EP4519037A1 - Additives fertigungsverfahren mit modifizierung von teilschichten - Google Patents
Additives fertigungsverfahren mit modifizierung von teilschichtenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4519037A1 EP4519037A1 EP23722521.4A EP23722521A EP4519037A1 EP 4519037 A1 EP4519037 A1 EP 4519037A1 EP 23722521 A EP23722521 A EP 23722521A EP 4519037 A1 EP4519037 A1 EP 4519037A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- material layer
- additive manufacturing
- partial
- structured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/12—Formation of a green body by photopolymerisation, e.g. stereolithography [SLA] or digital light processing [DLP]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/581—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on aluminium nitride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
Definitions
- the present application relates to an additive manufacturing process during which partial layers in components are modified.
- Additive manufacturing enables the structured construction of components, even with unusual shapes, without loss of material due to subsequent processing.
- the component is shaped during its manufacture.
- components with certain components are limited or difficult, if not impossible, to produce additively.
- electronic or catalytically active components are still mounted separately in or on the device and cannot be printed during the additive manufacturing process.
- An exemplary method for applying and modifying electrically conductive components, in particular on 2D substrates is the application of a substrate material and its subsequent modification using a laser-induced graphene process, which is disclosed, for example, in the publications US 2020/0 112 026 A1, US 2020 / 0 348 121 Al, CN 111 879 341 A or WO 2018 085 789 Al is known.
- the electrical conductivity of the modified LIG material can be increased in post-treatment steps as shown in the publications CN 109 440 145 A, US 2018/0 199 441 A1 and WO 2020 197 606 A2.
- Al also disclose high-temperature-resistant materials from the prior art.
- the CN 114322741 A shows an example of a manufacturing process for a ceramic film sensor.
- a metal component is provided as a substrate and a precursor layer for a ceramic insulating film is applied, for example by screen printing.
- the method does not enable the structuring of a partial layer in a font that has already been printed.
- DE 102019101268 A1 discloses a method for producing and modifying objects containing silicon carbide.
- WO 2017/176251 A1 shows a printing process in which a photosensitive additive is distributed on a section of a previously applied polymer layer using a liquid ink as a vehicle.
- US 2018/0129002 A1 discloses various possible post-treatment steps for surface treatment of additively manufactured electrical components.
- US 9,827,713 Bl shows a robot arm that dips a substrate into different resins at several stations in order to form the different layers of a component.
- the present invention relates to an additive manufacturing process that includes several steps.
- a layer of material is applied additively.
- the layer can be applied, for example, to a building board intended for this purpose or to a previously additively applied layer.
- the layer can comprise any material suitable for additive manufacturing or 3D printing is suitable.
- At least part of the previously applied material layer is modified in a property so that a partial layer is structured in the material layer.
- a portion of the material layer can be referred to here as a partial layer.
- the partial layer differs from the remaining material layer, outside of the modified part of the layer, at least in one property of the material. In one embodiment, the entire material layer is modified.
- a chemical, a physical, a morphological and/or a structural property of the material layer can be changed, among other things.
- the electrical conductivity, the porosity or the grain size of the material layer is changed or an organic material is carbonized into an inorganic carbon material.
- a part of the applied material layer is modified in such a way that the electrical conductivity in that part of the layer is changed and thus a partial layer is structured whose electrical conductivity deviates from the conductivity of the remaining material layer.
- the partial layer structured according to the modification can differ from the rest of the material layer in terms of its electrical conductivity as well as its porosity and grain size.
- the method described can be used to create a layer structure with various desired properties without having to print separate layers. Furthermore, the properties of the printed material layer can be adjusted during the additive manufacturing process, so that corresponding post-processing steps can be dispensed with.
- the targeted modification of the properties of the previously additively manufactured layers also enables the additive manufacturing of components with properties that cannot be produced in a conventional additive manufacturing process. These properties include, in particular, the aforementioned properties of electrical conductivity, grain size, porosity and other comparable material properties.
- a further material layer can be applied in a further process step and in turn modified in such a way that at least one material property in the part of the layer is changed and thus a partial layer is structured which has a material property of the Conductivity of the remaining material layer differs.
- a material layer can also be applied in which no partial layer is modified.
- the partial layer can be structured in such a way that it matches the partial layer in the first material layer and the two partial layers, for example, form a coherent layer with homogeneous properties.
- the same electrical conductivity is set in the partial layer and the further partial layer.
- An electrically conductive layer for example an internal electrode, can be structured in an electrically non-conductive material.
- the material layer and the further material layer are applied directly to one another or directly next to one another.
- the material layers can be applied both next to one another and one on top of the other.
- the material layer can consist of different materials, in particular a structural material and a modifiable material.
- a Structural material is not suitable for the modification step described but does provide a desired structure for the component to be manufactured.
- a modifiable material is suitable for modification during the modifying step.
- a portion of the modifiable material can be modified to produce a structure with desired properties.
- the modifiable material should preferably be a high-temperature-resistant material that can be 3D printed in particular using bath-based photopolymerization, such as the plastic classes ThermoBlast or DL-400.
- a material can be considered “high temperature resistant” if it can withstand an ambient temperature of at least 300 °C. Accordingly, the melting or
- Decomposition point of a high temperature resistant material is above 300 °C and the structure of the high temperature resistant material is not changed at temperatures up to 300 °C.
- These can be, for example, active layers or internal electrodes in the material layers.
- the remaining material layer, which is not modified, continues to contribute to the overall structure of the component.
- the material layer or the further material layer comprises ceramic materials.
- the material layer or the further material layer comprises metals.
- the layer material can then be modified by sintering and the partial layer can thus be structured.
- the partial layer can, for example, comprise or consist of a metal or ceramic material.
- Targeted, spatially resolved sintering enables the structuring of specific partial layers with desired properties.
- the ceramic material can be modified in such a way that conductive metallic partial layers are formed in the ceramic layer.
- An organic material with metallic or ceramic inclusions can, for example, be modified in such a way that organic components are removed and metallic or ceramic partial layers are formed, which predominantly comprise a metal or a ceramic or consist of such a material.
- the porosity of the partial layer is modified by sintering.
- structures with larger pores can be formed.
- the suitability of the material as a catalyst, carrier substance or filter unit can be adjusted.
- the material layer or the further material layer comprises an organic material or consists of organic material. Ceramic and/or metal materials are preferably additionally incorporated into the organic materials, in particular plastics, for example. B. can be modified as described above.
- the material layer or the further material layer preferably comprises plastics or consists of plastics.
- natural materials such as cellulose-based materials, modified natural materials such as rubber, viscose and cellophane can also be used as organic materials.
- plastics can be used.
- homogeneous material layers made from a uniform base material are preferable. Possible materials are, for example, PI, PEI, PE, PP, etc.
- blends i.e. non-chemically cross-linked mixtures, made from two pure plastic materials or chemically cross-linked copolymers such as ABS are also conceivable.
- the materials of the material layers also include composite materials such as GSK or PCB or polymer materials with fillers such as embedded ceramic or metal particles.
- a partial layer can be in one
- Execution form can be structured by converting the plastic into inorganic carbon.
- it is a high-temperature-resistant plastic to which the laser-induced graphene process can be applied and which can be 3D printed in particular using bath-based photopolymerization.
- High-temperature-resistant plastics in particular are suitable for using the LIG process due to their chemical composition and their ability to be processed at high temperatures. A targeted conversion of the organic Material by laser in graphene or graphite structures of carbon is possible here.
- the plastic composition preferably comprises at least one monomolecular or oligomeric chemical species, each of which comprises at least one carbon-carbon double bond that can be polymerized by radical polymerization, the monomolecular or oligomeric chemical species being in a total amount of 25 to 99% by weight on the plastic composition.
- the plastic composition preferably further comprises at least one photoinitiator, particularly preferably a titanocene photoinitiator, which is preferably present in a total amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, and furthermore at least one coinitiator, particularly preferably a thiol coinitiator, which is preferred is present in a total amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight.
- at least one photoinitiator particularly preferably a titanocene photoinitiator, which is preferably present in a total amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight
- at least one coinitiator particularly preferably a thiol coinitiator, which is preferred is present in a total amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight.
- the plastic composition comprises, for example, a thermosetting component A which has one or more chemical species selected from the group consisting of monomers and/or oligomers and/or prepolymers of maleimide derivatives according to formula (I) and their isomers, where: n is an integer between 1 and 10, Ri represents H, CHs or CH2, and
- R2 independently represents a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic C5-C40 radical from one or more of the groups phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decanyl, dodecanyl, acetic acid, propanoic acid, Butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, benzoic acid and corresponding Esters, alkyl or aromatic esters, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, isobornyl, propenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyrenyl, bis(methylene)oxy, bis(ethylene)oxy, bis
- the plastic composition then comprises a light-curable component B with one or more chemical species selected from the group of (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl ester, vinyl ether, vinyl, allyl, alkynyl or styrene compounds and their derivatives, substituted with at least one molecule from the group from which component A is selected, the amount of component A being in the range from 30% by weight to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of components A and B, and the amount of the light-curable component B is in the range from 5 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of components A and B.
- one or more chemical species selected from the group of (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl ester, vinyl ether, vinyl, allyl, alkynyl or styrene compounds and their derivatives, substituted with at least one molecule from the group from which component A is selected, the amount of component A being in the range from 30% by weight to 95% by weight, based on the total weight
- component A then comprises a species of component A, where n is an integer from 2 to 10, which has an aromatic radical which is bonded to the N atom of the maleimide ring of the formula I, preferably via a methylene group an amount in the range from 20% by weight to 100% by weight, preferably from 30 % by weight to 100% by weight and more preferably from 40% by weight to 100% by weight, based on the total weight of component A.
- the partial layer in the plastic can be modified using a suitable process and in particular converted into inorganic carbon.
- suitable processes are thermal processes, mechanical processes such as grinding or roughening or ultrasound processes, the use of plasma, irradiation, for example by electron beams, lasers, UV-VIS radiation, IR radiation or X-rays, microwave radiation and chemical Processes such as etching or chemical activation of the surface.
- a partial layer in the plastic can be structured using a laser-induced graphene process.
- the treated material is chemically and/or physically stimulated and changed by the action of laser radiation at the point of impact of the energy.
- thermal conversion or decomposition occurs at the point of impact.
- the organic carbon of the plastic is converted into inorganic carbon modifications such as graphene, graphite or fullerenes in a spatially resolved manner using targeted energy input using laser radiation ("charring").
- the LIG process is generally not limited to the specific conversion of the plastic Carbon in graphene is limited, but can also include the conversion of the carbon into other inorganic modifications.
- Carbon structures are formed in the material layers. Furthermore, the inorganic carbon modifications mentioned also differ, for example in terms of their porosity and crystallinity.
- modifications can be made specifically to the surface of a material layer or modifications can be made that penetrate deep into the material layer and, under certain circumstances, cover the entire thickness of the partial layer.
- the material layer includes auxiliary materials that support the laser-induced graphene process, such as in particular catalysts, pre-doping or reactive groups.
- metal particles, metal salts or metal complexes dispersed in the layer can be used as catalysts.
- the carbon materials to be produced and their derivatives can be used as predopings.
- Examples of embodiments include short-chain organic molecules with suitable reactive (end) groups such as: B. Aromatics are used.
- the auxiliary substances mentioned are preferably used in trace amounts.
- the process preferably takes place without the explicit addition of auxiliary substances.
- the additives can especially be present in traces in the raw materials used.
- the structured partial layer is subjected to a post-treatment step in order to further modify the properties of the partial layer and in particular to strengthen the properties set by modification.
- a surface treatment is preferably carried out on a partial layer structured on the surface of the material layer.
- the desired properties of the finished component can be set during the additive manufacturing process.
- a possible post-treatment step includes a surface treatment of the structured partial layer to further increase the electrical conductivity of the partial layer.
- surface treatment includes processes such as electroplating, sputtering or screen printing or sub-steps thereof.
- the surface treatment is not limited to the processes mentioned.
- the processes mentioned can in particular be used to apply metallic surface coatings that have high electrical conductivity.
- the electrical conductivity of the partial layer can thus be significantly increased.
- Another surface treatment option is the application of a catalyst to enhance the catalytic properties of the modified material.
- a catalyst is any form of a catalytically active material that can be applied, for example, in powder form.
- the catalyst can in particular be applied to the surface or introduced into the pores of the modified material.
- a seed layer is applied to the surface of the structured partial layer, which serves as a basis for the subsequent surface treatment.
- a seed layer can promote the application of metallic material and thus, for example, simplify and/or accelerate an electroplating process or a screen printing process or a sputtering process.
- the seed layer can be a nano-scale seed layer.
- the structured partial layer has at least increased porosity compared to the remaining material layer.
- conductive materials can then be introduced into the pores of the structured partial layer and the conductivity of the material can thus be increased.
- the post-treatment step in the embodiments is preferably carried out before the further layer of material is applied. Every single person can do this Material layer can be specifically modified separately or In this way the modified properties can be strengthened.
- the additive manufacturing itself i.e. the additive application of the material layers (3D printing)
- can be carried out using any suitable manufacturing process such as photopolymerization, material extrusion, material jetting, binder jetting, powder bed fusion, direct energy deposition or sheet lamination.
- Vat Photopolymerization process is particularly suitable for the process described here.
- several partial layers in the material layer are structured in one step.
- a material layer is irradiated with several lasers in order to carry out several LIG processes in parallel.
- several sintering processes or similar modification steps can be carried out in parallel on several sections of the material layer.
- a component is preferably formed from several material layers, with partial layers then being structured in several of the material layers as described.
- no structured partial layer is formed in at least one material layer.
- a material layer can in particular consist of structural material.
- the structural material can be a non-modifiable material.
- Such a layer can, for example, Increase stability of the component or define the structure of the component.
- the structured sub-layers can be arranged arbitrarily or in a specific system. In one embodiment, the structured sub-layers are arranged in such a way that several sub-layers of adjacent material layers adjoin one another. For example, several electrically conductive modified partial layers can adjoin one another in such a way that an internal electrode is formed in the component.
- auxiliary steps can be carried out in any number and sequence in embodiments of the manufacturing process.
- this can include the steps of cleaning, washing, rinsing, neutralizing, activating, drying, etc. act .
- the exact selection and order depends, for example, on what is to be produced
- Component its desired properties, the material used or the additive manufacturing process used.
- the applied and modified material layers are in the form of green layers, steps for debinding and sintering can follow.
- steps can follow, which take place after the last layer of material has been applied.
- This can be e.g. B.
- steps include assembly, external metallization, insulation, painting, debinding and sintering.
- the specific steps preferably depend on what is to be produced Component, its desired properties, the material used or the additive manufacturing process used.
- the steps can be carried out one after the other or simultaneously.
- the present invention is also directed to an electrical component produced in accordance with the method described.
- a component can have all of the properties previously described in the course of the method.
- the component comprises a plurality of material layers, with several of the material layers comprising structured sub-layers with increased electrical conductivity. In a preferred embodiment, no structured partial layer is formed in at least one material layer.
- the electrical component can be used as an electrical capacitor, e.g. B. be designed as a plate capacitor.
- the plates of the capacitor are then preferably aligned vertically to the stacking direction of the additive manufacturing process.
- the internal electrodes of the capacitor are formed by several adjacent modified partial layers with increased electrical conductivity. In between, each material layer contains unmodified sections with lower or no electrical conductivity.
- the present invention is also directed to an apparatus for carrying out the described process for producing the component.
- the apparatus includes at least one transport system and individual Processing stations where the steps of the process are carried out.
- the transport system is then designed in such a way that the component can be transported from station to station in the operating state or the stations can be moved to the component. This means that all processing steps of the process can be carried out using one device.
- Figure 1 Worktop with additively applied material layer.
- Figure 2 Material layer after modification to form partial layers.
- Figure 3 Post-treatment of the surface of the modified material layer.
- Figure 4 Component after applying a second material layer.
- Figure 5 Component with two modified material layers.
- Figure 6 Post-treatment of the surface of the second modified material layer.
- Figure 7 Component after applying a third material layer.
- Figure 8 Alternative embodiment of a component after the formation of partial layers in a first material layer.
- Figure 9 Alternative embodiment of a component after the formation of partial layers in a second material layer.
- Figure 10 Exemplary component with different material layers arranged one above the other and next to one another in cross section.
- Figure 11 Another exemplary component with different material layers.
- Figure 12 Micrograph of porous LIG-modified plastic material.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically an exemplary additive manufacturing process.
- a material layer 1 is applied to a worktop 2.
- the material layer 1 is applied using a suitable additive process.
- suitable additive processes include Vat Photopolymerization (VPP), Material Extrusion (MEX), Material Jetting (MJT), Binder Jetting (BJT), Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), Direct Energy deposition (DED) and Sheet Lamination (SHL).
- VPP Vat Photopolymerization
- MEX Material Extrusion
- MJT Material Jetting
- BJT Binder Jetting
- PPF Powder Bed Fusion
- DED Direct Energy deposition
- SHL Sheet Lamination
- the material layer 1 comprises a single homogeneous material.
- the same homogeneous material can always be used in the further course of the process, so that all material layers comprise the same material.
- two or more materials with different mechanical, electrical, optical, chemical, biological or toxicological properties can be used to build a single or different material layers.
- a material is, for example, a structural material that defines the mechanical properties of the component.
- the structural material can have other desired properties such as electrical properties or thermal properties.
- a modifiable material which can be converted particularly well into a conductive material, can be present in the same layer or in further layers.
- the material layer 1 is a plastic layer that includes or consists of materials made of plastic.
- material layers made from natural materials are also conceivable, such as: B. made from cellulose.
- the plastic layer can be modified natural materials such as rubber, viscose or cellophane or any include industrially produced polymers such as polyimide (PI), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and their derivatives such as PEI etc.
- Material layers made of uniform materials as well as chemically non-crosslinked mixtures of two or more materials are possible.
- Other possible materials include chemically cross-linked copolymers such as ABS as well as composite materials such as GRP, PCB and polymer materials with fillers such as polymers with embedded ceramic particles.
- the material layer 1 is modified in some sections.
- the modified layer is shown in Figure 2.
- the sections can be connected or separate.
- the sections can include any parts of the previously applied material layer 1.
- the sections and their dimensions can be specifically selected.
- the layer thicknesses of the material layers can also be selected so that the desired properties of the layer composite are optimized to their target values.
- the geometric extent of the material layers can be controlled in the material application and modification steps.
- the individual layers can be applied additively in different forms in the first step.
- the modification can also change the expansion of partial layers in a stacking direction of the material layers.
- both the structural material and the modifiable material can be present in one plane.
- the modification of sections of the material layer 1 is carried out by a LIG process. During this process, restructured sub-layers 3 are generated in the material layer 1 in the corresponding sub-sections.
- the partial layer 3 differs from the remaining material layer in at least one property.
- the partial layer 3 differs from the remaining material layer 1 in terms of its electrical conductivity or, for example, also in terms of its porosity. Furthermore, the partial layer 3 can alternatively or additionally also differ from the remaining material layer in terms of grain size or in terms of the charring of the material.
- the structured partial layer is electrically conductive and the remaining material layer 1 is hardly or not electrically conductive.
- the porosity of the structured partial layer 3 is still higher than that of the remaining layer.
- a microscope image of the highly porous LIG-modified plastic material of partial layer 3 is shown in Figure 12.
- the structuring can only take place on the surface of the partial layer 3, over part of the layer thickness or, as shown, over the entire layer thickness.
- the plastic material is thermally induced and chemically converted by a laser, so that a structure based on inorganic carbon material is created.
- the structured partial layer can, for example, have a material based on graphene, graphite, fullerene, their (partially) oxidized derivatives or the like.
- the (organic) plastic material of the remaining material layer 1 is preferably electrically non-conductive and the material of the structured partial layer 3 is electrically conductive.
- the LIG process can be supported by auxiliary materials such as suitable catalysts, pre-doping in the material layer 1 and reactive groups introduced into the material layer 1.
- Catalysts can be metal particles, metal salts or metal complexes dispersed in the material layer 1.
- Pre-doping can in particular be the carbon materials to be produced and their derivatives.
- Reactive groups can be short-chain organic molecules with suitable reactive (end) groups such as aromatics.
- auxiliary substances mentioned are used in trace amounts.
- the process preferably takes place without the explicit addition of auxiliary substances.
- the auxiliary substances can, in particular, be present in traces in the raw materials used.
- Such a suitable process can be a galvanic process such as: electroplating, electroless plating, adsorption etc.
- the application can also be for example, by sputtering, infiltration or screen printing.
- a seed layer is applied to the surface of the structured partial layers 3, which serves as a basis for the subsequent surface treatment.
- a seed layer can promote the application of metallic material and thus, for example, simplify and/or accelerate the electroplating process or the screen printing process or the sputtering process.
- the seed layer is a nano-scale seed layer.
- a further material layer 6 is applied to the first material layer 1 and, as shown in FIGS Surface ( Figure 6), if necessary.
- the partial layers 3 are preferably modified in such a way that several partial layers of material layers arranged one above the other form a coherent structure.
- a material layer 7, as shown in FIG. 7, may not extend over the entire surface of the underlying material layer.
- the material layers can optionally also be applied next to each other.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the partial layers are partly structured only on the surface of the material layer and partly over the entire layer thickness.
- a structure can comprise a single sublayer.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 Exemplary representations of finished components 10 with several material layers printed one above the other are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
- Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view.
- the material layer 1 comprises an organic material in which a metal is embedded, which in the second step of the method is sintered on selected sections of the material layer 1 in order to produce metallic sub-layers as electrically conductive structures.
- final steps can follow, which take place after the last layer of material has been applied. This can be e.g. B. about assembly, Exterior metallization, insulation, painting, debinding and sintering.
- steps taken depend on the specific component to be manufactured, its desired properties, the material used, the additive manufacturing process used, etc.
- An apparatus required for the process described can essentially consist of a transport system, such as. B. a robot arm, or conveyor belt, and individual processing stations. Either the component to be built can be transported from station to station or the stations can be moved to a fixed component to be built.
- a transport system such as. B. a robot arm, or conveyor belt
- a plastic component can be manufactured into which ceramic - for the desired functionalities - and metallic - e.g. B. for electrical contacting layers are embedded.
- a multilayer component comprising plastics, ceramics and metals can therefore be produced using additive manufacturing, for example 3D printing, with modification steps.
- passive electronic components preferably multi-layered and with internal electrodes and with carrier substrates made of plastic, such as PCB, FR4 and/or ceramics such as AlOx or AIN, PZT, PLZT, PCZT, ferrite, varistor ceramics such as ZnO, PTC Ceramics, NTC ceramics, LTCC, HTCC.
- plastic such as PCB, FR4 and/or ceramics such as AlOx or AIN, PZT, PLZT, PCZT, ferrite, varistor ceramics such as ZnO, PTC Ceramics, NTC ceramics, LTCC, HTCC.
- the method described can be used, for example, to produce a layer structure of a capacitor with internal electrodes.
- a material layer made of plastic is provided.
- a section of the surface of the plastic layer is modified so that the electrical conductivity changes compared to the plastic.
- the conductivity is specifically increased in order to form an electrode of the capacitor.
- the modification is carried out as previously described by converting the plastic into a conductive carbon derivative in the LIG process.
- the modified partial layer is then reinforced by galvanic deposition of copper and the conductivity is further increased.
- the next plastic layer is then applied over the first layer of material that is now already present.
- the partial layers with increased conductivity then form the internal electrodes of the capacitor.
- the sub-layers are arranged in such a way that sub-layers of adjacent material layers adjoin one another and form a coherent, uniform electrode structure.
- Such an electrode structure which forms an internal electrode of the capacitor, then extends perpendicular to the stacking direction of the material layers.
- the layer sections in between with lower conductivity act as separators.
- unused raw material can be returned and the surface of the material layer produced can be cleaned. Then the LIG process is carried out, then cleaned again. After galvanic copper plating, the material layer is neutralized, washed, rinsed and dried.
- a ceramic-containing plastic material such as ceramic particles embedded within a polymer matrix
- steps for debinding or sintering and shaping can be followed by hard processing steps such as grinding at the end of the process.
- an external contact can be applied to an outside of the capacitor by sputtering or similar suitable processes and the remaining surface of the capacitor can be coated with a protective coating/insulation.
- the capacitor can be assembled, for example cut to size, and an additional enclosure can be attached.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022110873.2A DE102022110873A1 (de) | 2022-05-03 | 2022-05-03 | Additives Fertigungsverfahren mit Modifizierung von Teilschichten |
| PCT/EP2023/060901 WO2023213625A1 (de) | 2022-05-03 | 2023-04-26 | Additives fertigungsverfahren mit modifizierung von teilschichten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4519037A1 true EP4519037A1 (de) | 2025-03-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
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| EP23722521.4A Pending EP4519037A1 (de) | 2022-05-03 | 2023-04-26 | Additives fertigungsverfahren mit modifizierung von teilschichten |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20250229335A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4519037A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025522263A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119136930A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022110873A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023213625A1 (de) |
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| JP2017514783A (ja) * | 2014-02-17 | 2017-06-08 | ウィリアム・マーシュ・ライス・ユニバーシティ | レーザーで誘導されたグラフェン材料および電子装置におけるそれらの使用 |
| US9827713B1 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2017-11-28 | X Development Llc | Wet/dry 3D printing |
| US11597839B2 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2023-03-07 | Photocentric Limited | Methods for making an object and formulations for use in said methods |
| US20180355199A1 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2018-12-13 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Photosensitive Material Sets |
| CN110167877B (zh) | 2016-11-06 | 2024-02-13 | 威廉马歇莱思大学 | 制造激光诱导的石墨烯的方法及其组合物 |
| US10088642B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2018-10-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Coaxial wire and optical fiber trace via hybrid structures and methods to manufacture |
| US10561025B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2020-02-11 | Bgt Materials Limited | Method of manufacturing polymer printed circuit board |
| CA3094253A1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | The University Of Western Ontario | Method and system for 3d printing of electrically conductive polymer structures |
| WO2018194564A1 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Increasing electrical conductivity at selected locations of a 3d object |
| US11493321B2 (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2022-11-08 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Laser-induced graphene-based bending sensor and method |
| JP7091810B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-25 | 2022-06-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | カーボン電極およびその製造方法 |
| US10926461B2 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-02-23 | The Boeing Company | Methods and apparatus for additively manufacturing a structure with in-situ reinforcement |
| EP3632941B1 (de) | 2018-10-01 | 2023-08-23 | Cubicure GmbH | Harzzusammensetzung |
| US12227420B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2025-02-18 | B.G. Negev Technologies And Application Ltd., At Ben-Gurion U Suniversity State Or Country) | Laser-induced graphene sensors and methods of making and using same |
| CN109440145B (zh) | 2018-12-30 | 2020-02-14 | 苏州碳素集电新材料有限公司 | 一种石墨烯/铜复合导电材料及其制备方法 |
| DE102019101268A1 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-23 | Psc Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung oder Modifizierung von siliciumcarbidhaltigen Objekten |
| US11548069B2 (en) | 2019-05-20 | 2023-01-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Three-dimensional printer laminating fusible sheets |
| US11643566B2 (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2023-05-09 | Xerox Corporation | Particulate compositions comprising a metal precursor for additive manufacturing and methods associated therewith |
| GB202006473D0 (en) * | 2020-05-01 | 2020-06-17 | Univ Liverpool | Additive manufacturing components and methods |
| CN111879341B (zh) | 2020-07-31 | 2022-03-18 | 北京大学 | 全基于激光诱导石墨烯工艺的自供能传感微系统 |
| CN114322741A (zh) | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-12 | 厦门大学 | 一种激光热解复合增材制造一体化前驱体陶瓷薄膜传感器及其制备方法 |
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- 2023-04-26 EP EP23722521.4A patent/EP4519037A1/de active Pending
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| DE102022110873A1 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
| JP2025522263A (ja) | 2025-07-15 |
| WO2023213625A1 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
| US20250229335A1 (en) | 2025-07-17 |
| CN119136930A (zh) | 2024-12-13 |
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