EP4436877A1 - Luftfahrzeugkomponente und luftfahrzeug - Google Patents
Luftfahrzeugkomponente und luftfahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4436877A1 EP4436877A1 EP22829843.6A EP22829843A EP4436877A1 EP 4436877 A1 EP4436877 A1 EP 4436877A1 EP 22829843 A EP22829843 A EP 22829843A EP 4436877 A1 EP4436877 A1 EP 4436877A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- sheet metal
- surface milling
- area
- aircraft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/26—Construction, shape, or attachment of separate skins, e.g. panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/18—Spars; Ribs; Stringers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/92—Making other particular articles other parts for aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/13—Surface milling of plates, sheets or strips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/10—Manufacturing or assembling aircraft, e.g. jigs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
- B23B2215/04—Aircraft components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/04—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/01—Aircraft parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C2001/0054—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials
- B64C2001/0081—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials from metallic materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Definitions
- the invention relates to an aircraft component according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to an aircraft according to claim 10, a method according to claim 12, an aircraft component according to claim 18 and an aircraft according to claim 19.
- Aircraft should typically be safe, but at the same time energy-efficient.
- the aim of the invention is to eliminate or at least to reduce the above disadvantages.
- an aircraft component comprising a sheet metal, the sheet metal comprising a normal area and a first surface milling area, a sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the normal area being greater than a sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the first surface milling area.
- a surface milling area in the sense of this description is a flat area in which material of a sheet metal has been removed in such a way, in particular by means of milling and/or by means of a milling tool, that the thickness of the sheet metal in this surface milling area is less than in a normal area of the sheet metal , in which there is no surface milling.
- the invention solves the problem in that the reduction in the sheet metal thickness in the first surface milling area results in a weight reduction compared to a comparable aircraft component in which the sheet metal has a constant sheet metal thickness and no surface milling area with a reduced sheet metal thickness.
- the inventors have surprisingly found that such an aircraft component is comparatively easy to manufacture when sheet metal for such aircraft components is cut using high-speed milling machines.
- the contours of such metal sheets are cut out, for example, from rectangular sheets of aluminum (also referred to as blanks) using high-speed milling (also referred to as high-speed cutting).
- high-speed milling also referred to as high-speed cutting.
- the inventors have recognized that the described surface milling areas can also be produced on the machines which are used for this high-speed milling, namely by removing sheet metal in certain areas of the blanks. This surface milling can, for example, be carried out in a first work step before the contours are milled out.
- the circuit board can then simply remain in the high-speed milling machine, and the contours can then be milled out using high-speed milling or holes or the like can be produced in the circuit boards (the holes can either be produced first and then the contours milled out or vice versa).
- the holes can either be produced first and then the contours milled out or vice versa.
- Surface milling reduces the volume of the sheet metal, which leads to a reduction in the weight of the aircraft component. If such aircraft components are then installed in aircraft, a considerable weight reduction can be achieved, which improves the energy efficiency of the aircraft.
- the surface milling area not by mechanical milling but by chemical milling (also referred to as chemical etching) in the metal sheet.
- chemical milling can be accomplished, for example, with concentrated caustic soda.
- the surface milling area is produced in the sheet metal by a combination of mechanical milling and chemical milling.
- the aircraft component is an aircraft component.
- a considerable weight reduction can be achieved, particularly in aircraft in which large quantities of sheet metal are installed.
- the aircraft component it is also possible for the aircraft component not to be an aircraft component, but for example a helicopter component, a drone component or a component of a spacecraft.
- the vehicle component is not an aircraft component, but quite generally a vehicle component that is used in another vehicle, for example in a train, a car, a truck, a bus or a ship. In other words, it is not absolutely essential for the invention that the vehicle component is an aircraft component.
- a distance between a sheet metal edge and the first surface milling area is at least 10 cm, preferably at least 5 cm, particularly preferably at least 3 cm.
- the inventors have found that such distances lead to an advantageous relationship between sheet metal stability on the one hand and weight reduction on the other.
- the first surface milling area it is also conceivable for the first surface milling area to come closer to an edge of the sheet metal, for example up to 2 cm, 1 cm or all the way to the edge of the sheet metal, at least in certain sections of the aircraft component.
- the distance between the sheet metal edge and the first surface milling area is at least approximately 10 cm, preferably at least approximately 5 cm, particularly preferably at least approximately 3 cm, advantageously at least approximately 2 cm.
- a distance between a bending edge and the first surface milling area is at least 3 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, particularly preferably at least 1 cm.
- a “bend edge” is to be understood in particular as an edge at which a sheet metal blank is bent or can be bent by approximately 90 degrees, for example. The inventors have found that such distances between bending edges and the first surface milling area lead to an advantageous balance between stability in the bending area of the metal sheet on the one hand and weight reduction of the aircraft component on the other.
- minimum distances mentioned however, other minimum distances are also possible, for example minimum distances of at least 5 cm or approximately 0.5 cm.
- the first surface milling area may extend at least in places up to and/or beyond a bending edge.
- the term “approximately” is typically to be understood in such a way that it designates a possible tolerance of +/-15%, preferably +/-10%, advantageously +/-5%.
- the distance between the bending edge and the first surface milling area is at least approximately 3 cm, preferably at least approximately 2 cm, particularly preferably at least approximately 1 cm.
- the sheet metal includes a recess, with a distance between the recess and the first surface milling area at least 3 cm, preferably at least 2 cm, particularly preferably at least 1 cm.
- the inventors have found that such distances lead to a particularly good balance between stability in the area of recesses on the one hand and weight reduction of the aircraft components on the other.
- other minimum distances for example 5 cm or approximately 0.5 cm, are also conceivable.
- the first surface milling area to reach up to the recess at least in places.
- a “recess” means a hole or penetration in the metal sheet.
- the distance between the recess and the first surface milling area is at least approximately 3 cm, preferably at least approximately 2 cm, particularly preferably at least approximately 1 cm.
- the aircraft component is a wing element or an outer skin element or a frame element or a stringer element or a rib element or a cover element or another element.
- the inventors have recognized that a weight reduction can be achieved particularly well with such elements by means of the surface milling area described.
- the metal sheet is a light metal sheet, the light metal sheet preferably consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the sheet metal includes a second surface milling area, with a sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the second surface milling area being smaller than the sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the first surface milling area.
- a configuration of the aircraft component with two surface milling areas is advantageous because it allows more precise control of the balance between stability on the one hand and weight reduction on the other. For example, it is possible to retain the original thickness of the sheet metal in particularly stressed areas, to choose a thinner sheet thickness in less stressed areas, for example the first surface milling area, and to select an even thinner sheet thickness in sheet metal areas that are even less stressed, for example the second surface milling area .
- the sheet metal includes a further surface milling area, with a sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the further surface milling area being smaller than the sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the second surface milling area.
- a sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the further surface milling area is smaller than the sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the second surface milling area.
- the sheet metal thickness in the normal range is approximately 1.27 mm. In typical embodiments, the sheet metal thickness in the first surface milling area and/or in the second surface milling area and/or in the or a further surface milling area is approximately 1 mm. In typical embodiments, the sheet metal thickness in the first surface milling area and/or in the second surface milling area and/or in the or a further surface milling area is approximately 0.8 mm. In typical embodiments, the sheet metal thickness in the first surface milling area and/or in the second surface milling area and/or in the or a further surface milling area is approximately 0.6 mm.
- the surface milling areas make up at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, advantageously at least 80% of a total area of the sheet metal.
- the bending edge and the recess can also be applied to the second surface milling area and all other surface milling areas: all these surface milling areas can, like the first surface milling area, have these distances from a bending edge and / or have a recess and / or a sheet metal edge of the sheet.
- an aircraft comprising an aircraft component according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above, the aircraft preferably being an airplane.
- the aircraft comprises a plurality of aircraft components corresponding to at least one of the exemplary embodiments described above, the plurality of aircraft components preferably having at least one wing element and/or an outer skin element and/or a frame element and/or a stringer element and/or a rib element and/or a covering element and/or another element.
- a method according to the invention for manufacturing an aircraft component includes a surface milling process, in the course of which material is removed from a sheet metal blank in such a way that the sheet metal with the normal area and the first surface milling area is formed.
- the sheet metal blank can be, for example, one of the rectangular aluminum sheets or blanks mentioned at the outset.
- the sheet metal blank can also be a workpiece that has already been contour-milled, ie a sheet metal which is no longer a rectangular sheet of aluminum but typically already has a special, more complex contour.
- Constant thickness means that the thickness of the sheet metal blank does not vary, in other words that the sheet metal blank has the same thickness everywhere.
- material, ie sheet metal is typically removed at certain points of the sheet metal blank, typically in a flat area, and not at other points. "Remove material or sheet metal" is to be understood in such a way that e.g. B.
- sheet metal is milled away, so that the thickness of the sheet metal blank is reduced where material is milled away. Material is thus typically removed by milling away.
- sheet metal particles are removed so that the sheet metal thickness is reduced in this surface milling area.
- the milling can be, for example, mechanical milling, e.g. B. by means of a mechanical milling machine, in particular a high-speed milling machine.
- typical embodiments may also involve chemical milling or other types of material removal, such as laser material removal or electron beam cutting.
- the surface milling area is typically where sheet metal has been removed; where no material has been removed is typically the normal range.
- first surface milling area is used because, as described above, there can also be a second surface milling area and even at least one further surface milling area in the sheet metal.
- the second surface milling area and optionally at least one further surface milling area are typically produced in the sheet metal, for example within the first surface milling area.
- a milling head also referred to as a milling tool with a milling head diameter of between 7 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 11 mm and 16 mm, preferably of approximately 13.5 mm, is typically used in the surface milling process.
- a contour milling process is typically performed.
- the inventors have found that in certain embodiments it can be advantageous to carry out the contour milling process after the surface milling process, because in this way a suction force with which the sheet metal blank is typically held on a machine table of the milling machine during milling can be maximized during the surface milling process.
- this suction force is smaller for sheet metal blanks that have already been contour-milled because their area is already reduced compared to the rectangular aluminum sheets.
- the method includes a forming process during which the metal sheet is formed, preferably by means of fluid pressing, with the forming process being carried out after the surface milling process.
- the forming includes, for example, bending at the aforementioned bending edges and/or the production of essentially conical bends at recesses or the like.
- the forming process includes a table assembly step, a covering step and a pressing step.
- the table-equipment step includes a mold-positioning sub-step, in the context of which a mold is positioned on a machine table of a metalworking machine, preferably a fluid cell press.
- a mold is positioned on a machine table of a metalworking machine, preferably a fluid cell press.
- a plurality of molds are positioned on the machine table.
- the molds are not mounted on the machine table.
- the die or dies typically include positives of the shapes to be formed in the sheet metal.
- the table assembly step also includes a sheet metal positioning substep, during which the sheet metal is positioned on the forming tool.
- the table-equipment step preferably includes a fixing sub-step, during which the metal sheet is fixed on the mold, preferably with the aid of a fixing part and/or with the aid of at least one fixing pin.
- the fixing part is, for example, a sheet metal cover or a steel cover or a sheet metal cover or a steel cover.
- the fixing part includes at least one positive of a mold that is to be molded into the metal sheet and/or molded onto the metal sheet.
- the fixing part is curved.
- the fixing part is curved and includes a plurality of cone shapes.
- cone shapes are typically suitable for deforming round recesses in the metal sheet in such a way that conically bent edges on the round recesses are produced in the metal sheet.
- the inventors have found that a curvature of the fixing part, in particular a concave or convex curvature, can be advantageous in certain cases because such a Press-on pressure of the fixing part can be homogenized on the sheet metal as part of the forming process.
- the masking step includes a first full masking sub-step of placing a first masking mat over all of the molds and the sheets positioned thereon such that the first masking patch covers all of the molds and the sheets positioned thereon.
- the covering step preferably further comprises a second complete covering partial step, in the course of which a second covering mat is placed on the first covering mat, so that the second covering mat covers the first covering mat.
- the second cover mat is typically rolled successively onto the first cover mat before the machine table moves into a pressing area of a fluid cell press.
- the covering step also preferably includes a partial covering sub-step, during which a partial covering mat is placed on at least one combination of mold and sheet metal positioned on the molding tool (and possibly on the fixing part and fixing pins, if present), so that the partial covering mat covers the combination of mold and metal sheet positioned on the forming tool (and if applicable fixing part and if necessary fixing pins, if present), wherein the partial covering sub-step is preferably carried out before the first complete covering sub-step.
- several combinations of the forming tool and sheet metal positioned on the forming tool are positioned on the machine table and several of these combinations, for example two, three, four or five combinations, are each covered with a partial covering mat.
- the inventors have found in experiments that better forming results can sometimes be achieved with the aid of such cover mats and/or partial cover mats.
- the pressing step includes a retraction sub-step, during which the loaded machine table is moved into a press area, and a fluid press sub-step, during which the loaded machine table is subjected to oil pressure in the pressing area, so that the sheet metal is formed.
- the oil pressure is applied to the first cover mat or the second cover mat, which means that the metal sheets are indirectly acted upon by the oil pressure.
- a pressing area membrane is preferably arranged in the pressing area, behind which the oil for generating the oil pressure is arranged, so that the oil of the fluid cell press, in which the pressing area is typically located, does not come into contact with the first and/or the second cover mat and thus leading to contamination.
- the machine table is typically moved out of the press area and the formed metal sheets are removed.
- the described forming process is followed by further forming processes, at least for some metal sheets, in particular comprising one or more of the steps and/or partial steps described.
- the inventors have found in tests that, with the help of a plurality of successive forming processes as described above, more precise forming can be achieved on the sheets in some cases, which can reduce the need for subsequent reshaping of the formed sheets.
- the forming process can also be carried out as an independent method, detached from the surface milling process.
- sheet metal for aircraft made of aluminum or aluminum alloys are formed, which have a constant thickness, i.e. do not include a surface milling area.
- the details described above and below for the forming process also apply analogously to cases in which such sheets are formed without surface milling areas.
- An aircraft component in an exemplary embodiment of the invention is generated using one of the methods described.
- An aircraft in one embodiment of the invention comprises an aircraft component that was created using one of the methods described above.
- the aircraft component is a direct product of one of the described methods for manufacturing an aircraft component and the aircraft comprises such an aircraft component which is a direct product of one of the described methods for manufacturing an aircraft component.
- FIG. 1 schematic representation of a metal sheet of an aircraft component in a first embodiment (top view);
- FIG. 2 Sheet metal from FIG. 1 in sectional view
- FIG. 3 schematic representation of a metal sheet of an aircraft component in a second embodiment (top view);
- FIG. 4 schematic representation of a metal sheet of an aircraft component in a third embodiment (top view);
- FIG. 5 schematic representation of a metal sheet of an aircraft component in a fourth embodiment (top view);
- FIG. 6 sheet metal from FIG. 5 in a sectional view
- FIG. 7 schematic representation of an aircraft according to the invention in an embodiment of the invention (bottom view);
- FIG. 8 schematic representation of an aircraft according to the invention in a further embodiment of the invention (bottom view);
- FIG. 9 schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention as a block diagram
- FIG. 10 schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention as a block diagram
- FIG. 11 schematic representation of a partial aspect of a method according to the invention in a side view.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sheet metal 1.1 of an aircraft component in a first embodiment in plan view.
- the sheet metal 1.1 comprises a normal area 5.1 and a first surface milling area 6.1.
- the sheet metal 1.1 also includes a sheet metal edge 8.
- the first surface milling area 6.1 does not quite reach the sheet metal edge 8. Rather, the first surface milling area 6.1 maintains a distance a from the edge 8 of the sheet metal.
- a sheet thickness of the sheet 1.1 in the normal area 5.1 is greater than a sheet thickness of the sheet 1.1 in the first surface milling area 6.1.
- a section line A - A' defines a vertical section through the sheet metal 1.1 shown in FIG. 1 in plan view.
- FIG. 2 shows the section AA 'through the sheet metal 1.1, which is shown in Figure 1 in plan view.
- FIG. 2 now clearly shows that the sheet metal 1.1 has a sheet thickness b.1 in the normal area 5.1, and that the sheet metal 1.1 is in the first surface milling area 6.1 has a sheet thickness c.1, the sheet thickness b.1 of the sheet 1 .1 in the normal range
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a metal sheet 1.2 of an aircraft component in a second embodiment in plan view.
- the sheet metal 1.2 also includes a normal area 5.2 and a first area milling area 6.2.
- the sheet thickness of the sheet 1.2 in the first surface milling area 6.2 is smaller than the sheet thickness of the sheet 1.2 in the normal area 5.2.
- the metal sheet 1.2 in FIG. 3 also includes a bending edge 9, which is shown in dashed lines.
- the metal sheet 1.2 can be bent by approximately 90 degrees at this bending edge, for example.
- the first surface milling area 6.2 maintains a distance d from the bending edge 9.
- material is saved in the first surface milling area 6.1, which leads to a weight saving, while at the same time the sheet metal 1.2 is kept sufficiently thick in the area of the bending edge 9 in order to have sufficiently high stability at the bending edge 9.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a sheet metal 1.3 of an aircraft component in a third embodiment in plan view.
- the sheet metal 1 .3 also includes a normal area 5.3 and a first area milling area 6.3.
- the metal sheet 1.3 is thicker in the normal area 5.3 than in the first surface milling area 6.3 (this is again not visible in FIG. 4, since FIG. 4 shows the metal sheet 1.3 in a plan view).
- the metal sheet 1.3 in FIG. 4 also includes a recess 10 in the form of a circular hole in the metal sheet 1.3.
- the first surface milling area 6.3 maintains a distance e from the recess 10. This saves material in the first surface milling area 6.3, which leads to a reduction in the weight of the metal sheet 1.3, while the greatest possible stability of the metal sheet 1.3 is maintained in the area of the recess 10.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a sheet metal 1.4 of an aircraft component in a fourth embodiment in plan view.
- the sheet metal 1.4 comprises a normal area 5.4 and a first surface milling area 6.4.
- a sheet thickness of the sheet 1.4 in the normal range 5.4 is greater than a sheet thickness of the sheet 1 .4 in the first surface milling area 6.4.
- the metal sheet 1.4 is thinner in the first surface milling area 6.4 than in the normal area 5.4.
- the sheet metal 1 .4 also includes a second surface milling area 7. In contrast to the first surface milling area 6.4, the second surface milling area 7 is not rectangular but elliptical.
- FIG. 5 also shows a section line B-B′, which runs vertically through the metal sheet 1.4 and intersects the normal area 5.4, the first surface milling area 6.4 and the second surface milling area 7.
- FIG. 6 now shows the metal sheet 1.4, which was already shown in a plan view in FIG. 5, in a sectional view BB'.
- FIG. 6 shows a sheet thickness b.4 in the normal area 5.4 of the sheet 1.4. Furthermore, there is a sheet thickness c.4 in the first surface milling area
- FIG. 6 is also a sheet thickness f of the sheet
- the sheet thickness c.4 of the first surface milling area 6.4 is smaller than the sheet thickness b.4 in the normal area 5.4.
- the sheet metal thickness f in the second surface milling area 7 is smaller than the sheet metal thickness c.4 in the first surface milling area 6.4.
- the sheet thickness f in the second surface milling area 7 is therefore also smaller than the sheet thickness b.4 in the normal area 5.4.
- the metal sheet 1.4 is thickest in the normal area 5.4 and thinnest in the second surface milling area 7.
- the sheet thickness c.4 lies between the sheet thickness b.4 of the normal area 5.4 and the sheet thickness f of the second surface milling area 7.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of an aircraft according to the invention in an embodiment of the invention in a view from below.
- FIG. 7 shows an aircraft 2.1, in particular a turboprop aircraft.
- the aircraft 2.1 includes a single propeller, which is located at the nose of the aircraft 2.1.
- the aircraft 2.1 includes a wing 3, which includes a sheet metal 1.5 of an aircraft component according to the invention.
- the metal sheet 1.5 can, for example, correspond to one of the metal sheets 1.1 to 1.4 of the previous embodiments or have a different shape or configuration.
- the aircraft component thus has the form of a sheet 1.5
- the sheet 1.5 a Includes normal area and a first surface milling area, wherein a sheet metal thickness of sheet metal 1.5 in the normal area is greater than a sheet metal thickness of sheet metal 1.5 in the first surface milling area.
- these different thicknesses of the metal sheet 1.5 are not shown in FIG. 7 for the sake of simplicity.
- the aircraft component, which is formed by sheet metal 1.5 in FIG. 7, is a wing element and is arranged in wing 3 of aircraft 2.1.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of an aircraft according to the invention in a further embodiment of the invention in a view from below.
- FIG. 8 shows an aircraft 2.2 which includes a fuselage 4.
- the aircraft 2.2 is a jet aircraft with two jet engines, which are arranged in the area of a tail of the aircraft 2.2.
- An aircraft component according to the invention comprising a sheet metal 1.6 is shown in the fuselage 4 .
- the aircraft component in FIG. 8 is an outer skin element of the aircraft 2.2, in particular an outer skin element on an underside of the fuselage 4 of the aircraft 2.2.
- the metal sheet 1.6 is shown only schematically in FIG. 8, which means that different thicknesses of the metal sheet 1.6 are not shown in FIG.
- sheet metal 1.6 in any case comprises a normal area and a first surface milling area, with a sheet metal thickness of sheet metal 1.6 in the normal area being greater than a sheet metal thickness of sheet metal 1.6 in the first surface milling area. It is possible, for example, that the metal sheet 1.6 is one of the metal sheets 1.1 to 1.4 shown in FIGS.
- a sheet metal is described as above, i.e. in particular a sheet metal with a normal area and a first surface milling area, wherein a sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the normal area is greater than a sheet metal thickness of the sheet metal in the first surface milling area, not in one aircraft, but used in another vehicle.
- another vehicle can be, for example, a train, a ship, a bus, a truck, a car or the like.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention as a block diagram.
- FIG Surface milling process P1 and a forming process P2 shown.
- material is removed in places from a sheet metal blank, resulting in a sheet metal with a normal area and a first surface milling area.
- a sheet thickness is then less than a sheet thickness in the normal area.
- the forming process P2 includes a table loading step S1, a covering step S2 and a pressing step S3.
- the table loading step S1 includes a mold positioning sub-step S1.1 and a sheet metal positioning sub-step S1.2.
- the mold positioning sub-step S1.1 at least one mold, typically made of steel, is positioned on a machine table of a fluid cell press. The mold is not fixed on the machine table, but simply placed on the machine table. In some embodiments, several molds are positioned on the machine table as part of the mold positioning sub-step S1.1.
- the sheet metal positioning sub-step S1.2 follows the mold positioning sub-step S1.1. As part of this sheet metal positioning sub-step S1.2, a sheet metal that has previously been treated as part of the surface milling process P1 is positioned on the forming tool.
- forming tools In a case where there are several forming tools, it is also possible that further sheets are positioned on the other forming tools.
- other workpieces in particular sheet metal, which have not previously been surface-milled, are also positioned on corresponding molds.
- the forming tools typically include male molds that correspond to the geometric shapes that are to be formed in the sheet or sheets or other workpieces.
- the subsequent covering step S2 comprises a first complete covering partial step S2.1 and a second complete covering partial step S2.2.
- the cover mat typically has a thickness between 3 mm and 3 cm, preferably between 5 mm and 2.5 cm, advantageously between 1 cm and 2 cm.
- the first cover mat is still from covered by a second cover mat, so that the molds on the machine table and the metal sheets placed on the molds are covered by the first cover mat and the second cover mat.
- the covering step S2 is followed by the pressing step S3, which includes a running-in sub-step S3.1 and a fluid-pressing sub-step S3.2.
- the loaded machine table including the first cover mat and the second cover mat, is moved into a pressing area of the fluid cell press.
- an oil pressure of approximately 1000 bar is applied to the second cover mat and thus also to the first cover mat and the metal sheets located on the forming tools and possibly other workpieces in the pressing area. This oil pressure causes the sheets to deform according to the shapes of the forming tools, in particular by flow deformation.
- the cover mats ensure a suitable pressure distribution over the entire machine table.
- the second cover mat is successively unrolled onto the first cover mat during the retraction sub-step S3.1.
- the covering step S2 and the pressing step S3, in particular the running-in partial step S3.1 overlap in advantageous embodiments.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention as a block diagram.
- the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 10 also includes a surface milling process P1 and a forming process P2.
- the surface milling process P1 corresponds exactly to the surface milling process P1, which is shown in FIG.
- the forming process P2 also includes a table assembly step S1, a covering step S2 and a pressing step S3.
- the pressing step S3 corresponds exactly to the pressing step S3 shown in FIG.
- fixing parts to z. B. to fix the sheets on the molds.
- These fixing parts can, for example, be fixed on the molds with the aid of fixing pins, which reach through the metal sheets and engage in the molds.
- a fixing part is applied to at least one metal sheet.
- some of these fixing parts comprise positive molds which are intended to be molded into the metal sheets.
- the covering step S2 also includes a partial step which was not yet shown in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 9, namely the partial covering partial step S2.3.
- This partial coverage sub-step S2.3 is performed in the coverage step S2 before the first complete coverage sub-step S2.1.
- a partial covering mat is arranged at least on a combination of a forming tool, a metal sheet positioned thereon and a fixing part positioned on the metal sheet.
- a partial covering mat is arranged on a combination of mold and sheet metal.
- the partial covering mat has a thickness of between 3 mm and 3 cm, preferably between 5 mm and 2.5 cm, advantageously between 1 cm and 2 cm.
- the partial cover mat consists of plastic, preferably the same plastic as the first cover mat. The inventors have found that the use of such partial covering mats can lead to more precise forming results for some metal sheets. With regard to the first complete coverage sub-step S3.1 and the second complete coverage sub-step S3.2, which are shown in FIG. 10, the explanations given above in relation to FIG. 9 otherwise apply.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a partial aspect of a method according to the invention in a side view.
- FIG. 11 shows a machine table 11 after the covering step S2 shown in FIG.
- Three forming tools 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 are positioned on the machine table 11.
- On the mold 12.1 is a metal sheet 1.7.
- Sheet metal 1.7 includes a surface milling area, which was previously created as part of a surface milling process became. However, this surface milling area cannot be seen in FIG. 11 because FIG. 11 is a side view and not a sectional view.
- a fixing part 14.1 is positioned on the sheet metal 1.7.
- Another workpiece 13 is positioned on the forming tool 12.2, ie a workpiece, e.g. B.
- a fixing part 14.2 is positioned on the other workpiece 13.
- a metal sheet 1.8 is placed on the forming tool 12.3.
- Sheet metal 1.8 includes a surface milling area, which was previously created as part of a surface milling process. However, this surface milling area cannot be seen in FIG. 11 because FIG. 11 is a side view and not a sectional view.
- On the sheet 1.8 is a fixing part 14.3. positioned.
- the combination of mold 12.3, sheet metal 1.8 and fixing part 14.3 is covered with a partial covering mat 17. As can be seen in FIG. 11, however, no such partial covering mat is arranged above the other fixing parts 14.1 and 14.2.
- the entire machine table is also covered by the first cover mat 15, which is thus located above the partial cover mat 17, the fixing part 14.2 and the fixing part 14.1.
- the first cover mat 15 is additionally covered by a second cover mat 16 .
- the representation shown in FIG. 11 is the arrangement that is present in the pressing area of the fluid cell press after the running-in partial step S3.1 has been carried out.
- the machine table is typically moved out of the pressing area again and the formed metal sheets and, if present, other workpieces are removed from the machine table.
- the forming tools, partial covering mats, covering mats, fixing parts and/or fixing pins, if present, are also removed from the machine table.
- At least one metal sheet is subjected to one, two, three or more further forming processes P2 as described with reference to FIGS. 9 and/or 10.
- Each of these further forming processes P2 can include a table assembly step S1 and/or a covering step S2 and/or a pressing step S3 and/or a mold positioning sub-step S1.1 and/or a sheet metal positioning sub-step S1.2 and /or a fixing sub-step S1.3 and/or a first complete covering sub-step S2.1 and/or a second Complete covering sub-step S2.2 and/or a partial covering sub-step S2.3 and/or a running-in sub-step S3.1 and/or a fluid-pressing sub-step S3.2.
- a plurality of metal sheets is subjected to one, two, three or more further forming processes P2 as described with reference to FIGS. 9 and/or 10.
- Each of these further forming processes P2 can include a table assembly step S1 and/or a covering step S2 and/or a pressing step S3 and/or a mold positioning sub-step S1.1 and/or a sheet metal positioning sub-step S1 .2 and/or or a fixing sub-step S1.3 and/or a first complete covering sub-step S2.1 and/or a second complete covering sub-step S2.2 and/or a partial covering sub-step S2.3 and/or a running-in sub-step S3.1 and/or a fluid press sub-step S3.2.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown here.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202021106391.2U DE202021106391U1 (de) | 2021-11-23 | 2021-11-23 | Luftfahrzeugkomponente und Luftfahrzeug |
| PCT/IB2022/061337 WO2023095022A1 (de) | 2021-11-23 | 2022-11-23 | Luftfahrzeugkomponente und luftfahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4436877A1 true EP4436877A1 (de) | 2024-10-02 |
Family
ID=79019444
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22829843.6A Pending EP4436877A1 (de) | 2021-11-23 | 2022-11-23 | Luftfahrzeugkomponente und luftfahrzeug |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4436877A1 (de) |
| CH (1) | CH719164B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE202021106391U1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023095022A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7093470B2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2006-08-22 | The Boeing Company | Methods of making integrally stiffened axial load carrying skin panels for primary aircraft structure and fuel tank structures |
| DE102004058013B8 (de) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-11-09 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Tragwerkstruktur mit einem integral profilartigen Versteifungselement für ein Flugzeug |
| DE102007055233A1 (de) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-28 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Kupplungsvorrichtung zum Zusammenfügen von Rumpfsektionen, Kombination aus einer Kupplungsvorrichtung und zumindest einer Rumpfsektion sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung der Kupplungsvorrichtung |
| CN102753279A (zh) * | 2010-02-15 | 2012-10-24 | 株式会社田中制作所 | 部件的制造方法及部件 |
| JP6151870B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-06-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | バッキングプレート、スパッタリングターゲットおよびそれらの製造方法 |
| KR101903654B1 (ko) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-10-02 | 대화항공산업 주식회사 | 플렉스 포밍 공정을 이용하고 트레이 교환 장치를 구비하는 판재성형장치 |
| FR3089946B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-01-08 | Airbus Operations Sas | structure d’un FUSELAGE D’UN aeronef présentant un panneau renforcé par un treillis |
-
2021
- 2021-11-23 DE DE202021106391.2U patent/DE202021106391U1/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-11-23 CH CH001399/2022A patent/CH719164B1/de unknown
- 2022-11-23 EP EP22829843.6A patent/EP4436877A1/de active Pending
- 2022-11-23 WO PCT/IB2022/061337 patent/WO2023095022A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023095022A1 (de) | 2023-06-01 |
| CH719164B1 (de) | 2024-07-15 |
| CH719164A2 (de) | 2023-05-31 |
| DE202021106391U1 (de) | 2021-11-29 |
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