EP4526484A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur detektion einer wasserleckage in einem metallurgischen schmelzofen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur detektion einer wasserleckage in einem metallurgischen schmelzofenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4526484A1 EP4526484A1 EP23726851.1A EP23726851A EP4526484A1 EP 4526484 A1 EP4526484 A1 EP 4526484A1 EP 23726851 A EP23726851 A EP 23726851A EP 4526484 A1 EP4526484 A1 EP 4526484A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- exhaust gas
- water
- correlation
- cooling water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
- C21B7/103—Detection of leakages of the cooling liquid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4646—Cooling arrangements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/202—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material using mass spectrometer detection systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/222—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for tubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/228—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators for radiators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/38—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/001—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
- F27D2009/0013—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
- F27D2021/0057—Security or safety devices, e.g. for protection against heat, noise, pollution or too much duress; Ergonomic aspects
- F27D2021/0085—Security or safety devices, e.g. for protection against heat, noise, pollution or too much duress; Ergonomic aspects against molten metal, e.g. leakage or splashes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting a water leak in a metallurgical melting furnace, which has a furnace vessel whose walls at least partially consist of water pipe walls through which cooling water flows, and to a device suitable for carrying out the method.
- a metallurgical melting furnace such as an electric arc furnace
- metals are melted and subsequently cast.
- This requires particularly high temperatures inside such a metallurgical melting furnace, so that the materials inside the furnace vessel have to withstand temperatures of up to 3500 °C.
- Such temperatures represent a particular challenge for the systems used.
- the individual components of a metallurgical melting furnace which come into contact with the liquid metal and the hot exhaust gases, are therefore made either of refractory material or of water-cooled components.
- Some parts of the metallurgical melting furnace, in particular the furnace vessel consist at least in sections of water pipe walls in which water pipes run through which cooling water flows during operation. This reduces the risk of damage or destruction to the walls of the furnace vessel by the molten metal and hot exhaust gases.
- Such a metallurgical melting furnace which has water tube walls, is described in EP 2 601 469 B1.
- the water tube walls are designed in the form of fluid-cooled panels or panels and are particularly suitable for applications in metallurgical furnaces, especially in electric arc furnaces for steel production.
- it is a common problem that the strong thermal loads acting on the water pipe walls, particularly due to the large temperature differences, lead to leaks in the water pipe walls. This results in water flowing into the metallurgical melting furnace.
- water is also created in the metallurgical melting furnace through combustion processes within the furnace vessel, for example through the combustion of added natural gas or hydrogen. Furthermore, on At the beginning of the melting cycle, water is introduced through the metallic components inserted into the furnace vessel. Another portion of water comes from vertically fixed graphite electrodes, where water runs down into the furnace vessel for cooling. The water present in the furnace vessel evaporates and is discharged via the exhaust devices. Even in the event of a leak, however, the majority of the water present in the exhaust comes from the aforementioned sources.
- the problem with the water that also penetrates into the furnace vessel via water leaks is that it enters indefinitely and locally in one place, so that the penetrating water can accumulate in certain places.
- the metallic components to be melted, such as scrap are generally irregular in structure and can have numerous pocket-shaped cavities in which the water at least partially remains and therefore does not completely evaporate.
- the water that accumulates in liquid form in certain places can grow over time to form a constantly growing water bubble. If, during the further course of the melting cycle of the metal scrap, progressive heating comes into contact with very hot, liquid metal and such a water bubble, there is a risk of explosive evaporation. This can result in serious damage to the metallurgical melting furnace or even its destruction.
- metal masses escaping from the metallurgical melting furnace and possibly splashing around pose a major danger to those working in the vicinity of the metallurgical melting furnace.
- DE 10 2009 051 931 A1 describes a method for early detection of leaks in a cooling device for cooling a technical system, in particular a continuous casting system.
- a controllable inlet-side valve and a controllable outlet-side valve are operated remotely and the deviations from expected pressures are determined.
- the pressure curve can also be examined for changes over time.
- due to the high process noise such considerations cannot be used as a reliable indicator, since the dispersive effect of the entire process, in particular the entry into the melting furnace, the evaporation in the process and also the discharge through the exhaust duct is too uncertain and depends on a number of factors.
- Process noise is the influence on process variables such as flow, pressure, temperature or water content caused by stochastic fluctuations and cross effects. It should be taken into account that the respective variables in complex process engineering processes can never be measured in isolation, as they are usually influenced by processes occurring elsewhere. For example, the water entry into the exhaust gas is fed by various sources that cannot be clearly determined in terms of time and location and are superimposed in the measured signal. Switching a burner on and off and the spontaneous evaporation of water in a batch of scrap regularly leads to a sudden increase or change in the water content in the exhaust gas.
- Balancing the cooling water circuits which examines the amount of water that enters and exits the water cooling system per unit of time, does not produce reliable results either.
- a water leak through which, for example, 3 m 3 of water per hour escapes into the furnace vessel is too small to be reliably detectable with a total flow of approximately 900 m 3 per hour.
- Water leaks can also occur in many other places outside of the oven.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a simple and cost-effective way to reliably detect water leaks in a metallurgical melting furnace despite high process noise.
- the task is solved in particular by a method for detecting a water leak in a metallurgical melting furnace.
- the method according to the invention runs by means of a metallurgical melting furnace, an exhaust gas measuring device for measuring at least one exhaust gas parameter, a pressure regulator and an evaluation device.
- the metallurgical melting furnace has a furnace vessel, the walls of which at least partially consist of water pipe walls through which cooling water flows, a lid and an exhaust gas outlet.
- the exhaust gas measuring device is arranged after the exhaust gas outlet in the exhaust gas flow direction and is connected to the evaluation device in terms of data technology. Depending on the exact arrangement of the exhaust gas measuring device, detected leaks are defined in different areas. According to an advantageous variant, the exhaust gas measuring device is arranged close behind the exhaust gas outlet, which can advantageously prevent further water sources from making a contribution. Another advantage of such an arrangement is that leaks that only occur after the furnace vessel, i.e. in the exhaust pipe, do not contribute. Since a leak has an increased risk potential, especially in the water pipe walls of the furnace vessel, it is advantageous if it is clear whether it is really a leak in the furnace vessel. A leak in the exhaust duct, however, is harmless in terms of its potential hazard.
- the evaluation device is also connected to the pressure regulator in terms of data technology.
- the pressure regulator can adjust and regulate the pressure of the cooling water in the water pipe walls.
- the method includes the following steps: a) applying a pressure fluctuation to the cooling water, a pressure fluctuation being a result of time-limited pressure deviations from an average pressure, by means of the pressure regulator; b) measuring the course of an exhaust gas parameter, i.e. determining the measured values over time, using the exhaust gas measuring device; c) Determination of the correlation of the course of the pressure fluctuation of the cooling water with the course of the exhaust gas parameter by the evaluation device. A correlation function is used for this; d) Output of the correlation by the evaluation device.
- the evaluation device preferably delivers an output signal, for example a warning signal.
- a pressure fluctuation refers to a sequence of time-limited pressure deviations from an average pressure. Several successive pressure deviations follow a certain predetermined pattern.
- a non-deterministic or a hybrid random number generator can be used.
- a coincidence of irregular changes in one of the exhaust gas parameters with other effects, as occurs more frequently with periodic pressure fluctuations, can thus be prevented or at least greatly reduced.
- a program can be used to generate a sequence of 1-second pulses with varying deviation values.
- the number of im- pulses, each having the same deviation value are determined by a randomly generated number between a minimum duration and a maximum duration, while the deviation value itself is determined by a randomly generated number between a minimum deviation value and a maximum deviation value. An additional change in the amplitude up to the maximum value is possible.
- the pressure fluctuation can be generated continuously, whereby leaks can advantageously be determined at any time.
- certain time periods of, for example, 1800 s are specified, which are then fed into a correlation.
- the patterns do not repeat themselves after this period of time, but rather a new pattern is generated, with which a further correlation is then carried out.
- a positive result can advantageously be verified or refuted in a two-stage process. This improves the reliability of the procedure.
- An exhaust gas parameter is a parameter of the exhaust gas, for example the proportion or amount of water contained in the exhaust gas or the pressure of the exhaust gas or the temperature of the exhaust gas.
- the characteristic pattern due to the pressurization can advantageously be read in different parameters or process variables. Different exhaust gas parameters can therefore advantageously be used for the correlation measurement and serve as a reliable indicator of the leak.
- a correlation is understood to mean a relationship between two signal sequences, here the course of the exhaust gas parameter and the pressure fluctuation over time. If a connection between the courses is recognizable and consequently there is a connection between the courses, this can be seen from the correlation. If you set certain values and limits depending on the selected evaluation method and correlation function, then a decision can be made based on the result of the correlation as to whether there is a leak. Since this is a statistical process, the limits can be chosen depending on the desired and necessary probability of correct or incorrect warning signals.
- An advantage of this method is that a signal can be determined even if there are other possibilities of water entering the furnace vessel. A small correlated fluctuation in the amount of water determined at the exhaust gas outlet due to a leak can be reliably detected even if the fluctuation in the amount of water due to other processes is very large.
- the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the evaporated part of the water, which flows out through the exhaust gas outlet, influences the signal of the exhaust gas measuring device.
- cooling water flows through at least two different sections within the water pipe walls, which are subjected to different pressure fluctuations according to step a) and a correlation according to step c) is carried out for each of the sections.
- the pressure fluctuations can be varied, for example, in frequency and/or in amplitude and/or in the deviation value.
- an auxiliary line is provided for each section, which is connected to this section.
- the different sections preferably form different cooling circuits.
- different pressure patterns can be impressed in each circuit. This can happen in the circuits either with a time delay, i.e. in chronological order, or at the same time. If the patterns are different, the circuit that has a leak will be replaced by the appropriate cor- detect relation.
- the correlation corresponds to the characteristic of the pressurization in one or more sections. This advantageously makes it possible to determine in which section or sections the leak is present.
- each section of a water pipe wall through which cooling water flows has a separate pressure regulator or a unit assigned to the section, which can apply a pressure fluctuation to the pressure within the respective section.
- valves are arranged within the water pipe walls between the sections. These enable different characteristics of pressurization even in connected sections or interconnected cooling circuits. Installing valves divides a cooling circuit into different sections or zones, which can then be checked separately for leaks.
- the exhaust gas parameter measured in step b) is the gas velocity and/or the water content and/or the amount of water and/or the pressure of the exhaust gas and/or the temperature of the exhaust gas and/or carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or methane (CH 4 ) or sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ).
- CO carbon monoxide
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- CH 4 methane
- SO 2 sulfur dioxide
- these exhaust gas parameters are influenced by leakage water and are therefore suitable as parameters for a correlation measurement.
- one of the exhaust gas parameters evaluated is the water content and/or the amount of water, since these have a particularly strong correlation to incoming water. This is particularly advantageous for the signal-to-noise ratio.
- a typical leak begins with approx. 1 - 2 liters of water per minute entering the furnace vessel.
- 1 l of water creates a volume of approx. 7 m 3 of water vapor under normal pressure.
- this results in a volume of approx. 420 m 3 of water vapor.
- a maximum volume flow of 314 m 3 water vapor per second is calculated.
- the actual volume flow is approx. 50% of the maximum value, i.e. approx. 157 m 3 water vapor per second or 565,000 m 3 water vapor per hour.
- the volume flow of water vapor introduced by a leak of 1 liter of water per minute is therefore only 0.075% of the total volume flow of water vapor. If the Bernoulli equation is valid, the flow of incompressible fluids changes proportionally to the square root of the pressure. Doubling the pressure leads to an increase in the amount of water leakage by a factor of approx. 1.4, which for the example calculation means an increase in the volume flow of water vapor to approx. 595 m 3 water vapor per second or 0.105% of the total volume flow of water vapor results.
- a further increased, i.e. improved, sensitivity of the method can be determined. It is not necessarily the change in the overall composition of the exhaust gases that needs to be measured, but only the relative change in the water.
- the scrap batch can also produce a significantly larger proportion of water in a short period of time, but this quickly disappears again during the melting cycle.
- water entry from such a batch of scrap is irrelevant for the correlation, since this water entry has no connection with the pressure fluctuation in the cooling water.
- the direct detection of the amount of water at the exhaust gas outlet improves the possibilities of leak detection compared to measuring the throughput of the entire amount of exhaust gas at the exhaust gas outlet due to the improved signal-to-noise ratio. This allows the required pressure fluctuation to be reduced, which minimizes the mechanical stress on the components.
- the cooling water is typically fed into the cooling water circuit at approx. 25 - 35 °C and therefore experiences a temperature increase of approx. 15 °C at a nominal throughput. Since an increase in pressure puts more stress on the components in the long term, but a decrease in pressure leads to an increase in the water outlet temperature, a small fluctuation around a suitable water pressure is desirable. Since with a fluctuation of only 10% of the pressure, a change in the water output of just under 5% can be expected, an optimized evaluation is necessary.
- the pressure fluctuation is irregular, so the pressure fluctuation applied in step a) follows a predetermined, irregular pattern.
- the cooling water is subjected to step a) with a predetermined, irregular sequence of pressure deviations.
- a non-periodic pressure fluctuation also repeats itself after a certain unit of time.
- the time unit after which such a pressure fluctuation is repeated is preferably longer than half an hour.
- the measuring cycles do not necessarily have to be particularly short in order to reduce the risk. It should be noted that an accident due to explosive evaporation processes within the furnace vessel does not necessarily occur with every melting cycle. A water leak can go undetected for a long time and grow larger, increasing the amount of water entering the furnace vessel. However, if a collection of water can form in the lower region of the furnace vessel due to a corresponding arrangement of scrap or other batch-related changing geometries in the furnace vessel, this can lead to a spontaneous explosion.
- the time constants must be chosen so that the relative slope of the actual change in water quantity can still be reliably recognized with a correlation.
- the signals for changing the water pressure can range from several tens of seconds to a few minutes. Several signal trains from various melting processes can be combined into a correlatable signal train.
- An advantageous variant of the method provides that filtering in the frequency spectrum takes place in adaptation to the pressure fluctuation in the water pressure according to step a), whereby the signal of the exhaust gas measuring device is adapted. This advantageously improves the signal-to-noise ratio.
- the cooling water is preferably passed through the cooling pipes at a pressure of 6 bar.
- a pressure fluctuation by means of the pressure regulator according to step a) provides a variation of the pressure by +2 bar upwards and -2 bar downwards.
- a suitable pressure fluctuation is preferably in a range of 10% to 50% of the pressure around which the fluctuation occurs, i.e. generally the average value.
- a pressure fluctuation or preferably an irregular sequence of pressure deviations to the cooling water is achieved by means of of a pressure regulator described herein, which is also referred to as a pressure control device.
- a possible embodiment of the method provides that the correlation according to step c) is a cross-correlation.
- the cross-correlation then found the time pattern of the water pressure change in the exhaust gas signal, i.e. in the signal from the exhaust gas measuring device.
- cross-correlation has the advantage that a useful signal can be obtained even from a heavily disturbed or noisy signal. What is relevant here is the use of a sufficient time length of the signal, where the signal contains enough statistical information.
- small water leaks are leaks with a water outlet of 1 to 10 liters per minute or 1 to 5 liters per minute or 1 to 2 liters per minute.
- the method according to the invention can preferably be used to detect a leak which amounts to at least 3 liters per minute, preferably 1 liter per minute.
- the measurement according to step b) is carried out using spectroscopy.
- spectroscopy is a measurement method that uses optical principles by considering the individual wavelengths of the evaluated signal.
- a laser-based emission measurement or a laser-based absorption measurement is preferably used.
- the exhaust gas composition of the exhaust gases can be determined by measuring emission or absorption spectra in specific wavelength ranges.
- Such an optical measuring system is preferably arranged in or on the exhaust pipe.
- Online systems or extractive systems can preferably be used, which generate a partial flow of the exhaust gas suction through a water-cooled lance.
- Optical measuring systems are advantageously suitable for enabling a time-resolved analysis of the exhaust gas composition. The amount of water at the exhaust gas outlet can therefore advantageously be measured directly.
- An advantageous embodiment of the method provides that the metallurgical melting furnace is designed as an electric arc furnace with electrodes as a heating device.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, comprising a metallurgical melting furnace, which is preferably designed as an arc furnace, an exhaust gas measuring device for measuring at least one exhaust gas parameter according to step b), a pressure regulator for applying a pressure fluctuation to the pressure of the cooling water Step a) and an evaluation device connected to the pressure regulator in terms of data technology for carrying out the correlation according to step c).
- a metallurgical melting furnace which is preferably designed as an arc furnace
- an exhaust gas measuring device for measuring at least one exhaust gas parameter according to step b
- a pressure regulator for applying a pressure fluctuation to the pressure of the cooling water Step a
- an evaluation device connected to the pressure regulator in terms of data technology for carrying out the correlation according to step c).
- the metallurgical melting furnace has a furnace vessel, the walls of which at least partially consist of water pipe walls through which cooling water flows, and an exhaust gas outlet.
- the exhaust gas measuring device is arranged after the exhaust gas outlet in the exhaust gas flow direction and is connected to the evaluation device in terms of data technology.
- the metallurgical melting furnace is preferably designed as an electric arc furnace with electrodes as a heating device.
- the metallurgical melting furnace preferably has a lid, particularly preferably a pivoting lid.
- a pressure regulator is a device which can control and/or regulate the pressure of the cooling medium through the water pipe walls.
- a pressure regulator On a main line, a pressure regulator usually has a controllable and/or adjustable main pump for conveying the cooling water through the water pipes of the water pipe walls. A change in pressure can occur after a possible This variant can be done by controlling and/or regulating the main pump.
- the main pump is preferably designed and arranged in such a way that activating the pump leads directly to a change in pressure of the coolant and thus directly to the cooling water being subjected to a pressure fluctuation. A pattern of pressure fluctuation is thus achieved by changing or adjusting the delivery rate of the main pump. This is a simple variant of applying a pressure fluctuation that does not require the installation of any additional components.
- a pressure regulator provides that the pressure regulator is designed as a pressure control device which, in addition to a main pump on a main cooling water line, has an auxiliary line connected to the cooling circuit, in particular to the water pipe walls, for the flow of part of the cooling water in the manner of a bypass. At least one, optionally several controllable and/or regulatable valves are provided on the auxiliary line, which vary the flow through the auxiliary line and thus also the flow through the main line. This influences the pressure in the main cooling line and can create a pressure fluctuation in the cooling water. Generating the pressure fluctuation by varying a volume flow in an auxiliary line advantageously means that the main pump has to implement less frequent and less severe pressure changes. This advantageously protects the main pump from premature wear.
- a possible embodiment of a pressure regulator provides that the pressure regulator is designed as a pressure control device, with a change in the volume in the cooling water circuit generating the pressure fluctuation.
- a piston is preferably arranged movably in the manner of a stamp on a volume change region of the water pipe walls in such a way that a movement of the piston varies the volume and thus the pressure within the water pipe walls.
- it is advantageous to avoid generating pressure fluctuations through the main pump, so that it is protected from wear.
- the pressure regulator has an auxiliary pump in addition to a main pump for generating a cooling water flow.
- the auxiliary pump is designed to be controllable and/or regulated in such a way that an additional volume flow is generated and the pressure fluctuation can therefore be generated by the auxiliary pump.
- the auxiliary pump is preferably dimensioned smaller than the main pump.
- the auxiliary pump preferably has a pumping capacity of 5% to 20% of the main pump.
- a smaller auxiliary pump can be controlled more quickly and precisely, which improves the efficiency of the process.
- the pressure regulator is preferably designed as a pressure control device which, in addition to a main pump on a main cooling water line, has an auxiliary line connected to the cooling circuit for the flow of part of the cooling water in the manner of a bypass, on which an auxiliary pump controls the flow of cooling water flowing through the auxiliary line and/or regulates.
- Generating the pressure fluctuation by an auxiliary pump advantageously leads to a greater steepness of the pressure deviations compared to pressure deviations that can be generated by the main pump, and also leads to the generally larger-sized main pump being used less frequently and less powerfully for the larger part of the cooling water flow Must realize pressure changes. This advantageously protects the main pump from premature wear.
- the auxiliary line is preferably dimensioned such that a flow of 5% to 20% of the cooling water is generated through this bypass.
- an auxiliary pump is arranged directly on the main cooling water line, so that an additional volume flow is generated by the auxiliary pump and the main pump can be protected from wear caused by frequent pressure changes.
- the water pipe walls through which cooling water flows consist of at least two sections, which can be subjected to different pressure fluctuations by means of several pressure regulators. Valves can be arranged between the sections.
- a water leak in a cooling pipe or water pipe of a furnace vessel is detected by combining and correlating a time-resolved measurement of an exhaust gas parameter, such as the amount of water, at the exhaust gas outlet and a controlled pressure fluctuation, i.e. a variation of the pressure, of the cooling circuit.
- the variation of the water pressure results in the case a leak leads to a variation in the amount of water emerging into the furnace vessel, which is correlated over time with the variation in the pressure of the cooling circuit.
- an evaluation device can determine a connection based on a water leak.
- An advantageous embodiment provides for different cooling circuits onto which different pressure patterns can be impressed. In addition to detecting the leak, this also makes it possible to determine in which section, i.e. in which cooling circuit, it occurs. This allows the position of the leak to be advantageously limited and thus determined more efficiently.
- Fig. 1 a metallurgical melting furnace
- Fig. 2 a pressure fluctuation with an irregular pattern.
- a metallurgical melting furnace 1 for melting metal which has a furnace vessel 2 with a molten metal 3 and a pivotable lid 4.
- a furnace vessel 2 with a molten metal 3 and a pivotable lid 4.
- water pipe walls 5 through which water flows, i.e. walls through which water pipes 6 are traversed, are arranged.
- the water pipes 6 of the water pipe walls 5 ensure water cooling due to the cooling water 7 flowing through the water pipes 6. This protects the furnace vessel 2 from damage caused by the high temperatures of the molten metal 3.
- the electrodes 7 projecting into the furnace vessel 2 are preferably designed to be supplied with three-phase alternating current.
- the electrodes 7 generate arcs 10, the heat of which is used to melt the metal in the furnace vessel 2.
- a gas burner 11 and an oxygen supply element 12 designed as an oxygen lance 12 are also arranged on the furnace vessel 2.
- the exhaust gases resulting from the combustion and melting processes within the furnace vessel 2 are passed through an exhaust gas outlet 13 into an exhaust pipe 14.
- This exhaust pipe 14, which adjoins the exhaust gas outlet 13, is used to determine the exhaust gas parameters and to monitor the resulting exhaust emissions.
- an exhaust gas measuring device 15 which is designed to measure one or more exhaust gas parameters.
- the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas outlet 13, passes through an air supply opening 14, which is designed here as an air supply ring 16, and then flows past at least one exhaust gas measuring device 15.
- the exhaust gas measuring device 15 is arranged in front of the air supply opening 16 in the exhaust gas flow direction R.
- arranging the exhaust gas measuring devices 15 after the air supply opening 16 has constructive advantages, since this area of the exhaust pipe 14 can be thermally separated from the furnace vessel 2. This results in a reduction in the thermal loads on the exhaust gas measuring device 15.
- a cooler 17 for cooling the exhaust gas flow and a filter 18 for separating solid particles from the exhaust gas are arranged on the exhaust pipe 14 after the air supply device.
- the exhaust gas is subsequently passed through the suction draft 19 and into the chimney 20.
- the cooling water 7 flowing into the water pipes 6 of the water pipe walls 5 is subjected to a pressure fluctuation, in particular a sequence of pressure deviations, by means of a pressure regulator 21.
- the pressure fluctuation of the cooling water 7, in particular the course of the pressure fluctuation or the pattern of the sequence of pressure deviations of the cooling water 7, is compared with the course of an exhaust gas parameter measured at the exhaust gas measuring device 15.
- the signal of the exhaust gas parameters is forwarded to an evaluation device 23 by means of a data cable 22.
- the course of the pressure fluctuation of the cooling water 7 is also forwarded from the pressure controller 21 to the evaluation device 23 via a data cable 22.
- the evaluation device 23 determines the correlation of the pressure fluctuation, i.e. the sequence of predetermined pressure deviations, also referred to as the course of the pressure, of the cooling water 7 with the course of the exhaust gas parameter measured at the exhaust gas measuring device 15, whereby relationships are recognized and reliable leak detection is possible.
- FIG. 2 shows a course of a pressure 24 which is subjected to a pressure fluctuation with an irregular pattern.
- the pressure fluctuation is formed by several successive pressure deviations 25, i.e. deviations from an average pressure 26.
- the course of the print 24 thus receives a specific pattern.
- Each pressure deviation 25 has a deviation value 25 and a temporal duration 28, also referred to as duration 28.
- a random generator an irregular sequence can be realized in which a value generated by the random generator is between a minimum 29 and a maximum 30, for example between a minimum and a maximum deviation value and/or a value generated by the random generator is between a minimum and a maximum time duration, the sequence of pressure deviations 25 is determined. Certain smallest units can also be defined for this, so that, for example, 8 or 10 values are randomly selected.
- the pressure deviations 25 shown here are not at a distance from one another. However, it is also possible to provide distances between the pressure deviations 25 without changing the mean value, i.e. the mean pressure 26. These distances can also be varied. According to a simple embodiment of the method, only the distances between the pressure deviations 25 can be varied.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022001718.0A DE102022001718A1 (de) | 2022-05-16 | 2022-05-16 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion einer Wasserleckage in einem metallurgischen Schmelzofen |
| PCT/DE2023/000033 WO2023222149A1 (de) | 2022-05-16 | 2023-05-12 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur detektion einer wasserleckage in einem metallurgischen schmelzofen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4526484A1 true EP4526484A1 (de) | 2025-03-26 |
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ID=86604968
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23726851.1A Pending EP4526484A1 (de) | 2022-05-16 | 2023-05-12 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur detektion einer wasserleckage in einem metallurgischen schmelzofen |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250146898A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4526484A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025517383A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250009465A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3254280A1 (de) |
| CL (1) | CL2024003483A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102022001718A1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX2024014130A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023222149A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0216050B1 (pt) | 2001-09-20 | 2015-12-29 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | aparelho de refino para aços ao cromo fundidos |
| DE102009051931B4 (de) | 2009-11-04 | 2023-08-03 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Früherkennung von Fluidleckagen in einer Stranggießanlage oder in einem Hochofen |
| IT1403883B1 (it) | 2010-08-06 | 2013-11-08 | Tenova Spa | Pannello raffreddato a fluido per forni metallurgici, sistema di raffreddamento per forni metallurgici comprendente tale pannello e forno metallurgico incorporante gli stessi |
| US20170074589A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Ipsen Inc. | System and Method for Facilitating the Maintenance of an Industrial Furnace |
| IT201900020470A1 (it) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-06 | Danieli Off Mecc | Procedimento per la rilevazione di perdite di acqua da forni fusori in impianti di produzione di metalli o leghe e relativo impianto |
-
2022
- 2022-05-16 DE DE102022001718.0A patent/DE102022001718A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-05-12 US US18/865,852 patent/US20250146898A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-12 EP EP23726851.1A patent/EP4526484A1/de active Pending
- 2023-05-12 WO PCT/DE2023/000033 patent/WO2023222149A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-12 JP JP2024568483A patent/JP2025517383A/ja active Pending
- 2023-05-12 KR KR1020247040458A patent/KR20250009465A/ko active Pending
- 2023-05-12 CA CA3254280A patent/CA3254280A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-12 DE DE112023002282.8T patent/DE112023002282A5/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-11-14 CL CL2024003483A patent/CL2024003483A1/es unknown
- 2024-11-14 MX MX2024014130A patent/MX2024014130A/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022001718A1 (de) | 2023-11-16 |
| US20250146898A1 (en) | 2025-05-08 |
| CL2024003483A1 (es) | 2025-04-04 |
| WO2023222149A1 (de) | 2023-11-23 |
| CA3254280A1 (en) | 2025-07-04 |
| KR20250009465A (ko) | 2025-01-17 |
| DE112023002282A5 (de) | 2025-03-13 |
| MX2024014130A (es) | 2025-03-07 |
| JP2025517383A (ja) | 2025-06-05 |
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