EP4653630A1

EP4653630A1 - Industrialised ventilated façade system for buildings

Info

Publication number: EP4653630A1
Application number: EP25177178.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: David BLÁZQUEZ SÁNCHEZ
Original assignee: Instalteck Internacional 2013 SL
Current assignee: Instalteck Internacional 2013 SL
Priority date: 2024-05-21
Filing date: 2025-05-19
Publication date: 2025-11-26
Also published as: ES2981808B2; ES2981808A1

Abstract

An industrialised ventilated façade system for buildings comprising prefabricated modules (1) comprising self-supporting sandwich-like panels (2) fixed to an structure or structural slab (F) of the building, a cladding (3) and a ventilation gap between said self-supporting panels and the cladding (3). The self-supporting panels comprise: a core (21) of thermally insulating and fire-proof material, provided with an inner face and an outer face (25, 26), fixed on the inner and outer faces of the core (21) of the self-supporting panel (2); upper (22) and lower (23) inserts, incorporated in the inner face of the core (21) and mechanically fixed to fixing elements of the self-supporting panel (2) to the building; and vertical inserts (24) incorporated in the outer face of the core (21) to which the cladding (3) of the ventilated façade is fixed.

Description

Technical Field.

The present invention relates to an industrialised ventilated façade system for buildings, comprising a main façade fixed to the structure or structural slab of the building, a cladding fixed to the outer face of the main façade and a ventilation gap defined between the main façade and the cladding of the industrialised ventilated façade.
This invention is applicable in the field of the construction of residential, public, educational, sports, cultural, healthcare buildings and buildings for any use.

Prior state-of-the-art.

Currently, ventilated façades formed on a main masonry façade and comprising claddings made up of panels of different materials and fixed to the main fagade by various elements, such as profiles, staples or screws, suitable for creating a ventilation gap between the main masonry façade and the cladding panels, are widely known.
Since traditional on-site construction poses different problems, such as long delivery times, handling of very different materials, the involvement of different professionals and high labour costs, there is a tendency to use modular construction systems, in which the different modules necessary for the construction of a building are built in the factory, using industrial techniques, and they are subsequently transported to the site location for their assembly.
French patent FR 3 002 249 describes a modular construction system comprising, at least, one panel and two uprights between which the panel containing a device which can be activated or deactivated and that limits or allows the movement of the panel is supported.
Spanish patent ES 0 480 632 describes a modular construction structure with vertical panels, the connection between panels being made by means of connecting hooks that extend into one panel and are inserted into slots defined in the adjacent panel walls.
Patent ES 2 609 490 , by the same holder of the present invention, describes a system and method of modular construction of buildings comprising wall modules provided with at least one panel and a perimeter frame consisting of metal sheets and two vertical posts that are fixed with posts of the adjacent modules.
However, the construction of ventilated façades with prefabricated modules has some drawbacks determined by the difficulty of lifting and fixing modules of considerable sizes and weights, and obtaining a ventilated façade that provides the building with adequate enclosure, resistance, insulation and moisture barrier properties.

Summary of the invention

The industrialised ventilated façade system for buildings object of this invention, being of the type comprising a main façade fixed to the structural slab of the building, a cladding fixed to the outer face of the main façade and a ventilation gap defined between the main façade and the cladding, has technical characteristics which allow the above problems to be satisfactorily solved and results in an efficient, economical, rapid and versatile system.
Specifically, a first object of the invention is to obtain an industrialised, self-supporting ventilated façade that provides a suitable enclosure to replace the traditional main masonry façade, and that incorporates the cladding of the ventilated façade.
Another object of the invention is to obtain an industrialised ventilated façade with a high degree of insulation and a low thermal conductivity, without thermal bridges between the inner and outer faces.
Another object of the invention is to guarantee the airtightness of the industrialised ventilated façade and its waterproofing, and to obtain the maximum performance in terms of finish quality with a minimum thickness.
According to the invention, this industrialised ventilated façade system is made up of prefabricated modules that comprise self-supporting sandwich-like panels that make up the main façade and on which the external cladding of the ventilated façade and, eventually, the external joinery are fixed.
The self-supporting panels comprise: a core formed of a thermally insulating and fire-proof material, provided with an inner face and an outer face; upper and lower inserts, incorporated in the inner face of the core and mechanically fixed to fixing elements of the self-supporting panel to the building; vertical inserts, incorporated in the outer face of the core, separated from the upper and lower inserts by the insulating material of the core itself and to which the cladding of the ventilated façade is mechanically fixed; and two layers of the self-supporting panel, an inner one being airtight and an outer one being a moisture barrier, that will be preferably fixed, respectively, on the inner and outer faces of the core of the self-supporting panel.
Said layers, one of which being airtight and the other being a moisture barrier, provide protection to the self-supporting panels intended to form the main wall of the building, and the insulating material of the core prevents the existence of thermal bridges between said tightness layers and between the vertical inserts incorporated in the outer face of the core and the upper and lower inserts incorporated in the inner face of the core.
The aforementioned upper, lower and vertical inserts are incorporated into the core during the factory manufacturing process of the self-supporting panels, being embedded in the core of the panel and thus avoiding thermal bridges, in order to be anchored to an existing structure and, in turn, support both the weight and the rest of the actions and overloads included in the Technical Building Code in order to house a ventilated façade and the exterior joinery, carrying out the process in the factory.
It is worth mentioning that the prefabricated modules, formed by the self-supporting panels and the cladding of the ventilated façade, may have different lengths and heights, in order to adapt to the separation between the structure or structural slab of the successive floors of the building.
The fixing elements of the self-supporting panel to the building comprise anchoring pieces fixed to the upper surface of the structural slab or structure of the building and to the lower insert of the self-supporting panel; said upper pieces comprising a flange that protrudes cantilevered from the structural slab and forms a support surface for said lower insert of the self-supporting panel.
Advantageously, the lower insert of the self-supporting panel consists of a hollow rectangular section metal profile which covers the entire length of the self-supporting panel; which provides, with a low weight, a compressive strength suitable to support the weight of the self-supporting panel.
The fixing elements of the self-supporting panel to the building also comprise anchoring brackets, being mechanically fixed to the lower area of the structural slab or structure of the building and to the upper insert of the self-supporting panel, which is preferably formed by a metal profile that is oriented horizontally and covers the entire length of the self-supporting panel.
The mechanical fixing of the anchoring pieces and brackets to the structure or structural slab of the building, and to the respective lower and upper inserts of the self-supporting panel, has been provided for, preferably by means of bolts and nuts.
According to the invention, the vertical inserts consist of vertically arranged profiles. These are distributed horizontally on the self-supporting panel and are suitably marked on the metal sheet being fixed on the outer face of the core of the self-supporting panel to facilitate its location and the screw fixing of the façade cladding on said vertical inserts.
In the invention, it has been provided that the material forming the core of the self-supporting panel is thermally insulating, preferably polyisocyanurate (PIR), with a Lambda thermal conductivity of 0.022 W/mK. Although PIR is the insulation used as the basis of calculation, the system contemplates the use of any insulation available on the market.
Advantageously, the self-supporting panels are fixed through the respective anchoring pieces and brackets to the structure or structural slab of consecutive floors of the building. It has been envisaged that the industrialised ventilated façade system of the invention may comprise fire-proof intumescent gaskets fixed to the front of the structure or structural slab of the successive floors of the building and arranged between the self-supporting panels corresponding to successive floors of the building, thereby minimising the risk of fire transmission from one floor to another in the event of fire. The system may contemplate the incorporation of intumescent gaskets arranged both horizontally and vertically.
Having the mentioned features, the industrialised ventilated façade system of the invention has the following advantages:

Acting as a building enclosure (it replaces the traditional brick construction of the main façade and its subsequent rendering, both inside and outside).
Insulating property: the panel itself is insulating and has a low thermal conductivity.
Self-supporting capacity: the metal inserts in the core allow the self-supporting panel to support the cladding of the ventilated façade and be anchored to the existing structure or structural slab in the building.
Airtightness: the connection between the different panels guarantees the airtightness of the façade system.
Waterproofing: the composition of the self-supporting panel guarantees the waterproofing of the support.
No thermal bridges: as there is no continuity between the internal and external reinforcements, there are no thermal bridges.
Fitted with exterior joinery: the exterior joinery is placed, fixed and sealed in the factory.
Finishing capacity: due to the speed of placement in the factory, it allows a wide range of finishes, such as ceramics, mass fibre cement, HPL, composite, aluminium, etc.
Lightness: a weight between 50-75 kg/m², which means that it can be shipped without special transportation for up 350 m².
High performance in quality finish with a minimum thickness and in a single movement.

Brief description of the contents of the drawings

In order to complement the description that is being carried out and with the purpose of facilitating a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the present description is accompanied by a set of drawings wherein, by way of an illustrative but nonlimiting example, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 shows a side view of the industrialised ventilated façade system for buildings according to the invention.
Figure 2 shows a side view of one of the self-supporting panels, vertically sectioned by a plane coinciding with one of the vertical inserts integrated into the outer face of the core of insulating material.
Figure 3 shows a plan view of one of the self-supporting panels sectioned by the horizontal plane A-A' referenced in Figure 2.
Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the industrialised ventilated façade system of the invention without the exterior cladding and with metal joinery building enclosures integrated therein.
Figure 5 shows a partial profile view of a variant of the ventilated façade system of Figure 1, incorporating an intumescent joint between the prefabricated modules of the successive floors of the building.

Detailed description of embodiments of the invention

In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, the industrialised ventilated façade system (100) comprises prefabricated modules (1) comprising: self-supporting panels (2) that are fixed to the structure or structural slab (F) of a building, forming the main façade thereof, and a cladding (3) fixed on the outer face of the self-supporting panels (2) and spaced from these, which make up the outer surface or face of the ventilated façade system.
As can be seen in the sections of Figures 2 and 3, the self-supporting panels (2) have a sandwich-like structure provided with a core (21) of a thermally insulating and fire-proof material, in this case of polyisocyanurate, with a Lambda thermal conductivity of 0.022 W/mK, being able to use other insulations available on the market; and two layers of the self-supporting pane, one of which being airtight (25) and the other being a moisture barrier (26), that are fixed, respectively, on the inner face of the core (21), intended to face towards the building, and on the outer face of said core (21).
Said layers (25, 26) can be made of steel, wood, fibre cement or any other suitable material in order to provide a moisture barrier to the self-supporting panel.
In the example shown, the self-supporting panels (2) have a general rectangular prismatic shape provided at their upper end with a front recess (27) and at their lower end with a rear recess (28), being referenced in Figure 2, and forming overlapping areas of the self-supporting panels (2) on the immediate lower ones as shown in Figure 1.
The self-supporting panels (2) comprise upper (22) and lower (23) inserts incorporated in the inner face of the core (21), being arranged horizontally and consisting in this embodiment of respective metal profiles that cover the entire length of the self-supporting panel and that have, respectively, an omega-shaped section and a hollow rectangular section. These profiles may be arranged as discontinuous elements, if the needs of the façade so require.
The self-supporting panels (2) also comprise vertical inserts (24) incorporated in the outer face of the core (21), separated from the upper (22) and lower (3) inserts by the insulating material of the core itself, avoiding thermal bridges between the two faces of the panel. These profiles may be arranged as discontinuous elements, if the needs of the façade so require.
As shown in Figure 1, the aforementioned upper (22) and lower (23) inserts form robust elements mechanically fixed to fixing elements of the self-supporting panel to the building, specifically in this case to the structure or structural slab (F).
The fixing elements of the lower insert (23) of the self-supporting panel (2) to the structural slab (F) comprise metal anchoring pieces (4) with inverted "T"-shaped section that are fixed by screws (not referenced) to the upper surface of the structural slab (F) and to said lower insert (23)
Said anchoring pieces (4) comprise a vertical flange (41), which forms a mounting stop of the self-supporting panel (2) in the front direction, and a horizontal flange (42), that protrudes cantilevered from the structural slab (F) and on which the self-supporting panel (2) rests by means of the lower insert (23). These elements may have another geometry depending on the needs of the façade.
The fixing elements of the upper insert (22) of the self-supporting panel (2) to the structural slab (F) comprise metal anchoring brackets (5) that are fixed by means of screws (not referenced) to the lower surface of the structural slab (F) and to the aforementioned upper insert (22); said anchoring brackets (5) forming a front mounting stop of the self-supporting panel (2) in the building.
The vertical inserts (24), incorporated into the outer face of the core (21) of the self-supporting panels (2), are responsible for supporting the cladding (3) of the ventilated façade. Said cladding (3) may be made of different materials and is fixed to said vertical inserts (24) by means of supports (31) that define the ventilation gap of the façade.
In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 4, the prefabricated modules (1) of the industrialised ventilated façade system incorporate the exterior joinery (6) already mounted in factory.
In the embodiment variant shown in Figure 5, the industrialised ventilated façade system (100) comprises an intumescent gasket (7) fixed to the front of the structure or structural slab (F) of the successive floors of the building.
The self-supporting panels (2) are fixed by the respective anchoring pieces and brackets (4, 5) to the structural slab (F) of consecutive floors of the building and, in the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the system comprises, between the prefabricated modules (1) of the successive floors of the building, fire-proof intumescent gaskets (7) fixed to the front of the structural slabs (F) of said floors.
Having sufficiently described the nature of the invention, as well as a preferred exemplary embodiment, it is noted for appropriate action that materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements described could be modified provided that this does not alter the essential characteristics of the invention which are claimed below.

Claims

Industrialised ventilated façade system for buildings comprising a main façade fixed to a structure or structural slab (F) of the building, a cladding (3) fixed to an outer face of the main façade and a ventilation gap defined between the main façade and the cladding; characterised in that the main façade consists of prefabricated modules (1) comprising self-supporting sandwich-like panels (2) in which the cladding (3) is mounted; said self-supporting panels comprising:
- a core (21) formed of a thermally insulating and fire-proof material, provided with an inner face and an outer face;

- two layers (25, 26), each fixed on the inner and outer faces of the core (21) of the self-supporting panel (2);

- upper (22) and lower (23) inserts, incorporated in the inner face of the core (21) and mechanically fixed to fixing elements of the self-supporting panel (2) to the building and,

- vertical inserts (24), incorporated in the outer face of the core (21), separated from the upper (22) and lower (23) inserts by the insulating material of the core (21) itself, and to which the cladding (3) of the ventilated façade is mechanically fixed by means of supports (31).
Industrialised ventilated façade system; according to claim 1, wherein the fixing elements of the self-supporting panel (2) of the building comprise anchoring pieces (4), fixed to the upper surface of the structural slab (F) and to the lower insert (23) of the self-supporting panel (2); said anchoring pieces (4) comprising a vertical flange (41) forming a front mounting stop of the self-supporting panel (2) and a horizontal flange (42) that protrudes cantilevered from the structural slab (F) and forms a support surface of the lower insert (23) of the self-supporting panel (2).
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 1, wherein the lower insert (23) of the self-supporting panel (2) consists of a metal profile that covers the entire length of said self-supporting panel (2).
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 3, wherein the metal profile of the lower insert (23) has a hollow rectangular section.
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 1, wherein the fixing elements of the self-supporting panel (2) to the building comprise anchoring brackets (5) mechanically fixed to the lower area of the structural slab (F) and to the upper inset (22) of the self-supporting panel (2).
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 5, wherein the upper insert (22) of the self-supporting panel consists of a metal profile horizontally arranged that covers the entire length of said self-supporting panel (2).
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 6, wherein the metal profile of the upper insert (22) has an omega-shaped section.
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 1, wherein the vertical inserts (24) consists of profiles vertically arranged and horizontally distributed on the self-supporting panel (2).
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 1, wherein the material forming the core (21) of the self-supporting panel (2) is polyisocyanurate with a Lambda thermal conductivity of 0.022 W/mK.
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claim 1, wherein the self-supporting panels (2) have a general rectangular prismatic shape provided at their upper end with a front recess (27) and at their lower end with a rear recess (28) forming overlapping areas of the self-supporting panels (2) in the vertical direction.
Industrialised ventilated façade system according to claims 2 to 8, wherein the self-supporting panels (2) are fixed by the respective anchoring pieces (4) and brackets (5) to the structural slab (F) of consecutive floors of the building; the system comprising fire-proof intumescent gaskets (7) fixed to the front of the structural slabs (F) of said floors and arranged between the self-supporting panels (2) corresponding to the successive floors of the building.