Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
  • B01J21/04—Alumina
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
  • C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
  • C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
  • C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
  • C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
  • B01J23/882—Molybdenum and cobalt
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
  • B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
  • B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
  • B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
  • B01J27/19—Molybdenum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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  • B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
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  • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
  • B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
  • B01J35/397—Egg shell like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
  • B01J35/51—Spheres
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  • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J35/61—Surface area
  • B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J35/63—Pore volume
  • B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J37/0213—Preparation of the impregnating solution
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
  • C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
  • C10G49/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• • H—ELECTRICITY
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
  • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
  • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
  • H01M50/595—Tapes
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  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell for an electrical energy storage device, in particular an electric battery.
• the invention also relates to an electrical energy storage device comprising said cell and a vehicle equipped with such a storage device and/or such a cell.
• the invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing an electrochemical cell.
• storage devices also called “battery pack” or “battery pack”, or more simply “battery”
• battery pack or “battery pack”
• battery pack include a plurality of cells, in particular of the Lithium or Li-ion type, which can be realized according to different architectures.
• Cylindrical and prismatic cells consist of a coil or a stack of electrodes slipped into a rigid metal casing previously manufactured and closed by a cover.
• the winding or the stack of electrodes exhibits volume expansion and contraction during the charging and discharging phases respectively.
• the amplitude of such a volume variation depends on the active materials used. It is, for example, maximized when using silicon technology as the active material of the negative electrode.
• a volume expansion of the elements is also observed during the life cycle of the cell, in particular with its aging.
• the document US9634351 discloses an example of a rigid-packaged electrochemical cell, one winding of electrodes of which is held by a helical return element.
• a return element aims to facilitate the assembly of the cell by maintaining the winding of electrodes in position, it does not however have the function of compressing the winding on the scale of the life of the cell.
• pressure and local mechanical stresses are exerted at the contact surfaces between the return element and the electrode coil. Since this pressure is applied locally, it is likely to cause shearing of the external elements of the electrode winding.
• this local pressure variation can lead to local heterogeneities between compressed and non-compressed zones, which can lead to heterogeneities in the aging of the cell and therefore to a degradation of its operation.
• the present invention falls within this context and aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing an electrochemical cell equipped with a device for compressing the winding or the stack of electrodes in the case of electrochemical cells in rigid packaging, by performing this compression within the cell, and not at the module or battery pack scale.
• This system makes it possible to apply a constant pressure whatever the state of charge of the battery and its state of aging.
• the present invention proposes an electrochemical cell comprising a plurality of electrodes, a device for compressing the plurality of electrodes and a rigid packaging capable of receiving the plurality of electrodes and the compression device, the compression device comprising :
• At least one at least partially elastically deformable return element configured to be deformed between a first configuration and a second configuration as a function of a volume of the plurality of electrodes, the at least one return element being interposed between the plurality of electrodes and at least part of the rigid packaging;
• a metal shell comprising one or more part(s), the shell being interposed between the at least one return element and the plurality of electrodes and the shell surrounding the plurality of electrodes so as to present at least one zone of che- vouchement of two distinct portions of the shell whose surface varies according to the volume of the plurality of electrodes.
• the at least one return element may comprise a rigid body and a plurality of elastically deformable fins, connected to the body and having an inclination a relative thereto, a value of the inclination a being maximum when the at least one return element is in the first configuration such that the plurality of fins protrude from the body, and a value of the inclination a being minimum when the at least one return element is in the second configuration, at least the plurality of fins extending in contact with the hull.
• the at least one return element may have an "accordion" structure comprising a plurality of undulations or elastically deformable folds whose shape and/or angles b vary according to the volume of the plurality of electrodes.
• the shell can be centered on a main axis, a minimum surface of the overlap zone being delimited by an angular sector, originating from the main axis and defined in a plane orthogonal to the main axis, between 10 and 30°, in particular 10 and 20°.
• the plurality of electrodes may be arranged in a winding centered on an extension axis and/or in a stack extending along an extension axis, the at least one return element and/or or the hull being centered on such an axis.
• the compression device may comprise a plurality of return elements arranged along at least one dimension, in particular a longest dimension, of the plurality of electrodes and/or of the shell, the plurality of return elements extending over all or part of said dimension.
• the plurality of reminder elements may comprise a first reminder element, having a central position along the defined dimension, and at least a second reminder element, having a more extreme position along this same dimension, the first element recall having a greater stiffness coefficient than the at least one second recall element.
• the electrochemical cell may comprise an electrically insulating sheet arranged around the plurality of electrodes so as to be interposed between the plurality of electrodes and the shell.
• the invention also relates to an electrical energy storage device, in particular intended for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one electrochemical cell as described above.
• the invention also relates to a hybrid or electric motor vehicle comprising at least one electrochemical cell and/or at least one electrical energy storage device according to the invention.
• the invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing an electrochemical cell as described above, comprising:
• FIG.l is an exploded schematic representation of an embodiment of an electrochemical cell according to the invention.
• the [Fig.2] is a schematic representation in perspective of the electrochemical cell.
• FIG.3 is a schematic sectional representation of an electrochemical cell comprising a return element according to a first embodiment.
• the [Fig.4] is a perspective view of the return element according to the first embodiment.
• the [Fig.5] is a schematic representation of the electrochemical cell illustrated in [Fig.3], when the return element is in a first configuration.
• the [Fig.6] is a schematic representation of the electrochemical cell illustrated in [Fig.3], when the return element is in a second configuration.
• the [Fig.7] is a lateral schematic representation of the return element according to the first embodiment.
• the [Fig.8] is a schematic representation seen from above of a shell of the electrochemical cell.
• FIG.9 is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the electrochemical cell.
• the [Fig.10] is a schematic representation of an electrochemical cell comprising a return element according to a second embodiment, when it is in the first configuration.
• the [Fig.11] is a schematic representation of an electrochemical cell comprising a return element according to the second embodiment, when it is in the second configuration.
• the [Fig.12] is a schematic representation of steps of a method of manufacturing an electrochemical cell according to the invention.
• FIGS 1 and 2 show an embodiment of an electrochemical cell 1 according to one embodiment of the invention for an electrical energy storage device.
• the energy storage device also called “battery” or “electric battery”
• the energy storage device comprises a plurality of electrochemical cells 1 and can be intended, by way of non-limiting example, for a mobile vehicle, in particular a vehicle with hybrid or electric motorization. It should be noted that, in all the figures, the dimensions and spacings separating the various components may be exaggerated for purposes of clarity.
• the electrochemical cell 1 is able to store energy in chemical form and to restore it in the form of an electric current.
• the electrochemical cells can, for example, be of the “lithium-ion” type, also called “Li-ion”.
• the electrochemical cell 1 comprises a rigid packaging 2, a plurality of electrodes 3, and a compression device 4 of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• Rigid packaging 2 comprises in particular a casing 21 capable of receiving at least the plurality of electrodes 3 and defining a negative terminal of electrochemical cell 1.
• Packaging 2 further comprises a cover 22 configured to cooperate with the casing 21 in order to define, once assembled thereto, a hermetically closed space in which the plurality of electrodes 3 extend.
• the electrochemical cell 1 can thus have a cylindrical structure, in particular with a circular base, or prismatic , that is to say with a polygonal base, in particular square or rectangular.
• the packaging 2, in particular the box 21 and/or the cover 22, can for example be made of nickel-plated aluminum or of a polymer material. “Rigid” packaging 2 is thus understood to mean that it is little or even not deformable, in particular little deformable due to the material(s) used to make the packaging.
• the plurality of electrodes 3 comprises at least one anode and one cathode spaced apart by an electrically insulating separation element, not shown, and is arranged so as to present an alternation of an anode and a cathode.
• the plurality of electrodes 3 can be arranged in a winding, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 12, or, alternatively, in a stack. According to yet another alternative not shown, the plurality of electrodes 3 can be arranged according to a combination of winding(s) and stack(s).
• the plurality of electrodes 3 when the plurality of electrodes 3 is arranged in a winding, the latter is centered on an extension axis 200, whereas when the plurality of electrodes 3 is arranged in a stack or a com- combination of stack(s) and winding(s), the latter can extend along such an extension axis 200.
• This stacking arrangement can in particular be found in the case of prismatic electrochemical cells, not shown.
• the electrochemical cell 1 can be at least partially filled with an electrolyte, for example an organic electrolyte, soaking the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the electrolyte can, by way of non-limiting example, consist of lithium salts (LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiC10 4 , LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiBOB) dissolved in one or more organic solvent(s) such as dimethyl, ethylene, diethyl, propylene, or acetonitrile.
• the compression device 4 comprises a shell 5 and at least one return element 6.
• the shell 5 is made of a metallic material, such as stainless steel.
• the shell 5 may comprise one or more parts 50, in particular one or more blade(s) or lamella(es) arranged relative to each other so as to fit into a shape of shell 5 and configured to cooperate with each other.
• the shell 5 can, for example, be initially made in a flat or substantially flat part then shaped or arranged in order to adopt the shape of a shell 5, in particular around an axis.
• the shell 5 is configured to surround the plurality of electrodes 3 along a contour of the winding or of the stack of electrodes 3. In other words, in a plane orthogonal to the axis of extension 200, the shell is configured to surround the plurality of electrodes along a perimeter of the base of the electrode coil or stack.
• the shell 5 is configured in order to present a form complementary, or substantially complementary, to the winding or the stacking of the plurality of electrodes 3 in order to maximize a contact surface, direct or indirect, with these.
• the shell 5 preferably has a circular base.
• the shell 5 has a polygonal base, in particular square or rectangular.
• the shell 5 is centered on a main axis 500, which can, in particular, be confused with the axis of extension 200 of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the shell 5 is particularly dimensioned and shaped so that, when it is placed within the electrochemical cell 1, it has a closed shape along at least the outline, or the perimeter, of the plurality of electrodes 3. It has at least one overlap zone 51 of a plurality of distinct portions, specific to one or more part(s) 50 of the shell 5.
• overlap is understood to mean a superposition of a plurality of portions of the shell 5 along a radial axis 250, or thogonal to the axis of extension 200 and/or to the main axis 500.
• the shell 5 has a mobile structure.
• the shell 5 is configured in such a way that the portions 511, 512 of the same overlapping zone 51 are moved relative to one another according to the volume variations of the plurality of electrodes 3 observed during operation, or again due to aging, of the electrochemical cell 1.
• a main dimension 550 of the base of the shell 5 is caused to vary.
• the term "main dimension" means in particular a diameter of a circular base, in the case of a cylindrical cell, or a diagonal of a polygonal base in the case of a prismatic cell.
• Such a principal dimension 550 will thus increase with the expansion of the volume of the plurality of electrodes, and, conversely, decrease with its contraction.
• the at least one overlapping zone 51 has a variable surface area depending on the volume of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the surface of the overlapping zone 51 is maximum when the volume of the plurality of electrodes 3 is minimal, for example in the case of an electrochemical cell 1 in the discharge phase and/or at the start of its life.
• the main dimension 550 of the shell 5 is then also minimal.
• the volume of the plurality of electrodes 3 increases, for example during charging of the electrochemical cell 1 and/or due to its aging, the first portion 511 and the second portion 512 are moved relative to one another. another due to the force exerted by the plurality of electrodes 3 on the shell 5.
• the surface of the overlap zone 51 is then reduced.
• a minimum surface value can be predefined beforehand as a function of a maximum volume of the plurality of electrodes, allowed by the cell, such a volume being able, for example, to be conditioned by the dimensions of the packaging 2 and/or of the return element 6, as further explained below.
• the overlap zone 51 can be configured so as to fall within an angular sector m, coming from the main axis 500, between 10 and 30°, or even between 10 and 20°, in particular when the surface of the overlap zone 51 considered is minimal.
• Such an arrangement aims in particular to prevent an abnormal displacement of the portions 511, 512 of the shell 5 and the appearance of areas of the contour of the plurality of "bare" electrodes, that is to say not surrounded by the shell 5 along the considered perimeter.
• the shell 5 is advantageously configured to allow breathing of the electrochemical cell 1, its shape being adapted to the volume variation of the plurality of electrodes 3 both over the cycles of use of the latter and over its life.
• the operation of the shell 5 relative to volume variations, in particular to volume contraction, of the plurality of electrodes 3 will be further detailed below.
• the electrochemical cell 1 may further comprise an electrically insulating sheet 7 arranged around the plurality of electrodes 3 so as to be interposed between the plurality of electrodes 3 and the shell 5 on the along the radial axis 250.
• a sheet 7 can be made of polyester, for example Mylar®.
• Such a sheet 7 can be an added element and arranged so as to extend around the winding or the stack of electrodes 3 in order to prevent direct contact between the shell 5 and the latter and thus their friction or short circuits.
• such a sheet 7 may correspond to an end part of the insulating element integrated into the winding or the stack of electrodes 3 in order to separate a cathode and an adjacent anode. The insulating element is then dimensioned in order to allow the stack or the winding of electrodes 3 to be surrounded.
• the shell 5 may comprise a plurality of parts 50, in particular blades or slats. These parts 50, movable relative to each other, are configured to cooperate together and to fit into a shape defining the shell 5.
• said parts 50 correspond to parts of a cylinder arranged so as to fit into a form of cylindrical or substantially cylindrical shell 5 .
• a similar principle can also be implemented for a prismatic structure.
• the shell 5 extends along the contour, or the perimeter, of the plurality of electrodes 3, and surrounds the plurality of electrodes 3. It then has a plurality of overlapping zones 51, the number of overlapping zones being in particular equal to the number of parts 50 of the shell 5.
• a first blade 52 and a second blade 53 each comprise a first end portion 511 and a second extreme portion 512, opposite within the blade in question.
• the first extreme portion 511 of the first blade 52 and the second extreme portion 512 of the second blade 53 are arranged so as to form a first overlapping zone 51', while the first extreme portion 511 of the second blade 53 and the second extreme portion 512 of the first blade 52 are arranged so as to form a second overlap zone 51”.
• the first overlapping zone 51' and the second overlapping zone 51' can be configured so as to be inscribed in an angular sector, originating from the main axis 500, including between 10 and 30°, in particular 10 and 20°, in particular when the surface of the overlapping zone considered is minimal.
• the different parts of the shell 5 are arranged so that portions 511, 512 of the same piece 50 have an alternation in their position from one overlap zone 51 to another.
• the first portion 511 of the first strip 52 is interposed between the plurality of electrodes 3 and the second portion 512 of the second strip 53 along the radial axis 250 in the first zone of overlap 5G while the second portion 512 of the first blade 52 is at least separated from the plurality of electrodes 3 by the first portion 511 of the second blade 53 in the second overlap zone 51”.
• the shell 5 can be configured so that the first overlapping zone 51 and the second overlapping zone 51 have an opposite or substantially opposite position, for example diametrically opposite in the example illustrated, within of the hull 5.
• the shell 5 is interposed between the plurality of electrodes 3 and the at least one return element 6 along the radial axis 250.
• the at least one return element is interposed between the plurality of electrodes 3, as well as the shell 5, on the one hand and at least a part of the packaging 2, in particular the housing 21, on the other hand, along the axis radial 250.
• Figures 3 to 7 and 9 to 11 describe different embodiments and alternatives of the compression device 4.
• Figures 3 to 7 illustrate examples of a compression device 4 comprising a single return element 6 made according to a first embodiment.
• FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a second embodiment of the return element 6.
• [Lig.9] describes an alternative embodiment of a compression device 4 comprising a plurality of reminder according to the first embodiment. It is understood that the whole of the description given with reference to a return element 6 can then extend to all or part of the plurality of return elements when the compression device 4 comprises a plurality thereof. Also, the compression device 4 can advantageously comprise a plurality of return elements 6 according to the second embodiment or, alternatively, a plurality of return elements 6 according to the first and/or the second embodiment.
• the return element 6 is at least partly elastically deformable and is configured to be deformed between at least a first configuration and a second configuration depending on the volume of the plurality of electrodes 3. It it is understood that such configurations represent the most extreme positions of the return element 6, at least one intermediate position being able to exist between said configurations.
• the first configuration can be considered as a so-called “rest” configuration towards which the return element 6 returns, or aims to regain, by virtue of its elastic properties when it is not subjected to any force or when a such effort decreases.
• the return element 6 comprises a body 61 and a plurality of fins 62.
• the body 61 has a closed structure and is configured to surround at least the assembly formed by the plurality of electrodes 3 and the shell 5.
• the body 61 preferably has a complementary shape of that of the shell 5 and/or of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the shell 5 has a circular base
• the same applies to the body 61 of the return element 6 so as to optimize the surfaces of contact between the return element 6 and the shell 5.
• a similar principle applies with a shell 5 having a polygonal base, in particular square or rectangular.
• the body 61 can be centered on an axis 600, which can advantageously coincide with the axis of extension 200 of the plurality of electrodes 3 and/or the axis of extension 500 of the shell 5.
• the plurality of electrodes 3 and/or the shell 5 and/or the at least one return element 6 can be concentric, or substantially concentric.
• the body 61 particularly has a rigid structure, that is to say in particular a structure such that it is not, or only slightly, deformed by the volume variation of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the body can thus participate in setting a limit of the maximum tolerated volume of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the plurality of fins 62 is connected to the body 61 and has an elastically deformable structure.
• the body 61 and the plurality of fins 62 form a one-piece assembly, that is to say they cannot be separated from each other without resulting in the destruction or degradation of the element reminder 6.
• the reminder element 6 can be made of stainless steel, the plurality of fins 62 then being obtained by cutting in the body 61 and each fin 62 bordering an opening 64 included in the body 61.
• the description below is made with reference to a fin 62, it is nevertheless understood that any characteristic relating to a fin can extend to all or part of the plurality of fins 62.
• the fin 62 has a elongated structure, for example a rectangular structure.
• the fin 62 can extend parallel, or substantially parallel, to the axis 600 of the body 61, in particular along the latter.
• the fin 62 can extend over all or part of a height 675 of the body 61, measured along the axis 600. According to a non-limiting example, the fin 62 can extend to the less over most of the height 675 of the body 61, for example over 70 to 95% of such a height. Alternatively, a plurality of fins 62 may extend in continuity with each other along the height 675 of the body 61, each of said fins 62 then extending over part of the height 675 of the body 61.
• the body 61 can comprise two extreme flanges 65, opposite along the axis 600, solid, that is to say devoid of fins 62.
• the return element 6 can extend over all or part a height of the hull 5, such a height being defined along the main axis 500 on which the hull 5 is centered.
• the height 675 of the return element 6 can advantageously be less than or equal to the height of the shell 5, the latter distributing the forces exerted by the return element 6. It is thus possible to reduce the mass of the assembly of the electrochemical cell by reducing the dimensions of the return element 6.
• the fin 62 is connected to the body 61 at one of its sides and has a variable inclination a relative thereto, thus making the fin elastically deformable.
• Such variability of the inclination a aims to ensure permanent contact between the fin 62 and the shell 5, independently of the volume of the plurality of electrodes 3 and of the main dimension 550 of the base of the shell 5.
• the return element 6 exerts a constant and adapted compression on the plurality of electrodes 3 in order to maintain an adapted contact within the winding or the stack, and this independently of the operating cycle or of the wear of the electrochemical cell 1.
• a value of the inclination a is maximum when the at least one return element 6 is in the first configuration, that is to say when the volume of the plurality of electrodes and the main dimension 550 of the shell 5 are minimal.
• the fin 62 is then deployed and extends projecting from the body 61 in order to exert a compressive force on the shell 5 and therefore, indirectly, on the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the force exerted by the return element 6 causes the deformation of the shell 5, and in particular the displacement of the portions 511 , 512 of the shell 5 relative to each other.
• the area of the overlap zone increases and the main dimension 550 of the shell 5 is reduced.
• the return element 6 thus allows the plating of the shell 5 against the plurality of electrodes 3 when their volume decreases, for example during a discharge phase, and allows the compression of the various components of the winding or the stacking to maintain good contact.
• a space separating the shell 5 from the body 61 of the return element 6 then increases, until it is maximum when the return element 6 is in the first configuration.
• the fin 62 can be configured so as to present an in- inclination a maximum strictly less than 90°, in particular less than 85°.
• the latter exerts a force on the shell 5 which transmits it to the fin 62.
• This is then folded towards the body 61 and the inclination a of the fin 62 is reduced compared to that observed when the return element 6 is in the first confi guration.
• the fin 62 thus folded back exerts, in return, a compressive force on the shell 5 and the plurality of electrodes 3, also making it possible to maintain contact between the various components as explained above.
• the value of the inclination a is minimum when the at least one return element 6 is in the second configuration, that is to say when the volume of the plurality of electrodes is maximum with respect to the limit maximum allowed by the compression device 4 and/or the packaging 2 of the cell.
• the minimum inclination a can be zero, so that the shell
• the presence of the shell 5 in combination with the return element 6 and interposed between the latter and the plurality of electrodes 3 along the radial axis 250 thus advantageously makes it possible to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the compressive force exerted by the return element 6 on the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the force exerted locally by the fins 62 on an outer face 501 of the shell 5 is indeed distributed in the structure of the shell 5.
• the contact surface between an internal face 502, opposite the external face 501, of the shell 5 with the winding or the stack of electrodes 3 being greater than the contact surface observed between the fins 62 and the shell 5, it thus allows a more homogeneous transmission of the force exerted by the return element
• the plurality of fins 62 of the return element 6 has, preferably, a regular arrangement on the circumference of the body 61.
• the fins are regularly distributed in the body 61 and have a spacing, separating adjacent fins 62, regular.
• the fins 62 of the plurality of fins 62 preferably have identical dimensions.
• the number of fins 62 illustrated, distributed along the circumference of the body 61, is in no way limiting. It is understood that the return element may comprise a distinct number of fins, in particular greater or less than what is shown in the various figures.
• the compression device 4 can, alternatively, advantageously comprise a plurality of return elements 6, each extending at least partially in contact with the shell 5.
• the previous description applies mutatis mutandis to this alternative, the characteristics relating to the reminder element 6 being able to extend to all or part of the plurality of elements of reminder 6.
• the various reminder elements 6 are made according to the first embodiment as described above, that is to say that each comprises a body 61 and a plurality of fins 62.
• the plurality of return elements 6 is arranged along at least one dimension, in particular a longest dimension, of the plurality of electrodes 3 and/or of the shell 5.
• the plurality of return elements 6 can be arranged along the extension axis 200 of the plurality of electrodes 3 and/or along the main axis 500 on which the shell 5 is centered.
• a dimension may be a height of the shell 5 and/or of the electrode winding 3 in the case of a cylindrical electrochemical cell 1 as illustrated.
• the plurality of return elements 6 can then extend over all or part of such a dimension, the different return elements 601, 602, 603 possibly or not being in contact with each other.
• the compression device 4 comprises a first return element 601, a second return element 602 and a third return element 603 arranged along the main axis 500 of the shell 5 and along of the extension axis 200 of the winding of the plurality of electrodes 3, that is to say along their height, in contact with each other.
• the first biasing element 601 and/or the second biasing element 602 and/or the third biasing element 603 can be coaxial. In particular, these can be centered on the main axis 500 and/or on the extension axis 200, that is to say that all or part of the plurality of return elements 6 and/or the shell 5 and/or the winding or the stack of electrodes 3 can be concentric.
• the first return element 601 has a central position along the dimension considered, while the second return element 602 and the third return element 603 have a more extreme position along this same dimension.
• the second return element 602 and the third return element 603 extend on either side of the first return element 601 along the main axis 500 and/or the axis d extension 200.
• the various return elements can be configured so as to have distinct characteristics, for example a distinct stiffness coefficient.
• the variations in volume of the plurality of electrodes 3 can be heterogeneous within a winding or a stack considered. In particular, it is known that such variations can be greater at the level of a central part of the winding or of the stack.
• the compression device 4 can advantageously be configured so that the first return element 601, having a central positioning along the height of the plurality of electrodes 3 and/or of the shell 5, is characterized by a coefficient of stiffness greater than that of the second return element 602 and/or of the third reminder element 603.
• Such an arrangement thus makes it possible, on the one hand, to facilitate the assembly of the electrochemical cell 1 as detailed below, and, on the other hand, to adapt the compressive force exerted on the shell 5 to a possible heterogeneity of the volume variation of the plurality of electrodes 3 observed in different parts of the winding or the stack.
• the example illustrated and previously detailed is in no way limiting.
• the compression device 4 comprises a plurality of return elements 6, it may comprise less or more than three return elements 6, the preceding description then applies mutatis mutandis to such alternatives.
• these different return elements 6 can then be arranged in contact or at a non-zero distance from each other so that they extend over all or part of the height of the shell 5, the latter advantageously allowing distribution the forces exerted by these various return elements.
• the electrochemical cell 1 can comprise, alternatively or in combination of the embodiments and alternatives set out above, a plurality of shells 5, arranged along at least one dimension, in particular the longest dimension, of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the plurality of shells 5 can be arranged along the axis of extension 200 of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the description given with reference to a plurality of return elements 6 applies here mutatis mutandis, the plurality of shells 5 extending, preferably, over the whole of the considered dimension of the plurality of electrodes.
• FIGS 10 and 11 schematically illustrate an embodiment of an electrochemical cell 1 comprising a second embodiment of the return element 6, respectively when the latter is in the first configuration and in the second configuration.
• the illustrated electrochemical cell 1 differs from that previously described by its return element 6, also the previous description, in particular relating to the structure of the electrochemical cell 1, the number of return elements 6 or the shell 5, s applies mutatis mutandis to the description below.
• the return element 6, or alternatively at least one return element 6 of a plurality of return elements 6, has a so-called “accordion” structure.
• an accordion structure is preferably inscribed in a shape complementary to the shape of the shell 5 and/or of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• An “accordion” structure is understood to mean a structure comprising a plurality of corrugations or, as shown, folds 63 that are elastically deformable and defined by angles b of variable dimensions depending on the volume of the plurality of electrodes 3, and therefore on the main dimension 550 of the shell 5.
• the folds or undulations 63 are here defined in a plane orthogonal to the axis of extension 200 or to the main axis 500, it is nevertheless understood that they can extend over all or part of the height of the element of reminder 6. In other words, the different folds or undulations 63 can extend along the extension axis 200 of the plurality of electrodes 3 and/or the main axis of the shell 5. Also, it It is understood that the shape of the undulations or folds 63 illustrated is in no way limiting. Also, such (the) s on dulation or folds 63 may have, as shown, end portions, or peaks, pointed, rounded and / or flat as well as straight portions, as shown, or curved.
• the return element 6 according to the present embodiment can be made of a metallic material, in particular stainless steel.
• angles b and/or the shape of the folds 63 or undulations vary(s) depending on whether the at least one return element 6 is in the first configuration, that is to say when the volume of the plurality of electrode and the main dimension 550 of the shell 5 are minimal, or in the second configuration, that is to say when the volume of the plurality of electrodes 3 and the main dimension 550 of the shell 5 are the most big.
• the angle value b specific to each fold or undulation 63 when the return element 6 is at rest in the first configuration can be between and 40 and 120°, or even between 45 and 60°.
• the concertina structure is thus such that the return element 6 surrounds the shell 5 and has an alternation between zones of contact and non-contact with the shell 5, that is to say extending at a non-zero distance from the shell 5.
• Each fold or undulation 63 of the return element 6 is here delimited by two zones of contact with the shell 5 along the outline, or the outer periphery, of the shell 5.
• the return element 6 extends in contact with the packaging 2, in particular an internal surface of the packaging, facing the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the compression device 4 allows the variation of the volume of the winding or of the stack of electrodes 3 by implementing a more or less significant crushing of the folds or undulations 63 of the return element 6 between shell 5 and packaging 2, which deform, for example as illustrated in the insert of [Fig.11].
• the return element 6 thus bears against the packaging 2 and is constantly in contact, at least partially, with the shell 5 so as to allow the variation in volume of the plurality of electrodes 3 while exerting a force, at the level of the contact zones, on the shell 5 which is then transmitted homogeneously to the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the main dimension 5 of the shell 5 does the same , crushing the return element 6 against the packaging 2.
• the straight portions of the folds 63 are deformed so as to form circular arcs and the angle b is then gradually reduced until the return element 6 reaches the second configuration.
• the return element 6 then exerts, in return, a compressive force on the shell 5 and the plurality of electrodes 3 as described above.
• the return element 6, resting on the packaging 2 naturally returns to the first configuration. It exerts a force on the shell 5 causing the reduction of the main dimension 550 thereof and pressing it against the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the compression force thus exerted locally by the return element 6 on the shell is then transmitted more homogeneously to the plurality of electrodes, as for the first embodiment. It is understood that the example of crushing of the return element 6 is in no way limiting and is represented here by way of indication.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an electrochemical cell 1 as described above.
• the method illustrated in [Fig.12] notably implements a compression device 4 comprising a single return element 6 according to the first embodiment. It is nevertheless understood that the present method extends, mutatis mutandis to the second embodiment as well as to the alternative embodiments comprising a plurality of return elements 6 and/or shells 5.
• the method may optionally comprise a step of stacking or winding a plurality of electrodes 3 so as to present an alternation of an anode and a cathode, in particular so that an anode and an adjacent cathode are separated by an insulating element as explained above.
• the plurality of electrodes 3 can be supplied assembled beforehand in a winding or a stack.
• the method according to the invention comprises a step of positioning El of the at least one return element 6 on a tool 8, in particular a tool for holding and/or guiding the at least one return element 6
• the compression device 4 comprises a plurality of return elements 6, these are arranged on the same tool 8.
• the tool may, by way of non-limiting example, have a shape at least partly complementary to the return element 6, in particular of an inner face of the return element 6.
• the tool can have a cylindrical shape .
• such a tool can be configured so as to cooperate with the return element 6 when the latter is in the first configuration and/or in order to position the latter in the first configuration.
• the shell 5 is positioned around the winding or the stack of the plurality of electrodes 3.
• Such a positioning step can be carried out beforehand. lately, simultaneously or subsequently to the positioning El of the at least one return element 6 on the tool.
• the method according to the invention comprises, prior to the positioning of the shell 5 on the plurality of electrodes 3, a step of winding the plurality of electrodes 3 in the sheet 7.
• the shell 5 is then arranged around the assembly formed by the sheet 7 and the winding or the stack of electrodes 3 so as to be in direct contact only with the sheet .
• the assembly formed by the plurality of electrodes 3 and the shell 5 is then placed E2 opposite the at least one return element 6, held by the tool.
• such an assembly is arranged so that the shell 5 and the at least one return element 6 are concentric.
• the shell 5 and the return element 6 are both centered on the main axis 500 of the shell 5 and/or the axis of extension 200 of the winding of electrodes 3.
• the at least one return element 6 is deformed, during a deformation step E3, in order to be arranged so as to surround the shell 5.
• the at least a return element can be deformed and moved E3 relative to the shell 5 so as to surround the shell 5 and the plurality of electrodes 3.
• the at least one return element 6 can be moved according to a translational movement along the main axis 500 of the shell 5 and/or the extension axis 200 of the winding or of the stack of electrodes 3.
• the assembly formed by the plurality of electrodes, the shell 5 and the at least one return element 6 can then be inserted into the rigid packaging 2, in particular into the housing 21.
• the lid 22 is then placed in order to hermetically close the cell, then sealed.
• the electrochemical cell 1 comprises an electrolyte
• the latter is inserted into the casing 21 before or after the packaging 2 is closed by injection so that the compression device 4 and the plurality of electrodes 3 are immersed in said electrolyte.
• the lid 22 can then be positioned and the packaging 2 closed and sealed.
• the present invention thus proposes an electrochemical cell for an electrical energy storage device, in particular intended for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of electrodes and a compression device adapted to the volume variations of the plurality of electrodes. observed over the operating cycles and aging of the electrochemical cell.
• the compression device comprises in particular a shell and at least one return element, at least partly elastically deformable.
• Such a compression device advantageously allows the constant exercise of a suitable compression on the plurality of electrodes in order to maintain the various elements in contact with each other and thus allow a better homogeneity of its operation, and therefore of its ageing, thus making it more suitable for new charging methods.
• the present invention cannot however be limited to the means and configurations described and illustrated here and it also extends to any equivalent means or configuration and to any technically effective combination of such means.
• the shape and dimensions of the electrical terminals or the number of electrodes can be modified without harming the invention insofar as they ultimately fulfill the functions described and illustrated in this document.

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• 2021
  • 2021-07-22 FR FR2107959A patent/FR3125437A1/fr active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-06-21 EP EP22735851.2A patent/EP4374448A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-06-30 US US17/854,510 patent/US20230044005A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-07-12 EP EP22184511.8A patent/EP4122596A1/de active Pending
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