EP4588083A1 - Verfahren zur ansteuerung eines elektromechanischen schaltelements - Google Patents
Verfahren zur ansteuerung eines elektromechanischen schaltelementsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4588083A1 EP4588083A1 EP23761956.4A EP23761956A EP4588083A1 EP 4588083 A1 EP4588083 A1 EP 4588083A1 EP 23761956 A EP23761956 A EP 23761956A EP 4588083 A1 EP4588083 A1 EP 4588083A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contacts
- switching element
- switch
- coil
- armature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/60—Auxiliary means structurally associated with the switch for cleaning or lubricating contact-making surfaces
- H01H1/605—Cleaning of contact-making surfaces by relatively high voltage pulses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
- H01H2047/003—Detecting welded contacts and applying weld break pulses to coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
- H01H2047/006—Detecting unwanted movement of contacts and applying pulses to coil for restoring to normal status
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling an electromechanical switching element, as well as a universal component.
- the contactor is opened and closed at least once when the contacts of the contactor come into contact with a contact resistance that is not below a defined value.
- EP3185269B1 the operating current is superimposed with an electrical waveform.
- the procedure can only be used for a switch-off process.
- Measures such as repeating the switching process and applying a vibration to the contacts are known.
- the measurement technology required for detecting contact states is also known, for example from DE 102018114425 A1 or WO 202194418 A1.
- What is proposed is a method for controlling an electromechanical switching element, having at least a plurality of contacts, a coil with an iron core and an armature, whereby, if a predetermined condition is met, pulsing on and off during the switch-off process or pulsing off and on during the switch-on process of the switching element is carried out several times at a predetermined time within an overstroke range in such a way that the coil current flowing into the coil oscillates between a predetermined maximum value and a minimum value, so that the armature moves within the overstroke range and thereby the contacts rub against one another without moving away from each other solve, where the minimum value is defined as the current value at the time when the armature begins to separate from the iron core.
- the predetermined condition is a detected error condition in which the contacts do not contact each other when switched on or do not loosen when switched off, or where the predetermined condition is a detection of a deterioration in the contact quality of the contacts.
- the switch-on period or the switch-off period is selected until the coil current has reached the value that it had at a predetermined time after switching off or switching on.
- the overstroke range is determined continuously during use for each electromechanical switching element, and in the event that this changes during the service life, the predetermined time for pulsing in or out within the overstroke range is adjusted.
- a universal component comprising an electromechanical switching element, having a plurality of contacts and an armature, the armature being set up to move the contacts in such a way that they touch or separate from one another, and an integrated measuring technology for determining at least one Overtravel range in operation of the electromechanical switching element, and a microcontroller in signal connection with the electromechanical switching element, in which the method is implemented as a software program.
- the universal component is designed as a relay base.
- Figures 1-3 show views of an electromechanical switching element in different switching states according to the prior art.
- Figure 4 shows a diagram showing a normal shutdown process and contact rubbing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the proposed method is used in products with electromechanical switching elements 10, which have several contacts 7a, 7b, 7c and an armature 5.
- electromechanical switching elements 10 of the proposed invention are installed in universal components such as universal bases e.g. in industrial automation (DC industrial networks), or in charging stations for electric vehicles, etc. are used.
- the electromechanical switching elements 10 used here cannot generally be configured directly after production or based on one or more reference components, since depending on the application scenario, i.e. type of switching element, control voltage, installation position, installation location, etc., different influences have an effect that lead to changed properties of the Switching properties of the switching element can lead.
- an electromechanical switching element 10 is controlled directly at the installation site to reduce errors.
- This means that the control method is carried out within the universal component. Both measurement technology and a microcontroller are required for this and are installed in the universal component.
- the universal component can be designed as a relay socket.
- a relay 10 as an electromechanical switching element 10.
- the method can also be used for other electromechanical switching elements, e.g. contactors.
- the generic changeover contact can also be used in other devices such as. B. be integrated with a changeover switch.
- the electromechanical switching element 10 includes three connections assigned to the changeover contact, which are referred to below according to the usual convention as COM connection (“common”) 2a, NC connection 2b (normally closed) and NO connection 2c (normally open). . Furthermore, the electromechanical switching element 10 comprises two relay coil connections 3a and 3b, via which a relay coil 3, also referred to as a coil 3 for short, of the electromechanical switching element 10 can be energized with a coil current I3.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which the relay 10 is open, i.e. contacts 7a and 7b are in contact with one another.
- 2 shows a state in which the relay is closed, i.e. contacts 7a and 7c are in contact with one another.
- a so-called overstroke is shown in Figure 3.
- the contact 7a is in contact with contact 7c (relay 10 is closed) and is pressed against contact 7c by the slide 6 actuated by the armature 5, which is shown by the bending of the upper end of contact 7a.
- the armature 5 does not touch the coil 3 (more precisely the iron core 8). This means that the connection of the contacts 7a and 7c is already conductive, but the bending of the contact elements still changes; this area is referred to below as the overtravel area.
- the area B0 denotes the state in which the relay 10 is closed, i.e. the armature 5 is attracted to the coil 3. More precisely, the armature does not touch the coil 3, but the yoke or iron core 8 and is released in areas B1 and B2 of this, and the contacts 7a and 7c abut each other (as in Fig. 2), so that there is conductivity (denoted by the short dashed line L1).
- the area B1 denotes the state of overtravel (as in FIG.
- the area B2 shows the state in which the relay 10 is open, i.e. the contacts 7a, 7c are separated from one another, so that there is no longer any conductivity between the contacts 7a, 7c (as in Fig. 1).
- the solid line represents the coil current I3. It can be seen that during the switch-off process, the coil current I3 decreases to a current minimum (minimum current) at time t_01. This current minimum is defined by the release of the armature 5 from the iron core 8 of the coil 3 (and can be detected shortly after release).
- the coil current 13 increases again, which can be determined, for example, mathematically via the derivative (change from negative to positive).
- the area BO transitions into the area B1 (overtravel).
- the overtravel area B1 is left (area B2 in which the contacts 7a, 7c are open).
- the period d_02 denotes the period of time between t_01 and t_12, in which the armature 5 is detached from the iron core 8 of the coil 3, but the contacts 7a, 7c are still in contact with one another.
- the aim of the invention is to detect a faulty switching state which prevents the contacts 7a/7b or 7a/7c from coming apart from each other or in which the contacts 7a/7b or 7a/7c touch but do not conduct, and to detect this faulty switching state automatically to correct.
- This is achieved by re-exciting the armature 5 within the overstroke region B1, whereby the contacts 7a, 7c are moved and rub against each other, as described below.
- the switch-off process is considered, i.e. contacts 7a, 7c.
- the proposed method can also be used when switching on.
- the switching element 10 is therefore fully conductive even while the contacts are rubbing.
- the coil current I3 (11) therefore oscillates between a (predetermined, freely selected) maximum current and a minimum current (defined by releasing the armature 5), which always causes a movement of the armature 5 in the overtravel area B1.
- the time t_off of switching off is chosen somewhere between the maximum current marked “1” on the ordinate in Figure 4 (maximum coil current I3) and the minimum current (which is present at time t_01). In this version, the time t_off is selected at approximately 2/3 of the full coil current I3. However, a different switch-off time t_off and thus a different switch-off coil current I3 can also be selected for each control. For example, in a band of 90% to 40% of the coil current I3 can be excited.
- the switch-off duration d_off results from the selected time t_off and the switch-on time t_on.
- the switch-on duration d_on results from the period between the switch-on time t_on and the time t_off2, at which the coil current 11 reaches the same level as the switch-off coil current I3 at the time t_off.
- the sum of d_out and d_in results in the frequency of the (pulse width) signal for control, and the ratio of d_out and d_in results in the duty cycle of the signal.
- a high frequency of 50 Hz or more, in this version of 200 Hz, is preferably achieved.
- the method is advantageously ended at the earliest when successful contacting of the contacts 7a, 7b (when switching on) or a loosening of the contacts 7a, 7c (when switching off) is detected. Monitoring is advantageously carried out continuously or at predetermined times. If no corresponding detection is possible after a predetermined period of time, the relay 10 is switched off and an error signal is output.
- the result of the proposed renewed excitation is therefore that the contacts 7a, 7c rub against each other several times, but are not opened (separated from each other), so that the conductive connection between them remains, as indicated by the dotted line L2 in Figure 4.
- the term multiple means that the pulsing on and off (in the switch-off process) or the off and on (in the switch-on process) is repeated several times, preferably until the error condition is no longer detected, with a limitation to a duration or frequency of rubbing can be provided.
- a complete switching cycle is not completed during excitation. Rather, a renewed excitation takes place within the overtravel area B1, i.e. within the period d_02 between releasing the armature 5 and releasing the contacts 7a, 7c at a time t_ein, i.e. before the contacts 7a, 7c separate from one another.
- the method is event-based and is advantageously carried out when an error condition has been detected, i.e. when the contacts 7a, 7c do not come loose or a conductive connection can no longer be established due to deposits.
- the method can also be carried out preventively after a fixed number of switching operations of the relay 10.
Landscapes
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE20225719A BE1030869B1 (de) | 2022-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines elektromechanischen Schaltelements |
| PCT/EP2023/074113 WO2024056418A1 (de) | 2022-09-12 | 2023-09-04 | Verfahren zur ansteuerung eines elektromechanischen schaltelements |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4588083A1 true EP4588083A1 (de) | 2025-07-23 |
| EP4588083B1 EP4588083B1 (de) | 2025-12-17 |
Family
ID=83508448
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23761956.4A Active EP4588083B1 (de) | 2022-09-12 | 2023-09-04 | Verfahren zur ansteuerung eines elektromechanischen schaltelements |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12424403B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4588083B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119836672B (de) |
| BE (1) | BE1030869B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024056418A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4937544A (en) | 1988-01-29 | 1990-06-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | "Contact arrangement for a relay" |
| JP2001084860A (ja) | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 接点の電流制御装置 |
| DE19948551C1 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-07-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Vergleichmäßigung von Gesamtabbränden eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgeräts und hiermit korrespondierendes elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät |
| WO2006133726A1 (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-21 | Secheron S.A. | Blow-out device for an electromechanical dc circuit breaker |
| US20100265629A1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Howard Beckerman | Relay Coil Drive Circuit |
| DE102010011394A1 (de) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Franz-Josef Rapp | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des mechanischen Zustandes einer elektromechanischen Relaisanordnung |
| US11211216B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2021-12-28 | Zonit Structured Solutions, Llc | Accelerated motion relay |
| DE102014007459A1 (de) | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-26 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Leistungsrelais für ein Fahrzeug |
| DE102014211400A1 (de) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schützes |
| DE102015016992B4 (de) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-09-28 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Reinigen elektrischer Kontakte einer elektrischen Schalteinrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug |
| CN205645697U (zh) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门宏发开关设备有限公司 | 一种能够实现自清洁的接触器的触头系统 |
| DE102018114425A1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schaltüberwachungsvorrichtung |
| US11610750B2 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2023-03-21 | Te Connectivity Solutions Gmbh | Electromechanical switch with stabilized engagement between contacts |
| BE1026844B1 (de) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-07-08 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verschleißerkennung einer elektromechanischen Schalteinrichtung |
| EP4029043A1 (de) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-07-20 | Arc Suppression Technologies | Oberflächenplasmatherapie für elektrische kontaktelektroden |
| EP4058816B1 (de) | 2019-11-13 | 2025-02-26 | Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG | Kontaktüberwachungsvorrichtung |
| US11651918B2 (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2023-05-16 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Sensing properties of switching devices using back EMF measurements |
| BE1029357B1 (de) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-12-05 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erkennen einer Abnutzung einer elektromechanischen Einrichtung |
| US12347636B2 (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2025-07-01 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting welded contacts in a switch system |
| US12128774B2 (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-10-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electrified vehicle high voltage contactor control |
| KR20260047265A (ko) * | 2023-08-09 | 2026-04-07 | 센사타 테크놀로지스, 인크 | 동적 에어 갭 메커니즘을 구비한 고장 차단 접촉기 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-12 BE BE20225719A patent/BE1030869B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2023
- 2023-09-04 US US19/110,150 patent/US12424403B2/en active Active
- 2023-09-04 EP EP23761956.4A patent/EP4588083B1/de active Active
- 2023-09-04 CN CN202380064302.2A patent/CN119836672B/zh active Active
- 2023-09-04 WO PCT/EP2023/074113 patent/WO2024056418A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024056418A1 (de) | 2024-03-21 |
| US20250259812A1 (en) | 2025-08-14 |
| BE1030869B1 (de) | 2024-04-09 |
| BE1030869A1 (de) | 2024-04-04 |
| CN119836672B (zh) | 2025-11-11 |
| CN119836672A (zh) | 2025-04-15 |
| US12424403B2 (en) | 2025-09-23 |
| EP4588083B1 (de) | 2025-12-17 |
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