Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/04—Elements
  • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
  • C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working

Definitions

• the present disclosure is directed to lubricant compositions and more specifically to lubricant compositions comprising oil-based graphite lubricant compositions.
• Hot forging is an industrial process where a metal workpiece is placed in a die and is deformed under pressure. The energy applied to the metal workpiece to plastically deform it is converted into heat. Repeated forging of workpieces and generation of heat raises the temperature of the of the die.
• a lubricant is used during forging at the interface between workpiece and die to reduce friction and to ensure the workpiece can be removed from the die.
• Good lubrication can improve the workpiece deformation, favor accurate filling of the die cavities, reduce tool wear at those points with free flow movement and high specific pressures, and reduce the forging force. Such features will lessen the stresses induced in the forging tool and prevent direct tool to workpiece contact, which contributes to longer tool life and better-quality control.
• Oil-based lubricants typically include an oil as a carrier and a lubricating particle such as graphite. Oil-based lubricants adhere the graphite to the die to form a coating. Oil-based lubricants are disadvantaged relative to water-based lubricants as oil-based lubricants tend to run off the die surface and be squeezed out of the work piece/die interface under pressure. Additional issues exist as well. For example, graphite dispersions in oil are not stable and require continuous agitation otherwise gelling and caking occur in the graphite rich portion of the dispersion.
• the Gelling Test is hard to pass as a variety of competing theories exist to explain the dispersion of graphite. For example, one hypothesis theorizes that the dispersants act as spacers which accumulate at the surface of graphite particles and prevent their steric approach, but it is not known which moieties affect such properties. In contrast, Chinese patent application publication number CN111925697A (“the ‘697 publication”) provides a graphene and polymer dispersant composite material.
• the ‘697 publication explains that an enhanced graphene dispersion can be obtained by the inclusion of water-soluble polymer dispersant containing an aromatic ring structure and a hydrophilic group because the dispersant improves the compatibility between the surface inert graphene and the water-soluble polymer due to pi-pi interaction between the dispersant and the graphene.
• the ‘697 publication is silent with regard to how placement or quantity of aromatic structures affects the dispersion.
• a lubricant composition comprising an oil-based graphite dispersion that is able to pass the Gelling Test.
• the present disclosure is a result of discovering that a dispersant selected from the group consisting of a sulfosuccinate, a polyalkylene glycol comprising propylene oxide and butylene oxide, and combinations thereof can render a lubricant composition able to pass the Gelling Test.
• a dispersant selected from the group consisting of a sulfosuccinate, a polyalkylene glycol comprising propylene oxide and butylene oxide, and combinations thereof can render a lubricant composition able to pass the Gelling Test.
• the present disclosure is particularly useful for the formation of lubricants utilizing graphite.
• a lubricant composition comprises graphite, oil, and a dispersant selected from the group consisting of a sulfosuccinate, a polyalkylene glycol comprising propylene oxide and butylene oxide, and combinations thereof with the proviso that combinations of sulfosuccinate and polyalkylene glycol dispersants comprise 80 wt% or less of the polyalkylene glycol based on the total weight of the combined sulfosuccinate and polyalkylene glycol dispersants.
• the lubricant composition comprises 0.01 wt% to 5.0 wt% of the dispersant based on a total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the dispersant comprises a sulfosuccinate.
• the sulfosuccinate dispersant comprises di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate.
• the dispersant comprises the polyalkylene glycol and the polyaklylene glycol comprises from 30 wt% to 70 wt% propylene oxide based on the combined weight of propylene oxide and butylene oxide in the polyalkylene glycol.
• the polyaklylene glycol comprises from 40 wt% to 60 wt% propylene oxide based on the combined weight of propylene oxide and butylene oxide in the poly alkylene glycol.
• the dispersant comprises di-2- ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate and a dodecanol initiated polyalkylene glycol comprising 50 wt% propylene oxide based on the combined weight of propylene oxide and butylene oxide in the poly alkylene glycol.
• the term “and/or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed.
• the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.
• weight percent designates the percentage by weight a component is of a total weight of the lubricant composition unless otherwise specified.
• Chemical Abstract Services registration numbers refer to the unique numeric identifier as most recently assigned as of the priority date of this document to a chemical compound by the Chemical Abstracts Service.
• the present disclosure is directed to a lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition comprises graphite, oil, and a dispersant.
• the lubricant composition may comprise one or more other additives designed to alter a property of characteristic of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition comprises graphite.
• the graphite may have spherical shape, a plate like shape, an oblong shape and/or an irregular shape.
• the particles of the graphite may have a D90 of from 0.5 microns (“pm”) to 10 pm.
• pm microns
• D90 means that 90% of the graphite particles have a diameter or longest length dimension smaller than the indicated value and 10% of the particles have a diameter or longest length dimension greater than the indicated value.
• the graphite may have a D90 particle size of 0.5 pm or greater, or 1.0 pm or greater, or 1.5 pm or greater, or 2.0 pm or greater, or 2.5 pm or greater, or 3.0 pm or greater, or 3.5 pm or greater, or 4.0 pm or greater, or 4.5 pm or greater, or 5.0 pm or greater, or 5.5 pm or greater, or 6.0 pm or greater, or 6.5 pm or greater, or 7.0 pm or greater, or 7.5 pm or greater, or 8.0 pm or greater, or 8.5 pm or greater, or 9.0 pm or greater, or 9.5 pm or greater, while at the same time, 10 pm or less, or 9.5 pm or less, or 9.0 pm or less, or 8.5 pm or less, or 8.0 pm or less, or 7.5 pm or less, or 7.0 pm or less, or 6.5 pm or less, or 6.0 pm or less, or 5.5 pm or less, or 5.0 pm or less, or 4.5 pm or less, or 4.0 pm or less, or 3.5 pm or less, or 3.0 pm or less, or 2.5 pm
• the lubricant composition may comprise from 1 wt% to 60 wt% of graphite based on a total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition may comprise 1 wt% or greater, or 5 wt% or greater, or 10 wt% or greater, or 15 wt% or greater, or 20 wt% or greater, or 25 wt% or greater, or 30 wt% or greater, or 35 wt% or greater, or 40 wt% or greater, or 45 wt% or greater, or 50 wt% or greater, or 55 wt% or greater, while at the same time, 60 wt% or less, or 55 wt% or less, or 50 wt% or less, or 45 wt% or less, or 40 wt% or less, or 35 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 25 wt% or less, or 20 wt% or less, or 15 wt% or less, or 10
• the medium in which the graphite and the dispersant are dissolved is the oil.
• the oil may be a group (I) oil, a group (II) oil, or a group (III) oil as defined by the American Petroleum Institute.
• a group (I) oil is one which satisfies one of the two following criteria: (i) the oil is composed of less than 90 wt% saturates and/or greater than 0.03 wt% sulfur.
• a group (II) oil is one which is both over 90 wt% saturates and less than 0.03 wt% sulfur.
• a group (III) oil meets the same criteria as group (II) oils, but also has a viscosity index of greater than 120 as measured according to ASTM D2270.
• the oil may be derived from petroleum and/or may be derived from a biological source (e.g., plants, beans, seeds, nuts, fruits, etc.).
• the oil used can be a mineral oil (i.e., a colorless and odorless mixture of alkanes and cycloalkanes) distilled from crude oil.
• the oil may have a density from 0.70 grams per cubic centimeter (“g/cc”) to 0.95 g/cc. Any oil may be used in the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition may comprise from 50 wt% to 98 wt% oil based on a total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition may comprise 50 wt% or greater, or 55 wt% or greater, or 60 wt% or greater, or 65 wt% or greater, or 70 wt% or greater, or 75 wt% or greater, or 80 wt% or greater, or 85 wt% or greater, or 90 wt% or greater, or 95 wt% or greater, while at the same time, 98 wt% or less, or 95 wt% or less, or 90 wt% or less, or 85 wt% or less, or 80 wt% or less, or 75 wt% or less, or 70 wt% or less, or 65 wt% or less, or 60 wt% or less, or 55 wt% or less of the oil base on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition comprises the dispersant.
• the dispersant functions to disperse the graphite and prevent gelling after prolonged periods of no mixing.
• the dispersant is selected from the group consisting of a sulfosuccinate, a polyalkylene glycol comprising propylene oxide (“PO”) and butylene oxide (“BO”), and combinations thereof.
• the sulfosuccinate can have the general formula provided in Structure (I) Structure (I) wherein Ri and R2 are each independently a C4-C16 alkyl and M + is a cation. Each one of Ri and R2 may independently be linear or branched.
• Each one of Ri and R2 may independently be a C4 alkyl, or a C5 alkyl, or a Ce alkyl, or a C7 alkyl, or a Cs alkyl, or a C9 alkyl, or a C10 alkyl, or a Cn alkyl, or a C12 alkyl, or a C13 alkyl, or a C14 alkyl, or a C15 alkyl, or a Ci6 alkyl.
• M + may be selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and other cations.
• the polyalkylene glycol comprises 10 wt% or greater, or 20 wt% or greater, or 30 wt% or greater, or 40 wt% or greater, or 50 wt% or greater, or 60 wt% or greater, or 70 wt% or greater, or 80 wt% or greater, while at the same time, 90 wt% or less, or 80 wt% or less, or 70 wt% or less, or 60 wt% or less, or 50 wt% or less, or 40 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 20 wt% or less PO based on the combined weight of PO and BO in the polyalkylene glycol.
• the polyalkylene glycol comprises, on average, from 10 wt% to 90 wt% BO based on the combined weight of PO and BO in the polyalkylene glycol.
• the poly alkylene glycol comprises 10 wt% or greater, or 20 wt% or greater, or 30 wt% or greater, or 40 wt% or greater, or 50 wt% or greater, or 60 wt% or greater, or 70 wt% or greater, or 80 wt% or greater, while at the same time, 90 wt% or less, or 80 wt% or less, or 70 wt% or less, or 60 wt% or less, or 50 wt% or less, or 40 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 20 wt% or less BO based on the combined weight of PO and BO in the polyalkylene glycol.
• the polyalkylene glycol used in the lubricant composition may comprise dodecanol initiated random copolymers comprising 50 wt% PO and 50 wt% BO based on the total weight of the PO and BO in the dispersant.
• Such copolymers are commercially available under the commercial name of UCONTM OSP-18, UCONTM OSP-32, UCONTM OSP-46, UCONTM OSP-68, UCONTM OSP-150, and UCONTM OSP-220 (UCONTM is a trademark of Union Carbide Corporation) and are commercially available form The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
• the lubricant composition comprises 0.01 wt% to 5.0 wt% of the dispersant based on a total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition may comprise 0.01 wt% or greater, or 0.05 wt% or greater, or 0.
• the dispersant may comprise both a succinate and a polyalkylene glycol.
• the dispersant combination comprises 80 wt% or less of the polyalkylene glycol based on the total weight of the combined sulfosuccinate and polyalkylene glycol dispersants.
• the combined dispersant can comprise 80 wt% or less, or 75 wt% or less, or 70 wt% or less, or 65 wt% or less, or 60 wt% or less, or 55 wt% or less, 50 wt% or less, or 45 wt% or less, 40 wt% or less, or 35 wt% or less, 30 wt% or less, or 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, or 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less, 1 wt% or less of the polyalkylene glycol dispersant based on the combined weight of the combined sulfosuccinate and polyalkylene glycol dispersants.
• Graphite is a powder of graphite particles having a D90 of 5.0 m and is commercially available from Molygraph Lubricants, Mumbai, India.
• PIBSA polyisobutylene succinic anhydride having a CAS# of 67762-77-0 and is commercially available from Transasia Petrochem Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India.
• Oil is a group (II) oil derived from refining of vacuum distillates of specific crude oil fractions by dewaxing and hydro-processing.
• the Oil has a minimum viscosity index of 85 as measured according to ASTM D 227 and a density of 0.875 g/cc to 0.89 g/cc as measured according to ASTM D 4052-18.
• Examples of the Oil may be obtained from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri.
• DISP1 is 95 wt% or greater Structure (II) Structure (II) wherein x is 31 and R is C4H9OH.
• DISP 1 is commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
• DISP2 is a mixture of 65.5 wt% or less of di-2-ethylhexyl sodium C and other components and is commercially available as TRITONTM GR-7M from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
• DISP4 is a dodecanol initiated random copolymer (PO/BO, 50/50 by wt) with a typical kinematic viscosity at 40°C of 18 mm 2 /s (cSt). Its average Mn is 500 g/mol.
• DISP5 is commercially available as UCONTM OSP-18 from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
• DISP5 is a dodecanol initiated random copolymer (PO/BO, 50/50 by wt) with a typical kinematic viscosity at 40°C of 32 mm 2 /s (cSt). Its average Mn is 760 g/mol.
• DISP5 is commercially available as UCONTM OSP-32 from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
• DISP6 is a dodecanol initiated random co-polymer (PO/BO, 50/50 by wt) with a typical kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 150 mm/s (cSt). Its average molecular weight (Mn) is 1900 g/mol. DISP6 is commercially available as UCONTM OSP-150 from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
• DISP7 is a butylene oxide homopolymer with a typical kinematic viscosity at 40°C of 680 mm 2 /s (cSt) and a number average molecular weight of 5100 g/mol.
• DISP6 is commercially available as UCONTM OSP-68O from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan. Sample Preparation
• the samples were prepared by adding the indicated dispersant to the oil and stirring the mixture at 700 revolutions per minute (“RPM”) for 15 minutes using an overhead stirrer. Next, the graphite was slowly added to the mixture while stirring continued. Next, the mixture was stirred for an additional 15 minutes at 700 RPMs using the same overhead stirrer. Finally, the mixture was transferred to transparent graduated cylinders and covered to observe the stability of the mixture. The mixtures were left undisturbed at approximately 23 °C for 31 days and then observed.
• RPM revolutions per minute
• Table 1 provides the results of the comparative examples (“CE”) and the inventive examples (“IE”).
• lubricant compositions comprising a graphite, oil and a dispersant selected from the group consisting of a sulfosuccinate, a polyalkylene glycol comprising propylene oxide and butylene oxide are able to pass the Gelling Test.
• CE1 demonstrates that the lack of a dispersant causes gelling of the graphite.
• the addition of PIBSA and other dispersants in CE2-CE5 are unable to prevent gelling of the graphite within the oil.
• CE6 demonstrates that an 80:20 amount by weight of the DISP5 and DISP2 (i.e., about 86 wt% actives of the polyalkylene glycol DISP5) is also unable to prevent gelling of graphite. Contrary to CE6, IE5 which has equal weights of DISP5 and DISP2 (i.e., about 61 wt% actives of the polyalkylene glycol DISP5) is able to successfully prevent gelling of the graphite. Similarly, the use of the succinate and the polyalkylene glycols alone in 1E1-IE4 are able to prevent the graphite from gelling and keep the graphite in a dispersible form.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 2023
  • 2023-12-12 JP JP2025535278A patent/JP2026500526A/ja active Pending
  • 2023-12-12 WO PCT/US2023/083486 patent/WO2024144998A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2023-12-12 CN CN202380086894.8A patent/CN120380116A/zh active Pending
  • 2023-12-12 EP EP23844306.3A patent/EP4642884A1/de active Pending

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