EP4475988A1 - Funktionalisierte aktivkohle als adsorptionsmittel für die abscheidung von coaus der atmosphärenluft - Google Patents
Funktionalisierte aktivkohle als adsorptionsmittel für die abscheidung von coaus der atmosphärenluftInfo
- Publication number
- EP4475988A1 EP4475988A1 EP23704081.1A EP23704081A EP4475988A1 EP 4475988 A1 EP4475988 A1 EP 4475988A1 EP 23704081 A EP23704081 A EP 23704081A EP 4475988 A1 EP4475988 A1 EP 4475988A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adsorbent
- activated carbon
- aminotrialkoxysilane
- adsorption
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
- B01J20/3257—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one of the heteroatoms nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur together with at least one silicon atom, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0462—Temperature swing adsorption
Definitions
- the invention relates to functionalized activated carbon suitable for separating carbon dioxide (CO2) from atmospheric air, its production and its use in a method for separating CO2 from atmospheric air.
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- DAC Direct Air Capture
- a challenge is the development of efficient adsorption materials that have a high CC>2 adsorption capacity and require low energy expenditure for desorption.
- the thermal properties of the adsorption materials represent an effective lever for the application of DAC technologies on an industrial scale.
- Adsorption materials are known from US 2013/0095996 A1, US 2017/0239609 A1 and CN 104607073 B1. However, the solutions known from the prior art are still unsatisfactory.
- Classical adsorption materials include, for example, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the zeolites, amine-functionalized mesoporous materials and polymer-based adsorbers.
- MOFs metal-organic frameworks
- zeolites zeolites
- amine-functionalized mesoporous materials amine-functionalized mesoporous materials
- polymer-based adsorbers e.g., amine-functionalized mesoporous materials.
- the invention is based on the object of providing materials that are specifically tailored to the requirements that the industrial separation of CO2 from the Atmospheric air, in particular the Direct Air Capture technology (DAC technology), and in particular is able to combine high adsorption capacity with economic advantages.
- DAC technology Direct Air Capture technology
- an adsorbent made of activated carbon which has been functionalized with an aminotrialkoxysilane and is suitable for separating CO2 from the air.
- Classic adsorption materials such as Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), zeolites and polymers, have relatively low thermal conductivity. This circumstance requires significantly more time and energy for heating and cooling. Both have a negative impact on the efficiency of the adsorption materials, especially in the case of DAC technology.
- MOFs Metal Organic Frameworks
- zeolites and polymers have relatively low thermal conductivity. This circumstance requires significantly more time and energy for heating and cooling. Both have a negative impact on the efficiency of the adsorption materials, especially in the case of DAC technology.
- the amine-functionalized adsorbents described here offer an efficient way of combining high adsorption capacity with economic advantages. It has now been found in connection with the invention that this is made possible in particular by adapting the thermal conductivity.
- the adsorption materials are chosen in such a way that the energy for the desorption and the associated heating and cooling phase is reduced to a minimum.
- the thermal properties of the adsorption materials also play a decisive role here. This is precisely what the present invention achieves.
- Activated charcoal within the meaning of the present application is combustible and consists predominantly of carbon, the carbon content preferably being at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, preferably at least 98% by weight.
- the activated carbon has a porous structure, with the pores being open-pored and interconnected like a sponge.
- the inner surface is preferably between 300 and 2000 m 2 /g coal.
- the density of the activated carbon is preferably in the range from 0.2 to 0.6 g/cm 3 .
- Activated charcoal can be obtained from a variety of sources. In most cases, this is made from plant, animal, mineral or petrochemical substances such as lignite or hard coal. Various types of activated carbon are known in the prior art. Such starting materials as wood, peat, coconut fiber and nut shells are also referred to as biochar. Activated charcoal made from animal material is called animal charcoal. Sugar charcoal is an activated charcoal that is made from glucose or another sugar as a starting material.
- Gas activation and chemical activation should be mentioned for production and activation.
- chemical activation manufacturing a mixture of uncharred raw material is treated with chemicals. This is generally done by using dehydrating agents, especially zinc chloride or phosphoric acid, preferably at 500 to 900°C.
- dehydrating agents especially zinc chloride or phosphoric acid, preferably at 500 to 900°C.
- Another process is dry distillation, also known as coking, in which the material is heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere and volatile components are driven off at temperatures around 800 °C.
- the raw activated carbon obtained in this way is then activated by oxidation at 700 to 1000 °C with steam or carbon dioxide, sometimes also with air. During this activation, part of the carbon is converted into carbon monoxide using the water gas process, which creates additional pores and increases the surface area of the carbon.
- the activated carbon obtained can be used in particular for the production of the adsorbent according to the invention.
- the adsorbent preferably has an activated carbon content of at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 85% by weight, based on the mass of the entire adsorbent. More preferably, the adsorbent consists of activated carbon and differs from substrates coated only with activated carbon.
- the adsorption material is described wherein the aminotrialkoxysilane is a (3-aminoalkyl)trialkoxysilane.
- the aminotrialkoxysilane is a (3-aminoalkyl)triethoxysilane. According to a further preferred embodiment, the aminotrialkoxysilane is a (3-aminopropyl)trialkoxysilane.
- the aminotrialkoxysilane is a (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane.
- the adsorption material is described, wherein the activated charcoal is designed as an essentially microporous activated charcoal.
- the porosity is a physically relevant parameter for description.
- the porosity, or pore fraction is a measure of the pores, and thus the free spaces, in a material. It is the fraction of the volume of the pores over the total volume and takes values between 0 and 1 or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
- Empirical measurements of porosity typically determine "accessible void space", the total void space accessible from the surface.
- the porosity refers to the entire cavity of the activated carbon. According to a further preferred embodiment, the porosity relates to the cavity accessible to gases, in particular CO2.
- the measurement of the inner surface can be determined here by gas binding, in particular by adsorption of CO2.
- micropores of no more than 2 nm micropores of no more than 2 nm, mesopores from 2 to 50 nm and macropores of more than 50 nm.
- the mean diameter of the pores is based on the diameter of a pore, ie the average diametral distance between two points at the pore entrance.
- Mesopores are the access routes for gases or liquids into the interior of the carbon and are significantly involved in diffusion and mass transport processes in deeper areas of the grain.
- the activated carbon preferably has an essentially mesoporous structure.
- substantially mesoporous means activated carbon having a proportion of mesoporous pores based on the total number of pores of at least 50%, more preferably at least 70%.
- Such an essentially microporous structure has proven to be particularly easy to functionalize and enables the efficient adsorption of CO2.
- aminotrialkoxysilane was well suited for the functionalization of the microporous structure, as this essentially preserved it.
- a method of making the adsorbent comprising functionalizing activated carbon with aminotrialkoxysilane in a solvent.
- the method for producing the adsorbent is described, with an alcohol being used as the solvent.
- the method for producing the adsorbent is described, with methanol being used as the solvent.
- a process is preferably described in which an acidic or basic pretreatment takes place before the functionalization with the aminotrialkoxysilane.
- an acidic or basic pretreatment takes place before the functionalization with the aminotrialkoxysilane.
- Such an essentially microporous structure has proven to be particularly easy to functionalize and enables the efficient adsorption of CO2.
- the method described is suitable for functionalizing activated carbon with an essentially microporous structure. Preserving the microporous structure of the activated carbon is particularly important for efficient use in the DAC process. This is achieved by the procedure described here, in particular the use of the aminotrialkoxysilane in a methanol solvent. Other functionalization procedures reduce or destroy the microporous structure of the activated carbon.
- the method for producing the adsorbent is described, the aminotrialkoxysilane being present in an amount of less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, based on the amount of solvent used. Under the further process conditions, such an amount of aminotrialkoxysilane is found to be optimal for the required functionalization.
- a method for separating CC 1 from air using the adsorbent is described, wherein the adsorbent is brought into contact with atmospheric air in an adsorption step.
- the method for separating CO2 from the air using the adsorbent is described, the adsorbent being released in a desorption step.
- the method for separating CO2 from the air using the adsorbent is described, the method being designed as a DAC method.
- the CO2 obtained can now be reused.
- the use of renewable raw materials is an effective lever for improving the overall CO2 balance of vehicles.
- sustainable polymer solutions are becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry based on the life cycle analysis of motor vehicles.
- the CO2 obtained using the functionalized adsorption material using the DAC process can be used in particular for synthesis purposes.
- Thermoplastic polymers based on bound CO2 not only have the properties of easy processing, in the form of forming processes, but also a property profile specified for the respective application and have a negative CO2 balance over the product life cycle.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a DAC process for separating CO2 from atmospheric air.
- the DAC device is configured as a single unit comprising the activated carbon adsorbent of the invention functionalized with an aminotrialkoxysilane.
- the adsorption (10) and desorption or regeneration (20) can take place one after the other.
- the system With adsorption 10, the system is opened in the first step and atmospheric air flows in without any further aids or with the help of fans. At ambient temperature, CO2 chemically binds to the CC>2 depleted air and exits the system 11. This step is complete when the sorbent of the invention is fully saturated with CO2. In the next step, the fans are switched off, the inlet valve is closed and the residual air is guided out of the system either through a pressure drop 4 by suction or the introduction of steam.
- the regeneration 20 then takes place by heating the system to a specific temperature 3.
- the adsorbent according to the invention made from activated carbon which has been functionalized with an aminotrialkoxysilane now effectively releases the CO2.
- the released CO2 is collected and transported out of the system for cleaning, compression or recycling. To start another cycle, the system should be cooled to ambient conditions.
- a 0.25% by weight solution of aminotrialkoxysilane (APTM) in methanol is prepared. Then so much activated carbon is added that it just barely completely covered with solution. The solution is then stirred until the methanol has completely evaporated.
- APTM aminotrialkoxysilane
- Such an essentially microporous structure has proven to be particularly easy to functionalize and enables the efficient adsorption of CO2.
- the method described is suitable for functionalizing activated carbon with an essentially microporous structure. Preserving the microporous structure of the activated carbon is particularly important for efficient use in the DAC process. This is achieved by the procedure described here, in particular the use of the aminotrialkoxysilane in a methanol solvent. Other functionalization procedures reduce or destroy the microporous structure of the activated carbon.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022103174.8A DE102022103174A1 (de) | 2022-02-10 | 2022-02-10 | Funktionalisierte Aktivkohle als Adsorptionsmittel für die Abscheidung von CO2 aus der Atmosphärenluft |
| PCT/EP2023/052770 WO2023152072A1 (de) | 2022-02-10 | 2023-02-06 | Funktionalisierte aktivkohle als adsorptionsmittel für die abscheidung von co2 aus der atmosphärenluft |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4475988A1 true EP4475988A1 (de) | 2024-12-18 |
Family
ID=85202203
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23704081.1A Pending EP4475988A1 (de) | 2022-02-10 | 2023-02-06 | Funktionalisierte aktivkohle als adsorptionsmittel für die abscheidung von coaus der atmosphärenluft |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4475988A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022103174A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023152072A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7767004B2 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2010-08-03 | University Of Ottawa | Functionalized adsorbent for removal of acid gases and use thereof |
| US9457340B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2016-10-04 | Basf Corporation | Methods of applying a sorbent coating on a substrate, a support, and/or a substrate coated with a support |
| ES2436856B1 (es) * | 2012-05-31 | 2014-09-29 | Instalaciones Inabensa, S.A. | Carbón mesoestructurado funcionalizado con grupos amino, método de síntesis y aplicación en captura de CO2 |
| CN103143333A (zh) | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-12 | 河海大学 | 一种活性炭吸附剂的改性方法及其应用 |
| JP2016041985A (ja) | 2014-08-14 | 2016-03-31 | 富士通株式会社 | 吸着式ヒートポンプ用吸着剤、及びその製造方法、並びに吸着式ヒートポンプ |
| CN107073384B (zh) | 2014-09-12 | 2020-07-31 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 用于交通工具的乘客舱室中的空气的二氧化碳去除的系统和方法 |
| CN104607073B (zh) | 2014-12-26 | 2016-11-16 | 清华大学 | 一种用于从含有co2的溶液中解吸co2的膜及其制备方法 |
| FR3061708B1 (fr) * | 2017-01-06 | 2021-10-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation de materiaux hybrides cœur-coquille |
| KR102071820B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-01-30 | 한국철도기술연구원 | 항균 및 항바이러스 기능이 부여된 활성 탄소 섬유의 제조방법 |
| WO2020254208A1 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-24 | Climeworks Ag | Adsorber structure for gas separation processes |
| CN111559745A (zh) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-08-21 | 湖南城市学院 | 一种吸附co2的固体材料go的制备与改性方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-02-10 DE DE102022103174.8A patent/DE102022103174A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-02-06 WO PCT/EP2023/052770 patent/WO2023152072A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-06 EP EP23704081.1A patent/EP4475988A1/de active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SAARONI MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR ABDUL WAHAB ET AL: "CO2 Adsorption Using 3-Triethoxysilylpropylamine (APTES)-Modified Commercial Rice Husk Activated Carbon", 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): EMPOWERING ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING NEXUS THROUGH GREEN TECHNOLOGY, vol. 2124, 23 July 2019 (2019-07-23), pages 1 - 7, XP093379826, DOI: 10.1063/1.5117089 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023152072A1 (de) | 2023-08-17 |
| DE102022103174A1 (de) | 2023-08-10 |
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