EP4673580A1 - Verfahren zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstand - Google Patents
Verfahren zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstandInfo
- Publication number
- EP4673580A1 EP4673580A1 EP24707065.9A EP24707065A EP4673580A1 EP 4673580 A1 EP4673580 A1 EP 4673580A1 EP 24707065 A EP24707065 A EP 24707065A EP 4673580 A1 EP4673580 A1 EP 4673580A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- starch
- iron
- bauxite residue
- rich fraction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
- C22B21/0023—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
- C01F7/0646—Separation of the insoluble residue, e.g. of red mud
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
- C01F7/0646—Separation of the insoluble residue, e.g. of red mud
- C01F7/0653—Separation of the insoluble residue, e.g. of red mud characterised by the flocculant added to the slurry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
- C01F7/066—Treatment of the separated residue
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to processes for recovering valuable materials from a bauxite residue.
- Bauxite Aluminum is extracted on an industrial scale from bauxite using the Bayer process.
- Bauxite typically contains only 30 to 60% aluminum oxide, the rest is a mixture that includes iron oxides and silicates.
- the Bayer process separates sufficiently pure aluminum oxide from bauxite.
- the bauxite residue (BR) produced by the Bayer process is also known as "red mud”. This name comes from the red colour caused by the iron compounds.
- the bauxite residue represents an enormous disposal problem. According to some sources, around 150 million tonnes of bauxite residue are produced as a waste product worldwide every year. The bauxite residue is often stored in large landfills or "red mud basins", but in some countries it is simply discharged into rivers. The bauxite residue represents an environmental problem of extraordinary proportions.
- patent specification US 3 127 239 A discloses a process for separating the alkali-insoluble components of aluminous ores of the bauxite type from alkaline bauxite digestion liquor in which they are suspended.
- a flocculant is added which comprises homogenized gelatinized starch.
- the patent DE 702 397 C describes a process for processing red mud, which is produced during the extraction of alumina from bauxite. The red mud is treated in the cold with diluted acids with or without the addition of a neutral salt.
- Another method for recovering valuable materials from a bauxite residue, in particular for separating iron-containing components, is known from EP 2 836 462 B1.
- the wet-chemical separation of at least some of the iron-containing components of the bauxite residue is to be made possible by a method which comprises the following steps: providing an aqueous suspension of the bauxite residue; adjusting a pH value of the suspension to a value between 7.2 and 12.2 and adding at least one dispersant; at least partially deagglomerating suspended mineral agglomerates of the bauxite residue by generating cavitation; and separating the resulting mixture into an iron-rich fraction and into at least one further, preferably silicate-rich fraction.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for recovering valuable materials from a bauxite residue, the method comprising the following steps: a) providing an aqueous suspension of the bauxite residue; b) adjusting a pH value of the aqueous suspension to a value between 7.2 and 12.2; c) at least partially deagglomerating suspended mineral agglomerates of the bauxite residue; and d) separating the resulting mixture into an iron-rich fraction and at least one further, preferably silicate-rich fraction, wherein preferably at least one flocculant is added to the aqueous suspension, wherein the at least one flocculant comprises starch.
- Deagglomeration should then be carried out by generating cavitation, ie by the formation and dissolution of steam-filled cavities (steam bubbles) in the suspending medium of the bauxite residue, eg by means of a dissolver stirrer or by exposure to ultrasound. An iron-rich fraction and a silicate-rich fraction should then be separated.
- the bauxite residue is preferably obtainable or obtained by the Bayer process. It can be bauxite residue obtained from a Landfill. In this way, existing landfills can be dismantled and recycled.
- the bauxite residue can also come directly from a Bayer process.
- the process according to the invention can therefore be carried out immediately after the Bayer process, whereby in step a) of the process the bauxite residue arising in the Bayer process is mixed with water in order to provide the aqueous suspension of the bauxite residue.
- the method according to the invention comprises steps a) to d) as described above.
- the steps of the method are preferably carried out in the order given.
- the method consists of steps a) to d).
- the bauxite residue can be mixed with water to obtain the aqueous suspension of the bauxite residue.
- the bauxite residue is preferably homogenized with water.
- Homogenization can take place in a homogenizing container.
- the homogenizing container can preferably be heated, for example via a double jacket.
- a stirrer can be used for homogenization.
- Homogenization can also take place using an inline disperser.
- the suspension can circulate between the inline disperser and the homogenizing container for homogenization, whereby the inline disperser can have the option of switching over and pumping the suspension into the next process step.
- the homogenizing vessel is preferably an open vessel. Water for dilution can be added to the homogenizing vessel, preferably also process water which is separated from the silicate-rich fraction. Bauxite residue can be added from a volume vessel with stirring (or in the case of an inline disperser with constant pumping in a circle).
- step b the aqueous suspension of the bauxite residue is adjusted to a pH value between 7.2 and 12.2.
- the pH value in step b) is adjusted by adding an acid.
- Citric acid is particularly preferred.
- One of the advantages of citric acid is that it is environmentally friendly.
- the acid in particular citric acid, is added in an amount in the range of 0.25 to 2 wt.% based on the dry matter content of the aqueous suspension.
- the acid can advantageously be added in liquid form from a storage container via a dosing pump. The amount of acid added can be ensured by measuring the pH value of the suspension.
- the temperature of the suspension is also set to a certain range in step b). It is particularly advantageous if the temperature is set to a value between 20 °C and 90 °C, preferably between 30 °C and 70 °C.
- the residence time of the bauxite residue in the homogenization container can preferably be 10 to 120 minutes, preferably 15 to 90 minutes, more preferably 20 to 70 minutes.
- the suspension is preferably kept in the pH range and/or temperature range specified above for the specified period of time, in particular 20 to 70 minutes, before the deagglomeration in step c). This residence time particularly supports the hydration of the individual mineral components, so that the individual particles are surrounded by a regular hydration shell.
- the suspension can be transferred to at least one dispersing container in which deagglomeration can take place.
- deagglomeration takes place through the introduction of mechanical energy in order to separate the agglomerated particles into microscopically small individual particles.
- the mutual forces of attraction can advantageously be minimized by adjusting the pH value and then overcome by mechanical energy.
- the individual minerals in the suspension can be largely separated from one another. To put it simply, the aim of deagglomeration is for each individual mineral particle in the mixture to float in the aqueous phase.
- the pH value can be adjusted again in the dispersing container (in addition to or alternatively to the adjustment already made in the homogenizing container).
- step c) it is preferred in the context of the process according to the invention if the deagglomeration in step c) takes place without prior addition of a dispersant. This increases, among other things, the economic efficiency of the process and at the same time reduces the environmental impact that environmentally problematic dispersants can otherwise cause.
- Step c) comprises at least partially deagglomerating suspended mineral agglomerates in the aqueous suspension.
- the deagglomeration is preferably carried out by subjecting the mineral agglomerates to high shear forces. This can be done by cavitation, e.g. using stirring elements running at high speeds which are specially shaped to achieve cavitation. For example, a toothed disk system can be used.
- cavitation e.g. using stirring elements running at high speeds which are specially shaped to achieve cavitation.
- a toothed disk system can be used.
- the iron content of the iron-rich fraction can be increased even further if the deagglomeration takes place without cavitation (see Example 4).
- an inline disperser has the advantage that no cavitation is generated.
- it has the further advantage that it enables a faster and possibly continuous process. This can shorten the dispersion time, which - also unexpectedly - makes it possible to achieve an even higher iron content in the iron-rich fraction (see Example 2 and Fig. 1).
- the overall time of the process is also shortened and the throughput increased.
- it is therefore preferred if the deagglomeration in step c) is carried out with an inline disperser.
- the deagglomeration in step c) takes place for a total duration of less than 120 minutes, preferably less than 90 minutes, more preferably less than 60 minutes, more preferably less than 45 minutes, more preferably less than 30 minutes, more preferably less than 20 minutes.
- the deagglomeration in step c) takes place for a total duration in the range of 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 2 to 90 minutes, more preferably 3 to 60 minutes, more preferably 5 to 45 minutes, more preferably 7 to 30 minutes, more preferably 10 to 20 minutes.
- At least one flocculant is added to the aqueous suspension, preferably to support agglomeration of iron-containing particles.
- the flocculant can be added after the deagglomeration is complete, i.e. after completion of step c).
- the flocculant can also be added beforehand, e.g. during the deagglomeration or even before the deagglomeration, i.e. for example between steps a) and b) or between steps b) and c).
- the addition takes place before step d), preferably between steps c) and d).
- the aim of this step is to get the individual particles to attach themselves to similar particles as much as possible and to form an agglomerate that can be sedimented and separated from the suspension by gravity in chronological order, for example due to the difference in density between the particles.
- the iron particles in the suspension should be captured and agglomerated.
- the flocculant is added in an amount in the range of 0.05 to 0.40 wt.% based on the dry matter content of the aqueous suspension.
- starch has proven to be a particularly advantageous flocculant. It has been possible to achieve a significant improvement in the process and even a higher iron content in the iron-rich fraction than when using significantly more environmentally harmful flocculants such as PCE (see Example 2 and Fig. 1).
- the at least one flocculant is therefore starch.
- starch Any type of starch can be used within the scope of the invention.
- potato starch has certain special advantages. For example, an excellent iron content in the iron-rich fraction was achieved with both potato and corn starch.
- the iron yield - i.e. the ratio between the amount of iron in the iron-rich fraction and the total amount of iron in the starting product bauxite residue - was even higher when using potato starch than with corn starch (see Example 3 and Fig. 2B).
- Potato starch is therefore particularly preferred within the scope of the invention.
- activated starch As a flocculant, it has proven highly advantageous to use activated starch as a flocculant.
- this is acid-activated starch - i.e. the starch is activated by treatment with an acid. It has been shown that activated starch can further improve the iron content and the yield. Without being bound to any theory, the inventors suspect that the activation leads to the starch unfolding better and being able to attach itself even better to the particles and accelerate agglomeration.
- the starch can be activated with any type of acid, for example HCl. However, it has proven particularly advantageous to use citric acid to activate the starch. This is particularly preferred if the same acid was already used in step b) to adjust the pH value, as this way no additional substances are introduced into the process.
- the starch can be kept in citric acid (e.g. 5% by weight in water) at a temperature of at least 50 °C for at least 1 hour.
- the flocculant especially the activated potato starch, can be added in liquid form from a storage container via a dosing pump.
- step d) of the process the mixture is separated into an iron-rich fraction and at least one further, preferably silicate-rich fraction.
- the separation into these two fractions can be carried out on the basis of a different specific weight, with the iron-rich fraction having a lower specific weight than the silicate-rich fraction.
- the separation in step d) is preferably carried out by selective sedimentation, preferably in a sedimentation tank.
- the addition of the flocculant can also take place in the sedimentation tank.
- the suspension can be fed from the dispersion container into the sedimentation tank.
- an agglomeration of similar particles can then take place and, among other things, larger units of iron oxide agglomerates can form, which sink due to the higher specific weight.
- the settling iron oxide can be compacted and continuously discharged via rotary valves or conveyor screws.
- the other, preferably silicate-rich fraction can be drained off at the overflow of the sedimentation tank.
- the iron-rich fraction can also be referred to as the "heavy fraction", "iron oxide concentrate” or “iron mineral concentrate”. This fraction is usually the fraction with the highest density. It preferably contains iron minerals, especially iron oxide and iron hydroxide. It is the first to separate from the suspension and can be discharged from the separator after compaction by vibration, for example. The iron-rich fraction can ultimately be used for recycling in iron production and thus forms a valuable raw material.
- the other fraction which is preferably rich in silicate, can also be referred to as the “light fraction”. It can be a fraction depleted in iron and containing clay minerals.
- the further, preferably silicate-rich fraction obtained in step d) is fed to a solid-liquid separation, preferably by filtration and/or centrifugation, in order to separate process water.
- Calcium hydroxide can be added to the other, preferably silicate-rich fraction before the solid-liquid separation. This can improve the separation or filtration properties.
- the process water separated from the further, preferably silicate-rich fraction is returned to the suspension in step a). It can be fed into a homogenization vessel and used in the homogenization of fresh bauxite residue.
- Figure 1 Comparison between starch and PCE as flocculants. The results are shown for different deagglomeration times.
- FIG. 1 Comparison between potato starch and corn starch as flocculants.
- A Iron content in the sediment.
- B Iron yield in the sediment.
- PCE polycarboxylate ether
- potato starch polycarboxylate ether
- corn starch polycarboxylate ether
- the bauxite residue was slurried with water and stirred with a toothed disk system or with an inline disperser. The suspension was heated to 50 °C and the pH was adjusted to 9.6 by adding citric acid.
- the flocculant was prepared. In the case of PCE, it was simply mixed with water. Starch was activated with 5 wt.% citric acid in water for at least 1 hour at at least 50°C. The flocculant was then added to the suspension and the rotation speed was increased to break up the particles. When the toothed disk system was used, this created cavitation. When the inline disperser was used, no cavitation occurred.
- the iron yield achieved is shown in Fig. 2B.
- a clear advantage of potato starch over corn starch was evident.
- a higher yield was achieved with potato starch than with corn starch.
- the difference was particularly clear at 0.05 wt.% starch, where a (very good) yield of 53.8% was achieved for corn starch, but an even significantly better yield of 65.8% was achieved for potato starch.
- the inline disperser uses a rotor-stator mixer that breaks and divides the grains across a narrow gap using strong crushing and transverse forces.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23158969.8A EP4424854A1 (de) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Verfahren zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstand |
| PCT/EP2024/054901 WO2024180033A1 (de) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-27 | Verfahren zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstand |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4673580A1 true EP4673580A1 (de) | 2026-01-07 |
Family
ID=85384584
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23158969.8A Withdrawn EP4424854A1 (de) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Verfahren zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstand |
| EP24707065.9A Pending EP4673580A1 (de) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-27 | Verfahren zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstand |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23158969.8A Withdrawn EP4424854A1 (de) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Verfahren zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstand |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4424854A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2024230269A1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX2025010211A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024180033A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3127239A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | Method of separation | ||
| DE702397C (de) * | 1936-06-28 | 1941-02-06 | Ver Aluminiumwerke Akt Ges | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von eisenhaltigen Schlaemmen, den Rotschlaemmen, wie sie bei der Tonerdegewinnung anfallen |
| EP2836462B1 (de) | 2012-04-12 | 2021-10-20 | EuroAtlantic Capital LLC | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wertstoffgewinnung aus einem bauxitrückstand |
| CN113857209B (zh) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-01-24 | 南华大学 | 赤泥的回收利用方法及其应用 |
-
2023
- 2023-02-28 EP EP23158969.8A patent/EP4424854A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-02-27 EP EP24707065.9A patent/EP4673580A1/de active Pending
- 2024-02-27 AU AU2024230269A patent/AU2024230269A1/en active Pending
- 2024-02-27 WO PCT/EP2024/054901 patent/WO2024180033A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2025
- 2025-08-28 MX MX2025010211A patent/MX2025010211A/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2025010211A (es) | 2025-11-03 |
| WO2024180033A1 (de) | 2024-09-06 |
| EP4424854A1 (de) | 2024-09-04 |
| AU2024230269A1 (en) | 2025-08-28 |
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