EP4479782A1 - Infrarotbildsystem und bildleiter zur infrarotbildübertragung - Google Patents
Infrarotbildsystem und bildleiter zur infrarotbildübertragungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4479782A1 EP4479782A1 EP23706290.6A EP23706290A EP4479782A1 EP 4479782 A1 EP4479782 A1 EP 4479782A1 EP 23706290 A EP23706290 A EP 23706290A EP 4479782 A1 EP4479782 A1 EP 4479782A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image guide
- structural elements
- image
- type
- detector unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/12—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/555—Constructional details for picking-up images in sites, inaccessible due to their dimensions or hazardous conditions, e.g. endoscopes or borescopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/0225—Shape of the cavity itself or of elements contained in or suspended over the cavity
- G01J5/023—Particular leg structure or construction or shape; Nanotubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/0225—Shape of the cavity itself or of elements contained in or suspended over the cavity
- G01J5/024—Special manufacturing steps or sacrificial layers or layer structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/11—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths for generating image signals from visible and infrared light wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/20—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only
- H04N23/23—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only from thermal infrared radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/45—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from two or more image sensors being of different type or operating in different modes, e.g. with a CMOS sensor for moving images in combination with a charge-coupled device [CCD] for still images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/04—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres
- G02B6/06—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/102—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type for infrared and ultraviolet radiation
Definitions
- Infrared imaging can be used for a number of applications to provide information or supporting data that is not apparent to the naked eye or conventional imaging equipment.
- the imaging device in particular the sensor, from the light-collecting lens in order to enable space- and application-optimized usability, in particular in small and dangerous environments.
- the IR light image captured by the lens can be transmitted over a desired distance to the sensor by means of a suitable image guide.
- IR image guides results in dedicated local risk minimization and better performance in relation to avoiding damage and reducing the lifetime of electro-optical imaging equipment. This applies in particular to small and dangerous environments, eg in industry and aviation.
- fields of application for infrared imaging can be, for example, preventive maintenance of hulls and insulation in cramped and/or difficult-to-access environments, engine and power room monitoring, possibly also during operation, monitoring and inspection of turbine chambers, such as blade inspection, e.g. with regard to weight, space and avionics balance, fire protection, firefighting, spark detection, e.g.
- IR image guides due to the spatial separation from a detector unit, can enable a suitable, for example inconspicuous, placement of the infrared image system, also for example around corners or obstacles.
- thermo imaging optical systems that can detect temperature differences between an object and the environment
- image transmission element image guide
- the aspect of an image transmission element comes into play when direct exposure or direct observation, e.g. via an IR camera, is not possible or preferred, or in other words when remote imaging is required, for example in difficult environments or places that are difficult to access , assemblies or the like, e.g. around a corner, through small openings or between assemblies etc. This is sometimes also used in medical fields for imaging in, out of or inside a body.
- An image guide can thereby enable remote imaging, with the distal end being kept away from the detector.
- IR cameras or IR detector image chips are usually not comparable with those in the visible range.
- the pixel size is often larger due to adaptation to the wavelength range to be detected, and as a result the resolution is usually rather low.
- the development of highly sensitive and higher-resolution sensors or detectors has therefore been of increased interest for some time, partly also with regard to relatively specific applications.
- further developments for image transmission elements in this context have so far been less the focus of development.
- image guides that are better matched to the respective system would be desirable. It should also be considered that in the IR range, many bodies can themselves function as IR transmitters and can therefore superimpose a target signal.
- One aspect of the object of the invention is to increase the image quality and to optimize IR systems for practical use while using or maintaining the performance of the downstream components, in particular the IR camera or the IR chip, as best as possible.
- the invention relates to an infrared imaging system having a lens for imaging an object or multiple objects or motifs, an image guide for image transmission, with the image guide being associated with the lens at a distal end, and a detector unit for image acquisition, with the detector unit being associated with a proximal end of the image guide or is assignable.
- the ratio of the common thermal resolution (NETDB - NETD: Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference) of the image guide and the detector unit to the thermal resolution (NETDD) of the detector unit is less than 10, preferably less than 5, particularly preferably less than 2.
- the ratio of the combined thermal resolution of the image guide and the detector unit to the thermal resolution of the detector unit is preferably greater than 1.00. particularly preferably greater than 1.05, again preferably greater than 1.1. A value in the range from 1.01 to 10, for example, or also a value in the range from 1.05 to 5, can therefore be provided for said ratio.
- the detector unit preferably includes an IR-sensitive sensor and possibly also one or more other optical components, e.g. dedicated optics and/or a housing, with the NETD value preferably relating to the entire detector unit.
- the NETD value also relates solely to the sensor, for example in the case of a detector unit which consists of just one sensor.
- the detector unit has a thermal resolution (NETD) which is less than 300 mK, preferably less than 200 mK, particularly preferably less than 100 mK, even more preferably less than 50 mK.
- NETD thermal resolution
- the image guide and the detector unit can also have a common thermal resolution (NETD) which is less than 400 mK, preferably less than 300 mK, particularly preferably less than 200 mK.
- the common thermal resolution NETD of image guide and detector unit can be taken as a basis.
- a number of further properties relating to the detector unit are mentioned below, by means of which, in particular, a minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) of the detector unit can also be determined.
- MRTD minimum resolvable temperature difference
- the detector unit has a defectivity of at least 10 8 cm Hz 1/2 W' 1 for a wavelength in the infrared range, in particular in the range from 0.8 pm to 14 pm, preferably of at least 10 9 cm Hz 1/2 W' 1 , more preferably at least 10 9 cm Hz 1/2 W' 1 , even more preferably at least 10 10 cm Hz 1/2 W' 1 , even more preferably at least 10 11 cm Hz 1/2 W' 1 , for example between one of the values mentioned and 10 13 cm Hz 1/2 W' 1 , in particular between one of the values mentioned and 10 12 cm Hz 1/2 W' 1
- the detector unit can have a resolution of at least 20 line pairs/mm, preferably at least 50 line pairs/mm, particularly preferably at least 150 line pairs/mm.
- the detector unit can have an area of at least 0.1 square centimeters, preferably at least 0.5 square centimeters, particularly preferably at least 5 square centimeters.
- the infrared imaging system can also comprise an optical element which is arranged between the proximal end of the image guide and the detector unit.
- the detector unit can also be designed as a screen, in particular an “IR-sensitive” screen, which converts wavelengths from infrared (IR) to visible light (VIS) by means of wavelength-converting material or such a coating, and the optical element mentioned be designed for image projection onto the screen.
- the image guide of the infrared imaging system can be designed in particular according to the statements below.
- the invention also relates to an image guide for image transmission from a distal end to a proximal end, comprising a plurality of structural elements which each extend from the distal end to the proximal end, wherein at least two different types of structural elements are comprised, namely a first one type with a first refractive index n1 and a second type with a second refractive index n2.
- the ratio of the refractive indices n1/n2 between the structural elements of the first type and the structural elements of the second type can be, for example, between 0.5 and 0.999, particularly preferably between 0.6 and 0.992, even more preferably between 0.75 and 0.992. It is also possible that n1/n2 is between 0.8 and 0.999.
- first refractive index of the structural elements of the first type and the second refractive index of the structural elements of the second type differ by at least 0.05, differ by at least 0.075, in particular differ by at least 0.1, in particular differ by at least 0.2 , in particular deviate by at least 0.3, in particular deviate by at least 0.4.
- the structural elements can, for example, form a bundle of optical fibers, the fibers each comprising a core and a cladding, the cladding being designed as a structural element of the first type and the core being designed as a structural element of the second type.
- the structural elements form a base body with a large number of, preferably filled, cavities, the base body being designed as a structural element of the first type and the preferably filled cavities being designed as structural elements of the second type.
- an image guide can, for example, be designed similar to or as a photonic crystal fiber (PCF).
- At least one structural element is preferably designed to be transmissive for a wavelength in the infrared range, in particular in the range from 0.8 ⁇ m to 14 ⁇ m.
- the image guide can have a resolution of at least 25 line pairs/mm, preferably a resolution of at least 30 line pairs/mm, particularly preferably a resolution of at least 40 line pairs/mm.
- the image guide can have a length of at least 50 cm, preferably have a length of at least 100 cm, particularly preferably have a length of at least 300 cm.
- the image guide can be designed as a flexible body, at least in sections, and/or can be designed as a rigid body, at least in sections.
- At least one core, one jacket, one base body, one filled cavity and/or one structural element preferably comprises a material which is suitable for a wavelength in the infrared range, in particular in the sensitivity or detection range of the detector unit or the emission range of a body or motif to be observed. and in particular in the range from 0.8 pm to 14 pm, has an attenuation of less than 50 dB/m, in particular less than 10 dB/m, in particular less than 1 dB/m.
- crosstalk it can be provided that between the cores of the fibers and/or the structural elements of the second type, for a wavelength in the infrared range, in particular in the range from 0.8 pm to 14 pm, in particular in the range from 5 pm to 8 pm, there is a crosstalk (X-talk) of less than 0.4, preferably less than 0.3, more preferably less than 0.2, or less than 0.1, or less than 0.05.
- the image guide preferably has a large number of structural elements.
- the number of fibers and/or structural elements of the second type per mm 2 of the cross-sectional area of the image guide can be at least 100, preferably at least 1000, particularly preferably at least 10000.
- the cores of the fibers and/or the structural elements of the second type can have a diameter between 5 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
- the jackets of the fibers and/or the structural elements of the first type can have a diameter between 6 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m, preferably between 6 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 70 ⁇ m.
- the core to cladding diameter ratio can range from 0.5 to 0.95.
- the smallest distance between the centers of two cores and/or two structural elements of the second type can be less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably less than 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 15 ⁇ m.
- the average distance between the centers of the cores and/or the structural elements of the second type can also be less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably less than 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 15 ⁇ m.
- a core, a jacket, a base body, a filled cavity and/or a structural element can in principle include or consist of glass. It is also possible for a core, a jacket, a base body, a filled cavity and/or a structural element to include or consist of quartz.
- a core, a shell, a base body, a filled cavity and/or a structural element can comprise a chalcogenide, in particular comprising at least one element from the group oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium, and at least one element from the group arsenic, germanium, phosphorus , Antimony, Lead, Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Titanium, Sodium.
- a chalcogenide in particular comprising at least one element from the group oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium, and at least one element from the group arsenic, germanium, phosphorus , Antimony, Lead, Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Titanium, Sodium.
- multi-component glasses can be provided for the core, cladding or base body, as well as quartz glass, in particular doped quartz glass.
- quartz glass in particular doped quartz glass.
- chemical and/or thermomechanical for example with regard to thermal expansion coefficients and/or their viscosity profile over temperature are chalcogenides or GLS materials.
- chalcogenides or GLS materials can be processed or machined in particular in thermal processes, so that a waveguide in particular can be produced using conventional methods of manufacturing fiber-optic components.
- GLS stands for a gallium lanthanum sulfide glass, it being possible for a core, a cladding, a base body, a filled cavity and/or a structural element to comprise such a gallium lanthanum sulfide glass (GLS).
- GLS gallium lanthanum sulfide glass
- the image guide preferably has a transmission of at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 60%, for a wavelength in the infrared range, in particular in the range from 0.8 ⁇ m to 14 ⁇ m. Furthermore, the image guide can have a transmission of at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 60%, for a wavelength in the range from 5 pm to 8 pm.
- higher resolution image guides based on the transverse Anderson localization (TAL) wave phenomenon can be provided.
- TAL transverse Anderson localization
- a large number of individual glass fibers with different refractive indices can be assembled into a random fiber bundle. If a light beam is coupled into such a waveguide, it propagates along the length of the image guide with a transverse extent that is limited in cross section.
- such image guides particularly advantageously comprise at least two different types of structural elements, namely a first type with a first refractive index and a second type with a second refractive index.
- the included plurality of structural elements can therefore include at least one structural element of the first type and one or more structural elements of the second type, or conversely one or more structural elements of the first type and one structural element of the second type, or both multiple structural elements of the first type and multiple Structural elements of second type include. It goes without saying that more than two different types, for example three different types, of structural elements can also be included.
- the structural elements each extend along the transport direction of the electromagnetic radiation through the image conductor and proportionately over the cross section of the waveguide, such that a multiplicity of cross-sectional regions are defined in the cross section of the waveguide, each of which corresponds to the cross section of an individual structural element. Accordingly, the structural elements run next to one another, in particular parallel to one another, along the transport direction of the waveguide or image guide and their cross sections each occupy a planar portion of the cross section of the waveguide and therefore each define a cross-sectional region of the cross section of the waveguide.
- the cross-sectional regions therefore correspond in particular to the surface areas formed by the structural elements when one looks at a cross-sectional surface of the waveguide, ie, for example, the light entry or light exit surface.
- An image guide can therefore comprise a large number of structural elements of the first type and a large number of structural elements of the second type, the structural elements of the first type being designed as, in particular, rod-shaped or tubular bodies with or made of a first medium, the first medium containing the first has a refractive index, and wherein the structural elements of the second type are formed as, in particular, rod-shaped or tubular bodies with or made of a second medium, wherein the second medium has the second refractive index, or wherein the structural elements of the second type are formed as cavities in the structural elements of first type, wherein the cavities preferably form the second refractive index or are filled with a second medium, the second medium having the second refractive index.
- An image guide can therefore also define a longitudinal direction and a cross-section running transversely to the longitudinal direction, with the structural elements extending over the cross-section of the image guide in such a way that a multiplicity of cross-sectional regions are defined in the cross-section of the image guide, each of which corresponds to the cross-section of a single structural element, and/or wherein the structural elements, in particular their cross-sectional regions, are arranged non-uniformly in order to cause a transverse Anderson localization transverse to the longitudinal direction.
- the non-uniform arrangement of the structural elements, in particular their cross-sectional regions can in particular be random and/or non-uniform but defined by a predetermined rule, with the non-uniform arrangement preferably being formed:
- the periodically positioned structural elements having a variation among one another which is random and/or uneven but clearly defined by a predetermined rule, the variation of the periodically positioned structural elements among one another being preferred is formed as a variation of the type of structural elements, the refractive index of the structural elements and/or the geometry, e.g. the shape, the diameter and/or the substructure, of the structural elements,
- the structural elements in particular their cross-sectional regions, can be formed non-uniformly, but clearly defined by a predetermined rule. Accordingly, the structural elements exhibit an irregularity in relation to one another, ie they are of irregular design, for example arranged irregularly, irregularly shaped and/or irregularly configured. In particular, the irregularity does not lie in the individual structural elements themselves, but in the totality of the structural elements; accordingly, there is in particular a physical disorder, i.e. a deviation from one or the symmetry. On the other hand, the unevenly formed structural elements are formed in a fixed manner by a predetermined rule, ie, they are not formed randomly.
- the property that the structural elements have a non-uniformity or a disorder relative to one another is therefore opposed to a regularity, in particular in the sense that the non-uniformity or the disorder follows a defined rule and not by chance.
- the irregularity or the disorder is therefore clearly predetermined or specified by a rule or characterized or characterizable by a rule.
- the non-uniformity of the structural elements, in particular their cross-sectional regions can be pronounced in various ways.
- the cross-sectional regions of the structure elements can have an uneven, in particular aperiodic, arrangement which is clearly defined by the predetermined rule.
- the cross-sectional regions can be arranged deviating from a periodic lattice.
- the cross-sectional regions can also be distributed unevenly on a periodic lattice, for example.
- the cross-sectional regions of the structural elements can have geometries which are non-uniform, in particular differing from one another, for example non-uniform diameters, which are clearly defined by the predetermined rule.
- the geometries of the cross-sectional regions can also be of the same type, but rotated in relation to one another, in particular in the case of cross-sectional regions which have a non-round shape.
- the structural elements can have non-uniform refractive indices, in particular deviating from one another, which are clearly defined by the predetermined rule.
- Image guides of this type enable resolutions which are again higher than the resolutions of image guides already mentioned, which are based on the principle of wave guidance by total reflection.
- the features in terms of materials and mechanical structure, such as number, surfaces and geometries, but also methods of production are essentially also applied to waveguides or image guides based on the wave phenomenon of transverse Anderson localization (TAL) are applicable.
- TAL transverse Anderson localization
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an image guide designed as a fiber bundle with a multiplicity of first and second structural elements.
- the structural elements of the first type 100a in such a fiber-optic image guide or fiber bundle can also be partially or partially connected to one another with a positive and/or material connection, for example by fusion.
- essentially hexagonal superstructures are often formed and a denser packing of the pixels can be achieved.
- This can be advantageous, for example, in order to fix the proximal and/or the distal end and to connect it to other components of the IR imaging system in sleeves or means for connecting, which can also result in a local fixation of the pixels.
- these can also be bent partially or in sections, once or multiple times and/or their cross-sectional geometry can be changed, and they can also be twisted.
- Fig. 3 shows two further examples of image guides 20.
- the image guides 20 in turn comprise a multiplicity of structural elements 100, which each extend from a first front end 2 to a second front end 4 of the image guide 20 along the transport direction 5 and are, for example, rod-shaped .
- the image guide shown in Figure 3(a) has a plurality of structural elements of a first type 100a and a plurality of structural elements of a second type 100b.
- the cross-sectional regions of the features are arranged on a periodic lattice.
- the structural elements have an uneven arrangement in that the structural elements of the first type 100a and the second type 100b, and thus the refractive indices, are arranged and/or distributed unevenly and/or there is an uneven occupancy at periodic positions.
- the structural elements 100a comprise infrared-transmissive material.
- the structure elements 100b comprise infrared-transmissive material.
- both the structural element 100a and the structural elements 100b can also comprise infrared-transmissive material, with different infrared-transmissive materials preferably being provided for the two types.
- the image guide shown in FIG. 3(b) again has a multiplicity of structural elements 100 which are arranged on a periodic lattice, with the cross-sectional regions of the structural elements having non-uniform geometries in this example.
- the geometries can differ in particular in that the diameters of the structural elements or their cross-sectional regions differ from one another.
- the structural elements 100 can have non-uniformity to the effect that the refractive indices of the structural elements differ from one another.
- a discrete number of different refractive indices, for example two, three, four, etc., but in principle also a continuous variation of the refractive index can be provided.
- At least some of the structural elements 100 have infrared-transmissive material in this variant.
- one of the materials of the structural elements 100b and 100c again corresponds to the matrix material of the structural element 100a or that the (filled) cavities corresponding to these structural elements are missing in the matrix material (compare below with regard to FIG. 6a). It is also possible that the structure element 100a is formed as air or is absent and the structure elements 100b and 100c adjoin one another (compare FIG. 3a in this regard).
- the image guide 20 shown in FIG. 4c has structural elements 100b, 100c with a periodic positioning.
- the structure elements 100b, 100c are of different types and the allocation of the different types on the regular grid is uneven.
- the variation of the structural elements 100b, 100c among one another is thus non-uniform.
- Fig. 4c thus shows a case of an image guide 20, wherein the structural elements or whose cross-sectional regions have an uneven arrangement.
- the term arrangement is to be understood here to mean that the selection or assignment of the different types of structural elements 100b, 100c is uneven in the respective periodic positions.
- the structural elements 100b, 100c do not differ with regard to their refractive indices, e.g. have the same refractive index or consist of the same material, but vary with regard to other aspects (compare further below with regard to FIG. 5). It is also possible for the structure elements 100b, 100c to differ both with regard to their refractive indices and with regard to other aspects.
- the structure element 100a can comprise infrared-transmissive material and/or the structure elements 100b and/or 100c can comprise infrared-transmissive material or another infrared-transmissive material.
- FIG. 4e shows an image guide 20 with two types of structural elements, namely the structural element 100a, which can be embodied as matrix material, for example, and a multiplicity of structural elements 100b, which are embodied, for example, as, in particular filled, cavities in the matrix material could be.
- the cross-sectional regions of the structure elements 100b are positioned aperiodically.
- the positioning of the structure elements 100b can now represent an irregularity.
- the structure elements 100b of the second type can have non-uniform positions. 4e thus shows a case of an image guide 20 in which the structural elements or their cross-sectional regions have an uneven arrangement.
- the term arrangement is to be understood here to mean that the or some of the structural elements or their cross-sectional regions are positioned aperiodically.
- the structure elements 100b of the second type have a uniform refractive index, have uniform geometries and/or are configured uniformly with regard to other aspects, in particular are configured identically. In this case, one can speak of a uniform assignment of the aperiodic positions.
- the structural element 100a can comprise infrared-transmissive material and/or it can
- Structure elements 100b Infrared-transmissive material or another infrared-transmissive
- FIG. 4f shows an image guide 20 in which an aperiodic positioning of structure elements with different types of structure elements 100b, 100c at the same time is provided.
- the non-uniformity of the arrangement can lie in the aperiodic positioning of the structure elements 100b, 100c or in the occupancy, ie the variation of the structure elements 100b, 100c among one another, or lie in both the positioning and the occupancy.
- the structural element 100a can comprise infrared-transmissive material and/or the structural elements 100b and/or 100c can comprise infrared-transmissive material or another infrared-transmissive material.
- FIG. 5 shows different possibilities of variations, which structural elements can have among themselves (middle line) as well as exemplary possible combinations of the variations (lower goals), which are not to be understood as conclusive.
- the variations shown can be used in particular for an occupancy of positions with structural elements, which is formed unevenly.
- Structural elements whose cross-sectional regions are localized at periodic or aperiodic positions, e.g. within a matrix material, can vary among themselves in terms of their shape, vary in terms of their type or refractive index, vary in terms of their substructure and/or in terms of their rotation (and/or local position) vary.
- variations in the geometries of the structural elements, in particular their cross-sectional regions can be embodied as variations in shape (number of corners, diameter).
- Variations in geometry can also be embodied as variations in substructure.
- a substructure can in particular be that a structural element, in particular its cross-sectional region, has at least two different areas with different refractive indices, in particular a core and a surrounding cladding (core-cladding system).
- a first type of structure element can have a polygonal shell and/or a polygonal core and a second type of structure element can have a round shell and a polygonal core (bottom row, first column).
- a first type of structural element can have a first refractive index and a first diameter and a second type of structural element can have a second refractive index and a second diameter (bottom row, second column); or a first type of structural element a core-shell system with a core of a first diameter and a second type of structural element a core-shell system with a core of a second diameter (bottom row, third column); or a first type of structural elements a core-cladding system with a core having a first refractive index and a second type of structural elements a core-cladding system with a core having a second refractive index (bottom row, fourth column); or a first type of structural elements having a first diameter and a rotation about a pivot point external to the structural element and a second type of structural elements having a second diameter and a rotation about a pivot point external to the structural element (bottom row, fifth column), or a first type of structural elements a core-shell system with a centered core and a second type
- FIG. 6a shows an image guide 20 which is comparable in some respects to the image guide of FIG. 4c.
- the image conductor has a first structural element 100a, which can be in the form of a matrix material, for example.
- the image conductor has a multiplicity of structural elements 100b, which can be formed, for example, as cavities in the matrix material.
- the structure elements 100b lie on periodic locations, but not all periodic locations are occupied by a structure element. 6a thus shows a case of an image guide 20, in which the structural elements or their cross-sectional regions have an uneven arrangement which is clearly defined by a predetermined rule.
- the term of the arrangement is to be understood to the effect that the or some of the structural elements or their cross-sectional regions lie on periodic sites, with some of the periodic sites being occupied and some of the periodic sites being unoccupied.
- the structure element 100a to comprise infrared-transmissive material.
- the structure elements 100b to comprise infrared-transmissive material, in particular if these structure elements are designed as filled cavities.
- both the structural element 100a and the structural elements 100b can also comprise infrared-transmissive material, with different infrared-transmissive materials preferably being provided for the two types.
- FIG. 6b shows an image guide which in some respects is comparable to the image guides from FIG. 4f.
- the image conductor has a first structural element 100a, which can be embodied as a matrix material, for example. Furthermore, the image conductor has a multiplicity of structure elements 100b with a first diameter and a multiplicity of structure elements 100c with a second diameter. In this example, the structure elements are positioned aperiodically. 6b thus shows a case of an image guide 20, the structural elements or their cross-sectional regions having an uneven arrangement.
- the term arrangement is to be understood here to mean that the or some of the structural elements or their cross-sectional regions are positioned aperiodically and/or the structural elements exhibit a variation among themselves which is formed unevenly, the variation being formed as two types of structural elements, e.g. with different diameters.
- the structural element 100a to comprise infrared-transmissive material.
- the structure elements 100b and/or 100c to comprise infrared-transmissive material, in particular if these structure elements are designed as filled cavities.
- both the structural element 100a and the structural elements 100b and/or 100c can also comprise infrared-transmissive material, with different infrared-transmissive materials preferably being provided for the types.
- At least one structural element of an image guide 20 is therefore in particular transmissive for a wavelength in the infrared range, for example for a wavelength in the range from 1 pm to 14 pm.
- the image guide 20 can have an attenuation in the IR Have wavelength range between at least 1 pm and 14 pm of, for example, below 3 dB / m.
- Materials with or made of heavy metal oxides or chalcogenide glasses are used for the optical element or elements and/or the structural elements of the image guide.
- Glasses for example multi-component glasses, or quartz glass can optionally also be used in the near IR range. Quartz glass is understood here not only to mean those that consist of pure SiO2, but also its modifications, for example fluorine-doped variants, which have a smaller refractive index than the pure variant.
- the IR materials can include crystals or ceramics. The choice of material classes depends in particular on the temperature difference T1-T2 and the IR wavelength range and the compatibility in or for a manufacturing process for at least parts of an image conductor.
- the invention makes it possible to use an image guide within an IR system and to achieve better coordination of the image guide with an IR system and thermal imaging technology, for example detector units or infrared cameras.
- the image guide can consist of a large number of optical fibers that are compatible with thermal imaging technology.
- the invention allows IR images to be recorded at any position are located, e.g. behind a corner, inside a body or a machine, inside a dangerous environment, generally in or in places, points or components that are difficult or not safe to access, etc. This may also be due to something that is only translucent in the visible area (VIS). or even an opaque obstacle such as an enclosure.
- VIS visible area
- the NETD value can also be understood as the temperature difference of the object or within a subject, which is required to generate an electrical signal in or on a detector or detector unit that corresponds at least to the mean square noise of the Detector or its image acquisition chip and or the associated electronics corresponds. It can be expressed with the following equation in some cases.
- the variables f# opticals number or f-number
- Af electronics bandpass, noise equivalent electrical bandwidth
- A detector area
- M* refer to the specifications of the detector or the optical systems, including their wavelength-dependent sensitivity .
- top is the percentage of transmission through the optics of the system (e.g. lenses and fiber bundles). A high transmission through the fiber bundle can thus contribute to a low NETD, with which small temperature differences can already or can still be detected or the smallest, meaningfully detectable temperature difference of the IR image system can be specified.
- MTF modulation transfer function
- the contrast value M of an observed scene or the captured image can be defined as follows: where Imax denotes the highest signal intensity and Imin the lowest signal intensity.
- the MTF at a given line frequency is the ratio between the theoretical contrast (M-meoreticai) between the object and the background and the contrast observed in the image (Mi age) taken with the optical system:
- M-meoreticai the theoretical contrast
- Mi age the contrast observed in the image taken with the optical system
- the influence of a fiber optic bundle and a detector on the MTF can sometimes be strong and can be approximately characterized using simple geometric considerations. Both detectors and fiber bundles can be characterized by a two-dimensional pattern in which the elements are at a certain distance from one another, which is also referred to as pitch, i.e. the distance from center to center. For example, if one considers a detector with a pixel spacing of 15 pm, it is usually unable to detect contrasts at a smaller scale or distance from the detector than 15 pm.
- the resolution R of a detector
- an MRTD value (minimum resolvable temperature difference) can be calculated, for example, as follows:
- a minimum temperature difference that can actually be observed in the captured image can be calculated.
- the NETD value can also be thought of as the temperature difference between the background and the target that gives a signal-to-noise ratio of 1, or simply put as the minimum temperature difference that can be distinguished between the background and the target.
- the MRTD value, related to the NETD value can also be thought of as the minimum temperature difference between two objects that can be observed.
- the NETD value may depend on parameters that are not specified by the Image conductors such as atmospheric conditions and the strength of the signal are external factors that depend on the scene, object or subject and are not controllable.
- the pixel size and the specific defectivity depend on the quality of the detector, the spatial resolution depends on the wavelength, the size of the aperture can be specified by the detector or with a detector unit and can determine the depth of field.
- the image guide can influence the strength of the signal, e.g. through absorption of the signal in or through its material, i.e. the attenuation of the signal in or through the image guide or the materials contained in it, and/or through the pixel size, e.g. if the Pixels in the light guide bundle are different from the position and/or size and/or geometry of the pixels of the detector. This is particularly the case when the size of the pixels of the bundle of light guides is larger than or possibly the same as the size of the pixels of the detector. A pixel-perfect arrangement.
- Alignment or imaging, for example by upstream optics or an optical element, of the pixels of the light guide compared to the pixels of the detector is preferred.
- Alignment or imaging, for example by upstream optics or an optical element, of the pixels of the light guide compared to the pixels of the detector is preferred.
- an essentially 1:1 alignment, arrangement or overlapping is aimed for, so that ideally the pixels are congruent in terms of their position or coverage, e.g. opposite one another.
- the pixels of an image guide are essentially round or, if necessary, embedded in a hexagonal superstructure essentially round
- the pixels of a detector are often rectangular, in particular square, so that the size of a pixel of the image guide preferably corresponds to the diameter of the smallest circle, is at least not larger than that which can be inscribed in such a rectangle, possibly also in several adjacent pixels, which, for example, corresponds to the inscribed circle of a square pixel of the detector.
- the crosstalk can be influenced and/or minimized, for example, by the choice of materials for the core and cladding with their difference in refractive index. This can be used, for example, to achieve a high packing density of the image-conducting elements or to increase or at least predetermine the fiber density in the bundle and thus the surface of the distal end surface of the fiber bundle or image guide that can be used for imaging and/or connect it to a detector or .adjust its pixel size and spacing.
- crosstalk there are basically several ways to describe the crosstalk in a bundle of optical fibers, whereby the special features of thermal imaging technology are usually not discussed.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US202263268199P | 2022-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | |
| DE102022107936.8A DE102022107936A1 (de) | 2022-02-18 | 2022-04-04 | Infrarotbildsystem und Bildleiter zur Infrarotbildübertragung |
| PCT/EP2023/053739 WO2023156446A1 (de) | 2022-02-18 | 2023-02-15 | Infrarotbildsystem und bildleiter zur infrarotbildübertragung |
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| EP4479782A1 true EP4479782A1 (de) | 2024-12-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP23706290.6A Pending EP4479782A1 (de) | 2022-02-18 | 2023-02-15 | Infrarotbildsystem und bildleiter zur infrarotbildübertragung |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20250159325A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4479782A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023156446A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005022900A2 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-03-10 | Redshift Systems Corporation | Infrared camera system |
| JP2018536189A (ja) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-12-06 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | ランダムなコア構造を有するマルチコア光ファイバ |
| DE102019115146B4 (de) * | 2019-06-05 | 2021-01-14 | Schott Ag | Optisches Gerät, Verwendungen des optischen Gerätes, Fahrzeug oder Beobachtungsstation mit dem optischen Gerät sowie Verfahren zur hochauflösenden Bildübertragung |
| DE102020116444A1 (de) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-23 | Schott Ag | Wellenleiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wellenleiters |
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2023
- 2023-02-15 EP EP23706290.6A patent/EP4479782A1/de active Pending
- 2023-02-15 US US18/839,082 patent/US20250159325A1/en active Pending
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| WO2023156446A1 (de) | 2023-08-24 |
| US20250159325A1 (en) | 2025-05-15 |
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