas de panel de pared, por la parte interior quedan terminadas preferentemente con una capa de yeso laminado, preferentemente fibroyeso, de madera de fibrocemento o de cerámica, y por la parte exterior con una capa de fibrocemento donde será colocada la fachada.In any case, all the panels have an internally integrated metal structure suitable for supporting the loads of the home and, in addition, they are also manufactured with the corresponding electricity, water and drainage installations. Furthermore, the wall panel plates, on the inside, are preferably finished with a layer of laminated plaster, preferably fiber plaster, fiber cement wood or ceramic, and on the outside with a layer of fiber cement where the façade will be placed.

Con todo ello, cada uno de los paneles de la construcción constituye una placa muy ligera y por eso el montaje es mucho más rápido.With all this, each of the construction panels constitutes a very light plate and therefore assembly is much faster.

De preferencia, para dicho montaje, unen las paredes se unen con un ángulo de perfil metálico en L, preferentemente de hierro, que incluyen verticalmente por la parte interior de cada lado las piezas que conforman los paneles de dichas paredes, con un ángulo horizontal se coloca por la parte inferior y por la superior de las paredes, de modo que se irán uniendo con soldadura. Además, dicho ángulo horizontal superior, a su vez, sirve de apoyo para soportar las placas que conforman los paneles del forjado, las cuales irán soldadas con la estructura metálica interior de las placas de estos paneles de forjado, a base de perfiles IPN, quedando una estructura muy rígida entre las paredes y los forjados. Preferably, for said assembly, the walls are joined with an L-shaped metal profile angle, preferably made of iron, which includes vertically on the inside of each side the pieces that make up the panels of said walls, with a horizontal angle. Place it on the bottom and top of the walls, so that they will be joined with welding. Furthermore, said upper horizontal angle, in turn, serves as a support to support the plates that make up the floor panels, which will be welded to the interior metal structure of the plates of these floor panels, based on IPN profiles, remaining a very rigid structure between the walls and the floors.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, un plano en el que con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, by a plan in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, The following has been represented:

Las figuras número 1-A y 1-B.- Muestran sendas vistas esquemáticas, en sección transversal y alzado frontal respectivamente, de un ejemplo de placa que comprende la estructura modular objeto de la invención como panel de pared inferior, apreciándose las partes y elementos que comprende así como la configuración y disposición de las mismas;Figures number 1-A and 1-B.- Show schematic views, in cross section and front elevation respectively, of an example of a plate that comprises the modular structure object of the invention as a lower wall panel, showing the parts and elements which includes as well as their configuration and layout;

las figuras número 2-A y 2-B.- Muestran sendas vistas esquemáticas, en sección transversal y alzado frontal respectivamente, de otro ejemplo de placa que comprende la estructura modular de la invención como panel de pared superior, apreciándose las partes y elementos que comprende así como la configuración y disposición de las mismas;Figures number 2-A and 2-B.- Show schematic views, in cross section and front elevation respectively, of another example of a plate that comprises the modular structure of the invention as an upper wall panel, showing the parts and elements that It also includes their configuration and layout;

las figuras número 3-A y 3-B.- Muestran sendas vistas esquemáticas, en sección transversal y alzado frontal respectivamente, de otro ejemplo de placa que comprende la estructura modular de la invención como panel de forjado, apreciándose las partes y elementos que comprende así como la configuración y disposición de las mismas; yFigures number 3-A and 3-B.- Show schematic views, in cross section and front elevation respectively, of another example of a plate that comprises the modular structure of the invention as a forging panel, showing the parts and elements it comprises. as well as their configuration and layout; and

la figura número 4.- Muestra una vista esquemática en alzado lateral de un ejemplo de montaje de algunos de los paneles mostrados en las figuras precedentes para conformar la construcción.Figure number 4.- Shows a schematic side elevation view of an example of assembly of some of the panels shown in the preceding figures to form the construction.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A la vista de las mencionadas figuras, y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada, se puede observar en ellas un ejemplo de realización no limitativa de la construcción modular de paneles prefabricados de la invención, la cual comprende lo que se describe en detalle a continuación.In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, one can see in them an example of a non-limiting embodiment of the modular construction of prefabricated panels of the invention, which comprises what is described in detail below.

Así, tal como se observa en dichas figuras, la construcción (1) objeto de la invención comprende, esencialmente, una pluralidad de paneles prefabricados, conformados por placas tipo sándwich con, al menos, una capa interior (5) y una capa exterior (6) entre las que existe un núcleo (7) ligero de aislamiento térmico y acústico, con la particularidad de que además comprenden, incorporada entre dichas capas, una estructura metálica de perfiles que, definiendo respectivamente pilares (8) en paneles verticales de pared (2, 3) y vigas (9) en paneles horizontales de forjado (4), se sueldan entre sí, siendo dicha estructura de perfiles apta para soportar las cargas de la construcción (1) motada como una edificación tal como una vivienda o similar de una o más plantas.Thus, as seen in said figures, the construction (1) object of the invention essentially comprises a plurality of prefabricated panels, made up of sandwich plates with, at least, an inner layer (5) and an outer layer ( 6) among which exists a light core (7) of thermal and acoustic insulation, with the particularity that it also comprises, incorporated between said layers, a metal structure of profiles that, respectively defining pillars (8) in vertical wall panels (2, 3) and beams (9) in horizontal forged panels (4), are welded together, said profile structure being suitable to support the loads of the construction (1) constructed as a building such as a home or similar with one or more floors.

De preferencia, las placas que definen los paneles de pared (2, 3) comprenden, como pilares (8) de la estructura metálica de soporte, al menos, dos perfiles metálicos en ángulo o de sección en forma de L, incorporados longitudinalmente a ambos lados de la placa, entre el núcleo (7) y la capa interior (5).Preferably, the plates that define the wall panels (2, 3) comprise, as pillars (8) of the metal support structure, at least two metal profiles at an angle or with an L-shaped section, incorporated longitudinally into both sides of the plate, between the core (7) and the inner layer (5).

Y, de preferencia, las placas que definen los forjados (4) comprenden, como vigas (9) de la estructura metálica de soporte, uno o más perfiles metálicos de sección en forma de IPN o IPE incorporados longitudinalmente entre el núcleo (7) y la capa interior (5).And, preferably, the plates that define the slabs (4) comprise, as beams (9) of the metal support structure, one or more metal section profiles in the form of IPN or IPE incorporated longitudinally between the core (7) and the inner layer (5).

De preferencia, para facilitar la soldadura entre los perfiles que definen los pilares (8) de los paneles de pared (2, 3) y las vigas (9) de los paneles de forjado (4), la capa interior (5), al menos en las placas de los paneles de pared (2, 3), presenta tramos descubiertos inferiores (10) y tramos descubiertos superiores (11) en que una porción de dichos perfiles de los pilares (8) quedan expuestos, tal que en ellos se puede soldar otro perfil.Preferably, to facilitate the welding between the profiles that define the pillars (8) of the wall panels (2, 3) and the beams (9) of the floor panels (4), the inner layer (5), at except in the plates of the wall panels (2, 3), it has lower exposed sections (10) and upper exposed sections (11) in which a portion of said profiles of the pillars (8) are exposed, such that they are exposed. You can weld another profile.

Además, en un modo de realización preferido, la construcción comprende la inclusión de unos perfiles adicionales de unión (12) que, conformados por ángulos dispuestos en posición horizontal, se colocan por la parte inferior y por la superior de los paneles de pared (2, 3) paredes en coincidencia con los antedichos tramos descubiertos (10, 11) de su cara interior, de modo que se irán uniendo con soldadura a los perfiles que definen los pilares (8).Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the construction comprises the inclusion of additional joining profiles (12) that, made up of angles arranged in a horizontal position, are placed at the bottom and top of the wall panels (2 , 3) walls in coincidence with the aforementioned exposed sections (10, 11) of its interior face, so that they will be joined with welding to the profiles that define the pillars (8).

Además, el perfil adicional de unión (12) superior, a su vez, sirve de apoyo para soportar las placas que conforman los paneles del forjado (4), tal como se aprecia en la figura 4.Furthermore, the additional upper connection profile (12), in turn, serves as a support to support the plates that make up the floor panels (4), as can be seen in Figure 4.

En un modo de realización, la construcción comprende paneles de pared inferiores (2), como el representado en las figuras 1-A y 1-B, destinados a conformar los cerramientos de pared de una planta inferior de la construcción (1) cuando esta tiene varias plantas, y paneles de pared superiores (3), como el representado en las figuras 2-A y 2-B, destinados a conformar los cerramientos de la planta superior de la construcción, bajo un tejado superior.In one embodiment, the construction comprises lower wall panels (2), such as the one represented in Figures 1-A and 1-B, intended to form the wall enclosures of a lower floor of the construction (1) when it is It has several floors, and panels of upper walls (3), like the one represented in figures 2-A and 2-B, intended to form the enclosures of the upper floor of the construction, under an upper roof.

De preferencia, en los paneles de pared inferiores (2), los tramos descubiertos inferior (10) y superior (11) de la capa interior (5) están situados respectivamente en los extremos o borde inferior y superior de la placa. Y, en los paneles de pared superiores (3), mientras el tramo descubierto inferior (10) está situado en el extremo o borde inferior de la placa, el tramo descubierto superior (11) está situado a cierta distancia del extremo o borde superior de la placa.Preferably, in the lower wall panels (2), the lower (10) and upper (11) exposed sections of the inner layer (5) are located respectively at the lower and upper ends or edges of the plate. And, in the upper wall panels (3), while the lower exposed section (10) is located at the lower end or edge of the plate, the upper exposed section (11) is located at a certain distance from the upper end or edge of the plate.

Por su parte, los paneles de forjado (4) servirán tanto para conformar el suelo de la planta baja como el techo y suelo de las demás plantas.For their part, the forged panels (4) will serve to form both the floor of the ground floor and the ceiling and floor of the other floors.

Además, de preferencia, tanto los paneles de pared (2, 3) como los de forjado (4), presentan, en los cantos laterales, entrantes (13) y salientes (14) que encajan entre sí de modo machihembrado para unir coplanariamente las placas.Furthermore, preferably, both the wall panels (2, 3) and the forged panels (4), have, on the side edges, recesses (13) and projections (14) that fit together in a tongue-and-groove manner to coplanarly join the plates.

De preferencia, el núcleo (7) ligero de aislamiento térmico y acústico de todos los paneles (2, 3, 4) está hecho poliestireno, preferentemente poliestireno de densidad 40.Preferably, the light thermal and acoustic insulation core (7) of all panels (2, 3, 4) is made of polystyrene, preferably 40 density polystyrene.

De preferencia, las capa interior (5) de los paneles de pared (2, 3) es de yeso laminado, más preferentemente de fibroyeso, o madera o fibrocemento o cerámica, mientras que la capa exterior (6), preferentemente, es de fibrocemento.Preferably, the inner layer (5) of the wall panels (2, 3) is made of laminated plaster, more preferably made of fibrous plaster, or wood or fiber cement or ceramic, while the outer layer (6) is preferably made of fiber cement. .

De preferencia, en los paneles de forjado (4), tanto la capa interior (5) como la exterior (6), que de hecho quedan situadas inferior y superiormente, son de fibrocemento.Preferably, in the forged panels (4), both the inner layer (5) and the outer layer (6), which are in fact located below and above, are made of fiber cement.

Por último, cabe destacar que, de preferencia, los paneles de pared (2, 3) y de forjado (4) se fabrican con las instalaciones correspondientes de electricidad, agua y desagües incorporados.Finally, it should be noted that, preferably, the wall panels (2, 3) and floor panels (4) are manufactured with the corresponding electricity, water and drainage installations incorporated.

Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, no se considera necesario hacer más extensa su explicación para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan. Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages that derive from it.

Claims

1. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels that, comprising a plurality of prefabricated panels, made up of sandwich plates with, at least, an inner layer (5) and an outer layer (6) between which there is a light core (7). of thermal and acoustic insulation, is characterized by the fact that said plates, in addition, comprise, incorporated between their layers, a metal structure of profiles that define, respectively, pillars (8) in vertical wall panels (2, 3) and beams (9) in horizontal floor panels (4), which are welded together, said profile structure being suitable to support the loads of the construction (1) assembled as a building such as a home or similar of one or more floors.

2. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates that define the wall panels (2, 3) comprise, as pillars (8) of the metal support structure, at least two metal profiles in angle or L-shaped section, incorporated longitudinally on both sides of the plate, between the core (7) and the inner layer (5).

3. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plates that define the slabs (4) comprise, as beams (9) of the metal support structure, one or more metal profiles with a shaped section. of IPN or IPE incorporated longitudinally between the core (7) and the inner layer (5).

4. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the inner layer (5), at least in the plates of the wall panels (2, 3), has lower exposed sections (10) and sections upper exposed parts (11) in which a portion of said profiles of the pillars (8) are exposed, such that another profile can be welded to them.

5. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the inclusion of additional joining profiles (12) that, made up of angles arranged in a horizontal position, are placed at the bottom and top of the panels. of wall (2, 3) walls in coincidence with the aforementioned exposed sections (10, 11) of its interior face.

6. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional upper connection profile (12) serves as a support to support the plates that make up the floor panels (4).

7. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it comprises lower wall panels (2), intended to form the wall enclosures of a lower floor of the construction (1), and upper walls (3), intended to form the enclosures of the upper floor of the construction, under an upper roof.

8. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to claim 7, characterized in that, in the lower wall panels (2), the lower (10) and upper (11) exposed sections of the inner layer (5) are located respectively in the ends or lower and upper edge of the plate; and, in the upper wall panels (3), the lower exposed section (10) is located at the lower end or edge of the plate and the upper exposed section (11) is located at a certain distance from the upper end or edge of the plate. plate.

9. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the light thermal and acoustic insulation core (7) of all the panels (2, 3, 4) is made of polystyrene.

10. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the inner layer (5) of the wall panels (2, 3) is made of laminated plaster or fibrogypsum or wood or fiber cement or ceramic.

11. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the outer layer (6) of the wall panels (2, 3) is made of fiber cement.

12. - Modular construction of prefabricated panels, according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that in the forged panels (4), both the inner layer (5) and the outer layer (6) are made of fiber cement.