EP4428317A1 - Procédé de construction et de rétromontage d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie ainsi que ouvrage de maçonnerie et bâtiment ainsi obtenu - Google Patents

Procédé de construction et de rétromontage d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie ainsi que ouvrage de maçonnerie et bâtiment ainsi obtenu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4428317A1
EP4428317A1 EP23212411.5A EP23212411A EP4428317A1 EP 4428317 A1 EP4428317 A1 EP 4428317A1 EP 23212411 A EP23212411 A EP 23212411A EP 4428317 A1 EP4428317 A1 EP 4428317A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
masonry
adhesive
water
stones
bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23212411.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Breidenbach
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4428317A1 publication Critical patent/EP4428317A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0273—Adhesive layers other than mortar between building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings
    • E04G23/081—Wrecking of buildings using hydrodemolition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for constructing a masonry according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a method for dismantling such a masonry, a masonry constructed accordingly, and buildings made of this masonry.
  • the thin-bed method is an efficient way of processing flat-ground solid building materials, such as flat bricks or flat stones in general.
  • the mortar or adhesive is applied in a thin layer, known as a mortar bed or adhesive bed, to a flat surface. Because of the small thickness of the mortar or adhesive bed, the method is referred to as the thin-bed method or, analogously, as the thin-bed mortar method or thin-bed adhesive method.
  • the next row of stones is then placed on the mortar or adhesive bed.
  • the flat surface can be, for example, an existing row of stones or another substrate prepared to a suitable quality. If, for example, the substrate of the wall to be built is uneven, a layer of kerbstones must first be laid at the base of the wall to compensate for the height. The further layers of flat stones can then be built on this substrate, which must be aligned vertically, flush and horizontally.
  • adhesives/mortars are primarily made from cementitious materials. Plastic adhesives have also been used for some time.
  • Mortar is generally used when referring to hydraulically hardening cement-based materials. Hydraulic hardening describes the setting of the mortar through a chemical reaction after the addition of water.
  • Plastic adhesives e.g. polyurethane, dispersion and epoxy resin adhesives, are usually used as adhesives.
  • Plan stones are particularly precisely manufactured bricks made from various materials.
  • the contact surfaces of the plan stones are more precise and parallel to the plane than conventional bricks, so that they can be moved using thin-bed mortar or plastic adhesives, as described above.
  • a butt joint is usually interlocked without mortar, which means that the bricks at the vertical butt joint interlock using a tongue and groove system, thus supporting the stability of the masonry.
  • Flat blocks are made from sand-lime, aerated concrete or bricks, for example. Hollow block flat blocks are also available. With hollow block flat blocks and bricks, the contact surfaces are ground flat after the concrete has hardened or the brick has been fired in order to achieve the precision and flatness required for flat blocks.
  • a stone wall is characterized by a higher proportion of stone and a lower proportion of mortar compared to a normal brick wall, the construction is also more resilient overall, i.e. more load-bearing. With the same compressive load-bearing capacity, a stone wall can be thinner than a wall made of normal bricks of the same material.
  • the construction industry is currently faced with the challenge of keeping the building materials used in closed technical or material cycles for as long as possible and with as little loss of quality as possible, generally referred to as the circular economy, or specifically in the construction sector with the buzzword circular construction.
  • This goes hand in hand with the requirement to plan and use building materials and raw materials for products and buildings in such a way that are to be used in such a way that they can either be preserved in the same quality and reused, i.e. kept in a technical cycle, or can be returned to the material cycle in a completely degradable manner.
  • the resources used can be kept in endless cycles, so to speak, and thus constantly reused, instead of being disposed of as waste.
  • the adhesives/mortars used bond the paving stones inseparably. This means that the adhesives/mortars and paving stones can no longer be separated from one another without causing damage.
  • the state of the art does not allow for the pure separation of materials and thus circular reuse.
  • the entire wall structure can only be crushed and reused as recycled material or something similar. This means that downcycling to a lower quality product takes place.
  • components of the adhesive/mortar may even be a pollutant, which further limits the reuse of the recyclate.
  • a method according to the invention for constructing a masonry from plan stones, in which several rows of plan stones are arranged one above the other and offset horizontally to one another and connected with an adhesive in a thin-bed process, is characterized in that a water-soluble adhesive is used as the adhesive.
  • Clay is characterized as a binding agent in that it hardens solely through the release of the mixing water, i.e. through drying. This process can be reversed at any time by adding more water.
  • the clay does not lose any of its material properties. This process can be repeated an unlimited number of times. By soaking it again, the clay glue or clay mortar comes off the paving stone or brick without leaving any damage.
  • Loam is a mixture of clay, sand and silt (fine sand), which varies regionally in its weight and composition.
  • the mixing ratio can therefore vary within defined limits, which also affects the quality and workability of the loam.
  • the paving stone can then be cleaned simply with water and can also be reused as new without any loss of quality.
  • the washing water produced during this process can also be cleaned by simple sedimentation and reused just like the sediment. It can also be returned uncleaned directly to the next processing step.
  • the water-soluble adhesive is advantageously used in a bed joint of the masonry.
  • Using the water-soluble adhesive preferably exclusively in the bed joint of the masonry results in a significant reduction in the number of joints within the masonry. This leads to fewer cold bridges and a higher proportion of plan blocks in the masonry. This makes the masonry more resilient overall, even if the materials are otherwise the same, and in particular increases the compressive strength.
  • a butt joint between adjacent plan stones is formed without mortar. This means that the proportion of joints in the masonry is reduced even further.
  • the stones are preferably interlocked at the butt joint with a tongue and groove connection.
  • the water-soluble adhesive is preferably applied with a maximum thickness of 4 mm, preferably using a mortar sledge. Applying the water-soluble adhesive using a mortar sledge simplifies processing and ensures a constant thickness of the adhesive bed.
  • the water-soluble adhesive In order to achieve the plasticity of the water-soluble adhesive required for processing in the thin-bed method, it is preferably made fiber-reinforced. Fibers incorporated into the adhesive can lead to increased plasticity and improved absorption of tensile and shear forces, making the water-soluble adhesive even more suitable for laying flat bricks.
  • a plaster made of a water-soluble material preferably a clay-based plaster
  • a water-soluble plaster not only the masonry but also the plaster can be optimally recycled. Because the plaster can be washed off, the masonry can be optimally separated from it.
  • a thermal insulation composite system can be applied to the masonry using a water-soluble adhesive, preferably a clay-based adhesive.
  • a thermal insulation composite system bonded in a water-soluble manner can protect the masonry from the effects of the weather, but can also be separated again and dismantled without damage by adding water to the adhesive layer.
  • a method according to the invention for dismantling a masonry, created according to the above description, is characterized in that the masonry is moistened and then dismantled section by section.
  • the individual paving stones or sections are cleaned of adhesive residues. This can include cleaning with water.
  • the paving stones or sections of paving stones can be soaked in a water bath or a type of washing machine with water and completely freed of adhesive using rotating brushes, for example.
  • the invention also relates to a masonry structure and a building with masonry constructed using the method described above.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a masonry 1 created by means of the method of the present application.
  • the individual plan stones 3 have a central hole 9 running vertically through the stone, which on the one hand reduces the weight of the plan stones 3 used and on the other hand serves to grip the plan stones 3.
  • the individual plan stones 3 are vertically interlocked with one another by means of a tongue and groove connection 11, so that the butt joint 7 thus formed can be designed without mortar.
  • an adhesive bed 13 is applied using a mortar sledge.
  • the adhesive bed 13 is made of a water-soluble, clay-based adhesive 6.
  • the adhesive bed 13 for the bed joint 5 is applied in a thickness of v to 4 mm.
  • the next row of plan blocks 3 is then laid in a composite manner on the adhesive bed 13 applied in this way.
  • the clay-based adhesive 6 is preferably fiber-reinforced so that the adhesive 6 can absorb larger tensile and shear loads.
  • Cellulose fibers for example, can be used as fibers to reinforce the adhesive 6.
  • the masonry 1 thus created can be provided with a plaster 17.
  • the plaster 17 used is also a water-soluble plaster 17, preferably a clay plaster.
  • Figure 2 shows the raw masonry freed from the plaster 17 and the bed joint 5, as it is according to Figure 1 was created.
  • the masonry 1 created in this way it is moistened, for example, with a water hose 21 and the bed joint 5 created is softened and loosened.
  • the bed joint 5 can then be rinsed out with a high-pressure cleaner 23 until the upper row of plan stones 3 can be separated from the row below.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
EP23212411.5A 2022-12-23 2023-11-27 Procédé de construction et de rétromontage d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie ainsi que ouvrage de maçonnerie et bâtiment ainsi obtenu Pending EP4428317A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022134709.5A DE102022134709A1 (de) 2022-12-23 2022-12-23 Verfahren zum Erstellen und zum Rückbau eines Mauerwerks sowie entsprechend erstelltes Mauerwerk und Gebäude

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4428317A1 true EP4428317A1 (fr) 2024-09-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23212411.5A Pending EP4428317A1 (fr) 2022-12-23 2023-11-27 Procédé de construction et de rétromontage d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie ainsi que ouvrage de maçonnerie et bâtiment ainsi obtenu

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4428317A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022134709A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2275476A (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-08-31 Park Jae Hoon Process for laying building materials by employing water-soluble bonding agent
DE29804074U1 (de) * 1998-03-07 1998-06-04 Großmann, Klaus, 12047 Berlin Verbundsystem zur Errichtung von Trockenmauerwerk
DE19916117B4 (de) * 1999-04-09 2005-08-25 Franken Maxit Mauermörtel GmbH & Co. Hochlochplanziegel deckelnde Dünnbettmörtelauftragsschicht
EP2159340A2 (fr) * 2008-08-27 2010-03-03 Udo Nagl Unité préfabriquée de briques

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE815688C (de) 1948-10-21 1951-10-04 Georg Weck Herstellung der tragenden Mauern, insbesondere von mehrstoeckigen Wohnhaeusern, und Mauerstein hierzu
DE4443907C3 (de) 1994-12-09 2002-01-10 Bayosan Wachter Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Erstellung eines Mauerwerks aus Planziegel und Zusammensetzung eines Mörtels
DE10003213A1 (de) 2000-01-26 2001-08-02 Ziegelwerk Ott Bermatingen Gmb Lehmtrockenbausystem
DE102020111360A1 (de) 2020-04-27 2021-10-28 Wolfgang Priedemann Lehmbaustein und Lehmbausteinsystem

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2275476A (en) * 1993-02-23 1994-08-31 Park Jae Hoon Process for laying building materials by employing water-soluble bonding agent
DE29804074U1 (de) * 1998-03-07 1998-06-04 Großmann, Klaus, 12047 Berlin Verbundsystem zur Errichtung von Trockenmauerwerk
DE19916117B4 (de) * 1999-04-09 2005-08-25 Franken Maxit Mauermörtel GmbH & Co. Hochlochplanziegel deckelnde Dünnbettmörtelauftragsschicht
EP2159340A2 (fr) * 2008-08-27 2010-03-03 Udo Nagl Unité préfabriquée de briques

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
THEDADLAB: "Teifoc: Real Brick Building Set For Kids Review - TheDadLab", 21 November 2017 (2017-11-21), XP093165165, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qVKKF39Yts> [retrieved on 20240510] *

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