EP4532082A2 - Vorrichtung zum trocknen eines gasstroms - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum trocknen eines gasstromsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4532082A2 EP4532082A2 EP23729029.1A EP23729029A EP4532082A2 EP 4532082 A2 EP4532082 A2 EP 4532082A2 EP 23729029 A EP23729029 A EP 23729029A EP 4532082 A2 EP4532082 A2 EP 4532082A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- gas guide
- cooling
- guide channel
- cooling section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
Definitions
- the present invention initially relates to a drying device for drying a gas stream according to the preamble of patent claim 1, as well as according to the preamble of patent claim 2. Furthermore, the invention also relates to an energy system, in particular a domestic energy system, according to the preamble of patent claim 16, as well as a method for production a drying device according to the preamble of claim 15.
- drying takes place in such a way that the initially moist gas stream is cooled in a gas cooler.
- the cooling increases the relative humidity in the gas to such an extent that the excess moisture in the gas condenses.
- the condensed liquid is separated from the gas stream and drained out of the gas cooler via a condensate drain.
- Such a gas cooler is described, for example, in DE 196 22 530 A1.
- the gas is cooled in a cooling block.
- This cooling block is cooled from the outside with a Peltier element.
- the gas to be dried is introduced via a gas supply pipe into a recess located in the cooling block, the recess forming an annular space.
- the Peltier element's cold side is in flat contact with the recess in the cooling block. In this way, the gas stream in the recess is cooled.
- the liquid that condenses out of the moist gas leaves the recess in the cooling block via a condensate drain.
- the dried gas stream leaves the gas cooler via a gas discharge pipe.
- the area available for active cooling of the gas flow in this known solution is very limited, which reduces the cooling performance and efficiency of the gas cooler.
- An increase in cooling performance and efficiency is only possible if the gas cooler is correspondingly larger is dimensioned, but this also entails more material, more installation space, higher manufacturing costs and a higher thermal mass.
- CN 215428142 U discloses a gas cooler which has a gas guide channel in a cooling section that lies between a gas inlet and a gas outlet.
- This gas guide channel has a folded, curved course.
- This cooling section is cooled via a cooling element. Condensate formed during drying is drained off via a condensate drain.
- the gas guide channel largely has a course that is perpendicular to the cooling element, so that only a very small portion of the gas guide channel is guided past the gas guide channel. However, this reduces the efficiency of the gas cooler.
- This gas cooler is constructed according to the tube-in-tube principle. A first tube interacts with a gas inlet and a cooling device, while a second tube interacts with a gas outlet and the cooling device.
- the present invention is based on the object of developing a device of the type mentioned in such a way that the gas stream can be dried as effectively as possible, in particular with the lowest possible material requirement, a compact design, low manufacturing costs and with the most flexible dimensioning possible , is achieved.
- a so-called demister can preferably be used, which specifically forms hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic areas in a porous body, which each offer the gas and the condensate separate space for collecting and discharging.
- the formation of increasingly larger drops is supported by momentum exchange, wetting and film formation on particularly hydrophilic surfaces such as metallic walls or metallic porous bodies or metallic nets or felts. Hydrophobic areas are often formed by plastic nets, plastic sponges or other porous plastic bodies.
- these elements and materials can be mixed or cascaded in a targeted manner in a flow-through installation space.
- this also includes elements with which a wicking effect in the direction of a larger separated liquid volume can be achieved.
- the condensed liquid can therefore be separated more easily and efficiently from the gas stream and is ultimately collected, for example, in a collecting device, which in particular represents a type of separation vessel. From there, the liquid can be removed from the drying device via a condensate drain or condensate drain. Further preferred embodiments of this are described further below in the further course of the description.
- the drying device according to the invention is particularly suitable for continuous operation, but also for cyclical operation, as occurs, for example, in electrolysis, for example through operation during the day and standstill at night.
- the present invention is preferably located in the field of microtechnology.
- the first two aspects of the invention each relate to a drying device for drying a gas stream.
- these drying devices it is possible to achieve efficient cooling and thus efficient drying of the gas stream, with the optimized flow guidance and the significantly increased heat transfer making a compact design and material savings possible, which in turn leads to efficiency and cost optimization.
- a drying device is provided which combines the features of the first and second aspects of the invention in combination.
- a gas stream is dried using each drying device.
- the invention is fundamentally not limited to the drying of certain gas streams or types of gas.
- the drying device is used in connection with the drying of a hydrogen gas stream.
- Hydrogen is considered one of the hopes for climate-friendly energy production.
- the liquid that condenses out during cooling, i.e. the condensate, is in particular water.
- the drying devices initially have a gas guide device.
- the gas guide device which can be designed in different ways, includes all components and elements that are required for the transport and drying of the gas stream and optionally for the removal of liquid that has condensed out of the gas stream.
- the gas guide device initially has a gas guide channel through which the gas stream to be dried is passed.
- a channel is in particular a guided, in this case also closed, path, similar to a pipe, or a pipe.
- the gas guide channel interacts with a gas inlet. This gas inlet is provided in order to introduce the gas stream to be dried into the gas guide device, in particular into the gas guide channel.
- the moist gas stream enters the gas guide device, and in particular into the gas guide channel, via the gas inlet.
- the gas inlet can be connected directly to the gas guide channel or represent the end region of the gas guide channel.
- additional components can also be provided between the gas inlet and the gas guide channel.
- a gas outlet is provided, which is provided in order to remove the dried gas stream from the gas guide device.
- the initially moist gas stream flowing through the gas guide channel is dried as it flows through the gas guide channel, i.e. the absolute humidity of the gas stream decreases, and is discharged from the drying device as a dried gas stream at the end of the drying process via the gas outlet. It can be advantageous to provide further components between the end of the gas guide channel and the gas outlet, some of which will be explained in more detail below using a few examples.
- the actual cooling of the gas stream which also leads to drying of the gas stream in the manner described above, is carried out by means of a cooling device.
- the invention is not limited to certain types of cooling devices. Some preferred, but not exclusive, exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail in the further course of the description.
- the cooling device is provided for actively cooling the gas stream. With active cooling, the heat energy stored in the gas stream to be cooled is transported away with the help of a specially designed component.
- the cooling device in particular provides a cold, flat or curved surface that is specifically set to a temperature.
- the temperature to be set can also be set depending on the operating status or the heat output to be dissipated.
- Other structural designs can also allow heat to be dissipated over a non-flat surface, for example Implement holes or channels through which a cooling medium is pumped or the cooling section of the gas guide channel is immersed in a cold thermostatized liquid, which can absorb the heat output to be released.
- the cooling device is in heat exchange connection with at least a section of the gas guide channel, which is referred to below as the cooling section of the gas guide channel.
- the cooling device and the cooling section cooperate in such a way, for example are aligned with one another or are arranged in such a way in relation to one another in the gas guide device, that in the area of the cooling section a heat exchange occurs between the cooling device and the gas stream flowing through the cooling section of the gas guide channel, through which the heat is removed from the gas stream.
- the gas guide channel at least its cooling section, is guided along the cooling device. This means that the gas guide channel runs past the cooling device over a certain path, for example parallel to the cooling device. “Run along” also means in particular that the gas guide channel runs past the cooling device at a constant distance.
- both the cooling section and at least the contact surface of the cooling device are plate-shaped, with the plates lying on top of or against one another.
- the gas guide channel is formed in the plate-shaped cooling section, which then lies in a plane that is parallel to the plane of the cooling device.
- the drying devices also have a condensate discharge, which is provided in order to remove liquid that has condensed out of the gas stream during or after cooling.
- the liquid that condenses out during the drying process is, for example, water, which can be reused and made available to other processes.
- the water is created, for example, during an electrolysis process.
- the condensate drainage can be connected to suitable lines or line elements via which the condensed liquid can be transported to other locations.
- a drying device for drying a gas stream is provided, which has the features of independent claim 1.
- this drying device is characterized according to the invention in that the gas guide channel in the cooling section is preferably guided along the cooling device over more than 50% of its length, and that the gas guide channel in its cooling section has a device for increasing the linear speed of the gas flow in comparison to the linear speed of the gas stream before entering the cooling section, in particular at the gas inlet, or is designed as such a device for increasing the linear velocity of the gas stream.
- the gas guide channel in the cooling section can be guided past the cooling device over more than 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% up to 100% of its length.
- the entire gas guide channel is guided along the cooling device in its cooling section.
- the linear speed is, in particular, the speed of the gas flow in a straight, i.e. linear, direction through the gas guide channel.
- liquid condensed from the gas stream and aerosols in the gas stream can be brought together to form larger drops .
- the gas guide channel preferably has a gap width of less than 1 mm. This will be explained in more detail in the course of the description below.
- the laminar flow in the gas guide channel with a very narrow gap also leads to very good cooling overall.
- exactly one flow path in the form of the gas guide channel is provided in the cooling section. This results in increased heat transfer surfaces, which lead to particularly efficient cooling. This creates a significant increase in heat transfer in both turbulent and laminar flow.
- the component that creates the gas guide channel can be made much more compact. Increasing the linear speed can be achieved in different ways. Some preferred, but not exclusive, exemplary embodiments for a corresponding device are explained in more detail in the further course of the description.
- channel geometries can be created in this way.
- channel geometries with very small gap widths of preferably 0.1 to 1 mm and/or channel widths preferably between 0.1 and 2 mm. This leads to laminar flow conditions with very high heat transfer coefficients.
- Such a configuration is particularly suitable for producing a soldered gas guide device or drying device.
- a particularly suitable method for producing a drying device is explained further below in connection with the fourth aspect of the invention.
- a single plate-shaped gas guide device and a single cooling device are required.
- two or more cooling devices can also be provided.
- the cooling device(s) can then be connected to the plate-shaped gas guide device from one or both sides, so that cooling can take place from one side or from both sides.
- a cooling device can then be provided on one or both outer surfaces of the stack. It is also conceivable to provide further cooling devices within the stack.
- a drying device for drying a gas stream which has the features of independent claim 2.
- this drying device is characterized according to the invention in that the gas guide device is designed as a tube-in-tube device.
- the gas guide device has at least two tubes that are arranged concentrically one inside the other. In this case, one pipe is flowed through by the moist, cooling gas stream which releases heat in the direction of flow, while the other pipe is flowed through in countercurrent by the dried gas stream which absorbs heat in the direction of flow.
- the gas guide device has a first tube, which is designed as the gas guide channel or which represents a component of the gas guide channel, and which is connected to the gas inlet and the cooling section of the gas guide channel.
- the cooling section is in turn that section of the gas guide channel that is in heat exchange connection with the cooling device.
- the gas guide device has a second tube, which connects to the cooling section of the gas guide channel with a first end and is connected to the gas outlet with a second end.
- the first end can be connected directly to the cooling section.
- further components of the drying device can be provided or interposed between the first end and the cooling section.
- the two tubes can be arranged differently inside each other.
- the second tube is guided within the first tube.
- the second tube is guided outside the first tube.
- the two tubes are arranged one inside the other in such a way that the moist gas stream to be dried is guided past the dried gas stream in countercurrent.
- the dry, cold gas stream can be used in the countercurrent principle inside or outside the gas guide channel to cool the incoming, moist gas and thus increase the efficiency of the drying device, which represents a gas cooler. This means lower energy requirements for active cooling.
- the cooling by passing the dry gas stream past the moist gas stream represents so-called passive cooling. This means that the heat can be transported away without any additional components specifically designed for this purpose.
- a, in particular passive, pre-cooling section is formed in front of the cooling section of the gas guide channel, which is formed by the first tube and the second tube and which has little or no thermal coupling with the cooling device. That area of the gas guide device which has the cooling device, which is in heat exchange connection with the cooling section of the gas guide channel, then represents the main cooler, while the pre-cooling section represents a pre-cooler.
- the dry, cold gas stream which flows through the second pipe towards the gas outlet, can be used in the countercurrent principle inside or outside the first pipe, which represents the gas guide channel and transports the moist gas stream from the gas inlet towards the main cooler, to the inflowing, moist gas to cool down and thus increase the efficiency of the gas cooling.
- the precooler area can be shortened by increasing the heat transfer coefficients, for example by reducing the gap between the concentric tubes.
- a gas guidance element in particular a spiral-shaped gas guidance element, is preferably arranged or formed in the first pipe, in particular in the pre-cooling section.
- This can be, for example, a spring element, for example a metal spring element, a 3D printing element, or the like.
- the gas guide element can serve to increase the linear speed of the gas flow, for a given cross section of the annular gap between the two concentric tubes, and at the same time to prevent condensing or even freezing liquid from blocking part of the cross section through which it flows.
- the invention is not limited to the two examples mentioned.
- a gas guide element can also be realized by channels introduced onto the outside of the inner tube, for example by turning, engraving, lasering, rolling and the like, preferably with a very close fit between the outer and inner tubes.
- the gas guide channel has in its cooling section a device for increasing the linear velocity of the gas flow in comparison to the linear velocity of the gas flow at the gas inlet, or it is designed as a device for increasing the linear velocity of the gas flow.
- the drying device is a combination of the two drying devices according to the first and second aspect of the invention.
- the main cooler is designed as in a drying device according to the first aspect of the invention, and that a precooler is further provided according to the tube-in-tube principle, as is implemented in the drying device according to the second aspect of the invention.
- the drying device according to the second aspect of the invention additionally has a further main cooler according to the first aspect of the invention, and in this respect then two main coolers.
- the gas guide channel is preferably designed to be free of dead space, at least in its cooling section. This means in particular that the gas guide channel does not have any areas that are not involved in guiding the gas flow.
- the gas guide channel at least in its cooling section, has a gap width of 0.1mm to 1mm and/or a channel width of 0.1mm to 2mm.
- the very narrow flow channels up to the p-technique (0.1 - 0.3 mm gap width), enable, especially with the unique properties of hydrogen: a) exceptionally small pressure losses for a given volume flow due to very low density and viscosity and b) a very high specific thermal conductivity, which means extremely good heat transfer coefficients and therefore an extremely small design. In addition, a large amount of pressure loss, for example up to 1 bar, can be tolerated.
- the configurations mentioned can be implemented both in the drying device according to the first aspect of the invention and in the drying device according to the second aspect of the invention.
- the active cooling can take place using Peltier elements, so that the cooling device has at least one Peltier element.
- Peltier elements are known and familiar to those skilled in the art.
- a Peltier element is a thermoelectric energy converter that can convert a heat flow into electricity or pump heat from one side to the other by applying a voltage.
- a Peltier element basically has a cold side, a warm side and thermoelectric elements in between. The cold side then interacts with the cooling section of the gas guide channel, with the cooling section of the gas guide channel being guided past the cold side of the Peltier element.
- the cooling device can have at least one compressor cooler. This type of cooling element is preferably, but not necessarily, used in a drying device according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the cooling device has a clamp or sleeve made of a heat-dissipating material, for example aluminum, which is placed in particular around the area to be cooled becomes.
- a heat-dissipating material for example aluminum
- the drying device has more than one cooling device.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments mentioned for the cooling device.
- the cooling device can also be implemented in the form of liquid cooling.
- the entire gas guide device, at least that area with the gas guide channel, in particular at least the cooling section of the gas guide channel, or a part thereof, could be immersed in a cooling liquid.
- the advantage of a single flow channel in a two-phase flow is, in particular, the positive guidance and/or the avoidance of dead areas described above that block parts of the heat exchange surface.
- This channel section preferably has the greatest possible length, as will be explained in more detail below using preferred exemplary embodiments.
- the channel section can, for example, have a channel depth preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm and thus generate very good heat transfer in the present laminar flow.
- the gas guide channel in the cooling section is divided into two or more channel sections that are independent of one another and each have a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the gas guide channel in front of the cooling section, for example at the gas inlet.
- the gas guide channel in the cooling section is divided into two or more channel sections that are independent of one another and each have a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the gas guide channel in front of the cooling section, for example at the gas inlet.
- the cross-sectional area of the at least one channel section preferably has a size that is between 5% and 60% of the cross-sectional area of the gas guide channel in front of the cooling section, for example at the gas inlet.
- the gas guide device preferably has a collecting device for collecting liquid condensed out of the gas stream. This can be located, for example, at the end of the cooling section of the gas guide channel connect, or be designed as the end of the cooling section of the gas guide channel.
- the collecting device is preferably connected to the condensate discharge so that the condensed liquid can be removed from the drying device.
- At least one further component can be provided between the end of the cooling section of the gas guide channel and the gas outlet.
- At least one at least partially hydrophilic zone and/or at least one at least partially hydrophobic zone can be formed between the end of the cooling section of the gas guide channel and the gas outlet, or there is at least one at least partial zone between the end of the cooling section of the gas guide channel and the gas outlet hydrophilic insert and / or at least one at least partially hydrophobic insert is arranged.
- a demister and/or a drainage element can be arranged here.
- a demister also called a droplet separator or aerosol separator, is a device for separating drops of liquid from flowing gaseous media.
- the demister can, for example, consist of a porous, hydrophilic, hydrophobic or optimized partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic material, of a fine-pored foam, of a sintered metal, or the like.
- targeted flow paths for the escaping gas and collection points and drainage paths or drainage elements for the condensate can also be created. It is important that the demister is not flooded too quickly with liquid or aerosols so that they can drip out of the demister, for example into a drainage element.
- deposition via demister with removal via wicking is provided.
- the demister is designed as a hydrophobic demister.
- the demister is partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic with controlled porosities.
- the hydrophobic part can have large pore diameters while the hydrophilic part has small pore diameters.
- the drainage element can be designed, for example, as a wire mesh, as a wire mesh or in the form of another type of liquid separator.
- aerosols contained in the gas stream can be removed via a subsequent demister and from there fed to the separated liquid volume via a drainage element acting as a condensate bridge with a continuous water film, for example a wire mesh, via gravity and/or capillary action/wicking.
- a drainage element acting as a condensate bridge with a continuous water film for example a wire mesh
- a temperature sensor element can preferably be arranged at the gas outlet and/or at the end of the cooling section of the gas guide channel and/or behind a demister.
- the liquid mass flow for example the water mass flow
- the liquid for example liquid water
- the remaining amount of gaseous moisture can be determined via the dew point and the gas mass flow. Since dew point and mass flow sensors are very cost-intensive, existing parameters are used to feed the loading model:
- the amount of gas can, for example, be determined from the electrolyzer membrane area and current.
- the dew point can be determined using an inexpensive temperature sensor, which is preferably located at the outlet of the gas cooler, since the relative humidity of the gas there is always 100% and this does not have to be measured separately.
- the drying device has a monitoring device for monitoring the functionality of the drying device, or cooperates with such a monitoring device.
- the monitoring device is provided in such a way that it is able to monitor the functionality and thus the effectiveness of the drying device.
- this monitoring is carried out on the basis of the amount of condensate removed from the drying device, for example the amount of water. This can be done, for example, directly or indirectly, for example via pressure measurement on a valve device downstream of the drying device or the condensate discharge.
- a second cooling stage can be arranged or formed in the gas guide device in the flow direction after the cooling section of the gas guide channel and in front of the gas outlet. For example, a multi-stage variant with a cryogenic second stage is conceivable, which cools the gas significantly further by freezing the remaining liquid.
- the drying device is preferably provided for continuous operation and is also suitable for a “freezing/thawing” batch operation.
- an energy system in particular a building energy system or house energy system, is provided which has the features of independent patent claim 14.
- the energy system has an electrolysis device, a fuel cell device, a high-pressure storage device and a connecting line device, via which, in a preferred embodiment, the electrolysis device is connected to the high-pressure storage device and the high-pressure storage device to the fuel cell device.
- at least one drying device according to the first aspect of the invention and/or according to the second aspect of the invention is arranged in the energy system.
- the drying device can be used as a variant between two stages of a pressure-boosting compressor in order to increase the degree of separation drying.
- the drying device according to the invention can be used at different points in the energy system.
- the energy system is, in particular, a whole consisting of several components, with the components being connected to one another to form a dedicated unit.
- the energy system is a system for generating or providing energy, preferably electrical energy.
- the invention is not limited to certain types of energy systems. Various preferred exemplary embodiments are described below in this regard.
- the energy system is a building energy system or a house energy system.
- Such energy systems are basically known from the prior art and are used to supply houses, for example low-energy houses, passive houses or zero-energy houses, with energy in the form of heat and in particular in the form of electricity, for example electricity from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PV). Generators or small wind turbines.
- renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PV). Generators or small wind turbines.
- PV photovoltaics
- Such a home energy system creates the basis for the energy requirements of a house, especially a low-energy house, a passive house or a zero-energy house, to be covered entirely from renewable energy sources in terms of both electricity and heat requirements, thus ensuring complete CO2-free operation.
- at least the electricity needs of a house can be covered almost entirely from renewable energy sources, in particular by means of a PV generator and/or a small wind turbine, in the sense of increasing self-consumption.
- a home energy system of the type mentioned has the following basic features: a DC feed point, preferably designed for a nominal voltage of 48 volts or for a nominal voltage between 200 and 1000 volts and / or an AC feed point, preferably designed for a voltage of 230 volts or 110 volts or a 3-phase feed with 230 volts or 110 volts per phase, with the DC feed point and / or the AC feed point at least temporarily during operation is connected to an electrical consumer that has a consumption power, a PV generator electrically connected to the DC feed point at least temporarily for generating an electrical PV power, one electrically connected to the DC feed point or to the AC feed point at least temporarily connected fuel cell unit for generating an electrical fuel cell power, an electrolysis unit electrically connected to the DC feed point for generating hydrogen to be consumed by the fuel cell unit, the electrolysis unit being fed with an electrical electrolysis input power during operation, a hydrogen tank, in particular as a long-term energy storage , which is at least temporarily fluidly connected to the fuel
- a method for producing a drying device for drying a gas stream, in particular for drying a hydrogen gas stream, in particular a drying device according to the first aspect of the invention is provided, wherein the drying device has a gas guide device with a gas guide channel.
- the drying device has a gas guide device with a gas guide channel.
- the method is characterized in that the drying device, in particular the gas guide device, is produced by means of a thermal process for the cohesive joining of materials.
- the manufacturing process is a soldering process. Such methods are generally known to those skilled in the art. However, it is not trivial, and therefore was not obvious to those skilled in the art, to use these methods to produce drying devices according to the present invention.
- the gas guide device of the drying device is designed as a plate-shaped component in which the gas guide channel is formed. Furthermore, the gas guide device has a base plate.
- the method is characterized in that the plate-shaped component and the base plate are connected to one another using the thermal process for the cohesive joining of materials, in particular using a soldering process.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an energy system in which the drying device according to the invention is used
- Figures 2 to 4 show different views of a first exemplary embodiment of a drying device according to the invention according to the first aspect of the invention.
- Figure 5 shows a view of a second exemplary embodiment of a drying device according to the invention according to the second aspect of the invention.
- a drying device for drying a gas stream can be used in different ways and in different systems.
- a possible system is, for example, an energy system.
- the invention is explained below using such an energy system.
- the basic structure of the energy system 10 is first described, the energy system 10 being used as a home energy system.
- the energy system 10 initially has a first subsystem 20, which is designed as an interior system. This means that the first subsystem 20 is located inside the house.
- the energy system 10 has a second subsystem 30 in the form of an external system. This means that the second subsystem 30 is located outside the house.
- the first subsystem 20 has a first energy source device, which is an electrolysis device 21 for producing hydrogen.
- the first subsystem 20 has a fuel cell device 22.
- the second subsystem 30 has a high-pressure storage device 31.
- the hydrogen produced is stored in the high-pressure storage device at up to 700 bar.
- the second subsystem 30 has a medium-pressure storage device 32 in which the hydrogen produced is temporarily stored at pressures between 20 and 30 bar before it is finally stored from there in the high-pressure storage device.
- the individual components of the energy system 10 are connected to one another via a connecting line device 40, which consists of a number of different line sections 40a to 40k. At least one line section 40a is designed as a so-called bidirectional line section. This means that the line section 40a is flowed through in both directions during operation of the energy system 10.
- a flushing device 23 is provided with a flushing chamber, which is connected to the two aforementioned components via a line section 40g.
- the hydrogen produced in the electrolysis device 21 by means of electrolysis leaves the electrolysis device 21 via a line section 40f, which merges into the line section 40e.
- a check valve device 24 in the flow direction of the hydrogen produced and subsequently a filter device 25 and a drying device 50, in which the hydrogen produced is filtered and dried.
- the filter device 25 and the drying device 50 can alternatively also be located in the second subsystem 30.
- the hydrogen produced flows from the drying device 50 via the line sections 40a and 40c to a further check valve device 35, which marks one end of the line section 40c.
- the hydrogen generated flows via a line section 40h and 40i into the medium-pressure accumulator 32, which is connected to a further line section 40j via a valve device 33, which is designed in particular as a check valve, for example in the form of a solenoid valve.
- a valve device 33 which is designed in particular as a check valve, for example in the form of a solenoid valve.
- the ends in the high-pressure storage device 31 there is a compressor device 34 in front of the high-pressure storage device 31, in particular in the form of a piston compressor.
- the hydrogen produced is stored in the high-pressure storage device 31 via the compressor device 34.
- the hydrogen temporarily stored in the medium-pressure storage device 32 is stored in the high-pressure storage device 31 by actuating the compressor device 34.
- This production process of the hydrogen up to its storage in the high-pressure storage device 31 represents a first mode of operation of the energy system 10.
- this first mode of operation of the energy system 10 there is a pressure of 20 to 60 bar in the line sections 40a to 40e of the connecting line device 40.
- Such a pressure also exists in the medium-pressure storage device 32.
- the hydrogen removed from the medium-pressure storage device 32, which is an intermediate storage device, is compressed via the compressor device 34 to such an extent that it is stored in the high-pressure storage device 31 at pressures of up to 700 bar can be.
- the hydrogen stored in the high-pressure storage device 31 is used to operate the fuel cell device 22.
- the operation of the fuel cell device 22 takes place in the second operating mode of the energy system 10.
- the fuel cell device 22 can only work at pressures of less than 20 bar.
- the hydrogen is removed from the high-pressure storage device 31 via a line section 40k, expanded to the required pressure via an expansion device 36 in the form of a pressure reducer and transported via a line section 40d into the bidirectional line section 40a, from where it is transferred the line section 40b enters the fuel cell device 22.
- At least one pressure measuring device 41 for example in the form of a pressure sensor, is provided.
- the energy system 10 shown in Figure 1 represents a portion of an overall home energy system, which is an electrically self-sufficient multi-hybrid home energy storage system based entirely on renewable energies.
- the multi-hybrid home energy storage system makes it possible to distribute the electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic (PV) system, a small wind turbine or the like over the entire year based on demand.
- PV photovoltaic
- the system acts as an island system independent of the electrical network. Rather, the system is intended to ensure the electrical self-sufficiency of the house, so that no electrical energy has to be drawn from the power grid throughout the year.
- the primary task of the home energy system is to make the electrical energy obtained from photovoltaic (PV) modules or the like available to the consumer in the household. Secondarily, excess electrical energy can be temporarily stored in a short-term battery storage system during times of low load or high irradiation. Tertiary, in long-term hydrogen storage, the electrical energy can be stored as gaseous hydrogen for periods of low irradiation such as night, winter or the like in the medium to long term and made available again at any time as needed using fuel cells.
- PV photovoltaic
- the system In addition to energy-related tasks, the system also functions as controlled living space ventilation using a built-in ventilation device.
- the hydrogen produced in the electrolysis device flows via the hydrogen line into the pressure storage system installed outside.
- the fuel system can cover the additional electrical energy requirements.
- the hydrogen flows via the hydrogen line from the pressure storage system to the fuel cell device.
- the entire system is operated centrally via an Energy Manager with predictive energy management.
- the second subsystem is in principle intended for operation outdoors, but under certain conditions can also be installed and operated within a specific area of the house.
- the drying device 50 shown in FIG. 1 can, for example, be a drying device according to the invention.
- This drying device 50 according to the invention is described in more detail below using two exemplary embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.
- Figures 2 to 4 show a first exemplary embodiment of a drying device according to the invention, while in Figure 5 a second exemplary embodiment of a drying device 50 according to the invention is shown.
- drying device 50 by means of which an initially moist gas stream, here a hydrogen gas stream, is dried by, in particular active, cooling, and that moisture that condenses out during cooling, here water, is then dried via an integrated Water separation is removed from the drying device 50.
- an initially moist gas stream here a hydrogen gas stream
- the drying device 50 has a gas guide device 51, which is designed as a plate-shaped component 51a.
- the individual components of the gas guide device 51 are arranged or formed within a base plate 51c. For example, these can be milled, etched or similar into the base plate material. Since the drying device 50 is preferably soldered, the base plate 51c has a solder catcher 52 at various points.
- the gas guide device 51 has a gas guide channel 53 through which the moist gas stream to be dried is conducted.
- the gas guide channel 53 cooperates with a gas inlet 54, via which the moist gas stream to be dried is introduced into the gas guide device 51, in particular into the gas guide channel 53.
- the actual cooling of the gas stream takes place by means of a cooling device 56, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is designed as a Peltier element 56a and which has electrical lines 57.
- the cooling device 56, 56a is in heat exchange connection with a cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 53.
- the gas guide channel 53, at least its cooling section 58 is guided along the cooling device 56, 56a over its entire length, that is to say 100%.
- the drying device 50 also has a condensate discharge 59, via which liquid that condenses out of the gas stream during cooling, here water, is removed.
- the gas guide channel 53 has a device 60 in its cooling section 58 for increasing the linear speed of the gas flow compared to the linear speed of the gas flow before entering the cooling section 58, in particular at the gas inlet 54.
- the gas guide channel 53 in the cooling section 58 preferably has a channel section which has a meandering shape . This means that areas in the form of straight channel sections 61 and, in particular rounded, curves 62 alternate in close succession in turns. A very long channel section with a small cross-sectional area is created. This allows liquid and aerosols condensed from the gas stream to be combined into larger drops in the gas stream.
- the gas guide device 51 has a collecting device 63 for collecting liquid condensed out of the gas stream. This adjoins the end of the cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 53.
- a demister 64 and a drainage element 65 are also provided between the end of the cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 58 and the gas outlet 55.
- Aerosols still contained can be removed via the demister 64 and from there fed to the separated liquid volume in the collecting device 63 via the drainage element 65, which acts as a condensate bridge, for example a wire mesh. From there, the liquid can be removed from the gas guide device 51 of the drying device 50 via the condensate drain 59.
- FIG. 50 Another embodiment of a drying device 50 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- the drying device 50 has identical components compared to the first exemplary embodiment, which are provided with identical reference numbers and with regard to which reference is also made to the statements on the first exemplary embodiment.
- the drying device 50 has a gas guide device 51, which is designed as a tube-in-tube device 51b.
- the gas guide device has two tubes 66, 68 which are arranged one inside the other.
- the gas guide device 51, 51b has a first tube 66, which is designed as the gas guide channel 53 and which is connected to the gas inlet 54 and the cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 53.
- the first tube represents an outer tube.
- the cooling section 58 is in turn that section of the gas guide channel 53 which is in heat exchange connection with the cooling device 56.
- the cooling device 56 has a bracket or sleeve 56b made of a heat-dissipating material, for example aluminum, which is placed around the tube 66 which carries the gas stream to be cooled and dried. In this way, the gas stream flowing through the tube 66 is guided past the cooling device 56, 56b and is thereby actively cooled.
- the gas guide device 51, 51b has a second tube 68, which represents an inner tube compared to the first tube 66, since it is guided in the first tube 66.
- the second tube 68 adjoins the cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 53 with a first end 68a and is connected to the gas outlet 55 with a second end 68b.
- This Component is optional and primarily serves to realize the desired length of the gas guide device 51, 51b.
- the two tubes are arranged one inside the other in such a way that the moist gas stream 80 to be dried, which enters via the gas inlet 54 into the first tube 66, which functions as a gas guide channel 53 and which represents the outer tube, and is transported in the direction of the cooling device 56, 56b becomes.
- the direction of flow of the moist gas stream to be dried is provided with the reference number 81.
- the dried gas stream 82 is guided past the moist gas stream 80 to be dried through the inner second tube 68.
- the direction of flow of the dry gas stream 82 is provided with the reference number 83. In this way, the moist gas stream 80 to be dried is already cooled by the dry, cold gas stream 82 before it reaches the cooling device 56, 56b. This increases the efficiency of the drying device 50.
- a passive pre-cooling section 69 is formed , which is formed by the first tube 66 and the second tube 68.
- the dry, cold gas stream 82 which flows through the second pipe 68 in the direction 83 of the gas outlet 55, is used in the countercurrent principle within the first pipe 66, which represents the gas guide channel 53 and transports the moist gas stream 80 from the gas inlet 54 in the direction 81 of the main cooler in order to cool the incoming, moist gas 80 in advance and thus increase the efficiency of the gas cooling.
- a gas guidance element 71 in particular a spiral-shaped gas guidance element, is arranged or formed in the first tube 66, in particular in the pre-cooling section 69
- the gas which flows through the first pipe 66 in the flow direction 81 in the direction of the main cooling section 70, flows through the cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 53 past the cooling device 56, 56b and is cooled in the process.
- drying occurs because the moisture contained in the gas stream condenses.
- the now dry gas stream is diverted into the second pipe 68 via deflection elements 72 and introduced into it, and flows through the second pipe 68 in the direction of the gas outlet 55.
- the liquid that condenses out during the drying process in the main cooling section 70 is collected in a collecting device 63, which is located below the cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 53.
- the collecting device 63 is connected to a condensate drain 59 so that the condensed liquid 84 can be removed from the drying device 50.
- a demister 64 and a drainage element 65 are arranged between the end of the cooling section 58 of the gas guide channel 53 and the gas outlet 55, here in front of the first end 68a of the second tube 68. This means that aerosols contained in the gas stream can be removed via the demister 64 and from there fed to the separated liquid volume in the collecting device 63 via the drainage element 65, for example a wire mesh.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022113558.6A DE102022113558A1 (de) | 2022-05-30 | 2022-05-30 | Vorrichtung zum Trocknen eines Gasstroms |
| PCT/EP2023/063585 WO2023232522A2 (de) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-22 | Vorrichtung zum trocknen eines gasstroms |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4532082A2 true EP4532082A2 (de) | 2025-04-09 |
Family
ID=86710773
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23729029.1A Withdrawn EP4532082A2 (de) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-05-22 | Vorrichtung zum trocknen eines gasstroms |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4532082A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022113558A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023232522A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4231256A (en) | 1979-02-05 | 1980-11-04 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Thermoelectric gas dryer |
| US4400948A (en) | 1981-12-28 | 1983-08-30 | Moorehead Jack F | Air dryer |
| JPS58170501A (ja) | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 蒸気除去装置 |
| FR2541370A3 (fr) * | 1982-06-08 | 1984-08-24 | Pohanka Nicolas | Distillateur de l'eau de l'air atmospherique dans les deserts |
| DE3528268A1 (de) * | 1985-08-07 | 1987-02-19 | M & C Prod Analysentech Gmbh | Aufbereitungseinrichtung fuer probengase |
| DE3907259A1 (de) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-09-13 | M & C Products | Vorrichtung zum trocknen von gasen |
| JPH04271810A (ja) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-28 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | 除湿装置 |
| DE4229177C1 (de) | 1992-09-02 | 1994-04-21 | Testoterm Mestechnik Gmbh & Co | Gaskühler |
| DE19622530A1 (de) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-11 | Testo Gmbh & Co | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln insbesondere des Feuchtegehalts eines Meßgasstroms |
| DE19653613A1 (de) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-06-25 | Epc Engineering Und Projektman | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfernen kondensierbarer, solidisierbarer Bestandteile warmer Abgasströme |
| FR2760977A1 (fr) * | 1997-03-24 | 1998-09-25 | Realisation D Equipements Pour | Dispositif deshydrateur ou deshuileur avec refroidisseur thermoelectrique |
| JP3607138B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-13 | 2005-01-05 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | ガス分析用除湿器 |
| JP2003194680A (ja) * | 2002-10-07 | 2003-07-09 | Horiba Ltd | ガス分析用除湿器 |
| DE102010038331A1 (de) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-01-26 | Maha Maschinenbau Haldenwang Gmbh & Co. Kg | Messgerät zur Abgasmessung |
| US9853303B2 (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2017-12-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Centrifugal water separator for a fuel cell system |
| CN108351279A (zh) * | 2015-09-24 | 2018-07-31 | 建国大学校产学协力团 | 通过将水相变为霜相以除去含水气态物质的水的设备和方法 |
| ES2890329T3 (es) | 2015-11-25 | 2022-01-18 | Hps Home Power Solutions Gmbh | Instalación doméstica de energía y método de operación para operar una instalación doméstica de energía |
| ES3002182T3 (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2025-03-06 | Hps Home Power Solutions Ag | Domestic power plant and method for operating a domestic power plant |
| CN109595952A (zh) | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-09 | 佛山市天地元净化设备有限公司 | 一种压缩空气冷冻式干燥机换热的结构 |
| DE102018133198A1 (de) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Hps Home Power Solutions Gmbh | Energiesystem und Verfahren zur Druckanpassung in einem Energiesystem |
| CN215428142U (zh) | 2021-05-14 | 2022-01-07 | 华能渑池热电有限责任公司 | 一种气体干燥装置 |
-
2022
- 2022-05-30 DE DE102022113558.6A patent/DE102022113558A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-05-22 WO PCT/EP2023/063585 patent/WO2023232522A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-22 EP EP23729029.1A patent/EP4532082A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023232522A2 (de) | 2023-12-07 |
| DE102022113558A1 (de) | 2023-11-30 |
| WO2023232522A3 (de) | 2024-03-14 |
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