WO2010128956A2

WO2010128956A2 - Innovation in building construction technology with pre-fabricated elements

Info

Publication number: WO2010128956A2
Application number: PCT/TR2010/000090
Authority: WO
Inventors: Inci Sengezer
Original assignee: Inci Sengezer
Priority date: 2009-05-08
Filing date: 2010-05-06
Publication date: 2010-11-11
Also published as: TR200903610A2; WO2010128956A3

Abstract

Building construction technique consisting of load carrying curtain column elements (1) used in building construction, load distributing beam elements (2) to be connected to the said curtain column elements (1), wall elements (3), floor/ceiling elements (4), column connection elements (5), support corner piece (6), support band (7) and secondary elements (9) for providing single- and multi-storey building construction by forming cells through their use together. The advantages provided by the invention in comparison to the current state of art in building are convenience for prefabrication, stepwise construction and easy storing, being provisional, renewability, changeability, fast installation, combination flexibility, arrangement flexibility and use flexibility, compatibility with other systems and thus fulfillment of sustainability criteria.

Description

INNOVATION IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY WITH PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS

The Related Art

The invention relates to building techniques. The invention particularly relates to building techniques which will provide carrying, transferring and balancing the vertical, horizontal, angular and dynamic (earthquake) loads effecting the buildings by using the same elements.

Current State of Art

In the related art the building loads are carried by load bearing system (C). The load bearing system (C) consists of two factors; one of them is the vertical load carrier having duty of transferring the loads to foundation (for instance columns (A), curtain wall) and horizontal load distributers having the duty of transferring the loads to vertical load carrier (for example beam (B) and floors).

The floors are used as load distributing elements as well as horizontal space forming elements. However, in each case their function is to distribute the loads having effects on the building through floor to vertical load carriers. The components of vertical space formers are wall elements having or not having rigidifying and carrying features.

The broadly used structural system technologies in building can be mainly divided into three groups, reinforced concrete systems, steel systems and wooden systems. Reinforced Concrete systems

Reinforced concrete systems are appropriate for supporting big loads by help of their resistance against high pressure. Stirrups and reinforcements are playing an essential role in resistance of buildings against earthquake. But steel use creates disadvantages in terms of costs due to high steel prices. Realization of reinforced structures occurs very slowly due to drying period. Use of precast parts in this technology is limited due to high weights of parts. The quantity of energy consumed in manufacturing and transporting of concrete is high [Hegger et.al 2005]. This situation causes inadequacies in terms of sustainability, flexibility and do- it yourself features in use of the technology. Construction with concrete is open to uncontrolled realization. At the end of the life cycle when concrete becomes waste, it is usually used as filling material [Hegger et. al 2005].

In brief, use of concrete is advantageous and meaningful in the buildings where light and elegant constructions are not needed, where high amount use of materials does not constitute a problem or is needed and where big loads are need to be supported.

Steel systems

Steel is made from iron ore or scrap. Scrap can be re-used. However, iron ore cannot be renewed. The need of lessening of energy consumption as much as possible stemming from sustainability concerns conflicts with the consumption of high energy amount used in steel manufacturing. Steel systems offer flexible structural solutions. Planning time can be longer. The construction period can be shortened if the parts are shipped to the building site being ready for mounting, although steel elements are light and elegant; they are suitable for carrying big loads. Connections in steel use are critical work and requires qualified workforce. Steel structures need to be protected from corrosion and fire, and are also weak against vibration and oscillation. Steel is not a sound insulation material [Hegger et. al 2005].

Wooden systems Wood is natural and renewable material which can be used without subjecting to complicated processes and causing waste. Quantity of fossil fuels used in its production is low [Herzog et.al 2003]. It does not contain any harmful elements to health unless subsequently treated. When the life of elements made of wood ends, they can be re-used, can be terminated by means of biological means and can also be used as energy or raw materials. The wood is convenient for precast and serial ό

production, which is a pre-requisite for today's technologies. Production of wooden structures is fast, the parts can be stored, can be transported easily, and wood is highly convenient for heat and sound insulation. Although it is a flammable material, the fire behavior is convenient [Affentranger et al. 2000]. Its feature of being light is a very important advantage for storing.

When different wooden systems are compared, the following findings are achieved; traditional systems such as log construction method (Figure-13) and timber frame construction (Figure-14) are expensive, require special workmanship and therefore their area of use is restrictive. Balloon frame (Figure-15), platform frame, wooden frame construction method (Figure-16), frame panel building method (Figure-17), massive wooden systems (Figure-18) and wooden cell and part systems of various sizes (Figure-19) have occurred after 1900s [Aichholzer et.al 1999]:

I. Skeletal constructions: These systems are able to cover wide spans.

II. Framing systems with studs: Depending upon their construction type, they are called Balloon-frame, Platform-frame, Timber-frame, and according to their level of pre-production, they are named as simple-frame, panel and cell systems.

III. New massive systems: Laminated glued timber and other boards, wooden layer stowing methods. Classical systems which rely fully on erection at the construction site such as conventional balloon frame are presently at a disadvantage under the current conditions. But derivations of classical systems like framework panels are suitable for industrial pre-production. Skeletal constructions afford the highest, panel systems the lowest level of planning freedom, thanks to the flexible placement possibility of their inner-walls. But some fields need to be fixed for horizontal stability. In these fields permeability differs according to fixing method. Any architectural plan can be applied to framework systems but they are not flexible enough and in general, developed for less-storey buildings. It is not possible to work with standard elements in multi-storey building applications. Their load-carrying capacities are low against horizontal forces and heavy loads [Bednar et.al 2005]. Framework walls do not easily allow alterations after construction (such as addition of new openings and modification of inner walls) because of their linear load carrying function. It's possible to produce cell units by use of framework systems [Aichholzer et.al 1999], [Bednar et.al 2005]. Since cell elements are difficult to transport, they are not appropriate for extensive use.

Skeletal and ripped constructions which depend on single (bar) elements increase the erection time and cost, and present problems for construction process control. Evaluation and analysis of panel-based construction systems have shown to possess more advantages as a result of their respective characteristics.

Some developments in the current state of art are in progress. The patent application numbered JP2000064427 and entitled "BUILDING FRAME AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD THEREFORE" discloses a lower cost and fast manufacturing technique. The patent application numbered WO 2005019553 and entitled "WALL STRUCTURE USING WOOD, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME" discloses a wall manufacturing technique by use of wooden elements with fireproof feature. The patent application numbered JP2008255713 and entitled "WOODEN BUILDING AND ITS SEISMIC REINFORCEMENT METHOD" discloses a wooden construction technique composed of rigid material parts. The patent application numbered EP1612343 and entitled "Wooden panel" aims to provide sound insulation of wooden panels and discloses sound absorption plate and openings located between the panels.

Technical problems intended to be solved in building sector

Sustainability discussions have suggested the necessity of getting farther from nonrenewable fossil energy sources. The energy consumed in building sector and the wastes occurring in production of building materials cause problems [IMSAD 2001], [Merl 2005]. For that reason, the priorities in the sector are listed as longer use periods for buildings; re-use of materials, building components and wastes [BBR 2005].The energy need caused by building arises from the manufacture and transportation of building materials, construction, use, operation and demolition of the building. For that reason, while conducting technological comparisons and evaluations , the energy saving calculations should be made in a manner covering entire life of a building [BBR 2005]. A survey conducted by German Building Association (Deutsches Wohnbund) in 2003 discloses that the basic energy need of a wooden house is fifty percent less than the energy need of a house build in brick-concrete technology.

The efforts in the building sector aim at reduction of operation and maintenance costs of buildings, shortening the building period, reduction of environmental damage, enhancement of energy efficiency, enhancement of use flexibility, quality guarantee, optimization of pre-construction and in-construction processes and improvement of building management [SAH 2002].

In developing countries problems as illegal formations, low quality in buildings and inadequacy of housing are observed in building construction. Such problems can be solved by choice of materials and technologies by architects and engineers as well as development and use of alternative technologies [Vizyon2023 2003], [CORRIM Lippke et al. 2004], [E-CORE 2005].

As it can be seen from the table above, the factors required for sustainability are classified under five separate titles. As it can be seen from the same table, the technologies available in the building construction field do not fully meet the some needs. Among them are compliance with easy storage, industrial prefabrication, fast installation, alternatives to change the built locations, re-use of the elements, ensuring flexibility in arrangements and offering combination alternatives, capability to provide matching with other systems and to use in combination thereof, convenience for gradual construction and the least waste and minimum consumption of non-renewable sources. It has been believed that development of a new building construction technique which will contribute to solution of the listed problems in the sector is necessary, so the invention of a new Unit Construction System has been realized.

Reference Numbers

A Load carrying column

B Load distributing beam p Load bearing system (current state of art)

1 Curtain column element 4 Floor/Ceiling element

1.1 External plate 4.1 Support cushion

1.2 Inner plate 5 Column connection element

1.3 Column strengthening element 6 Support corner piece

2 Beam element 7 Support band

2.1 External layer 8 Part

2.2 Inner layer 9 Secondary elements

2.3 Beam filling bar 9.1 Corbel element

3 Wall element 9.2 Bay-window element

3.1 External grid 9.3 Window element

3.2 Inner grid 9.4 Door elements

3.3 Protective coating 9.5 Wardrobe elements Description of Figures

Figure -1 a ; Is a perspective view showing column strengthening element (1.3) and the load carrying curtain column element (1) together in an illustrative embodiment made of wooden parts.

Figure -1 b ; Is a view of demounted status of inner plate (1.2) external plate (1.1) and column strengthening element (1.3) together with load carrying curtain column element (1) in the illustrative embodiment shown in figure 1a.

Figure -1c ; Is a view of demounted status of inner plate (1.2) external plate (1.1) and column strengthening element (1.3) together with a different type of load carrying curtain column element (1) in the illustrative embodiment shown in figure 1 a.

Figure -1d ; Is a view of illustrative demounted status of a variation of inner plate (1.2) forming the load carrying curtain column element (1), made by wooden parts (8) in the illustrative embodiment shown in figure 1a.

Figure -1e ; Is a view of illustrative manufacture of inner (1.2) and external plates (1.1 ) which can be made of parts located at different angles, in a variation of the load carrying curtain column element (1 ) in the illustrative embodiment shown in figure 1a.

Figure -1f ; Is a view of illustrative manufacture status of a variation of the load carrying curtain column element (1 ) made of parts at angular position to each other in the illustrative embodiment shown in figure 1a.

Figure -1g ; Is a view of demounted status of the body of the load carrying curtain column element (1) made of multi-part plates and column strengthening element (1.3) in the illustrative embodiment shown in figure 1a. Figure -1 h ; Is a different perspective view of the load carrying curtain column element (1) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -1i ; Is a view of demounted perspective view of a two different load carrying curtain column elements (1) and column connection element (5) in the illustrative embodiment shown in figure 1b and figure 1c.

Figure -1j ; Is the view of demounted load distributing beam element (2), beam filling bar (2.3), support band (7), support corner piece (6) and floor/ceiling element (4) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -2a ; Is a perspective pre-mounted view of curtain column elements (1) equipped and combined with column strengthening elements (1.3) and column connection elements (5), in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -2b ; Is a perspective post-mounted view of curtain column elements (1) and column connection elements (5) combined in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -2c ; Is a post mounted perspective view of load carrying column (A) formed by mounting curtain column elements (1) with column connection elements (5) combined in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -2d ; Is a perspective view of mounted two curtain column elements (1) which one is narrow and the other is wide combined in an illustrative embodiment of the invention,

Figure -2e ; Is a perspective view of mounted two wide curtain column elements (1) combined in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -2f ; Is a perspective view of mounted three curtain column elements (1) combined in an illustrative embodiment of the invention, where two of them are narrow. Figure -3a ; Is a perspective view indicating demounted status of all components (2.1 , 2.2, 2.3) of two load distributing beam elements (2) formed with multi- parts (8) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -3b ; Is perspective view of mounted inner (2.2) and external layers (2.1) of two beam elements (2) which can be formed as single-part or multi-part, and beam filling bar (2.3) of the illustrative embodiment of the invention as indicated in figure 3a.

Figure -3c ; Is a perspective view of the load distributing beam (B) formed after mounting the two beam elements (2) and locating the beam filling bar (2.3) of an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -3d ; Is a perspective view of demounted inner layer (2.2) and external layer (2.1 ) of beam element (2) of the illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -4 ; Is a perspective view of several curtain column elements (1) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention to form a building cell.

Figure -5 ; Is a perspective view of demounted status of one of the variations for fixing the curtain column elements (1) with beam elements (2) in order to form a building cell in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -6a ; Is a perspective view of pre-mounting status of the curtain column elements (1) with beam elements (2) in order to form building cell in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -6b ; Is a perspective post mounted view of building load bearing system (C) formed by curtain column elements (1) with beam elements (2) in order to form a building cell in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -7a ; Is a perspective view of demounted parts (8) that can form the floor/ceiling elements (4) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -7b ; Is a perspective view of mounted parts of the floor/ceiling elements (4) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -7c ; Is a perspective view of pre-mounting of the floor/ceiling elements (4) and support cushions (4.1) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -7d ; Is a perspective view of the floor/ceiling element (4) located onto support bands (7) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention. The support bands (7) in this embodiment are fixed to each other with support corner pieces (6) so the horizontal rigidity of the system is provided.

Figure -8a ; Is a perspective view indicating mounted status of the curtain column (1 ), beam (2) and floor/ceiling elements (4) in order to form building cells in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -8b ; Is a perspective view of formation of upper layer with the curtain column elements (1) in order to form building cells in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -9a ; Is a perspective view of pre-mounting of corbel (9.1 ), floor/ceiling (4) and bay-window elements (9.2) to construct a balcony in construction phase of building in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -9b ; Is a perspective view of post-mounting of corbel (9.1), floor/ceiling (4) and bay-window elements (9.2) to construct a balcony in construction phase of building in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -10a ; Is a perspective view of pre-mounting status of the wall elements (3) in order to form a covered building cell in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -10b ; Is a perspective view of post-mounting status of the wall elements (3) in order to form a covered building cell in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -11a ; Is a perspective view of pre-mounting status of sample window elements (9.3) in order to form a covered building cell in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -11 b ; Is a perspective view of post-mounting status of the sample window elements (9.3) in order to form a covered building cell in an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Figure -12a ; Is perspective view of pre-mounting status of external grids (3.1 ) and inner grids (3.2) of the wall element (3) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention made of parts (8).

Figure -12b ; Is perspective view of pre-mounting status of external grids (3.1) and inner grids (3.2) of the wall element (3) together with protective coating layers (3.3) in an illustrative embodiment of the invention made of parts (8).

Figure -12c ; Is perspective view of post-mounting status of external grids (3.1 ) and inner grids (3.2) of two wall elements (3) together with protective coating layers (3.3) before connection in an illustrative embodiment of the invention made of parts (8).

Figure -12d ; Is indicating a representative perspective view of pre mounted status of connected several wall elements (3) to door element (9.4) to a building cell constituting curtain column (1), beam (2), floor/ceiling (4) elements (in order to form interior space).

Figure -13 ; Is representative perspective view of the building manufactured by means of log construction method in the current state of art [proHolz Austria 2002].

Figure -14 ; Is representative perspective view of the building manufactured by means of timber frame construction method [Bayern 2002].

Figure -15 ; Is representative perspective view of the building manufactured by means of stud construction method [proHolz Austria 2002]. Figure -16 ; Is representative perspective view of the building manufactured by means of frame construction method [proHolz Austria 2002].

Figure -17 ; Is representative perspective view of the building manufactured by means of frame panel construction method [proHolz Austria 2002].

Figure -18 ; Is representative perspective view of the building manufactured by means of new massive wooden systems [proHolz Austria 2002].

Figure -19 ; Is representative perspective view of the building manufactured by means of wooden brick system [Affentranger et al. 2000].

Description of the Invention

The approach employed for solution of the problems Wooden systems have the potential to meet the requirements of construction sector. For that reason, it has been focused on new Unit Construction System containing similarities to the features of wooden systems. For this purpose, first of all, current wooden systems have been assessed in respect to plan flexibility, pre-fabrication degree, easy to mount and transport to construction site. When panel (Figures-15,17,18) and bar (Figure 16) systems are compared in respect to horizontal and vertical expansion feature, mounting, stiffening method, earthquake, space permeability and material consumption, it is observed that panel systems are more advantageous. However, it has been understood that the new technologies to be developed should contain advantages of both systems as much as possible since evaluations conducted thereon indicate that the advantages of bar building and panel building systems stems from different aspects.

In this case, the features of the system to be targeted in seeking alternatives to eliminate the weaknesses of current technologies should be as follows: — Permeability and flexibility of building spaces under stiffening considerations against lateral loads

— Simple element connections

— Limited element sizes — Fast and easy mounting

— Use of less material as much as possible

— Convenience for multi-storey, extension in time, do-it yourself applications

— Resistance against earthquake

According to the research studies, a new Unit Construction System being subject of this invention having features to meet the requirements listed above has been realized.

System elements

In order to achieve the said purposes, the elements have been developed and as a result a building construction technique being subject of this invention by use of new pre-fabricated elements has been realized.

The developed building technique is applied by use of nine different element groups indicated with reference numbers. The characteristics of the technique being subject of the invention is that it consists of load carrying curtain column elements (1) to be used in building construction, load distributing beam elements (2) to be connected to the curtain column elements (1), wall elements (3), floor/ceiling elements (4), column connection elements (5), support corner piece (6), support bands (7) and secondary elements (9). Corbel, bay-window, window and door elements referred to as secondary elements (9) are indicated in sample figures. The invention is a building construction technique containing load carrying column (A) (Figure 2c), load distributing beams (B) (Figure 3c) to be connected to the said columns (A).

A curtain column element (1) (Figure 1a) has been created convenient for forming combinations, that can be made from plates forming the load carrying vertical elements which can be connected perpendicular or angular manner to each other, in order to function of transferring building loads and dynamic or constant forces to foundation that may affect load carrying columns (A) in any direction. A beam element (2) (Figure 3a) which forms the load distributing beams (B) and may consist of layers has been formed.

A column strengthening element (1.3) (Figures -1a, 1 b, 1g, 1 h, 1 i) which increases the resistance of curtain column elements (1) is added to the sides against traction and pressure forces, has been formed. An external plate (1.1) forming external surfaces of curtain column elements (1 ) and/or an inner plate (1.2) (Figures 1 b, 1e) forming internal surfaces have been formed.

A column connection element (5) (Figures-1i, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2f) which can fix the curtain column elements (1) to each other has been formed. In order to form ceiling and floor, a support band (7) (Figure-7d) connected to beam element (2); a support corner piece (6) (Figure-7d) which can provide rigidity of the surface consisting of support bands (7), a floor/ceiling element (4) (Figure 7b, 7c) located on support bands (7), a support cushion (4.1) (Figure 7c) buffering floor/ceiling elements (4) to support band (7) have been formed. An external layer (2.1 ) forming external surfaces of beam elements (2) and inner layer (2.2) (Figures 3a, 3b) forming internal surfaces of the said beam elements (2) have been developed.

Several parts (8) (Figure 7a) which can form curtain column elements (1), beam elements (2), floor/ceiling elements (4) and wall elements (3) have been formed. A beam filling bar (2.3) (Figures-1j, 3a, 3b, 3c) which can fill the space between beam elements (2) have been formed.

A wall element (3) (Figure 10a) constituted by single or multi-part grids forming space constituting elements in the building has been created. An external grid (3.1) made of spaced or non-spaced combined horizontal angular or non-angular parts (8) or one or several panels forming external surface of the wall element (3) and an inner grid (3.2) (Figures-12a, 12b) made of spaced or non-spaced combined horizontal angular or non-angular parts (8) or one or several panels forming internal surface of the said wall element (3) have been provided. Secondary elements (9) corbel element (9.1), bay-window element (9.2), window element (9.3), door elements (9.4), wardrobe elements (9.5) (Figures -9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b) which can undertake building facade and space arrangement functions and can achieve duty of window, balcony, bay have been provided. Invented Unit Construction System consists of process steps of production of curtain column elements (1) made of one or several plates, production of load carrying column (A) by using of the said curtain column elements (1), formation of beam element (2) made of one or several layers, formation of load bearing system (C) by connection of the said beam elements (2) to load carrying columns (A) and/or to curtain column elements (1), formation of floor/ceiling elements (4) from parts (8) or panels, placement of the said floor/ceiling elements (4) onto the said beam elements (2), formation of wall elements (3) from grids, connection of the said wall elements (3) between the said floor/ceiling elements (4), beam elements (2) and curtain column elements (1) in order to form building spaces. The curtain column elements (1) can be connected to each other at any point or be located separately. It is the column connection element (5) which connects the curtain column elements (1) to each other. It is the column strengthening elements (1.3) which can help connection of beam elements (2) to curtain column elements (1) and provides reinforcement of curtain column elements (1). Support band (7) provides location for floor/ceiling element (4) between the beam elements (2). It is the support corner piece (6) which can provide or increase rigidity of the load bearing system (C) at horizontal plane by help of support bands (7).

Secondary elements (9) as corbel elements (9.1), bay-window elements (9.2), window elements (9.3), door elements (9.4), wardrobe elements (9.5) can be used by undertaking building facade and space arrangement functions (e.g. window, balcony, bay) .

Basic unit (the core) of the invention is a cell which can be constructed by use of the developed elements and is convenient for various types of utilizations. This cell unit is considered as a basic building unit. Its shape and size may vary. The building constructed with this technique by using the cell as building unit is convenient for extension through simple adding method in horizontal and vertical direction. There is no limit for extension in horizontal direction. Extension in vertical direction varies depending on element connections and material choices. Curtain column elements (1) in the system can be added to each other in a manner allowing different cell sizes or increasing rigidity, and/or can be supported by different parts. The alternative constituting a representative sample of the invention has arisen from the belief that use of massive wooden or wooden composite materials can be advantageous although raw material choices for the new unit construction system is not restrictive. A representative sample of the embodiment provided by use of this method has been presented. The application method may change depending on the selected material.

The representative embodiment allowed by the invention contains curtain column elements (1) which can be made from multi-numbered combined parts (8) or one or more than one panel to meet the required building loads. Thus it is provided to transfer loads from different directions to foundation. The said curtain column elements (1) may contain layers not having load supporting feature.

An external plate (1.1) made of several parts (8) or one or more panels having or not having load supporting feature, fixed to each other at horizontally with angle or without such angle, which forms outer surfaces of the said curtain column element (1) has been provided.

An inner plate (1.2) made of several parts (8) or one or more panels having or not having load supporting feature, fixed to each other at horizontally with angle or without such angle, which forms inner surfaces of the said curtain column element (1) has been provided. A column connection element (5) has been realized, to combine the curtain column elements (1) in the desired way and number to form a load carrying column (A) which can be produced as an entire bar or from multi number of parts.

In order to ensure distribution of building loads, beam elements (2) constituting the building load distributer which can be made from parts (8) or one or more panels have been provided. Thus it is ensured transferring the loads from different directions to curtain column elements (1).

An external layer (2.1) made of several parts (8) or one or more panels having or not having load supporting feature, fixed to each other at horizontally angular or without angle, which forms outer surfaces of the said beam element (2) has been provided.

An inner layer (2.2) made of several parts (8) or one or more panels having or not having load supporting feature, fixed to each other at horizontally angular or without angle, which forms inner surfaces of the said beam element (2) has been provided.

In order to form internal and external walls, a wall element (3) which can be made from parts (8) combined in several numbers or one or more panels has been provided. Thus formation of required spaces has been provided.

The layers of the said wall element (3) may not be of load carrying feature.

An external grid (3.1) constituted by multi-parts (8) located in spaced or non/spaced manner or one or more panels and forming outer surfaces of the said wall element (3) has been provided.

An inner grid (3.2) constituted by multi-parts (8) located in spaced or non/spaced manner or one or more panels within the said wall element (3) has been provided.

In order to ensure distribution of building loads to beam elements (2), a floor/ceiling element (4) which can be made from parts (8) combined in several numbers and forming building load distributing, or one or more panels have been provided. Thus it is ensured transferring the loads affecting the building to beam elements (2).

In order to ensure distribution of building loads to beam elements (2) forming building load distributer a support band (7) which constitutes a support for floor/ceiling elements (4) and be connected to beam elements (2) has been provided. Thus it is ensured to transmit the transferred loads from floor/ceiling of the building to beam elements (2).

A support corner piece (6) which is formed in a manner to be fixed to support band (7) has been provided. Thus it is ensured to rigidity of the cell unit further against horizontal loads. Parts (8) in several numbers which can be used to form the all said elements have been provided.

Supplementary secondary elements (9) have been provided in order to complete and extend the system. They are corbel (9.1), bay-window (9.2), window (9.3), door (9.4) and wardrobe (9.5) elements.

Detailed Description of the Invention

The elements of the invention developed and described in details below have been designed in a manner where they are capable of meeting various building shapes and plan forms so preventing from monotony and also meet changes in needs and even being capable of adaptation to fast changes.

Main elements

The elements of the new building technology being subject of the invention are divided into two parts based on their functions. Load bearing system group (Figure 1i, 1j) consisting of curtain column element (1), column connection element (5), floor/ceiling element (4), beam element (2) and supplementary system group (Figures-1i,1j,9a,10a,11a) consisting of support band (7), support corner piece (6), wall elements (3), secondary elements (9).

Main parts of the system are curtain column elements (1) (Figure-1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1h, 1i). The characteristic of the curtain column elements (1) is that they are able to transmit both vertical (constant and dynamic loads) and horizontal (wind, earthquake etc.) forces. In this respect, it differs from skeleton systems responsible to transmit vertical loads toward certain spots and requiring external horizontal strengthening (for example by means of walls) and from panel systems transmitting vertical loads linearly and having horizontal strength but for that reason limiting space permeability and flexibility. In short, vertical elements form a kind of curtain wall but existence of openings among elements provides flexibility and permeability.

Vertical elements consist of layers which can be connected by preferred way (nails, plugs, glue etc.). The characteristics of the layers are determined according to the needs (for instance, resistance against water, high heat insulation etc.). Such layers can be made of adequately dried simple wooden parts (8) as well as made by use of various building materials. The number of the layers may vary depending on the material used therein, number of storeys and type of application (coated or open). Figures-Id, 1e, 1f, 1g and 1 h show a sample indicating formation of such elements.

Curtain column elements (1) can be supported by column strengthening elements (1.3) to face the traction forces on outer edges if required and to help transferring of vertical loads (Figures-1a,1 b,1c,1g,1 h). These parts also form a bearing for beam elements (2) which will be inserted and thus provide easy installation (Figures-3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and Figure-5).

Curtain column elements (1) at different width could be grouped with two, three or, when required, more parts and thus it is possible to provide different combinations, and structures to meet requirements of provided plans (Figures-2c, 2d, 2e, 2f). Such combinations could be provided by fixing two vertical elements with column connection elements (5) like forming a welding seam. If such elements are envisaged, they can also be used as corner piece element connecting two curtain column elements (1) at the edges. Column connection elements (5) can be coated or left exposed to air depending on the needs and characteristics of the selected material. Curtain column elements (1 ) can also be located separately.

Beam elements (2) are fixed to the curtain column elements from one or two sides and thus provide operation of the system as a frame. Beams consist of layers which can be connected by preferred way (nail, plug, dowel, glue etc.) and may have or have not carrying characteristics. They can be made spaced or none spaced, from angular, vertical or horizontally arranged parts (8) or one or more panels. In the sample shown in the figures, while spaced inner layer (2.2) constitutes a plane frame, rigidity is provided by crossed-layer (Figures-3a, 3b, 3c, 3d). Floor/ceiling elements (4) consists of parts (8) are connected in any manner (nail, plug, dowel, glue, screw, etc.) (Figure-1j, Figure-7a, Figure-7b). Similar systems are frequently seen in Central Europe (Thoma, Merk). What is different here is that the floor/ceiling elements matching the cell sizes taken as basis and can be produced within the system by pre-fabrication. In addition to rigidity provided to the cell by the curtain column elements (1), it is also intended to provide rigidity in the floor plane by support bands (7) and support corner pieces (6) by fixing to each other. Thus it has been allowed to insert and remove the located floor/ceiling elements (4) without damaging support features of the building. In addition, when if the type of use of building and geological position requires, several floor/ceiling elements (4) can be connected and behaves as a single part in static context. Forming a bearing made of durable material in supporting areas is advantageous. This part which is called as support cushion (4.1) will prevent wearing caused by constant pressure or heat changes in the part where loads are transmitted and also provide fixing of parts before formation and montage of floor/ceiling elements (4) (Figures-7b,7c,7d).

Support band (7) can be divided into parts as to needs and located on spots. Linear support to be located in four directions providing the aimed flexibility and changing features seems advantageous. In this way, the distribution and transmission of loads to the floor/ceiling element (4) and to the support can be realized in preferred direction. Support band (7) has been formed that it can be fixed to the beam element (2) (Figure-1j, Figure-7d). Wall elements (3) have similarities with load carrying curtain column elements (1). The inner grid (3.2) located in the middle is made of parts (8), equipped with spaced formed outer grid (3.1) on two sides. These spaces creates place for technical demands (water, electricity etc.). Wall elements (3) provide sub-ground for plastering in traditional manner and can also be coated with building materials as to needs and requests. This layer is called as protective coating (3.3). If protective coating (3.3) is not desired, it can be left as it is by changing type, thickness or number of element layers.

If planned in the form of hanging downwards from the beam (2) or floor/ceiling (4) elements, it can be attached to the ground by few spot connections (Figure-12d).

Secondary elements

Secondary elements have been considered to accompany the main elements in order to help controlled and fast construction. The said secondary elements can also be used together with different systems and materials other than the system stated above. Use of the secondary elements described below which are a part of the unit construction system being subject of the invention as well as a complementary embodiment. Window elements (9.3) have been developed complementary to the invention of Unit Construction System. Sizes and shapes of the window elements can be arranged as to needs, and can be combined with wall elements (3) or among themselves.

Door elements (9.4) have also been developed as complementary to the Unit Construction System. Sizes and shapes of the door elements (9.4) can be arranged as to needs, and can be combined with wall elements (3) or among themselves (Figure-12d).

Wardrobe elements (9.5) have been intended to separate inner spaces in order to complete the unit construction system. Sizes and shapes of the wardrobe elements can be arranged as to needs, and can be combined with wall elements or among themselves. Niches can be constructed without using doors. When they applied as allowing passing through among both sides, they can also be used as transition area between two spaces.

A load carrying curtain column element (1) made of a plate (1.1 ,1.2) which made of parts or a panel as shown in figure-1a or a load carrying column (A) which is a load carrying vertical element made by combination of curtain column elements (1) is provided. Thus transferring of all loads and forces affecting the building (vertical, horizontal, angular, dynamic, constant etc.) to the foundation is provided (Figures-2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2f, Figure-4). Transferring of all loads (vertical, horizontal, angular, dynamic, constant etc.), affecting the building, to the foundation is provided by an spaced or non spaced external plate (1.1) consisting of one or more panels or parts (8) having or not having angles to horizontal plane forming external surfaces of the curtain column element (1) (Figures-1b,1c,1e). If the inner plate has the feature of carrying all loads, the external plate may not have the feature of carrying.

Transferring of all loads (vertical, horizontal, angular, dynamic, constant etc.), affecting the building, to the foundation is provided by an spaced or non spaced inner plate (1.2) consisting of one or more panels or parts (8) having or not having angles to horizontal plane forming internal layers of the curtain column element (1) (Figures- 1b,1c,1e). If the external plate has the feature of carrying all loads, the internal plate may not have the feature of carrying. If required, column strengthening elements (1.3) can be connected to the edges, which increase particularly resistance against traction and pressure forces on outer edges of curtain column elements (1). Column strengthening elements (1.3) are provided in a manner that they can also be fixed to the beam elements (2). A further connection can be provided between curtain column elements (1) and beam elements (2) by help of column strengthening elements (1.3).

In order to provide curtain column element (1) combinations, curtain column elements (1) are kept together by help of a column connection element (5) connected to the curtain column elements (1) from any points. Horizontal load distributing beam (B) is provided by a load distributing beam element (2) made from the parts (8) shown in figures-3a, 3b, 3c and 3d or one or more panels (2.1, 2.2), and beam element (2) combinations. Transferring of all loads affecting the building (vertical, horizontal, angular, dynamic, constant forces etc.) to the curtain column elements (1) is provided by means of beam elements (2) and beam element (2) combinations.

Transferring of all loads (vertical, horizontal, angular, dynamic, constant etc.), affecting the building, to curtain column elements (1) is provided by an spaced or non spaced external layer (2.1) consisting of one or more panels or parts (8) parallel to each other having or not having angles to horizontal plane forming external surfaces of the beam elements (1). If the inner layer has the feature of carrying all loads, the external layer may not have the carrying feature.

Transferring of all loads (vertical, horizontal, angular, dynamic, constant etc.) affecting the building to curtain column elements (1) is provided by an spaced or non spaced inner layer (2.2) consisting of one or more panels or parts (8) parallel to each other having or not having angles to horizontal plane forming internal surfaces of the beam elements (2). If the external layer has the feature of carrying all loads, the inner layer may not have the carrying feature. (Figures.- 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 5).

A beam filling bar (2.3) which fills the spaces between the beam elements (2) shown in figures-3a, 3b and 3c may consist of parts (8) is provided. A floor/ceiling element (4), consisting combined parts (8) and forming horizontal areas of the cells which are consisted of curtain column elements (1) and beam elements (2) as shown in figures 6a and 6b is provided. Floor/ceiling element (4) is formed by multi-numbered parts (8) by using nails, dowels, glues etc. Ceiling elements transfers the loads to the beams through support band (7) and then to the curtain column elements (1) (Figures-7a, 7b, 7c and 7d). The parts (8), shown in Figure-7c, are kept together by a support cushion (4.1) which is made of durable materials, fixed to multi part floor/ceiling element (4) and providing protection and reinforcement in supporting section,.

If it is required, in order to provide rigidity in horizontal plane of the support bands (7), a support corner piece (6) is provided. The used material type is not restrictive. As indicated in Figure 7d, a support band (7) is developed, which provides placement of floor/ceiling elements (4) to the cells (figures-6a, 6b) composed of curtain column elements (1) and beam elements (2) and supporting horizontal stability of cells together with support corner pieces (6) when required. Support band (7) (Figures-1j, 7d) is considered as the bearing where the ceiling/floor elements are located. The used material type is not restrictive. Support band (7) functions to transfer the loads generated by ceiling/floor elements (4) and affecting forces from outside to the beam elements (2).

In order to form spaces, wall element (3) composed of parts (8) or panels with one or more grids (3.1 , 3.2) and combination of wall elements (3) are provided to constitute the external or internal space borders of the cells which creates the load bearing system (C) having curtain column elements (1) and beam elements (2) shown in Figures 6b, 10a and 10b.

Spaced or non spaced external grid (3.1) consisting of one or more panels or parts (8) parallel to each other having or not having angles to horizontal plane forming external surfaces of the wall elements (3) shown in Figures-12a,12b and 12c has been provided.

Spaced or non spaced inner grid (3.2) consisting of one or more panels or parts (8) parallel to each other having or not having angles to horizontal plane forming external surfaces of the wall elements (3) shown in Figures-12a,12b and 12c has been provided. ^

Several parts (8) as shown in figure 7a and figure 1d which can form curtain column elements (1), beam elements (2), wall elements (3) and floor/ceiling elements (4) have been formed.

Secondary elements (9) consist of corbel element (9.1), bay-window element (9.2), window element (9.3), door element (9.4) and wardrobe element (9.5).

Advantages of the novelty being subject of the invention

The advantages provided by the invention in comparison to the current state of art in building construction are as follows;

Suitability for industrial prefabrication: Industrial pre-fabrication provides benefits like higher quality, safer construction, controlled costs and minimized resource use. A new Unit Construction System which is subject of the invention is rational since it can be produced by industrial pre-fabrication.

Convenience for Storage: The elements of the new Unit Construction System constituting subject of the invention are convenient for easy storage after production. Fast installation: The new Unit Construction System being subject of the invention is characterized in that it contributes to easy and fast building construction because of reduction in construction and waiting phases, and so increase supply elasticity of the sector.

Availability of space alterations: Space changes in mineral based construction methods are possible through various destructive works that are exhausting, noisy and polluting. In wooden building field, all systems other than skeleton systems

(Figure 16), which requires expensive and first class wooden materials, have been arranged according to distribute the loads linearly through plate-like elements

(Figures 13,14,15,17,18). Each layer used here is effective in terms of carrying or rigidifying. For that reason, it is difficult to make changes without causing structural strength loss later on proposed and applied plan. The spaces provided by use of the new Unit Construction System being subject of the invention, that is different from the above mentioned systems, allows the user to make changes later as to needs. Since curtain columns provide horizontal and vertical stability, they could be arranged allowing openings between spaces within a certain order. The space forming wall ^

elements (3) and other elements (9) have no load affects other than their weight on the load bearing system (C).

Availability for temporary buildings and renewability: The building elements forming the cells are of mountable and removable feature. For that reason, in case of damage, they could be replaced, removed without any loss and reused. Since buildings produced by this technology are demountable and re-mountable, they are suitable for creating structures such as rural, agricultural, disaster buildings, vacation residences and temporary structures, provisional buildings in preservation areas. The elements of the system can be removed and stored for further use. Flexibility in arrangement, diversity in combination and flexibility for different use styles: Space functioning in the current construction techniques in multi-storey housing sector can only be planned in determined and non-changeable manner in the long-term. The system being subject of the invention allowing formation of building from cells of any sizes enables the user to have flexibility in architectural planning and identification with living spaces. In this system elements can be used in various combinations and rough construction phase becoming a simple mounting process. Plan, function and facade arrangement can be changed.

Compatibility and usability with other systems: The new Unit Construction System constituting a light system may provide new structures by adding flats to existing buildings or attaching horizontal areas. With such features it can be used for regional city renovation projects as well as restoration of existing buildings. The new Unit Construction System constituting subject of the invention can be coated and arranged in different manners. The suggested building elements can be used together with other systems, for example, floor/ceiling (4) elements in concrete or steel frame structures, and curtain column elements (1) with composite floor/ceiling systems.

Convenience for stepwise construction: Existing technologies are not convenient for gradual applications called as do-it yourself or stepwise. Prefabrication in concrete systems remains very limited due to weight factor. However, steel systems can particularly be used for wide span constructions but constitute an expensive alternative for multi-storey housing sector. New Unit Construction System may meet the need for changes that might occur in time. With the same system building groups or existing structures may be concentrated or removed according to a certain scenario in time. Functional changes are possible. Fast installation characteristics allow its use as disaster housing. Current practice is to construct temporary disaster shelters and to dismantle them later. Provisional buildings and/or disaster housings in the new Unit Construction System being subject of the invention can be converted into permanent housing areas by time and then office areas in case of centralization of the region, and physical conditions thereof can be improved according to developments. New Unit Construction System can be an effective alternative for restoration of squatters and city renewals.

Sustainability: The system being subject of the invention contains the features of providing contribution to environment and sustainability in terms of limiting energy consumption, lessening of wastes and by re-usability of elements.

As it can be easily understood from the descriptions given above, the invention meets the development needs required in the building technology considerably and therefore, the existing state of art has been exceeded.

Application of the invention to the industry

The new building technique being subject of the invention can be applied by use of the building elements being subject of the invention and developed as a result of researches. The building elements used in the system being subject of the invention will be manufactured in compliance with the technical drawings to be issued by architects and engineers and produced by use of preferably serial production techniques, and installed on construction site. The calculations made during the researches indicate that the production cost compete with existing technologies. Since the elements being subject of the invention will be used in construction of load bearing system (C), out of standard products should not be used. Because of that it is necessary to conduct the production in a manner ensuring quality and technical specifications. For that reason, it should be protected by patent.

The invention consists of construction of vertical load carriers by curtain column elements (Figure-4), construction of load carrying frame by connection of vertical load carriers with the beams (figure-5,6a, 6b), installation of floor/ceiling elements to load carrying frame (Figure-8a, 8b), then installation of complementary elements as wall (Figure 10a, 10b), corbel (Figure 10b), bay-window (Figure 10b), window (Figure 10a, 10b) and door (Figure 12d) elements and thus formation of indoor areas, completion of rough construction and by this way to use the elements in order to construct single- and multi-storey buildings.

In brief, the invention covers the use of said building elements separately or together with other systems, in new buildings, in single and multi-storey building construction for building restorations, completions and extension by a requested method or similar methods. The invention cannot be limited to the illustrative embodiments given in the figures. Alternative embodiments that can be developed by persons skilled in the related art on basis of basic factors covered under scope of protections indicated under claims shall mean violation of the invention.

Claims

1. The invention relates to a building construction technique containing load carrying column (A), load distributing beams (B) to be connected to the said columns (A) and it is characterized in that it consists of;

- at least one curtain column element (1 ) which forms load carrying vertical elements and can be made from plates in order to assume function of transferring building loads to foundation of dynamic or constant forces that may affect the said load carrying columns (A) in any direction, and convenient for forming combinations by means of perpendicular or angular connection to each other,

- at least one beam element (2) which forms elements of the said load distributing beams (B) and can consist of layers.

2. A building technique according to claim 1 and it is characterized in that it consists of at least one column strengthening element (1.3) enhancing resistance against traction and pressure forces to the said curtain column elements (1).

3. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of at least one external plate (1.1) forming external surfaces of the said curtain column element (1) and/or at least one inner plate (1.2) forming the internal surfaces.

4. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of at least one column connection element (5) which can fix the said curtain column elements (1) to each other.

5. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that, in order to form ceiling and floor, it consists of

- at least one support band (7) connected to the beam element (2) - at least one support corner piece (6) which can provide rigidity of the surface formed from the said support bands (7),

- at least one floor/ceiling element (4) which is seated onto the said support bands (7), - at least one support cushion (4.1), buffering the said floor/ceiling elements (4) to the support band (7).

6. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of at least one external layer (2.1) forming external surfaces of the said beam elements (2) and/or at least one inner layer

(2.2) forming the internal surfaces of the said beam elements (2).

7. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of multi numbered parts (8) for forming the said curtain column elements (1), beam elements (2), floor/ceiling elements

(4) and wall elements (3).

8. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of at least one beam filling bar (2.3) which can fill the space between the said beam elements (2).

9. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of at least one wall element (3) forming elements constituting spaces in the said structure and formed from single and/or multi-part grids.

10. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of at least one external grid (3.1) forming external surface of wall element (3) and made of spaced or non-spaced combined horizontal angular or non-angular parts (8) or one or more panels and at least one inner grid (3.2) forming internal surface of the said wall element (3) and made of spaced or non-spaced combined horizontal angular or non-angular parts (8) or one or more panels.

11. A building technique according to any one of the above claims and it is characterized in that it consists of secondary elements (9) which can perform functions of building facade and space arrangement (e.g. window, balcony, bay), corbel element (9.1), bay-window element (9.2), window element (9.3), door elements (9.4), wardrobe elements (9.5).

12. The invention relates to a building construction method containing load carrying column (A), load distributing beams (B) to be connected to the said columns (A) and it is characterized in that it consists of process steps of

- formation of curtain column elements (1) from one or more plates,

- formation of load carrying column (A) by the said curtain column elements (1),

- formation of beam element (2) from one or more layers,

- formation of load bearing system (C) by means of connection of the said beam elements (2) to load carrying columns (A) and/or curtain column elements (1), - formation of floor/ceiling elements (4) from parts (8) or panels,

- placement of the said floor/ceiling elements (4) onto the said beam elements (2),

- formation of wall elements (3) from the grids,

- connection of the said wall elements (3), in order to form space between the said floor/ceiling elements (4), beam elements (2) and curtain column elements (1).

13. A building method according to claim 12 and it is characterized in that it is at least two curtain column elements (1) connected to each other at one point or located separately.

14. A building method according to claim 12 and it is characterized in that it is a column connection element (5) fixing the said curtain column elements (1 ) to each other.

15. A building method according to claim 12 and it is characterized in that it is the column strengthening elements (1.3) which can help connection of said beam elements (2) to curtain column elements (1 ) and provides reinforcement of curtain column elements (1).

16. A building method according to claim 12 and it is characterized in that it is a support band (7) providing placement of the said floor/ceiling element (4) between the beam elements (2).

17. A building method according to claim 12 and it is characterized in that it is the support corner piece (6) which can provide or increase rigidity of load bearing system (C) by help of support bands (7) at horizontal plane.

18. A building method according to claim 12 and it is characterized in that it may consist of secondary elements (9); corbel element (9.1), bay-window element (9-2), window element (9.3), door element (9.4), wardrobe element (9.5) which can perform functions of building facade and space arrangement and perform duties of window, balcony, bay in completion of the said building construction.