EP4413104A1 - Composition lubrifiante pour prévenir ou diminuer la combustion anormale dans un moteur - Google Patents
Composition lubrifiante pour prévenir ou diminuer la combustion anormale dans un moteurInfo
- Publication number
- EP4413104A1 EP4413104A1 EP22801382.7A EP22801382A EP4413104A1 EP 4413104 A1 EP4413104 A1 EP 4413104A1 EP 22801382 A EP22801382 A EP 22801382A EP 4413104 A1 EP4413104 A1 EP 4413104A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- lubricating composition
- engine
- additives
- use according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
- C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/76—Reduction of noise, shudder, or vibrations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions, in particular usable in engines, in particular engines operating on gas (liquefied natural, compressed, or hydrogen) . More specifically, the present invention relates to lubricating compositions making it possible to prevent or reduce the abnormal combustion of fuel in an engine, and in particular the phenomena of pre-ignition and knocking in an engine, in particular in a gas engine.
- Prior Art In an effort to improve air quality and meet government restrictions in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, many vehicle engine manufacturers are investigating the use of gases, particularly hydrogen, as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
- gases whether natural gas or hydrogen
- gas engines thus generate higher combustion temperatures than engines operating on liquid hydrocarbons.
- Hydrogen fueled engines and, more generally, gas engines are more particularly subject to an undesirable phenomenon of abnormal combustion, known as pre-ignition. This phenomenon can be considered as an uncontrolled explosion occurring in the combustion chamber following the ignition, by a source other than the spark plug, of combustible elements, which may come from the fuel, but also from small quantities of engine lubricant in the combustion chamber.
- LSPI low speed pre-ignition
- Low Speed Pre-Ignition Low Speed Pre-Ignition
- Anglo-Saxon terminology Low Speed Pre-Ignition
- the pre-ignition phenomenon is likely to have a significant negative impact on the efficiency and overall performance of the engine, even causing significant damage to the cylinders, pistons, spark plugs and valves in the engine, up to a engine failure, or even engine failure. Therefore, studies have focused on understanding the origin of LSPI with the aim of reducing or even eliminating the occurrence of this phenomenon. Several studies have thus shown that the frequency of LSPI is sensitive to the composition of the engine lubricant used.
- calcium from calcium-based detergents has been identified as one of the causes of LSPI. It has thus been suggested to reduce the quantity of calcium-based detergents, for example sulfonate, phenate, calcium salicylate, in favor of magnesium-based detergents, in order to reduce the occurrence of LSPI phenomena (Kocsis et al, "The Impact of Lubricant Volatility, Viscosity and Detergent Chemistry on Low Speed Pre-Ignition Behavior", SAE Int. J.
- Calcium-based detergents are generally present in the formulation of lubricants, in the package of additives added to a base oil and dedicated to providing the desired performance.
- the present invention aims to provide a lubricant allowing, when the latter is implemented for the lubrication of a mobile or stationary engine system, in particular of a gas-powered engine, in particular in a vehicle automobile, to prevent and/or reduce abnormal combustion, in particular pre-ignition, in particular low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI), or knocking, without affecting the other properties of the lubricant, in particular its detergency capacity .
- LSPI low-speed pre-ignition
- the invention relates, according to a first of its aspects, to the use of a lubricating composition comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I) below: [Chem 1] in which: M is an atom chosen from boron (B) and aluminum (Al), in particular is a boron atom; n1 and n2 are, independently of each other, 0, 1 or 2; and R represent, independently of each other, a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 20 and more particularly from 5 to 15 carbon atoms; to prevent and/or reduce abnormal fuel combustion, in particular pre-ignition, in particular LSPI and/or knocking, in an engine, in particular in a gas-powered engine, in particular a vehicle, lubricated by means of said lubricating composition.
- M is an atom chosen from boron (B) and aluminum (Al), in particular is a boron atom
- n1 and n2 are, independently of
- the spiro compound used according to the invention is of formula (I) above, in which M is a boron atom.
- the spiro compound is a compound called “spiroboronate compound”, of formula (I′) below: in which n1, n2 and R are as previously defined.
- abnormal combustion is meant any phenomenon during which all or part of the fuel mixture is ignited in an uncontrolled manner within the combustion chamber of an engine, in particular of a vehicle engine, in particular of a vehicle automobile.
- abnormal combustion is meant more particularly pre-ignition phenomena, including low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI); and knocking, including super-knock or mega-knock that may follow a pre-ignition event.
- pre-ignition according to the invention is meant to include the phenomenon of low frequency vibration producing a sound effect of snoring (or “Rumble”). More particularly, “pre-ignition” is low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI).
- fuel according to the invention is meant more particularly gasoline, diesel fuel and/or gas.
- spiro compound according to the invention will more simply denote a spiro compound of formula (I) as defined above, in particular a spiroboronate compound of formula (I′) as defined above. Examples of spiro compounds considered according to the invention are described more precisely in the following text. Also, the term “lubricating composition according to the invention” or “lubricant according to the invention” more simply means a lubricating composition as defined previously, incorporating at least one spiro compound according to the invention.
- the invention relates in particular to the use of a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I) as defined previously and detailed in the remainder of the text, in particular at least one spiroboronate compound of formula (I'), for preventing and/or reducing pre-ignition, in particular LSPI, in an engine, in particular in an engine running on gas, in particular vehicle, lubricated by means of said lubricating composition.
- the invention also relates to the use of a lubricating composition comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I) as defined previously and detailed in the following text, in particular at least one spiroboronate compound of formula (I'), for preventing and/or reducing knocking in an engine, in particular in a gas-powered engine, in particular a vehicle, lubricated by means of said lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I) as defined previously and detailed in the following text, in particular at least one spiroboronate compound of formula (I'), for preventing and/or reducing knocking in an engine, in particular in a gas-powered engine, in particular a vehicle, lubricated by means of said lubricating composition.
- the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a lubricating composition intended for the lubrication of a gas-powered engine, in particular of a vehicle, in particular of a motor vehicle, comprising at least: - one or more base oils; - at least one spiro compound of formula (I) as defined previously and detailed in the remainder of the text, in particular at least one spiroboronate compound of formula (I').
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention comprises, in addition to the said spiro compound(s) according to the invention, one or more detergent additives, in particular chosen from the metallic detergent additives conventionally used in the field of lubricants, in particular based on calcium or magnesium.
- a lubricant with a spiro compound as defined previously, in particular of the spiroboronate type, even in a low content, to significantly lower the content of metallic detergent additives, in particular of calcium-based detergent additives, which are undesirable given their effect on the appearance of abnormal combustion phenomena, in particular LSPI, while maintaining, and even improving, the detergency capacity lubricant.
- the implementation of a spiro compound according to the invention at the level of a lubricant makes it possible to reduce the content of metallic detergent additives, in particular in calcium, generally implemented to access the desired detergency properties, and thus to prevent or reduce abnormal combustion phenomena, in particular the pre-ignition phenomenon, in particular LSPI, in an engine, for example a gas engine, lubricated with said lubricant.
- the implementation of a lubricating composition according to the invention for lubricating an engine, in particular an engine operating on gas thus makes it possible both to reduce, or even to prevent, the phenomena of abnormal combustion, in particular the phenomenon of pre - ignition, in particular LSPI, and to access excellent detergency properties.
- the detergency properties of the lubricant can be assessed via the evaluation of the performance of the lubricant in terms of thermal stability by an "MCT” test (for "Micro Coking Test” in English terminology) according to the GFC Lu-27-T-07 standard, as described in the examples.
- MCT Micro Coking Test
- This test reports on the tendency of the lubricant to form deposits/varnish under high temperature conditions similar to those encountered in the hottest parts of the engine (from 230°C to 280°C).
- a lubricating composition according to the invention for lubricating an engine in particular a motor vehicle engine, also makes it possible to reduce, or even eliminate, the knocking phenomenon, in particular without requiring the addition of anti-knock additives in the lubricant.
- the said metallic detergent additive(s) may be present in the lubricating composition so as to provide a content of metallic element(s), in particular calcium, of less than or equal to 6000 ppm, in particular ranging from 100 ppm to 4000 ppm, preferably from 250 ppm to 3000 ppm.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can advantageously have a sulfated ash content, measured according to the ASTM D874 standard, of less than or equal to 2% by mass, in particular less than or equal to 1.5% by mass, and more particularly less than or equal to 1%, relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention also has good properties in terms of reducing the fuel consumption of motor vehicles, also called “Fuel Eco” properties, and, in fact, contributes to the reduction of emissions of CO2 .
- the implementation of a spiro compound according to the invention, in particular of the spiroboronate type also makes it possible to significantly increase the stability to oxidation of the composition lubricating.
- a spiro compound according to the invention in particular of a spiroboronate compound according to the invention, makes it possible to access a lubricant having excellent detergency properties, a reduced ash content and excellent oxidation stability properties, while reducing or even eliminating abnormal combustion phenomena.
- the spiro compounds according to the invention due in particular to the tetra-covalent configuration of the boron or aluminum atom, are not hydrolysable.
- the spiro compounds according to the invention, in particular the spiroboronate compounds according to the invention exhibit excellent stability when they are brought into contact with water (which would for example result from the combustion of fuel or the condensation).
- the absence of decomposition/degradation of the spiro compounds in the presence of water makes it possible in particular to prevent, during the implementation of the lubricating composition according to the invention, the formation of boric acid, a product classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic).
- the invention also relates to a process or a method for preventing and/or reducing the abnormal combustion of fuel in an engine, in particular in a gas-powered engine, for example a vehicle engine, comprising the lubrication of said engine with a composition lubricant according to the invention as defined previously.
- the subject of the invention is a process or a method for preventing and/or reducing pre-ignition, in particular at low speed, in an engine, in particular in an engine operating on gas, for example a vehicle engine, including lubrication of said engine with a lubricating composition according to the invention as defined previously.
- the invention also relates to a process or a method for preventing and/or reducing knocking in an engine, in particular in a gas-powered engine, for example a vehicle engine, comprising the lubrication of said engine with a lubricating composition according to invention as defined above
- Said processes or said methods more particularly comprise a step of bringing at least one mechanical part of said engine into contact with a lubricating composition according to the invention as defined above.
- a further subject of the invention is the use of a lubricating composition according to the invention, for lubricating an engine, in particular an engine operating on gas, for example a vehicle engine.
- the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a process or a method for lubricating an engine, in particular in a gas-powered engine, for example a vehicle engine, comprising a step of bringing least one mechanical part of the engine with a lubricating composition according to the invention as defined above.
- the lubricating compositions according to the invention are advantageously used for all types of engines, for mobile or stationary applications, which may be subject, during their operation, to abnormal combustion phenomena, in particular to the pre-ignition phenomenon, in particular LSPI, and/or knocking.
- Gas-powered engines refer to internal combustion engines whose fuel comprises at least one gas, including biogas. They include engines running exclusively on gas, called gas engines, for example engines running on natural gas (liquefied natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG)), and hydrogen engines, but also engines running on gas and petrol (“dual fuel” gas/petrol engines), engines running on gas and diesel (“dual fuel” gas/diesel engines).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- CNG compressed natural gas
- Motors for a mobile application are more particularly motors used in vehicles, including heavy goods vehicles, so-called “off-road” mobile machines, light vehicles or even marine vehicles.
- the lubricating composition according to the invention is implemented for the lubrication of gas engines, in particular hydrogen or natural gas (LNG or CNG) engines.
- gas engines in particular hydrogen or natural gas (LNG or CNG) engines.
- LNG or CNG natural gas
- the invention can implement a single spiro compound or a mixture of at least two distinct spiro compounds, in particular three or four distinct spiro compounds, in particular as defined below.
- the spiro compound under consideration according to the invention has the following formula (I): [Chem 2] in which: M is an atom chosen from boron and aluminium, in particular is a boron atom; n1 and n2 are, independently of each other, 0, 1 or 2; and R represent, independently of each other, a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 20 and more particularly from 5 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the R groups are only composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- the hydrocarbon groups can in particular be alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl groups.
- the substituents R represent, independently of each other, a hydrocarbon group, preferably an aliphatic chain, linear or branched, comprising from 3 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 3 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 25 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 20 carbon atoms and more particularly from 8 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the substituents R can represent, independently of one another, an aliphatic, linear or branched chain, in particular an alkyl chain, preferably linear, from C 1 to C 50 ; in particular C 3 to C 30 , in particular C 5 to C 25 , in particular C 5 to C 20 and more particularly C 8 to C 15 , for example C 10 .
- n1 and n2 are worth 0.
- n1 and n2 are worth 1 or 2.
- the groups R, carried by the same cycle can be same or different.
- the spiro compound may be of formula (I) above, in which n1 and n2 are equal to 1; the substituents R possibly being identical or different, preferably identical.
- the spiro compound is of formula (I) above, in which: n1 and n2 are equal to 1; and the groups R, which are identical, represent alkyl groups, preferably linear, C 1 to C 50 , in particular C 3 to C 30 , in particular C 5 to C 25 , in particular C 5 to C 20 and more particularly C 8 to C 15 , even more preferably C 10 .
- the spiro compound is of formula (I) in which M is a boron atom.
- the spiro compound can be a so-called spiroboronate compound, of the following formula (I′): [Chem 3]
- the spiro compound is of formula (I) in which M is an aluminum atom.
- the spiro compound can be a so-called spiroaluminate compound, of the following formula (I''): [Chem 4] in which n1, n2 and R are as previously defined.
- the invention thus relates, according to another of its aspects, to a spiro compound of formula (I) above, in which: - M is an aluminum atom; - n1 and n2 are, independently of each other, 0, 1 or 2, at least one of n1 and n2 being 1 or 2; preferably n1 and n2 are 1; - the R groups represent, independently of each other, a linear or branched aliphatic chain, in particular an alkyl chain, preferably linear, comprising from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 6 to 30 carbon, in particular from 8 to 25 carbon atoms and more particularly from 10 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the invention relates to a compound of the spiroaluminate type of formula (I'') above, in which: - n1 and n2 are, independently of each other, 0, 1 or 2, at least one of n1 and n2 being 1 or 2; preferably n1 and n2 are 1; and - the R groups represent, independently of each other, an aliphatic chain, linear or branched, in particular an alkyl chain, preferably linear, comprising from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 6 to 30 atoms carbon, in particular from 8 to 25 carbon atoms and more particularly from 10 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the compound of spiroaluminate type according to the invention is of formula (I'') in which: - n1 and n2 are equal to 1; and - the groups R, which are identical or different, preferably identical, represent alkyl chains, preferably linear, comprising from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular from 8 to 25 carbon atoms and more particularly from 10 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the spiro compound used according to the invention can be prepared from at least salicylic acid or a derivative of salicylic acid and a boron compound or an aluminum compound.
- Salicylic acid and its derivatives of formula (Ia) above can be synthesized according to synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art or can be commercially available.
- the boron compound (in other words, based on boron) can be chosen in particular from boric acid (B(OH) 3 ), boronic acids, boric and boronic esters, boron oxide and acid complexes boric.
- the boron compound can be chosen from boric acid; boron oxide; boric acid complexes; trialkyl borates, in particular in which the alkyl groups comprise independently of each other from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; boronic acids having a C 1 -C 12 alkyl group; boric acids substituted with two alkyl groups, in particular C 1 to C 12 ; boric acids substituted with two aryl groups, in particular C 6 to C 12 ; boric acids substituted by one or two aralkyl groups, in particular C 7 to C 12 , and derivatives of these compounds obtained by substitution of at least one alkyl group by one or more alkoxy groups.
- Boric acid complexes are in particular complexes of boron with one or more molecules comprising one or more alcohol functions.
- the boron compound is boric acid.
- the aluminum compound (in other words, based on aluminium) can for example be chosen from aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ), aluminum oxide, aluminum sulphate (Al 2 SO 4 ) 3 . It is up to those skilled in the art to adjust the reaction conditions between said compound(s) (Ia) and the boron or aluminum compound to obtain the desired spiro compound.
- the reaction can be carried out in a solvent medium consisting of one or more apolar solvents and/or protic polar solvents.
- the solvent medium may consist of one or more solvents chosen from naphtha, protic polar solvents, such as water and alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol; and their mixtures.
- the reaction between salicylic acid or one of its derivatives of formula (Ia) above and the boron or aluminum compound to obtain the desired spiro compound in particular the reaction between salicylic acid or one of its derivatives of formula (Ia) and the boron compound to obtain the desired spiroboronate compound, can be carried out in an apolar aprotic solvent medium, in particular in toluene.
- hydrocarbon group a radical, saturated or not, linear, branched or cyclic, aromatic or not, comprising carbon and hydrogen
- aliphatic chain a hydrocarbon group consisting exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic.
- an aliphatic chain is an alkyl chain.
- alkyl a saturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; for example, a C x to C z alkyl represents a saturated carbon chain of x to z carbon atoms, linear or branched; - “alkenyl”, a mono- or poly-unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; - “Cycloalkyl”, a cyclic alkyl group, for example a C x to C z cycloalkyl represents a cyclic carbon group of x to z carbon atoms, for example a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl; - “aryl”, a mono- or polycyclic aromatic group, in particular comprising between 6 and 10 carbon atoms.
- aryl group By way of example of an aryl group, mention may be made of phenyl or naphthyl groups; - "aralkyl", an aryl group as defined above, substituted by at least one alkyl group as defined above.
- Said spiro compound(s) are advantageously used in a sufficient content to achieve the required level of detergency capacity of the lubricant and/or prevention abnormal combustion phenomena, in particular pre-ignition and/or knocking phenomena.
- the content of spiro compounds is adjusted so that the lubricating composition, even if it comprises a reduced quantity of metallic detergent additives, in particular of detergent additives based on calcium and/or magnesium, has properties of equivalent or even improved detergency compared to a lubricating composition whose detergent capacity is provided solely by the metallic detergent additives.
- a small quantity of spiro compound(s) in particular less than 2% by mass, in particular less than or equal to 1% by mass, relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition, makes it possible to achieve good detergent properties.
- the quantity implemented in spiro compound(s) can be adjusted according to the nature of the lubricant, and more particularly taking into account the presence or not and the quantity implemented of other additive(s).
- s) detergent(s), in particular metal(s), for example calcium-based, present in the lubricant s
- the said spiro compound or compounds considered according to the invention in particular as defined previously, can be implemented at a rate of 0.1 to 20% by mass, in particular from 0.2 to 15% by mass , in particular from 0.5 to 10% and more particularly from 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition as considered according to the invention comprises one or more base oils and, optionally, other additives conventionally considered in lubricating compositions. It is understood that the nature and the quantity of the ancillary compounds are adapted with regard to the destination of the lubricant, and more particularly with regard to the engine for which it is intended.
- base oil As mentioned previously, a lubricating composition according to the invention comprises, in addition to at least one spiro compound according to the invention, at least one base oil.
- These base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils for engines, in particular for gas engines, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils.
- the base oils of the lubricating compositions considered according to the invention may in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in Table A below or mixtures thereof.
- Table A Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, de-alpha, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing.
- Synthetic base oils can be esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins or polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the polyalphaolefins used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from decene, octene or dodecene, and whose viscosity at 100° C. is between 1, 5 and 15 mm2.s -1 according to the ASTM D445 standard. Their average molecular mass is generally between 250 and 3000 according to the ASTM D5296 standard.
- Blends of synthetic and mineral oils which may be biosourced, can also be used.
- base oils in the lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention comprises at least one base oil chosen from group II, III and IV oils of the API classification, and mixtures thereof.
- such a lubricating composition can comprise at least one Group III base oil, in particular a mixture of at least two Group III base oils.
- the base oils suitable for the invention may have a kinematic viscosity measured at 40° C.
- the base oils suitable for the invention may have a kinematic viscosity measured at 100° C. according to the ASTM D445 (KV100) standard ranging from 1 to 15 mm2/s, in particular from 2 to 10 mm2/s, more particularly from 4 at 8 mm2/s.
- the base oil or oils may be present in a lubricating composition according to the invention in a content of at least 50% by mass, relative to its total mass, in particular at least 60% by mass, more particularly ranging from 60 to 99% by mass and preferably from 70 to 90% by mass.
- the oil or oils of group III represent(s) at least 50% by mass, in particular at least 60% by mass, more particularly between 70 and 100% by mass, for example between 80 and 100% by mass, of the total mass of base oils in the composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may comprise all types of additives suitable for the intended use for the lubricant, as detailed in the following text, for example for use of the lubricant for a gas engine, for example in a vehicle.
- additives can be introduced individually and/or in the form of a mixture, or "package of additives", like those already available for sale for the formulations of commercial lubricants for vehicle engines, of level of performance as defined by the ACEA (Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and/or the API (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
- ACEA Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
- API American Petroleum Institute
- additives distinct from said spiro compound(s) may be chosen in particular from other detergent additives, distinct from said spiro compound(s), in particular metallic detergent additives, friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives , antioxidants, viscosity index (VI) improvers, pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, antifoaming agents, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention comprises one or more additives chosen from other detergent additives, distinct from said spiro compound(s), in particular chosen from metallic detergent additives, viscosity index improvers, additives pour point, anti-wear additives, antioxidants and mixtures thereof.
- the lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may comprise one or more other detergent additives, distinct from the spiro compounds according to the invention, in particular one or more metallic detergent additives.
- metal detergents are known to those skilled in the art to provide high levels of detergency. These metallic compounds have however the disadvantage of being sulphated ash generators.
- Calcium-based detergent additives are further identified as one of the origins of the pre-ignition phenomenon, in particular LSPI. They are generally anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head, the associated cation possibly being a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
- alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids are generally chosen from alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, in particular sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, phenates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof.
- the alkali and alkaline-earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- These metallic salts generally comprise the metal in a stoichiometric quantity or else in excess, therefore in a quantity greater than the stoichiometric quantity.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention comprises at least one metallic detergent additive, distinct from the spiro compounds according to the invention, in particular chosen from salts of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals, overbased or not. , in particular among calcium salts, magnesium salts and mixtures thereof.
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention for lubricating an engine in particular a gas-powered engine, in particular in a vehicle, comprises at least: - one or more base oils; - at least one spiro compound according to the invention, in particular at least one spiroboronate compound according to the invention; and - at least one metallic detergent additive distinct from said spiro compound, in particular as defined above, in particular chosen from calcium and magnesium salts and mixtures thereof.
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise at least one calcium-based detergent additive, such as a sulphonate, a salicylate, a naphthenate, a phenate, a calcium carboxylate or a mixture of these.
- a detergent additive based on overbased calcium for example with calcium carbonate.
- the implementation of one or more spiro compounds according to the invention allows a reduction in the lubricating composition of the content of metallic detergents as defined above, in particular of calcium-based detergents, undesirable with regard to their impact on pre-ignition, in particular LSPI, while retaining good detergency properties.
- the lubricating composition according to the invention may comprise less than 15% by mass, in particular less than 10% by mass and more particularly from 0.1 to 10% by mass, in particular from 0.5% to 5 % by mass, of metal detergent additive(s) distinct from the spiro compounds according to the invention, relative to the total mass of said composition.
- the said metallic detergent additive(s) may be present in the lubricating composition so as to provide a content of metallic element(s), in particular calcium, of less than or equal to 3000 ppm, in particular ranging from 100 ppm to 2000 ppm, preferably from 250 ppm to 1500 ppm.
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention thus has a sulphated ash content, determined according to the ASTM D-874 standard, of less than or equal to 2% by mass, in particular less than or equal to 1.5% by mass. and more particularly less than or equal to 1% by mass.
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise: - from 60 to 99.8% by mass, preferably from 70 to 90% by mass, of one or more base oils; - from 0.1 to 20% by mass, in particular from 0.2 to 15% by mass and more particularly from 0.5 to 10% by mass, of at least one spiro compound according to the invention, in particular as defined above and more particularly of at least one spiroboronate compound according to the invention; and - from 0.1 to 10% by mass, in particular from 0.5 to 5% by mass, of one or more metallic detergent additives, distinct from said spiro compound according to the invention, in particular as defined above, in particular chosen from calcium and magnesium salts and mixtures thereof; the contents being expressed relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may also comprise at least one or more other additives, distinct from the said spiro compound or compounds, chosen from friction modifier additives, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, antifoaming agents, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may also comprise at least one viscosity index (VI) improver. Viscosity index (VI) improvers, in particular viscosity index improver polymers, ensure good cold behavior and minimum viscosity at high temperature.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention comprises at least one viscosity index improver chosen from polymethacrylates (PMA) and hydrogenated polyisoprene-styrene (PISH), linear, grafted, comb-shaped or star-shaped, preferably in star.
- PMA polymethacrylates
- PISH hydrogenated polyisoprene-styrene
- the additive(s) improving the viscosity index may be present in a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention in a content ranging from 1 to 15% by mass, in particular from 2 to 10% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention is free of additive improving the viscosity index.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may comprise at least one friction modifier additive.
- the friction modifier additives can be chosen from compounds providing metallic elements and compounds free of ash, preferably from compounds free of ash.
- the friction modifier additives are chosen from ash-free compounds, generally of organic origin and which can be more particularly chosen from monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides, fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
- the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
- a lubricating composition comprises at least one friction modifier additive, in particular based on molybdenum.
- the molybdenum-based compounds can be chosen from molybdenum dithiocarbamates (Mo-DTC), molybdenum dithiophosphates (Mo-DTP), and mixtures thereof.
- a lubricating composition considered according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by mass, more particularly from 0.1 to 2% by mass or even more particularly from 0 .1 to 1.5% mass, relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition, of friction modifier additives.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may comprise at least one anti-wear and/or extreme-pressure additive.
- Anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives protect friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces.
- anti-wear additives are chosen from phosphosulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
- the preferred compounds are of formula Zn((SP(S)(OR 3 )(OR 4 ))2, in which R 3 and R 4 , which are identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Amine phosphates are also anti-wear additives which can be used in the lubricating composition according to the invention.However, the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as a poison for the catalytic systems of automobiles because these additives are ash generators. These effects can be minimized by partially replacing the amine phosphates with additives that do not provide phosphorus, such as, for example, polysulphides, in particular sulphur-containing olefins.
- the additive(s) extreme pressure and/or anti-wear may be present in a lubricating composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 0.01 to 6% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% by mass relative to the total mass of lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
- the antioxidant additives are essentially dedicated to delaying the degradation of the lubricating composition in service. This degradation can in particular result in the formation of deposits, in the presence of sludge or in an increase in the viscosity of the lubricating composition. They act in particular as free radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide destroyers.
- antioxidant additives commonly employed, mention may be made of antioxidant additives of the phenolic type, antioxidant additives of the amine type, phosphosulfur antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant additives, can be ash generators. The phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
- the antioxidant additives may in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, N ,N'-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
- the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal to the carbon bearing the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, preferably a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group 1 -C 6 , preferably a C 4 alkyl group, preferably by the tert-butyl group.
- Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, possibly in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
- amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 5 R 6 R 7 in which R 5 represents an aliphatic group or an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 6 represents an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 8 S(O)zR 9 in which R 8 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 9 represents an alkyl group, a group alkenyl or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
- Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
- the lubricating composition comprises at least one ash-free antioxidant additive.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may comprise from 0.1 to 2% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, of at least one antioxidant additive.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may comprise at least one pour point depressant additive (also called “PPD” agents for “Pour Point Depressant” in English). By slowing down the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressants generally improve the cold behavior of the lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition considered according to the invention can also comprise at least one dispersing agent.
- the dispersing agents ensure the maintenance in suspension and the evacuation of the insoluble solid contaminants constituted by the secondary products of oxidation which are formed when the lubricating composition is in service. They can be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may comprise from 0.2 to 10% by mass of dispersing agent(s), relative to the total mass of the composition.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may also comprise at least one antifoam additive.
- the antifoam additives can be chosen from polar polymers such as polymethylsiloxanes or polyacrylates.
- a lubricating composition under consideration according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 3% by mass of antifoam additive(s), relative to the total mass of the lubricating composition.
- all of the additives detailed above can be introduced in the form of a mixture or “package” of additives.
- the package of additives can represent from 1% to 30% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition, in particular from 1 to 20% by mass, in particular from 3% to 15% by mass and more particularly from 5 to 15% by mass.
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise, or even consist of: - a base oil or a mixture of base oils; - one or more spiro compounds according to the invention, in particular as defined previously, and more particularly one or more spiroboronate compounds according to the invention; and - optionally one or more additives, distinct from said spiro compound(s), chosen from other detergent additives, in particular metallic detergent additives, friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, improvers viscosity index (VI), pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, antifoaming agents, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof.
- additives distinct from said spiro compound(s), chosen from other detergent additives, in particular metallic detergent additives, friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, improvers viscosity index (VI), pour point depressants (PPD), dispersants, antifoaming agents, thickeners, corrosion
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention comprises, or even consists of: - from 60 to 98.9% by mass, in particular from 70 to 90% by mass, of one or several base oils; - from 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by mass, of one or more spiro compounds according to the invention, in particular as defined above and more particularly of one or more compounds spiroboronates according to the invention; and - from 1% to 30% by mass, preferably from 3% to 20% by mass, of one or more additive(s) chosen from among the other detergent additives, distinct from the said spiro compound(s), in particular chosen from metallic detergent additives; anti-wear agents; antioxidants; dispersants; viscosity index improvers and mixtures thereof; the contents being expressed relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition implemented according to the invention may comprise, or even consist of: - from 60 to 99.8% by mass, in particular from 70 to 90% by mass, of one or more base oils; - from 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by mass, of one or more spiro compounds according to the invention as defined above, in particular of the spiroboronate type; - from 0.1% to 10% by mass, preferably from 0.5% to 5% by mass, of one or more metallic detergent additives, distinct from the said spiro compound(s), in particular as defined above, in particular chosen from calcium and magnesium salts and mixtures thereof; and - optionally from 1% to 30% by mass, preferably from 3% to 20% by mass, of one or more other additives chosen from anti-wear agents, antioxidants, viscosity index improvers and mixtures thereof, the contents being expressed relative to the total mass of said lubricating composition.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention may have a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, of between 20 mm2/s and 50 mm2/s, preferably between 25 mm2/s and 40 mm2/s. Also advantageously, a lubricating composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100° C. according to the ASTM D445 standard, of between 2 mm2/s and 20 mm2/s, preferably between 4 mm2/s and 15 mm2/s .
- a lubricating composition according to the invention is intended for the lubrication of an engine, for mobile or stationary applications, which may be subject to phenomena of abnormal combustion, in particular to the phenomenon of pre-ignition, in particular of LSPI and/or knocking.
- the problem of LSPI appears in particular for engines of reduced size, known as "downsized”.
- a composition according to the invention can in particular be implemented for the lubrication of engines operating on gas, including biogas.
- the gas can be chosen from hydrogen (H 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), or compressed or liquefied natural gas.
- the engines operating on gas can be gas engines, for example engines operating on natural gas (LNG or CNG) and hydrogen engines, but also dual fuel gas/petrol, dual fuel gas/diesel engines.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can be implemented for an engine of a vehicle, in particular a gas engine of a vehicle. It can be implemented for any type of vehicle, for example for a heavy vehicle, for example a truck, an off-road vehicle (or “off-road” in Anglo-Saxon terminology, a light vehicle.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can be implemented for the lubrication of an engine, in particular of a gas engine, and of the transmission in a motor vehicle, these uses comprise bringing into contact at least one element of the engine and of the transmission, in particular of the gearbox or axle, with a lubricating composition according to the invention.
- a lubricating composition according to the invention can also be implemented for the lubrication of stationary engines, in particular stationary gas engines.
- the invention relates the use of a lubricating composition comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I), as defined previously, to prevent and/or reduce abnormal combustion in a gas-powered, mobile or stationary, in particular in a compressed or liquefied natural gas engine, hydrogen engine, dual fuel gas/petrol or dual fuel gas/diesel engine.
- Oxidation stability is evaluated by differential pressure scanning calorimetry, which determines the oxidation induction time, known as OIT (for "Oxidation Induction Time” in Anglo-Saxon terminology). for lubricating compositions. This is a standard procedure in the lubricating oil industry based on CEC L-85 T-99. According to this protocol, the lubricating composition to be tested is heated to a high temperature (in the present case, isothermal at 50°C for 5 minutes, then increased to 210°C at a rate of 40°C/min, oxidation making at 210°C), and the time when the lubricant begins to break down is measured. The longer the test duration, expressed in minutes, the better the oxidation stability of the lubricant.
- CCI a reference lubricant, not in accordance with the invention, denoted CCI, implementing a conventional quantity of detergent additives based on calcium provided by a packet of additives.
- the calcium content in CCI lubricant is 1340 ppm;
- a lubricant in accordance with the invention denoted II, corresponding to the CC2 formulation supplemented with a spiroboronate compound in accordance with the invention at a rate of 1% by mass relative to the lubricant.
- the components and quantities (expressed in mass percentage) for the three lubricants are indicated in the following table.
- the lubricants are formulated by simply mixing the various components at 60°C.
- Example 2 Evaluation of the Lubricants The properties in terms of thermal stability of the various lubricants prepared in Example 1 were evaluated according to the MCT protocol described above. The rating results are presented in the table below. The temperature values from which the formation of deposits (T Deposition ) occurs are also collated in the following table.
- Composition I1 according to the invention comprising a spiroboronate compound according to the invention, has an excellent rating, higher than that obtained for the comparative compositions CC1 and CC2.
- a composition according to the invention implementing a spiroboronate compound according to the invention, thus makes it possible to overcome, at least in part, metallic detergents, in particular based on calcium, correspondingly reducing the risk of premature inflammation. , and therefore reducing the occurrence of abnormal combustion phenomena, in particular the phenomena of LSPI and knocking.
- Example 3 Evaluation of the oxidation stability properties of lubricants The effect of the addition of a spiroboronate compound on the oxidation stability properties was evaluated on two lubricants, denoted CC3 and CC4, whose composition is detailed in Table 4 below.
- Two lubricating compositions in accordance with the invention are prepared on the basis of comparative lubricants CC3 and CC4, in which 2% by mass of base oil are replaced by 2% by mass of spiroboronate compound according to the invention.
- the lubricants are formulated by simply mixing the various components at 60°C.
- the oxidation stability properties are evaluated according to the protocol based on the CEC L-85 T-99 standard, described above.
- the oxidation induction time (OIT) results are collated in the following table. [Table 5] These results show that the addition of a spiroboronate compound according to the invention makes it possible to significantly improve the oxidation stability of the lubricant.
- the spiroboronate compound tested is a spiro compound of formula (I) in which M is a boron atom, R each represents an octadecyl chain (C18) and n 1 and n 2 are equal to 1, in other words has the following formula:
- the compound spiroboronate was prepared from the previously synthesized salicylic acid derivative (2-hydroxy-5-octadecylbenzoic acid) and boric acid. 2-hydroxy-5-octadecylbenzoic acid (8.9 g, 22 .8 mmol, 2 equiv) and boric acid (0.70 g, 11.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in toluene (65 mL).
- the mixture was refluxed until the reaction was complete, and the spiroboronate compound recovered.
- the spiroboronate compound was dispersed at 5% by mass in water.
- the emulsion was subjected to vigorous agitation by paddle, followed by stronger agitation using an Ultra-Turrax ® agitator.
- the emulsions obtained after each shaking are stable. They are analyzed by laser granulometry using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 granulometer. 1b).
- the emulsion of spiroboronate in water was then passed to the rotary evaporator under vacuum, in order to evaporate the water.
- the residue at the end of the evaporation of the water was recovered and analyzed by NMR1H.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR2110616A FR3127954B1 (fr) | 2021-10-07 | 2021-10-07 | Composition lubrifiante pour prévenir ou diminuer la combustion anormale dans un moteur |
| PCT/EP2022/077832 WO2023057581A1 (fr) | 2021-10-07 | 2022-10-06 | Composition lubrifiante pour prévenir ou diminuer la combustion anormale dans un moteur |
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| US (1) | US20240400929A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4413104A1 (fr) |
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| FR3127953B1 (fr) | 2021-10-07 | 2025-07-25 | Totalenergies Marketing Services | Composé spiro comme additif détergent dans des lubrifiants destinés à des systèmes de motorisation |
| WO2025125892A1 (fr) | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-19 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions lubrifiantes contenant du molybdène pour un pré-allumage réduit dans moteurs alimentés en hydrogène |
| WO2025125894A1 (fr) | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-19 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions lubrifiantes contenant un détergent de magnésium pour pré-combustion réduit dans des moteurs alimentés en hydrogène |
| WO2025126063A1 (fr) | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-19 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions lubrifiantes contenant du silicium pour un pré-allumage réduit dans des moteurs alimentés par hydrogène |
| WO2025126134A1 (fr) | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-19 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions lubrifiantes contenant un détergent pour des événements de combustion anormaux réduits dans des moteurs alimentés par hydrogène |
| WO2025126133A1 (fr) * | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-19 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions lubrifiantes contenant du phosphore destinées à être utilisées dans des moteurs alimentés par hydrogène |
| WO2025125893A1 (fr) | 2023-12-14 | 2025-06-19 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions lubrifiantes pour réduire les événements de combustion anormaux dans des moteurs à combustion d'hydrogène |
| GB202319428D0 (en) | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-31 | Prec Planting Llc | Ultrasonic cleaning of stir chamber for agricultural sample slurry |
| GB202319421D0 (en) | 2023-12-18 | 2024-01-31 | Prec Planting Llc | Ultrasonic cleaning of stir chamber for agricultural sample slurry |
| WO2025191545A2 (fr) | 2024-03-13 | 2025-09-18 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions d'huile lubrifiante pour moteurs alimentés par hydrogène pour un pré-allumage réduit |
| GB202407313D0 (en) | 2024-05-22 | 2024-07-03 | Prec Planting Llc | Agricultural sample handling system and related methods |
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| GB2427410A (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2006-12-27 | Southwest Res Inst | High octane lubricants for knock mitigation in flame propagation engines |
| US7691793B2 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2010-04-06 | Chemtura Corporation | Lubricant additive containing alkyl hydroxy carboxylic acid boron esters |
| SE535675C2 (sv) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-11-06 | Högprestandasmörjmedel och tillsatser till smörjmedel för järnhaltiga och icke järnhaltiga material | |
| US20170015933A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-19 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Additives and lubricating oil compositions for improving low speed pre-ignition |
| EP3369802B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-01 | 2019-07-10 | Infineum International Limited | Améliorations apportées et relatives à des compositions de lubrification |
| CN110709493B (zh) | 2017-05-31 | 2022-03-11 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 包含多胺、酸性官能团和硼官能团的化合物及其作为润滑剂添加剂的用途 |
| KR102617908B1 (ko) | 2017-05-31 | 2023-12-26 | 토탈에너지스 마케팅 써비씨즈 | 폴리아민, 산성 및 붕소 작용기를 포함하는 화합물 및 이의 윤활 첨가제로서의 사용 |
| SG11202009214RA (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2020-10-29 | Chevron Oronite Co | Composition and method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in spark-ignited internal combustion engines |
-
2021
- 2021-10-07 FR FR2110616A patent/FR3127954B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-06 JP JP2024521162A patent/JP2024536442A/ja active Pending
- 2022-10-06 WO PCT/EP2022/077832 patent/WO2023057581A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-06 CN CN202280079691.1A patent/CN118355097A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-06 EP EP22801382.7A patent/EP4413104A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-10-06 KR KR1020247015141A patent/KR20240099254A/ko active Pending
- 2022-10-06 US US18/699,171 patent/US20240400929A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240400929A1 (en) | 2024-12-05 |
| CN118355097A (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
| WO2023057581A1 (fr) | 2023-04-13 |
| FR3127954B1 (fr) | 2023-10-20 |
| FR3127954A1 (fr) | 2023-04-14 |
| JP2024536442A (ja) | 2024-10-04 |
| KR20240099254A (ko) | 2024-06-28 |
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