EP4608697A1 - Verfahren zur automatischen auswertung von gleismessdaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur automatischen auswertung von gleismessdatenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4608697A1 EP4608697A1 EP23782411.5A EP23782411A EP4608697A1 EP 4608697 A1 EP4608697 A1 EP 4608697A1 EP 23782411 A EP23782411 A EP 23782411A EP 4608697 A1 EP4608697 A1 EP 4608697A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- track
- wavelet
- wavelength
- thermal image
- defects
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/047—Track or rail movements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/048—Road bed changes, e.g. road bed erosion
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/72—Investigating presence of flaws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/14—Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/14—Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms
- G06F17/148—Wavelet transforms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
- E01B35/06—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring irregularities in longitudinal direction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
- E01B35/12—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring movement of the track or of the components thereof under rolling loads, e.g. depression of sleepers, increase of gauge
Definitions
- Track construction machines are used to eliminate and correct these geometric track errors. Before track construction work begins, the tracks are recorded in terms of their geometric track position and correction values are derived from this, which are then passed on to the machine to carry out the corrective measures.
- the machines are equipped with a trailing measuring system which checks the track position with regard to compliance with specified tolerances (AT516278A1).
- Tamping machines with a fully hydraulic tamping drive record the ballast properties during operation using the sensors integrated in the fully hydraulic tamping drive (AT515801 A1 ).
- ballast bed parameters such as ballast bed hardness, compaction force, ballast bed stiffness and ballast damping can be measured and specified for each tamped sleeper (AT520117A1 ).
- the degree of contamination of the ballast can be determined using these parameters. If the degree of contamination exceeds 30% of fine particles in the ballast, the track position can no longer be permanently corrected by tamping. The ballast must then be replaced or cleaned. Ballast bed cleaning machines are used for this purpose.
- ballast bed results in hollow sleepers. These typically occur at intervals of 2-5m (D0 band). They can also be remedied using track tamping machines.
- Error wavelengths in the range (D1 band) of 3 to 25 m typically indicate track errors that arise from interaction with the vehicles (axle spacing in the bogies, bogie spacing or individual axle spacing, suspension and damping behavior of the running gear). The settlements are caused by the relocation, abrasion and breakage of the ballast grains. Track position errors in this wavelength range can be corrected using track tamping machines. It is known that a highly contaminated ballast bed has high compaction forces. There is no room for movement between the ballast bed grains because they are filled with fine material. This increases the compaction forces that must be applied to move and compact the ballast. At the same time, such contaminated track beds have a reduced durability of the corrected track geometry because the friction forces and the interlocking between the ballast bed grains are low.
- a formation protection layer is introduced using a formation improvement machine (or other non-mechanized methods). If the track faults are due to inadequate drainage, then this must be improved. This can be done by dredging the railway trenches or by cleaning and flushing the drainage channels.
- Defects with a wavelength greater than 70m are due to inadequate load-bearing behavior of the subsoil.
- the use of subgrade improvement machines to install a load-distributing subgrade protection layer or soil replacement can help.
- this type of defect is often caused by long-wave distortions.
- the railway divides the track sections into track classes.
- the track classes differ in the speed range in which they are operated.
- Each track class is assigned its own limit values for the standard deviations of the track errors. This assignment is made for the track geometry variables direction, height, cross slope, twist and track. There are limit values that are used to plan track work (which should be carried out within a certain period of time) and critical ones that require immediate repair or restriction of operations (up to closure).
- the measurement of the ballast bed properties using fully hydraulic tamping drives records the properties of the ballast in great detail and precisely down to the threshold (AT515801 B1 ) and thus allows an objective assessment.
- track maintenance is planned based on track geometry measurements. Track measuring vehicles drive over the tracks at regular intervals and record their geometric position. The track position is usually divided into sections of around 200m in length and the standard deviation of the height, direction, superelevation and twist is recorded. In addition to these statistical values, singular individual errors are also measured. If the statistical values exceed certain comfort tolerances, maintenance work is planned and carried out.
- the assessment of the track defects is carried out on the basis of standard deviations or moving averages of the measurement signals.
- the determination of the exact position, extent, type and cause of the track defects remains undetermined or unclear.
- the planning and implementation of the track work is usually based on a given set of rules or the experience of the person responsible. Ballast bed and subsurface properties are generally hardly included in the assessment, as objective measurement data is usually not available.
- TQI track quality index This is usually calculated from a weighted composition of the standard deviations of the various track geometry parameters or the longitudinal height alone.
- the disadvantage of these methods is that they are not based on an analysis of the causes of the track defects and therefore often use unsuitable methods to correct them. This leads to increased maintenance costs. For example, an incorrect method can lead to an increased and rapidly increasing number of tamping jobs. The correct method would have been to clean the ballast bed. This not only leads to an increase in maintenance costs, but also has a negative impact on the service life of the track components (ballast, rails, sleepers, etc.) and increases the LCC.
- the ballast can be extremely damaged if it is left lying for a long time. A large proportion of fine particles and organic material or from the subsoil after Soil pressed on top may have filled the gaps between the ballast grains. It is known from practice that the track position in such ballast structures cannot be permanently corrected using track tamping machines.
- ANN artificial neural networks
- ANFIS adaptive neural fuzzy interference systems
- DSS decision support systems
- Artificial intelligence models have the ability to depict complex track deterioration behavior or the type, location, extent and wavelength of track errors with high accuracy. KL models must be trained with training data sets. They are then tested with test data sets.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for the automatic evaluation and analysis of a measured series of track measurement data, in particular a track geometry size and/or the ballast bed.
- the analysis should automatically determine the type, location, extent and size of the track defects.
- the method should also automatically generate suggestions for correcting the track defects and be able to provide a general assessment of the track condition.
- the invention is characterized in that first a series of measurements of the track measurement data to be evaluated, which is assigned to a track section, is wavelet transformed with a plurality of wavelets of different wavelengths and from these wavelet transforms a type of thermal image is created in which the wavelength over the position in a track and the wavelet transforms are provided as thermal information, and a wavelet power density spectrum are formed and, in addition, a signal strength diagram is calculated for different wavelength ranges, after which the local position, extent and associated wavelength ranges of predominant track defects are determined from the thermal image, in particular from the contour lines of the thermal image, in order to determine the type, position, extent and size of the track defects.
- a measured series of track measurement data (e.g. longitudinal height, direction, twist, transverse height, bedding hardness, compaction force, ballast stiffness, ballast damping) is analyzed using the wavelet method and, if necessary, the fractal method with regard to the local position and extent and its wavelength content. It is important that, in contrast to Fourier transformations, the position information of the errors is retained with the wavelet transformations, meaning that individual errors can subsequently be assigned clear positions on the track.
- a wavelet power density spectrum is calculated and a type of thermal image is generated in which the position, extent and size of the track errors can be seen in color or by (contour) lines of equal intensity.
- a double-logarithmic fractal diagram can be generated, from which the track errors can be calculated depending on the wavelength (from the gradient and position in the wavelength range).
- the type, position and extent of the track error are automatically calculated according to the analyzed range of wavelengths contained in the series of measurements.
- the intensity and size of the track errors are determined from the integral over the corresponding wavelength band of the wavelet power density spectrum. All of this serves to automatically evaluate the measured series of measurements of a track geometry size and to automatically determine the type, position, extent and size of the track errors.
- the analysis is followed by the automatic generation of suggestions for correcting the track errors.
- the analysis also leads to a general assessment of the condition of the track in question.
- the invention creates an expert system which uses objective numbers to automatically assign the type, location and extent of track defects. In addition to track position measurements, information about the ballast is also available for this evaluation. A possible mutual influence of the various measured variables is probably not recorded by this expert system.
- this expert system is intended to train an artificial intelligence that integrates these hidden relationships into the evaluation, takes them into account and thus leads to greater precision.
- Wavelets were born from the idea of dividing a track into shorter sections and using the Fourier transformation to find the places where short-wave track errors occur (short-path Fourier transformation).
- wavelets In contrast to the sine and cosine functions of the Fourier transformation, wavelets have locality in the wavelength spectrum and in the spatial spectrum. Put simply, the wavelet transformation works as if the signal were filtered piece by piece with a bandpass of a certain bandwidth. This means that certain error wavelength ranges are found locally. A simple track error signal results in a two-dimensional representation of the wavelengths over the location.
- wavelet functions There are various wavelet functions that are used. Typical ones are the Morlet wavelet and the Mexican hat.
- the wavelet transform is calculated as: and is called the wavelet transform of F(x) with respect to.
- the wavelet is shifted through the function F(x) (e.g. the course of the measured bedding hardness in the longitudinal direction of the track), with a (scale factor) as the wavelength parameter, the wavelength of the wavelet is varied. This results in a two-dimensional representation (the detected wavelengths are plotted against b of the position in the track).
- the so-called fractal number can be calculated from the track measurement data curves.
- the length of a polygonal line that is fitted into the measurement data curve is calculated for a specific section length of a railway line, for example 200m, with increasingly smaller step sizes. The following applies to the length of this polygonal line:
- logL(d) (1 - D r ) ⁇ log(d) + log(n)
- regression lines are included (section by section).
- Table 1 Wavelength ranges and assignment of track properties The table shows the classification of the wavelength ranges and the assignment that causes the waviness.
- the DO wavelength range is currently not usually recorded and evaluated by electronic inspection measurement runs. It is mainly caused by hollow sleepers and reactions between the sleeper and the rail fastening. Sleepers that hit the ballast are formed primarily at 1.2 m and between 3 and 3.6 m (i.e. 2 and 5-6 times the usual sleeper pitch of 0.6 m).
- Area D1 is the typical area in which quasi-periodic track defects develop due to car body and bogie movements. The dynamic loads acting on the rail lead to ballast degradation. The result: ballast abrasion and ballast grain breakage. As a maintenance measure, the ballast is tamped or cleaned and the waste is replaced with new ballast. D2 occurs in the mixed zone between ballast and subsoil and in the subsoil. This area can also be improved by tamping and track cleaning.
- Area D3 is due to subsoil problems, the long-wave fluctuations are often characterized by torsional fluctuations. Area D3 is characterized by insufficient load-bearing capacity. Possible causes are inadequate drainage, poor soil (loam, clay, peat), unsuitable subgrade material or a missing or too weak subgrade protection layer. This track defect can be remedied by correcting the drainage problem, improving and renovating the subgrade or replacing the soil.
- wavelet and fractal analysis is applied to the recorded series of measurements.
- the expert system created in this way is used to train artificial intelligence.
- the Kl model then automatically provides the location, extent and type of track defect. It also provides information on the general quality of the track and suggests the optimal maintenance method based on technical and economic calculations.
- the invention is shown schematically in an embodiment in the drawing. Shown are:
- Fig. 1 Representation of the Mexican hat wavelet
- Fig. 2 a fractal plot of the track defect spectrum before and after track bed cleaning
- Fig. 3 an evaluation of a track error measurement series using wavelet analysis Ways to implement the invention
- Fig. 1 shows an example of the shape of a wavelet - the so-called Mexican hat.
- the wavelet is pushed through the series of measurements.
- the same wavelength components of the signal match and generate a corresponding signal. Since this evaluation is carried out with runs of different wavelengths one after the other, a two-dimensional plot is produced.
- Fig. 2 shows the result of the fractal analysis of a section of track before and after track cleaning.
- the influence is clearly visible in the medium-wave range 5, 6 (2-15m), while in the long-wave range it is practically unaffected by the ballast bed cleaning.
- the flat gradient in the long-wave range 7 indicates that the subsoil has sufficient load-bearing capacity and is in order.
- the track cleaning brought about an improvement. However, it had no influence on the long-wave range. If the change in the fractal number is followed over the load on the track or the operating time, then the remaining service life of the ballast or the rate of deterioration can be determined. Likewise, larger gradients in the long-wave range indicate problems with the subsoil.
- a characteristic feature is that the fractal analysis can be carried out for any track length, for example for entire routes or an entire track network. It provides numerical values that are independent of the length of the pattern analyzed.
- Fig. 3 shows the evaluation of a measurement signal using wavelet analysis.
- the measurement signal 1 (upper part of the image) can be a geometric measurement (longitudinal height, direction, twist, track, transverse height) or a physical one (rail temperature, ballast bed hardness, ballast bed stiffness, ballast damping or compaction force at the end of the tamping).
- the image shows the TQI (track quality index), which was calculated, for example, from weighted standard deviations of the track geometric and physical measurements. The higher the TQI, the worse the track.
- the TQI values must also be specified for each track class. A high-speed track that is traveled at 300 km/h has more tightly tolerated values than a freight car track with a maximum of 80 km/h.
- the two-dimensional thermal image 2 calculated using wavelets is shown below the signal curve. If this is shown in color, then error intensities can be clearly seen visually in terms of their location and extent.
- the wavelength is plotted vertically and the position on the track horizontally. As an example, 400m sections are evaluated so that error wavelengths up to 200m can still be analyzed. The evaluation in the image shown takes error wavelengths up to 150m into account and thus covers all four wavelength bands of interest from D0 to D3.
- the intensity of the errors is shown in the thermal image as contour lines or in the form of color gradations. For example, error J in area G of signal 1 is shown in thermal image 2 in the area of the D1 band at a wavelength of around 20m.
- the error can be located in the range of 250 to 350m. Since a fault also occurs at 220m, a blockage of 200 to 350m is the best choice.
- D2 and D3 bands parts can be seen that indicate a drainage problem and a load-bearing capacity problem in this area. This is to be seen as the actual cause of the track faults occurring in this area.
- the lower diagram shows the fault intensities for the three wavelength bands D0 to D2. These make it easier to assign the position and extent as well as the fault intensity.
- the wavelet power density spectrum LD can be seen. The vertical Wavelength is plotted and horizontally the power density.
- the wavelength bands are drawn in the diagram. To determine the average power density in a wavelength band, the integral (A) is calculated. This is done for all four bands. The detection of the maximum values is also important because they indicate the dominant track error wavelengths. Using the method, individual errors (in the image, for example, with the extent Ax) can also be detected and their position and extent can be specified.
- Marking B shows a short-wave track defect in the 40m range that is due to hollow sleepers.
- an image of the PSD spectrum shows that the intensity is low and therefore tamping does not yet need to be carried out in this area.
- Marking F identifies a weakness in the boundary layer at a wavelength of around 35m. It would be advisable to examine this section for effective drainage.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Complex Calculations (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA50824/2022A AT526338B1 (de) | 2022-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | Verfahren zur automatischen Auswertung von Gleismessdaten |
| PCT/AT2023/060332 WO2024086862A1 (de) | 2022-10-25 | 2023-09-25 | Verfahren zur automatischen auswertung von gleismessdaten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4608697A1 true EP4608697A1 (de) | 2025-09-03 |
Family
ID=88236731
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23782411.5A Pending EP4608697A1 (de) | 2022-10-25 | 2023-09-25 | Verfahren zur automatischen auswertung von gleismessdaten |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260109379A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4608697A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025535747A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120035541A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT526338B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024086862A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT513973B1 (de) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-09-15 | System7 Railsupport Gmbh | Stopfaggregat für eine Gleisstopfmaschine |
| CN104032629B (zh) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-03-02 | 南京理工大学 | 一种垂向轨道长波不平顺在线监测方法及系统 |
| AT515801B1 (de) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-12-15 | System 7 Railsupport Gmbh | Verfahren zum Verdichten des Schotterbettes eines Gleises |
| AT516278B1 (de) | 2014-10-22 | 2016-04-15 | System 7 Railsupport Gmbh | Verfahren zur Messung und Darstellung der Gleisgeometrie einer Gleisanlage |
| CN104947555A (zh) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-09-30 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | 一种基于四点弦测法的轨道不平顺检测方法及系统 |
| AT520117B1 (de) | 2017-07-11 | 2019-11-15 | Hp3 Real Gmbh | Verfahren zum Verdichten eines Schotterbettes eines Gleises |
| CN111979859B (zh) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-03-11 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 | 轨道不平顺检测系统及方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-10-25 AT ATA50824/2022A patent/AT526338B1/de active
-
2023
- 2023-09-25 EP EP23782411.5A patent/EP4608697A1/de active Pending
- 2023-09-25 JP JP2025520844A patent/JP2025535747A/ja active Pending
- 2023-09-25 US US19/116,298 patent/US20260109379A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-25 CN CN202380072707.0A patent/CN120035541A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-25 WO PCT/AT2023/060332 patent/WO2024086862A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120035541A (zh) | 2025-05-23 |
| AT526338B1 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
| WO2024086862A1 (de) | 2024-05-02 |
| US20260109379A1 (en) | 2026-04-23 |
| AT526338A4 (de) | 2024-02-15 |
| JP2025535747A (ja) | 2025-10-28 |
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