EP4681239A1 - Durchführung mit einem anschlussterminal sowie blechgehäuse und relais mit einer solchen durchführung - Google Patents
Durchführung mit einem anschlussterminal sowie blechgehäuse und relais mit einer solchen durchführungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4681239A1 EP4681239A1 EP24708710.9A EP24708710A EP4681239A1 EP 4681239 A1 EP4681239 A1 EP 4681239A1 EP 24708710 A EP24708710 A EP 24708710A EP 4681239 A1 EP4681239 A1 EP 4681239A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- connection terminal
- feedthrough
- flexible element
- opening
- pipe guide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
- H01H50/023—Details concerning sealing, e.g. sealing casing with resin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/14—Terminal arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
- H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
Definitions
- connection terminal as well as sheet metal housing and relay with such an implementation
- the invention relates to a feedthrough with a connection terminal, in particular for a high-performance relay, comprising a housing part with a through-opening and a connection terminal arrangement which is passed through the through-opening and is sealed against the through-opening with a fixing material. Further aspects of the invention relate to a housing and a relay, each of which comprises at least one such feedthrough.
- Relays are known in the prior art that can be used to switch electrical currents on and off.
- One example of this is high-performance relays, which are used in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles to safely disconnect a traction battery, which provides the electrical energy for the vehicle, from the vehicle's power grid.
- Such a relay comprises a housing, electrical feedthroughs for the circuit to be switched and a contacting device that connects or disconnects two terminals to switch the current.
- the contacting device can be operated with an actuator, for example in the form of an electromagnet.
- the interior of the housing is usually sealed, on the one hand to prevent the ingress of moisture and, on the other hand, to keep any extinguishing gas present in the housing to extinguish an arc in the housing.
- the hermetic connector comprises a metal container with a through hole, a pipe guide which is guided through the through hole, an insulating glass which hermetically seals the pipe guide and the metal container, and a connector base which is guided through the pipe guide and is hermetically secured thereto.
- the connection base is made of a low-resistance metal and is arranged in the connection such that a gap is provided between an inner peripheral surface of a portion of the pipe guide which is in contact with the insulating glass and an outer peripheral surface of a corresponding portion of the connection base.
- connection element and a contact device with such a connection element are known from EP 4 002 415 A1.
- the connection element has a container with through openings, into each of which a pipe guide is introduced and forms a glass-metal feedthrough with an insulating glass, which is hermetically sealed against the metal container.
- the pipe guide is connected via a weakened section to a connection base inserted into the pipe guide.
- the weakened section can be made of a different material than the rest of the pipe guide or can be designed as a thin section of the pipe guide.
- the pipe guide which must have a minimum length or minimum height for this purpose.
- the known feedthroughs therefore have a comparatively high overall height.
- the housing part is sufficiently stable and thick in order to provide a hermetically sealed and mechanically resilient glazing.
- the known pipe guides must be elastic in order to be able to accommodate changes in length due to thermal expansion of a connection terminal.
- one object of the invention can be seen in providing a feedthrough which is suitable for pressure glazing when using a thin-walled housing.
- connection terminal When using screw connections between a connection terminal and a supply line, high torques can occur when tightening the connection screws, which cannot be optimally absorbed by the known hermetically sealed connection terminals. Accordingly, a further object of the invention can be seen in providing a feedthrough with a connection terminal in which the absorption and transmission of torques introduced at the connection terminal is improved.
- a bushing with a connection terminal is proposed, which is particularly suitable for a high-performance relay.
- the bushing comprises a housing part with a through-opening and a connection terminal arrangement, which is passed through the through-opening and is sealed against the through-opening with a fixing material.
- the bushing also has a reinforcing component, which reinforces the housing part in the area of the through-opening, with a glazing length EL of the fixing material is greater than the thickness of the housing part.
- connection terminal arrangement comprises a connection terminal made of a first material and a pipe guide made of a second material, wherein the pipe guide surrounds at least part of the connection terminal and the fixing material for sealing the connection terminal arrangement is arranged between an outer wall of a sleeve section of the pipe guide and an inner wall of the through-opening, wherein a first gap is present between an inner wall of the sleeve section and the connection terminal.
- the fixing material mechanically fixes the connection terminal arrangement in the through-opening and electrically insulates it from the housing part.
- connection terminal arrangement comprises a flexible element via which the pipe guide is connected to the connection terminal, wherein the flexible element surrounds a pin section of the connection terminal, and wherein a second gap is present between the pin section of the connection terminal and the flexible element.
- the flexible element is formed integrally with the pipe guide as a section of the pipe guide with a reduced thickness.
- the flexible element is made of a third material.
- the flexible element is formed integrally with the connection terminal.
- the connection terminal has a pin section which serves in particular as a current conductor in the feedthrough.
- the pin section is preferably essentially cylindrical, in particular in the form of a circular cylinder, although other shapes are also conceivable. For example, cylinder shapes with an oval, rectangular or square cross-section would also be conceivable. It would also be conceivable for the pin section to be completely or partially conical in shape.
- the pipe guide with the sleeve section and the flexible element at least partially surround the pin section. Their cross-sectional shape is preferably selected to match the cross-sectional shape of the pin section.
- the elasticity of the part of the pipe guide serving as a flexible element is increased by reducing the thickness. This reduction in thickness takes place in particular with respect to the sleeve section, so that a thickness, in particular a wall thickness, of the pipe guide in the area of the flexible element is smaller than the thickness in the area of the sleeve section.
- the elasticity of the flexible element is increased by making it from a different material.
- the third material is preferably chosen so that its modulus of elasticity is lower than that of the second material of the pipe guide. This increases the elasticity even if the flexible element has the same wall thickness as the pipe guide in the sleeve area.
- a thickness or wall thickness of the flexible element can of course also be chosen to be smaller than the thickness of the pipe guide in the sleeve area in order to increase the elasticity even further.
- the flexible element is made in one piece with the connection terminal and is therefore made of the same material as the connection terminal.
- the first material of the connection terminal usually has a lower modulus of elasticity than the second material of the pipe guide.
- a thickness or wall thickness of the flexible element can also be selected independently of the thickness of the sleeve section of the pipe guide, so that a flexible element with good elastic properties is obtained.
- the thickness or wall thickness of the flexible element can be selected to be smaller than the thickness of the pipe guide in the sleeve section.
- All three variants allow the flexibility of the flexible element to be adjusted independently of the properties of the sleeve area of the pipe guide compared to the known prior art bushings and make it possible to reduce the length of the flexible element, thereby increasing the The overall height of the feedthrough is reduced.
- the overall height is understood here in particular as the length by which the connection terminal arrangement protrudes over the housing part.
- the reinforcement component makes it possible to use the proposed feedthrough even with housing components with a small thickness d and still maintain high mechanical stability and a secure and hermetically sealed feedthrough. This is particularly advantageous for housing components designed as sheet metal parts.
- the flexible element is preferably connected to the connection terminal or the pipe guide by welding or soldering.
- connection is preferably hermetically sealed.
- seal between the pipe guide and the inner wall of the through-opening with the fixing material is preferably hermetically sealed.
- Hermetically sealed is understood in particular to mean that at a pressure difference of 1 bar the helium leakage rate is less than 1 ⁇ 10 -8 mbar l/s -1 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10' 9 mbar l/s -1 .
- the glazing length is the length along the longitudinal axis of the passage opening along which the fixing material is connected to the reinforced housing component and touches the housing component and possibly the reinforcement component. Without further measures, the thickness d of the housing component would correspond to the glazing length EL.
- the thickness d of the housing part In order to save material and thus weight and volume, it is desirable to select the thickness d of the housing part as small as possible. Furthermore, with low material thicknesses, it is possible to design the housing part as a sheet metal part and easily convert it into the The thickness d here refers to the material thickness of the housing part, particularly when designed as such a sheet metal part.
- the thickness d refers to the material thickness of the housing part in the area of the through opening.
- the reinforcing component is preferably designed and arranged such that it extends an inner wall of the through-opening and, together with the housing part, provides the glazing length EL.
- a wall of the reinforcing component adjoins the inner wall of the through-opening and extends it, with the fixing material being in direct contact with the reinforcing component and preferably being glazed onto it.
- the housing part can be bent in the area of the through-opening in order to form the inner wall of the through-opening over the entire length of the glazing, with the reinforcing component supporting the bent section of the housing part.
- the material of a housing part designed as a sheet metal part can be reshaped and bent, for example, at an angle of approximately 90°.
- the fixing material is in direct contact with the housing component over the entire length of the glazing and does not touch the reinforcing component.
- the reinforcing component is preferably designed in such a way that it directly touches and supports the bent section of the housing component.
- the reinforcing component is preferably connected to the housing component by means of a joining process such as soldering, welding or gluing.
- the material thickness d of the housing part is in the range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
- the glazing length EL which should be greater than the material thickness d of the housing part, is preferably in the range of 1.5 mm to 3 mm in order to achieve a to enable a mechanically tight and mechanically resilient connection. Accordingly, it is preferable to select a thickness D of the reinforcing component in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
- connection terminal preferably has at least one collar.
- the collar is designed in particular as a region of the connection terminal within which an outer diameter of the connection terminal is larger than an outer diameter in the pin section.
- Such a collar can have a constant diameter. However, it can also be provided that the diameter in the region of the collar changes abruptly or continuously in one or more stages.
- the at least one collar is preferably arranged on the connection terminal and dimensioned such that the collar is arranged outside the through opening.
- the flexible element according to variant i) or ii) is connected to the collar on a side thereof facing the through-opening.
- the section of the connection terminal forming the flexible element begins on the side of the collar facing the through-opening.
- the outer diameter of the collar and the outer diameter of the flexible element can be selected to be identical so that the flexible element is flush with the collar.
- the outer diameter of the flexible element can be selected to be smaller.
- the flexible element according to variant i) or ii) is connected to the collar on a lateral surface thereof.
- connection terminal can comprise connecting means on one or both end faces to facilitate the connection of an electrical supply line.
- These connecting means are designed, for example, as a threaded hole that allows a screw connection with an electrical connection.
- a threaded hole is arranged at least on one side of the feedthrough facing outwards.
- the connecting means can also be designed, for example, in the form of a flat surface that is suitable for a soldered or welded connection.
- the surface can be coated and/or roughened so that such connections adhere better.
- the pipe guide or the flexible element if it is formed in one piece with the pipe guide, can comprise a flange to simplify the connection to the connection terminal, in particular to the collar of the connection terminal.
- a wall of the pipe guide to be folded into a flange or for an end surface of the pipe guide to be enlarged by adjusting the outer and/or inner diameter.
- the diameter of a connection point can also be increased, which means that torques acting on the connection terminal can be better transmitted without causing damage to the connection point.
- the pipe guide has a continuous or sudden increase in diameter on a side facing the flexible element outside the through opening and that the pipe guide is connected to the flexible element in this area with an increased diameter.
- the resulting increased diameter can improve the transmission of torques acting on the connection terminal, so that no damage to the feedthrough occurs, particularly when a connection cable is connected to the connection terminal by screwing.
- the flexible element is arranged and designed such that the second gap between the flexible element and the pin section is larger than or the same size as the first gap between the sleeve section and the pin section. If, for example, the flexible element is formed by extending the pipe guide with a reduced wall thickness, the inner diameter is preferably increased to reduce the thickness and the outer diameter is maintained.
- an insulation distance provided by the fixing material is preferably extended by arranging further insulation material. This can in particular reduce the occurrence of leakage currents and/or current flashovers, which could otherwise overcome the insulation distance provided by the fixing material alone in the presence of contamination and/or moisture.
- the fixing material and an adjacent section of the housing part on an upper side and/or on an underside of the feedthrough are preferably covered with an insulating material.
- the insulation material can be designed as an insulation disk made of electrically insulating material.
- the insulation material can be designed in the form of a coating, in particular with a casting compound, made of an electrically insulating material.
- the insulating material can be selected in particular from a glass, a glass ceramic, a ceramic or a plastic, with plastic being preferred.
- the insulating material could also be selected to be identical to the fixing material.
- the feedthrough is preferably designed as a pressure glazing in which a thermal expansion coefficient of the housing part and/or the reinforcing component is greater than a thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material.
- the thermal expansion coefficients of the reinforcing component and the housing part are preferably adapted to one another, but they can also be selected differently.
- the arrangement of the reinforcing component is particularly advantageous here, since compressive forces must be transferred to the fixing material in order to form the pressure glazing and thin-walled housing components without reinforcement do not have sufficient mechanical strength.
- the fixing material which is preferably a glass here, is then provided, for example, as a pressed part made of glass powder and inserted into the through-opening of the housing part together with the connection terminal arrangement or at least together with the pipe guide.
- the fixing material is obtained from the pressed part, which glazes onto the walls of the through-opening and the pipe guide.
- the housing part and/or the reinforcement component contracts more than the fixing material due to the choice of expansion coefficients, so that pressure is continuously exerted on the fixing material by the housing part and/or the reinforcement component when the seal is finished.
- the pipe guide is designed and constructed in such a way that the fixing material in this pressure glazing is supported from the inside.
- the sleeve section has a thickness which, in combination with the choice of material for the pipe guide, is selected so that the sleeve section can apply sufficient counterpressure.
- the material of the housing part or the reinforcing component and the fixing material are preferably selected such that a thermal expansion coefficient of the housing part and/or the reinforcing component C( housing is at least 20% greater than a thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material acias.
- a thermal expansion coefficient of the housing part and/or the reinforcing component C( housing is at least 20% greater than a thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material acias.
- acehause is selected in the range from 12 ' 10- 6 1 ZK to 19 ⁇ 10 -6 1 ZK and acias is selected in the range from 9 ⁇ 10' 6 1/K to 11 ⁇ 10' 6 1 ZK. If reference is made to the thermal expansion coefficient in the context of the present application, this is understood to mean the linear thermal expansion coefficient a in the range from 20°C to 300°C.
- the thermal expansion coefficients of the housing part, reinforcing component, fixing material and pipe feedthrough can also be selected to match each other, so that the thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material differs from those of the housing part or the reinforcing component and/or the pipe guide by less than 20%, preferably less than 10% and particularly preferably by less than 5%.
- the first material used for the connection terminal has a lower electrical resistance than the second material used for the pipe guide. Since the connection terminal serves as an electrical conductor during the feedthrough, a material with the lowest possible electrical resistance is preferred. This ensures that the bushing does not heat up excessively even with high currents.
- the first material has a smaller modulus of elasticity than the second material. This allows elastic deformation of the flexible element even with greater material thicknesses.
- the third material for the flexible element according to variant ii) preferably has a smaller modulus of elasticity than the second material of the pipe guide. Furthermore, it is preferred that the third material also has a smaller modulus of elasticity than the first material of the connection terminal.
- the first material of the connection terminal is selected from non-ferrous metals such as copper or a non-ferrous metal alloy such as a copper alloy, in particular brass, aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- connection terminal Preferably, at least one inward-facing end face of the connection terminal is coated with a contact material to reduce the contact resistance and/or to reduce sparking.
- a contact material to reduce the contact resistance and/or to reduce sparking.
- both end faces can also be provided with such a contact material.
- the contact materials are characterized by good resistance to oxidation and are also resistant to wear caused by sparks and arcs that occur during switching processes.
- Suitable contact materials include in particular silver, gold and platinum.
- Suitable alloys as contact materials include in particular silver-nickel and silver-tin oxide.
- the pipe guide is made of the second material.
- the second material is preferably selected from a steel, in particular a stainless steel, a steel alloy, in particular nickel steel alloys and chromium steels.
- the housing part is preferably made of a metal, whereby the materials described with reference to the pipe guide are also generally suitable as material for the housing part.
- other steels in particular austenitic steels, are also suitable.
- a material with a thermal expansion coefficient that is greater than that of the fixing material used is preferred.
- the second material can also be a composite material made up of several layers.
- the choice of a composite material would also be conceivable for a separate flexible element or for the connection pin.
- the third material is preferably selected from a non-ferrous metal or a non-ferrous metal alloy.
- suitable materials include copper, copper alloys, in particular brass.
- the pipe guide can be designed as a solid component or can be designed as a folded sheet metal part.
- the pipe guide is designed as a sheet metal part, whereby the thickness in the sleeve section is increased by folding the sheet metal part one or more times compared to the section designed as a flexible element.
- the sheet metal part is a bleaching part coated on one side, wherein the bleaching part is folded and arranged such that a coated side of the sheet metal part faces towards a connection with the flexible element or the connection terminal and an uncoated side of the bleaching part faces towards the fixing material
- the coating on the sheet metal part can be a nickel layer or another layer that makes joining easier, particularly with a soldering process. This is particularly advantageous if the sheet metal part is made of steel.
- the coated sheet metal part is preferably always folded and arranged in such a way that the coating does not come into contact with the fixing material. Accordingly, the coated side in the area of the sleeve section is preferably always on the inside and does not border on the fixing material. If the pipe guide is designed with a flange, the coating in the area of this flange preferably points in the direction of the joining partner. This means that the pipe guide can be provided with a surface that promotes welding and/or soldering, even if this does not bond as well to the fixing material. By folding the sheet metal part accordingly, the surface that is best suited for connecting to the respective joining partner always borders on it.
- a pipe guide designed as a solid component can also be partially coated in order to simplify joining with the flexible element and/or the connection terminal, particularly in a soldering process.
- a nickel layer can also be used here.
- the coating is preferably applied selectively only to the surfaces that are opposite the joining partner. In particular, the surfaces pointing in the direction of the fixing material preferably remain free of the coating.
- the fixing material both mechanically holds the connection terminal arrangement and electrically insulates it from the housing part.
- the fixing material is preferably selected from a glass, a glass ceramic or a ceramic.
- a glass is used as the fixing material, wherein the glass is selected from a borosilicate glass, a sodium-barium glass, an alkali glass, a silicate glass or a soda glass.
- Borosilicate glasses and sodium-barium glasses are particularly suitable for customized glazing and alkali glasses, a silicate glass and soda glasses are particularly suitable for pressure glazing.
- An example of the material selection for the feedthrough is copper as the first material for the connection terminal, a ferritic steel as the second material for the pipe guide. Soda glass, for example, can be used as a fixing material.
- Copper has a lower modulus of elasticity here at around 110 GPa than the ferritic steel of the pipe guide at around 200 GPa.
- An elastic element made from the copper material of the connection pin can therefore deform elastically even with a lower force, even if the geometry of the elastic element is the same, and can thus absorb the change in shape caused by thermal expansion of the connection pin without transferring harmful forces to the fixing material. If the elasticity of a pipe feedthrough made of ferritic steel is maintained, the dimensions of an elastic element made of copper can be smaller, which means that the feedthrough can be more compact.
- connection terminal arrangement may additionally comprise a further flexible element which is connected to the pipe guide, wherein the flexible element and the further flexible element are arranged on opposite sides are connected to the connection terminal via the through-opening or, in the case of a one-piece design, merge into the terminal.
- the further flexible element is also preferably designed essentially in the shape of a sleeve and preferably surrounds the pin section of the connection terminal at least partially.
- one of the flexible elements can be oriented towards the top and the other flexible element towards the bottom, so that the connection terminal can be held from both sides of the housing part.
- the described feedthroughs are particularly suitable for safely conducting large currents in the range of several amperes, in particular more than 10 amperes and particularly preferably more than 100 amperes, through a hermetically sealed housing.
- a further aspect of the invention is the provision of a housing which comprises at least one of the feedthroughs described herein.
- the housing can be, for example, the housing of an electrical safety device, the housing of a control device such as a relay or the housing of a battery module.
- the housing preferably comprises a deep-drawn component formed from a sheet metal blank, which is part of one of the feedthroughs described here.
- the housing part is preferably pot-shaped or cup-shaped with a base and side walls. It is preferred to arrange the through-opening(s) for forming one or more feedthroughs in the base. Accordingly, it is also preferred to use cup-shaped housing parts for the feedthrough described here. Alternatively, it is also possible to form the housing part essentially flat, for example as a cover part for a cup-shaped further housing part.
- the reinforcing component is preferably annular in order to extend and/or support the through-opening of the housing part.
- a relay which comprises a housing with at least two of the feedthroughs described herein and a contacting device for establishing an electrical connection between the connection terminals of the two feedthroughs.
- the contacting device can in particular comprise an actuator which can be controlled via an electrical signal, so that a current flow between the two connection terminals can be controlled depending on such a control signal.
- An example of such an actuator is an electromechanical actuator with an electromagnet and a movable armature.
- the contacting device can comprise a pyrotechnic actuator in which an explosive charge can be ignited via an electrical signal, which causes a rapid separation of an electrical connection between the two connection terminals.
- the housing can comprise further electrical feedthroughs for the passage of the electrical signals.
- the housing of the relay is preferably hermetically sealed so that the interior of the housing is protected from environmental influences and nothing can escape from the interior of the housing to the outside.
- This makes it possible to fill the interior of the housing, or at least an area around the contact device, with a so-called extinguishing gas.
- the purpose of such an extinguishing gas is to extinguish an arc as quickly as possible, which can occur when the electrical contact to the connection terminals is broken.
- Fig. 1 A first embodiment of the bushing in a schematic sectional view from the side
- Fig. 2 a second embodiment of the bushing in a schematic sectional view from the side
- Fig. 3 a third embodiment of the bushing in a schematic sectional view from the side
- Fig. 4 a fourth embodiment of the bushing in a schematic sectional view from the side
- Fig. 5 a fifth embodiment of the bushing in a schematic sectional view from the side
- Fig. 6 a sixth embodiment of the bushing in a schematic sectional view from the side
- Fig. 7 a seventh embodiment of the bushing in a schematic sectional view from the side and
- FIG. 8 an embodiment of a relay with two bushings according to the invention according to the sixth embodiment in a schematic sectional view from the side.
- Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a feedthrough 10 with a connection terminal 22.
- the feedthrough 10 comprises a thin-walled housing part 12 with a through-opening 14 therein, which has a material thickness d in the vicinity of the through-opening 14.
- the material of the housing part 12 is bent by 90° at the through-opening 14.
- the bent section of the housing part 12 is reinforced and supported with a reinforcing component 18.
- a connection terminal arrangement 20 is guided through this through-opening 14 and is held therein by a fixing material 16.
- the fixing material 16 hermetically seals the connection terminal arrangement 20 against the walls of the through-opening 14, so that the through-opening 14 is hermetically sealed.
- a glazing length EL is provided for the fixing material 16, which is substantially greater than the thickness d of the housing part 12.
- connection terminal arrangement 20 comprises a connection terminal 22 and a pipe guide 26.
- a longitudinal axis of the connection terminal 22 runs coaxially to a longitudinal axis of the pipe guide 26, the pipe guide 26 surrounding a part of the connection terminal 22.
- the fixing material 16 for sealing the connection terminal arrangement 20 is arranged between an outer wall of a sleeve section 27 of the pipe guide 26 and an inner wall of the through-opening 14, a first gap 32 being present between an inner wall of the sleeve section 27 and the connection terminal 22.
- the sleeve section 27 is thus the section of the pipe guide 26 that is arranged directly adjacent to the fixing material 16 within the through-opening 14.
- the pipe guide 26 has a section of reduced thickness which serves as a flexible element 28.
- the outer diameter of the pipe guide 26 remains unchanged; only the inner diameter is reduced to reduce the thickness, whereby the wall thickness of the pipe guide 26 and thus its thickness is reduced in this section.
- a second gap 34 between the flexible element 28 and a cylindrically designed pin section of the connection terminal 22 is larger than the first gap 32.
- the reduced thickness increases the flexibility of the pipe guide 26, so that the flexible element 28 formed can be comparatively short compared to known bushings with pipe guides and can nevertheless compensate for a change in the dimensions of the connection terminal 22 caused by temperature fluctuations through elastic deformation.
- connection terminal 22 has a collar 24 which, in the embodiment of Figure 1, is designed in the form of two steps, in each of which a diameter of the cylindrically designed connection terminal 22 increases. Furthermore, the connection terminal 22 has a threaded hole 23 on its upper side. The threaded hole 23 is designed in particular to establish a connection to an electrical supply line (not shown), wherein the supply line is screwed to the connection terminal 22. In other embodiments, other connecting means can of course also be provided instead of the threaded hole 23 or connecting means can be dispensed with, so that the connection terminal 22 has, for example, a flat surface on its upper side which can be connected to an electrical supply line, for example by means of soldering or welding.
- the flexible element 28 formed by the area of reduced wall thickness of the pipe guide 26 is connected in the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 to a side wall of the first step of the collar 24 of the connection terminal 22. Accordingly, the outer diameter of the first step of the collar 24 is smaller than the inner diameter of the fixing material 16. Furthermore, in the example shown, the outer diameter of the second, larger step of the collar is smaller than the inner diameter of the through-opening 14. In other embodiments, this diameter could also be selected to be larger than the diameter of the through-opening 14. In the example shown, the connection is made using a soldered connection 30, although other connection methods such as welding can of course also be used.
- the connection between the flexible element 28 and the collar 24 is also hermetically sealed, so that the feedthrough 10 as a whole hermetically seals the through-opening 14 of the housing part 12.
- the part of the flexible element 28 located between the collar 24 and the sleeve section 27 is designed and constructed to deform elastically when force is applied, with the first gap 32 and the second gap 34 providing the space required for this. In this way, it is possible, in particular without a damaging force being applied to the fixing material 16, to absorb the force arising from thermal expansion of the connection terminal 22 via an elastic change in the shape of the flexible element 28. Such thermal expansion can occur in particular when the connection terminal 22 is loaded with high electrical currents and heats up due to the existing electrical resistance.
- a wall thickness of the pipe guide 26 in the sleeve section 27 is not reduced, so that the stirring guide 26, the fixing material 16 and the housing part 12 can form a pressure glazing in which a thermal expansion coefficient of the housing part 12 and the reinforcing component 18 is selected to be greater than a thermal expansion coefficient of the fixing material 16.
- the housing part 12 and the reinforcing component 18 contract more strongly than the fixing material 16 and thus exert pressure on the fixing material 16.
- the pipe guide 26 with the higher wall thickness in the area of the sleeve section 27 can form the necessary counterpressure, wherein at the same time the flexible element 28 has the necessary elasticity to absorb thermal expansion of the connection terminal 22.
- connection terminal 22 of the first embodiment of Figure 1 is made of a first material and the pipe guide 26 is made of a second material. This allows the material properties to be optimally selected for both parts of the connection terminal arrangement 20.
- a material with low electrical resistance can be selected for the connection terminal 22 and a rigid material with a high modulus of elasticity can be selected for the pipe guide 26 and in particular for its sleeve section 27.
- Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a feedthrough 10.
- the pipe guide 26 is designed in two parts, so that the sleeve section 27 and the flexible element 28 are composed of two parts and are connected to one another via a connection 30, which is designed, for example, as a soldered connection or welded connection.
- a connection 30 is designed, for example, as a soldered connection or welded connection.
- the third material is preferably selected such that it has a lower modulus of elasticity than the second material and can therefore show elastic deformation even with a lower force.
- the material of the housing component 12 is not bent in the area of the through-opening 14, so that the fixing material 16 directly touches the reinforcing component 18.
- component 18 so that the fixing material 16 is in contact with the inner wall of the through-opening 14 formed by the material of the housing component 12 over the entire glazing length EL.
- FIG 3 shows a third embodiment of a feedthrough 10.
- the feedthrough 10 has a housing part 12 with a through-opening 14 through which a connection terminal arrangement 20 with a connection terminal 22 and a pipe guide 26 is passed.
- the connection terminal arrangement is held in the through-opening 14 via a fixing material 16 and seals it hermetically.
- connection terminal 22 has a collar 24 on one side, which here, however, is designed in one step and is arranged flush with one of the front sides of the connection terminal 22. In this front side, a threaded hole 23 is again arranged, which allows screwing to an electrical supply line.
- the pipe guide 26 is formed in the third embodiment of Figure 3 by a coated sheet metal part, which comprises a sheet metal 38 with a coating 39 applied on one side.
- the sheet metal part is essentially tubular and surrounds a cylindrical pin section of the connection terminal 22, with a longitudinal axis of the pipe guide 26 running coaxially to a longitudinal axis of the connection terminal 22.
- the bleaching part forms a sleeve region 27 with increased thickness at a first end and forms a flange at a second end.
- the bleaching part is designed in such a way that the coating 39 faces inwards in the direction of the cylindrical pin section of the connection terminal 22 and the uncoated side of the sheet metal part faces outwards accordingly.
- the sleeve region 27 is obtained by folding the sheet metal part once or several times.
- the sheet metal part is formed in such a way that the coating 39 of the sheet metal 38 is folded onto itself and thus in- nen. Accordingly, the uncoated side of the sheet metal 38 in the sleeve region 27 points in the direction of the fixing material 16.
- the flange is also obtained by forming the sheet metal part, whereby here the coating 39 of the sheet metal 38 points in the direction of the collar 24 of the connection terminal 22 and is connected to it via a connection 30, which is designed, for example, as a soldered connection.
- an outer diameter of the collar is preferably selected to be larger than an inner diameter of the fixing material 16.
- the diameter of the collar 24 is selected to be smaller than the inner diameter of the through-opening 14.
- the outer diameter of the collar 24 can also be selected to be larger than the inner diameter of the through-opening 14.
- the sheet metal part is not folded and forms a section there that has a smaller thickness than the sleeve area 27 and that serves as a flexible element 28.
- a first gap 32 between the sleeve area 27 and the cylindrical pin section of the connection terminal 22 is therefore smaller than a second gap 34 between the flexible element 28 and the cylindrical pin section of the connection terminal 22.
- FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a feedthrough 10.
- the feedthrough 10 again has a housing part 12 with a through opening 14 through which a connection terminal arrangement 20 with a connection terminal 22 and a pipe guide 26 is passed.
- the connection terminal arrangement is held in the through opening 14 via a fixing material 16 and seals it hermetically.
- connection terminal 22 has a collar 24 on one side, which here also is designed in several stages, wherein starting from a lower side which is opposite the upper side with a threaded bore 23, the collar 24 has a first step and a second step, wherein a diameter of the first step is larger than a diameter of the second step.
- the collar 24 it would of course also be possible to design the collar 24 differently, for example with only one step which is arranged flush with the upper side of the connection terminal 22.
- the pipe guide 26 is connected to the collar 24 via a connection 30, which is designed, for example, as a soldered connection.
- the pipe guide 26 is designed in two pieces here, with a sleeve section 27 opposite the fixing material 16 being made of the second material and a part serving as a flexible element 28 being made of a third material which has a smaller modulus of elasticity than the second material.
- the two parts of the pipe guide 26 are also connected via a connection 30, which is designed, for example, as a soldered connection.
- the pipe guide 26 is arranged such that the flexible element 28 points towards the collar 24.
- the pipe guide 26 is essentially cylindrical overall and surrounds a cylindrical pin section of the connection terminal 22 such that the longitudinal axis of the pipe guide 26 runs coaxially to a longitudinal axis of the connection terminal 22.
- the dimensions of the collar 24 and the pipe guide 26 are selected here such that the outer diameter of the pipe guide 26 corresponds to the larger diameter of the collar 24 and the two parts thus merge into one another without a step.
- Figure 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the bushing 10, which is similar to the fourth embodiment of Figure 4.
- the diameter of the pipe guide 26 is smaller than the diameter of the collar 24.
- an additional insulation material 36 is provided, which is designed here as two insulation disks.
- a first insulation disk covers an upper side of the fixing material 16 and an adjacent part of the upper side of the housing part 12.
- a second insulation disk covers an underside of the fixing material 16 and an adjacent part of the underside of the housing part 12.
- the arranged insulation material 36 in particular increases a creepage distance between the connection terminal arrangement 20 and the housing part 12, so that the voltage resistance of the bushing 10 is improved.
- the insulation material 36 could also be applied, for example, as an insulating coating.
- FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of a feedthrough 10.
- the feedthrough 10 again has a housing part 12 with a through opening 14 through which a connection terminal arrangement 20 with a connection terminal 22 and a pipe guide 26 is passed.
- the connection terminal arrangement 20 is held in the through opening 14 via a fixing material 16 and seals it hermetically.
- connection terminal 22 here has a collar 24 flush with a top with a threaded hole 23, with a sleeve-shaped section of the connection terminal 22 serving as a flexible element 28 adjoining a bottom of the collar 24 facing the through-opening 14.
- the outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped section corresponds in this example to the outer diameter of the collar 24, but the outer diameter can also be chosen to be smaller.
- the outer diameter of the collar 24 is larger than the inner diameter of the fixing material 16 and smaller than the inner diameter of the through-opening 14.
- the outer diameter of the collar 24 could alternatively also be selected larger than the inner diameter of the through opening 14.
- the sleeve-shaped section serves as a flexible element 28 and is connected to a pipe guide 26 via a connection 30, which is designed, for example, as a soldered connection.
- the pipe guide 26 comprises a sleeve section 27 which adjoins the fixing material 16.
- a first gap 32 is present between the sleeve section 27, which surrounds a cylindrical pin section of the connection terminal 22, and the connection terminal 22.
- the sleeve section 27 is extended upwards and widens to form a connecting flange at an end facing the collar 24.
- the pipe guide 26 is connected to the flexible element 28 of the connection terminal 22 at the connecting flange.
- the pipe guide 26 is made from a second material which has a greater modulus of elasticity than a first material from which the connection terminal 22 is made. Accordingly, forces occurring during thermal expansion of the connection terminal 22 are absorbed via an elastic change in the shape of the flexible element 28 of the connection terminal 22. Advantageously, no force resulting from the thermal expansion is thus transferred via the tubular sleeve 26 and in particular its sleeve section 27 to the fixing material 16, or such a transfer is at least reduced to a harmless level.
- the sleeve-shaped section of the connection terminal 22 serving as a flexible element 28 encloses the cylindrical pin section of the connection terminal 22, wherein a longitudinal axis of the sleeve-shaped section is arranged concentrically to a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical pin section and a second gap 34 is present between an inner side of the sleeve-shaped section or the flexible element 28 formed by it and the cylindrical pin section.
- Figure 7 shows a seventh embodiment of a bushing 10, in which, similar to the sixth embodiment of Figure 6, a sleeve-shaped section of the connection terminal 22 is designed as a flexible element 28.
- the section of the connection terminal 22 serving as a flexible element 28 here has a smaller outer diameter than the collar 24, and the collar 24 is designed in several stages, similar to the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5.
- the pipe guide 26 here does not have an area with an enlarged diameter serving as a connecting flange.
- the outer and inner diameters of the pipe guide 26 and the flexible element 28 are identical. Since the first material of the connection terminal 22 and thus of the flexible element 28 made in one piece with it has a lower modulus of elasticity than the second material of the pipe guide 26, forces arising from thermal expansion of the connection terminal 22 are absorbed by an elastic deformation of the flexible element 28 and the shape of the pipe guide 26 remains essentially unchanged.
- FIG 8 shows an example of a relay 200 which is designed, for example, as a high-performance relay for an electric vehicle.
- the relay 200 comprises a housing 100 with a cup-shaped housing part 12.
- the housing part 12 has a base 101 and a side wall 102.
- the housing part 12 is joined to the housing 100 with a cover 103.
- the housing part 12 comprises two electrical feedthroughs 10 arranged in the base 101 with connection terminals 22 to which a circuit to be switched by the relay 200 can be connected.
- connection terminals 22 For example, electrical connectors can be screwed to the connection terminals 22 for this purpose.
- the feedthroughs 10 are designed as described with reference to Figure 6. However, other feedthroughs 10 described here can of course also be used.
- a contacting device 110 is arranged inside the housing 100, which is designed to electrically connect the two connection terminals 22 in a first position so that a current flow is possible, and to electrically separate the two connection terminals 22 in a second position so that no current flow is possible.
- the connection terminals 22 can have a contact coating 40 on their end face facing the contacting device 110, which consists of a contact material.
- the contact material for example silver or a silver-copper or silver-nickel alloy, is resistant to oxidation and reduces an electrical contact resistance between the respective connection terminal 22 and the contacting device 110.
- an actuator 120 is provided in the embodiment shown in Figure 8, which is designed as an electromagnetic actuator.
- the housing 100 has further electrical feedthroughs, which are not visible in the sectional view in Figure 6.
- the contacting device 110 can then, for example, be brought into the first position by means of an electromagnet 122 of the actuator 120 when the electromagnet 122 is energized, so that an electric current can flow between the two connection terminals 22. If the energization of the electromagnet 122 is stopped, the contacting device 110 can, for example, be brought into the second position by means of a spring 124, so that no more current can flow between the two connection terminals 22. In order to quickly extinguish an arc that may occur when the contacting device 110 is separated from the connection terminals 22, it can be provided to fill the interior of the housing 100 with a so-called extinguishing gas.
- the extinguishing gas cannot escape from the housing 100.
- a pyrotechnic device can be provided (not shown in Figure 8) which, when an igniter is energized, triggers an explosive charge which then quickly moves the contacting device 110 into the second position in which the connection terminals 22 are electrically separated from one another.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023106157.7A DE102023106157A1 (de) | 2023-03-13 | 2023-03-13 | Durchführung mit einem Anschlussterminal sowie Blechgehäuse und Relais mit einer solchen Durchführung |
| PCT/EP2024/055025 WO2024188638A1 (de) | 2023-03-13 | 2024-02-28 | Durchführung mit einem anschlussterminal sowie blechgehäuse und relais mit einer solchen durchführung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4681239A1 true EP4681239A1 (de) | 2026-01-21 |
Family
ID=90124030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24708710.9A Pending EP4681239A1 (de) | 2023-03-13 | 2024-02-28 | Durchführung mit einem anschlussterminal sowie blechgehäuse und relais mit einer solchen durchführung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4681239A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026509873A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120836072A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023106157A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024188638A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106463309B (zh) * | 2014-06-19 | 2018-10-30 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 触点装置及使用该触点装置的电磁继电器、以及触点装置的制造方法 |
| JP6425638B2 (ja) | 2015-10-02 | 2018-11-21 | ショット日本株式会社 | 高容量リレー用パイプリード付き気密端子およびその気密端子を用いたリレー用接点装置 |
| WO2020104571A1 (de) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | Schott Ag | Elektrische durchführung glass-metall elektroden |
| JP7170214B2 (ja) | 2020-03-18 | 2022-11-14 | ショット日本株式会社 | 気密端子およびその気密端子を用いた接点装置 |
| DE102021122596A1 (de) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-02 | Schott Ag | Durchführung |
| DE102021126633A1 (de) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-20 | Schott Ag | Durchführung mit einem Anschlussterminal sowie Gehäuse und Relais mit einer solchen Durchführung |
-
2023
- 2023-03-13 DE DE102023106157.7A patent/DE102023106157A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-02-28 WO PCT/EP2024/055025 patent/WO2024188638A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-28 CN CN202480018757.5A patent/CN120836072A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-28 EP EP24708710.9A patent/EP4681239A1/de active Pending
- 2024-02-28 JP JP2025553644A patent/JP2026509873A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120836072A (zh) | 2025-10-24 |
| JP2026509873A (ja) | 2026-03-25 |
| WO2024188638A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 |
| DE102023106157A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 |
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