ES1228969U

ES1228969U - Solid perforated brick. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Info

Publication number: ES1228969U
Application number: ES201930547U
Authority: ES
Inventors: Madrid Francisco Javier Molina
Original assignee: Dragados SA
Current assignee: Dragados SA
Priority date: 2018-12-18
Filing date: 2019-04-04
Publication date: 2019-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-04
Also published as: ES1228969Y

Abstract

Perforated solid brick, constituted by a ceramic block, provided with vertical perforations (11, 12) that in its installation are partially or totally filled with mortar, providing it with characteristics of mechanical resistance and fire characteristic of a solid brick, characterized in that it comprises Two types of perforations: a first group of regular perforations (11) that occupy longitudinally a central line and a series of lateral perforations (12) of smaller width than the previous ones and located between them, forming a brick of long and high equivalent to a standard brick (2), but with 2-4 cm wide (L) less than this. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION

Ladrillo macizo perforado.Solid perforated brick.

Sector de la tecnicaSector of the technique

El objeto de la invencion es un ladrillo macizo perforado, destinado a ser empleado en la construccion de edificios y en trabajos de albanilerla en general.The object of the invention is a solid perforated brick, intended to be used in the construction of buildings and in works of albanilerla in general.

Estado de la tecnicaState of the art

En la construccion de edificios es habitual el empleo de ladrillos ceramicos de arcilla cocida, provistos de perforaciones, cuyo volumen total de huecos suele ser inferior al 45% del volumen total del ladrillo. Un ladrillo se considera macizo, o bien cuando el volumen total de los huecos es inferior al 25%, o bien cuando los huecos se disponen en sentido vertical, de forma que el mortero que se coloca entre las sucesivas filas de ladrillos, formando las tlpicas llagas o juntas que se aprecian en cualquier pared de ladrillo, se introduce por dentro de estos huecos facilitando una buena adhesion del mortero con el ladrillo, asegurando una buena resistencia mecanica y estanqueidad y convirtiendolo a nivel constructivo en un ladrillo macizo, ya que los huecos quedan rellenos practicamente en su totalidad.In the construction of buildings it is usual the use of ceramic clay bricks, provided with perforations, whose total volume of holes is usually less than 45% of the total brick volume. A brick is considered solid, either when the total volume of the holes is less than 25%, or when the holes are arranged vertically, so that the mortar that is placed between the successive rows of bricks, forming the typical Sores or joints that can be seen in any brick wall, is inserted inside these holes facilitating a good adhesion of the mortar with the brick, ensuring a good mechanical resistance and tightness and turning it into a solid brick construction level, as the gaps they are almost completely filled.

Los ladrillos macizos de arcilla cocida, con perforation vertical, presentan medidas estandarizadas y actualmente, en la mayorla de las obras de uso residencial y altura inferior a 30m es comun el uso de ladrillos perforados entre 11-13 cm de ancho.The solid bricks of baked clay, with vertical perforation, present standardized measures and currently, in the majority of the works of residential use and height below 30m is common the use of perforated bricks between 11-13 cm wide.

Cuando es necesario realizar trabajos de impermeabilizacion de terrazas, cubiertas, patios interiores, etc. es necesario subir la tela asfaltica para que forme un babero en la fachada que evite que la humedad entre en el interior del edificio, sobre todo en caso de atoro de los desagues de cubierta/terraza. Con la finalidad de evitar la formation de un zocalo sobresaliente es necesario generar un espacio que permita ocultar estos baberos de tela asfaltica, para lo cual se recurre a picar un ojo del ladrillo por la cara exterior y posteriormente enfoscar la superficie de los ladrillos para evitar pinchazos en la tela, antes de colocarla formando dicho babero, para posteriormente sobre ella colocar el mortero de agarre del aplacado exterior. When it is necessary to perform waterproofing work on terraces, decks, interior patios, etc. it is necessary to raise the asphalt fabric so that it forms a bib on the façade that prevents moisture from entering the interior of the building, especially in case of roof / terrace drains. In order to avoid the formation of an outstanding base, it is necessary to create a space that allows to hide these asphalt cloth bibs, for which it is necessary to chop an eye of the brick on the exterior face and later render the surface of the bricks to avoid punctures in the fabric, before placing it forming said bib, for later on it to place the gripping mortar of the exterior cladding.

Por otro lado, las dimensiones y materiales de las divisiones interiores en una edificacion vienen determinadas por el codigo tecnico, en el cual se incluyen unas tablas que establecen los requerimientos de resistencia al fuego mmimos para la solucion constructiva elegida y la que aportan los elementos de fabrica de ladrillo. Actualmente en obras de uso residencial y altura inferior a 30 m es comun el uso de ladrillo hueco de 7 cm de ancho, con doble guarnecido de yeso para conseguir cumplir con las especificaciones de resistencia al fuego requeridas. En este terreno seria deseable disponer de un ladrillo de ancho equivalente, pero que, por tratarse de un ladrillo macizo, cumpla de por si sobradamente con dichos requisitos frente al fuego, sin necesidad de las guarniciones de yeso, para conseguir un ahorro de espacio de unos 3 cm de espesor en las paredes, con igual o superior resistencia mecanica.On the other hand, the dimensions and materials of the interior divisions in a building are determined by the technical code, which includes tables that establish minimum fire resistance requirements for the constructive solution chosen and that provided by the elements of brick factory Currently in residential use works and height below 30 m is common the use of hollow brick of 7 cm wide, with double plaster trim to achieve meet the required fire resistance specifications. In this area it would be desirable to have a brick of equivalent width, but which, being a solid brick, more than meets the fire requirements, without the need for gypsum linings, to save space. about 3 cm thick on the walls, with equal or superior mechanical resistance.

Explicacion de la invencionExplanation of the invention

Con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, mencionados en los apartados anteriores, la invencion propone un ladrillo macizo perforado, que tiene las caracteristicas de la reivindicacion 1. Segun esta, este ladrillo incluye dos tipos de perforaciones: un primer grupo de perforaciones regulares que ocupan longitudinalmente una lmea central y una serie de perforaciones laterales de menor ancho que las anteriores y situadas entre ellas, conformando un ladrillo de largo y alto equivalentes a un ladrillo estandar, pero con 2-4 cm de ancho menos que dicho ladrillo convencional. En una realization preferencial las perforaciones centrales son circulares, y las perforaciones laterales son semicirculares, situandose su cara recta hacia el exterior.In order to achieve the proposed objectives, mentioned in the previous sections, the invention proposes a perforated solid brick, which has the characteristics of claim 1. According to this, this brick includes two types of perforations: a first group of regular perforations that occupy longitudinally a central line and a series of lateral perforations of smaller width than the previous ones and located between them, forming a brick of long and high equivalent to a standard brick, but with 2-4 cm of width less than said conventional brick. In a preferential realization the central perforations are circular, and the lateral perforations are semicircular, with their face facing straight outwards.

Este ladrillo se ha disenado para su uso en la construction de un zocalo inferior de una pared, cuya parte restante se construye con ladrillos estandar, colocandolos todo ellos a plomo por la cara interior de dicha pared, de forma que por la cara exterior queda un hueco que resulta adecuado para esconder la tela asfaltica prolongation de la colocada sobre una terraza o superficie aledana, manteniendo el recubrimiento exterior el plomo por la cara externa de la fachada. De este modo se evita tener que picar un ojo del ladrillo y enfoscar para evitar pinchazos en la tela, para generar el espacio a los baberos de tela asfaltica que suben por la fachada en terrazas, cubiertas, patios interiores; consiguiendo un ahorro de mano de obra y una reduction de la cantidad de escombro generado.This brick has been designed for use in the construction of a lower basement of a wall, the remaining part of which is constructed with standard bricks, placing them all plumb across the inner face of said wall, so that on the outside there is a hollow that is suitable to hide the asphalt fabric prolongation of the placed on a terrace or surface aledana, keeping the outer covering the lead by the external face of the facade. This avoids having to chop an eye of the brick and plastering to avoid punctures in the fabric, to generate space for the asphalt cloth bibs that climb the facade in terraces, decks, interior patios; achieving labor savings and a reduction in the amount of rubble generated.

Este ladrillo tambien se usa en la construccion de divisiones interiores de edificios residenciales, en sustitucion de ladrillos huecos estandar que requieren una doble guarnecido de yeso para conseguir cumplir con las especificaciones de resistencia al fuego requeridas, obteniendo un ahorro de espacio de unos 3 cm de espesor en las paredes, con igual o superior resistencia mecanica y al fuego. El cambio de ladrillo hueco con doble guarnecido por el ladrillo macizo sin revestir supone un ahorro de espacio (1.5 cm de espesor por cada cara) al no ser necesario revestirlo de yeso; se pasarla de una solucion de tabiques yeso/ladrillo hueco/yeso (15/70/15) de 100 mm de espesor a una de 70 mm. Tambien se consigue un ahorro de tiempo, ya que se elimina una actividad de la planificacion tecnica, con todo lo que eso conlleva, estudio, peticion de ofertas, contratos. Finalmente, se logra un ahorro economico, ya que la unica diferencia entre un tabique hueco 0 macizo es un pequeno incremento del gasto de mortero lo que se amortiza de sobra si se elimina el doble guarnecido de yeso.This brick is also used in the construction of interior divisions of residential buildings, in replacement of standard hollow bricks that require a double gypsum lining to achieve the required fire resistance specifications, obtaining a space saving of about 3 cm in the walls, with equal or superior mechanical and fire resistance. The change of hollow brick with double lining by the uncoated solid brick supposes a saving of space (1.5 cm of thickness for each face) since it is not necessary to coat it with plaster; It is passed from a solution of gypsum / hollow brick / plaster (15/70/15) of 100 mm thick to 70 mm thick. A time saving is also achieved, since an activity of the technical planning is eliminated, with all that that entails, study, request of offers, contracts. Finally, an economic saving is achieved, since the only difference between a hollow partition or solid partition is a small increase in the expense of mortar, which is amortized excessively if the double plaster trim is eliminated.

Descripcion de los dibujosDescription of the drawings

Para complementar la descripcion que se esta realizando y con objeto de facilitar la comprension de las caracterlsticas de la invencion, se acompana a la presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que, con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting character, the following has been represented is attached to the present specification:

La figura 1 muestra sendas vistas en alzado, planta y perfil del ladrillo objeto de la invencion.Figure 1 shows respective views in elevation, floor and profile of the brick object of the invention.

La figura 2 representa una realizacion de una pared que arranca en una terraza que se recubre con tela asfaltica.Figure 2 represents an embodiment of a wall that starts in a terrace that is covered with asphalt cloth.

Las figuras 3 y 4 muestran sendos tabiques divisorios interiores de una construction, realizados respectivamente con ladrillos huecos y con el ladrillo macizo de la invencion, del mismo ancho.Figures 3 and 4 show separate partitions interior of a construction, made respectively with hollow bricks and with the solid brick of the invention, the same width.

Realizacion de la invencionRealization of the invention

Como se puede observar en las figuras referenciadas este ladrillo macizo perforado esta constituido por un bloque ceramico, provisto de perforaciones verticales (11, 12) que en su instalacion se rellenan parcial o totalmente de mortero, proporcionandole caracterlsticas de resistencia mecanica y al fuego, propias de un ladrillo macizo. Segun se aprecia en la figura 1 este ladrillo incluye dos tipos de perforaciones: un primer grupo de perforaciones regulares (11) que ocupan longitudinalmente una llnea central y una serie de perforaciones laterales (12) de menor ancho que las anteriores y situadas entre ellas, conformando un ladrillo de largo y alto equivalentes a un ladrillo estandar (2), pero con 2-4 cm de ancho (L) menos que este. Preferentemente las perforaciones centrales (11) son circulares, y las perforaciones laterales (12) son semicirculares, en las que su cara semicircular se situa hacia el centro y su cara recta hacia el lateral.As it can be seen in the referenced figures, this perforated solid brick is constituted by a ceramic block, provided with vertical perforations (11, 12) that in its installation are partially or completely filled with mortar, providing characteristics of mechanical resistance and fire, proper of a solid brick. As seen in figure 1, this brick includes two types of perforations: a first group of regular perforations (11) that occupy longitudinally a central line and a series of lateral perforations (12) of smaller width than the previous ones and located between them, forming a brick of long and high equivalent to a standard brick (2), but with 2-4 cm wide (L) less than this. Preferably the central perforations (11) are circular, and the lateral perforations (12) are semicircular, in which the semicircular face is located towards the center and its straight face towards the lateral.

El ladrillo para la construction de muros macizos aqul preconizado presenta la peculiaridad de que su anchura es de 7 cm, cuando actualmente la gama de ladrillos macizo contempla otras variantes de 10 y 12 cm de anchura. Las dimensiones optimas de este nuevo ladrillo son de 10 cm de alto, 23 de largo y 7 de ancho.The brick for the construction of solid walls here preconized presents the peculiarity that its width is 7 cm, when currently the range of solid bricks contemplates other variants of 10 and 12 cm in width. The optimal dimensions of this new brick are 10 cm high, 23 long and 7 wide.

Este tipo de ladrillo (1) tiene al menos dos usos preferentes. El primero que fue el que origino este diseno, ha sido en la construccion de un zocalo inferior de una pared cuya parte restante se construye con ladrillos (2) estandar, colocandolos todo ellos a plomo por la interior de dicha pared, quedando en dicho zocalo, por la cara exterior, un hueco adecuado para esconder la tela asfaltica (4) prolongation de la colocada sobre una terraza o superficie aledana (8), manteniendo el recubrimiento exterior (6) el plomo por la cara externa de la fachada. En la Fig. 2 se observa una realization de este uso, en la que la cara interior de la construccion se reviste con un aislante (9) y una placa de carton-yeso (10); mientras que la cara externa se reviste con mortero (5) y finalmente con un aplacado (6); inferiormente, encima de la tela asfaltica (4), se coloca un aislante (7) y sobre este la solera (8).This type of brick (1) has at least two preferred uses. The first that was the one that originated this design, has been in the construction of a lower skirting of a wall whose remaining part is built with standard bricks (2), placing them all plumb through the interior of said wall, remaining in said zocalo , on the outside, a hole suitable for hiding the asphalt fabric (4) prolongation of the one placed on a terrace or surrounding surface (8), keeping the outer covering (6) the lead on the external face of the facade. In Fig. 2 a realization of this use is observed, in which the inner face of the construction is coated with an insulator (9) and a gypsum board (10); while the external face is covered with mortar (5) and finally with a plating (6); inferiorly, on top of the asphalt fabric (4), an insulator (7) is placed and on this the screed (8).

El segundo uso que se ha encontrado a este ladrillo, desconocido hasta la fecha, es en la construccion de divisiones interiores de edificios residenciales, en sustitucion de ladrillos huecos (2) estandar que requieren un doble guarnecido de yeso (10) para conseguir cumplir con las especificaciones de resistencia al fuego requeridas, obteniendo un ahorro de espacio de unos 3 cm de espesor en las paredes, con igual o superior resistencia mecanica y al fuego. (Ver comparadamente Fig. 3 y Fig. 4). En esta aplicacion, este nuevo ladrillo ofrece una resistencia equivalente o superior al fuego, que el tabique convencional con doble guarnecido de yeso, que es la solucion mas comunmente utilizada para medianeras (separation entre viviendas distintas). Ademas ofrece mejoras acusticas que tambien se consiguen con este ladrilloThe second use that has been found to this brick, unknown to date, is in the construction of interior divisions of residential buildings, in replacement of hollow bricks (2) that require a double plaster trim (10) to achieve compliance with the fire resistance specifications required, obtaining a space saving of about 3 cm in the walls, with equal or superior mechanical and fire resistance. (See comparatively Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). In this application, this new brick offers an equivalent or superior resistance to fire, than the conventional partition with double plaster trim, which is the solution most commonly used for dividing walls (separation between different houses). It also offers acoustic improvements that are also achieved with this brick

Una vez descrita la naturaleza de la invention, asl como un ejemplo de realizacion preferente, resulta de manera evidente que la invencion es susceptible de aplicacion industrial, en el sector indicado. Having described the nature of the invention, as well as an example of a preferred embodiment, it is evident that the invention is susceptible of industrial application, in the indicated sector.

Asimismo se hace constar a los efectos oportunos que los materiales, forma, tamano y disposition de los elementos descritos podran ser modificados, siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteration de las caracteristicas esenciales de la invention que se reivindican a continuation: Likewise, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, form, size and disposition of the described elements could be modified, provided that this does not entail an alteration of the essential characteristics of the invention that are claimed below:

Claims

1. - Perforated solid brick, constituted by a ceramic block, provided with vertical perforations (11, 12) that in its installation are partially or totally filled with mortar, providing characteristics of mechanical resistance and fire typical of a solid brick, characterized by comprising two types of perforations: a first group of regular perforations (11) that occupy longitudinally a central line and a series of lateral perforations (12) of smaller width than the previous ones and located between them, forming a brick of long and high equivalents to a standard brick (2), but with 2-4 cm wide (L) less than this.

2. - Brick (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the central perforations (11) are circular, and the lateral perforations (12) are semicircular, in which the semicircular face is located towards the center and its straight face towards the side.

3. - The use of bricks (1), according to any of claims 1-2, in the construction of a lower basement of a wall whose remaining part is constructed with standard bricks, placing them all plumb through the interior of said wall , remaining in said socket, on the outer side, a suitable hole to hide the asphalt fabric prolongation of the one placed on a terrace or surrounding surface, keeping the outer covering the lead on the external face of the facade.

4. The use of bricks (1), according to any of claims 1-2, in the construction of interior divisions of residential buildings, in replacement of standard hollow bricks that require a double plaster trim to achieve compliance with the specifications of fire resistance required, obtaining a space saving of about 3 cm in the walls, with equal or superior mechanical resistance and fire.