EP4372288A1 - Wärmepumpensystem mit einer oder mehreren vorrichtungen zur blockierung von kältemittellecks - Google Patents

Wärmepumpensystem mit einer oder mehreren vorrichtungen zur blockierung von kältemittellecks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4372288A1
EP4372288A1 EP23204397.6A EP23204397A EP4372288A1 EP 4372288 A1 EP4372288 A1 EP 4372288A1 EP 23204397 A EP23204397 A EP 23204397A EP 4372288 A1 EP4372288 A1 EP 4372288A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump system
heat pump
fluid
conditioning circuit
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23204397.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lorenzo Marra
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ariston SpA
Original Assignee
Ariston SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ariston SpA filed Critical Ariston SpA
Publication of EP4372288A1 publication Critical patent/EP4372288A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1039—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/12—Preventing or detecting fluid leakage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a heat pump system for room heating/cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water and preferably operating with low environmental impact refrigerants.
  • the object of the present invention is a heat pump system for room heating/cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water arranged to prevent any refrigerant leaks from spreading internally into the environment in which said heat pump system is installed and/or operates.
  • the object of the present invention is a heat pump system for room heating/cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water comprising one or more devices adapted to prevent said possible refrigerant leaks from reaching the room heating or domestic water production system.
  • the invention therefore falls within the sector of heat pump conditioning equipment for residential and/or industrial/commercial buildings (or the like), where "conditioning” is indifferently referred to as “heating” or “cooling”, preferably made by electrical power supply.
  • a heat pump system comprises at least:
  • the refrigeration circuit and the conditioning circuit share at least one heat exchanger in which the heat exchange between the relative refrigerating and technical fluids is carried out.
  • said heat exchanger operates as a condenser.
  • the most polluting refrigerants such as the common R410A
  • others having a low environmental impact i.e. having a low " Global Warming Potential " or " GWP ”
  • GWP Global Warming Potential
  • propane R290 chemical formula: CsHs
  • R32 a difluoromethane having chemical formula CH 2 F 2
  • Such refrigerants or others belonging to the same families or similar groups, although having a low environmental impact, are not free from drawbacks.
  • said heat pump system has been equipped with a degasser device capable of stopping the flow of the technical fluid (e.g. of the technical water) towards the conditioning circuit in presence of refrigerant leaks and of preventing the spreading thereof in the direction of the operating flow, or in the opposite direction, in any case adapted to prevent said refrigerant leaks from reaching pipes, manifolds, valves, radiators, fan coils or any other device used to make the technical fluid distribution circuit inside a building.
  • a degasser device capable of stopping the flow of the technical fluid (e.g. of the technical water) towards the conditioning circuit in presence of refrigerant leaks and of preventing the spreading thereof in the direction of the operating flow, or in the opposite direction, in any case adapted to prevent said refrigerant leaks from reaching pipes, manifolds, valves, radiators, fan coils or any other device used to make the technical fluid distribution circuit inside a building.
  • a first example of a known degasser device is shown and described in document EP 3 734 197 A1 .
  • operating flow or "operating direction” shall be referred to as the direction normally imparted to the technical fluid by a circulation pump of the conditioning circuit when the heat pump system operates in heating and/or cooling conditions (for greater clarity, see also Fig. 1 , where, by way of a non-limiting example, said "operating flow or direction” is represented by the arrow F).
  • the prior art document DE102020103743B4 shows, by way of an example, a further known degasser device of the type comprising a float appropriately designed for stopping the operating flow of the technical fluid when the extent of the refrigerant leaks are greater than a predefined and normally tolerated value.
  • said degasser device may be placed, or at least directly communicating, with the external environment so as to allow said refrigerant leaks to be discharged into the atmosphere.
  • Said heat pump systems may be further equipped with special and well-known valves, generally non-return valves (also referred to as “check” or “anti-flooding”) which prevent said refrigerant leaks and escapes from flowing towards the conditioning circuit in opposite direction to that of operation of the technical fluid, i.e., as opposed to the circulation pump.
  • valves generally non-return valves (also referred to as “check” or “anti-flooding”) which prevent said refrigerant leaks and escapes from flowing towards the conditioning circuit in opposite direction to that of operation of the technical fluid, i.e., as opposed to the circulation pump.
  • the check valve (or similar non-return devices), preventing the flow of refrigerant through the same valve, does not allow it to expand in the conditioning circuit, preventing an effective and quick "absorption" of the above-mentioned pressure peaks; this may increase the risk of breakages and/or malfunctions.
  • the object of the present invention is to obviate such type of inconveniences by providing a low environmental impact heat pump system for room heating/cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water comprising at least one highly efficient device capable of preventing possible refrigerant leaks from spreading internally to the installation and/or usage environment.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a low environmental impact heat pump system for room heating/cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water in which said at least one device adapted to intercept and block said possible refrigerant leaks also acts as a compensation element of the pressure peaks resulting from said refrigerant leaks.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a low environmental impact heat pump system for room heating/cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water in which said at least one device adapted to intercept and block said possible refrigerant leaks introduces a substantially negligible resistance to the flow of technical fluid of the same heat pump system, i.e. low or limited load losses.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a low environmental impact heat pump system for room heating/cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water without check valves.
  • Reference numeral 1 therefore indicates, as a whole, the heat pump system of the invention that may be used for a domestic or non-domestic environment (e.g. commercial or industrial) heating and/or cooling functions and/or for the production of domestic water, for example domestic hot water.
  • a domestic or non-domestic environment e.g. commercial or industrial
  • a first circuit 2 is shown of the heat pump system 1, in which a refrigerant fluid which is evaporated at low pressure circulates, brought to high pressure, condensed and finally brought back to an evaporation pressure, and a second circuit 3 crossed by a technical fluid, preferably technical water, that may be used for room heating/cooling and/or for the production of domestic water.
  • a technical fluid preferably technical water
  • said first and second circuit of the heat pump system 1 of the invention shall be respectively referred to as “refrigeration circuit 2" and “conditioning circuit 3", where, as already mentioned, “conditioning” is indifferently to be referred to as both the cooling/heating function of an environment, and that for domestic water heating.
  • refrigerant fluid shall be referred to as, without any limiting intent, a low environmental impact refrigerant (e.g., having a low GWP - Global Warming Potential ) which, as mentioned, presents a greater flammability risk, such as, for example, the well-known R290 ( Propane ) , R32 ( Difluoromethane ) , or similar/the like.
  • a low environmental impact refrigerant e.g., having a low GWP - Global Warming Potential
  • R290 Propane
  • R32 Difluoromethane
  • the refrigerant fluid When in "heating" mode, the refrigerant fluid dissipates heat, by condensing, in the second exchanger 21 which therefore acts as a condenser, while absorbing heat, evaporating, in the first exchanger 20 which acts as an evaporator.
  • the above-mentioned first heat exchanger 20 operates as a condenser of the refrigeration circuit 2, the second exchanger 21 as a relative evaporator.
  • the second heat exchanger 21 is preferably that in which the heat exchange takes place between the refrigerant fluid of the refrigeration circuit 2 and the technical fluid of the conditioning circuit 3.
  • main heat exchanger said second heat exchanger 21 shall be referred to as “main heat exchanger” or, more simply, “main exchanger”.
  • said main heat exchanger 21 may therefore operate:
  • the conditioning circuit 3 may comprise at least one circulation pump 30 of the technical fluid and one or more terminals 31 for room heating/cooling and/or for the domestic water.
  • Said terminals 31 may therefore operate:
  • the circulation pump 30 may be placed upstream of the secondary side 25 of the main heat exchanger 21 (see Fig. 1 ).
  • the heat pump system 1 of the invention is preferably arranged to operate with low environmental impact refrigerant fluids (e.g. the well-known R32, propane R290 or the like) which, as seen, however, have the disadvantage of being flammable in contact with particularly hot components or elements or potentially able to produce sparks.
  • low environmental impact refrigerant fluids e.g. the well-known R32, propane R290 or the like
  • the conditioning circuit 3 may further comprise at least one relief valve 43 capable of opening for pressures of the technical fluid generally greater than 3 bars, allowing a discharge thereof, for example, into the atmosphere; such condition may occur in presence of considerable refrigerant leaks from the refrigeration circuit 2.
  • a possible ventilation valve 44 also known as “jolly” or “deaeration” valve, also allows for the expulsion of small refrigerant leaks coming from the refrigeration circuit 2 besides the air possibly present in the pipes and/or in the terminals 31 of said conditioning circuit 3.
  • said relief valve 43 and/or said ventilation valve 44 may be part of a degasser device 4, suitably arranged to stop the flow of technical fluid and/or prevent said possible losses of refrigerant fluid, mainly resulting from defects and/or breakages of one or more components or pipes of the refrigeration circuit 2 (e.g., of the main heat exchanger 21), from reaching the heating circuit 3, the relevant terminals 31 and therefore spreading into the domestic (or commercial/industrial) environment, with harmful and dangerous effects for the users.
  • degasser device 4 It is not necessary to dwell too much on the description of the technical and functional features of said degasser device 4 as it is a component per se already known to a person skilled in the art, widely used and available in a wide variety of models and construction variants.
  • said degasser device 4 is placed in the conditioning circuit 3 preferably downstream of the secondary side 25 of the main heat exchanger 21.
  • Said degasser device 4 may therefore comprise:
  • said safety valve 5 may be preferably placed, considering the operating direction F of the technical fluid in the conditioning circuit 3, upstream of the secondary side 25 of the main heat exchanger 21.
  • said safety valve 5 may be placed between the outlet of the circulation pump 30 of said conditioning circuit 3 and the inlet of said secondary side 25 of the main heat exchanger 21.
  • the first opening 51 of said container body 50 of the safety valve 5 is in fluid communication with the delivery of the circulation pump 30, while the second opening 52 is connected, for example via pipe sections, to the secondary side 25 of the main heat exchanger 21.
  • said first and second opening 51, 52 may be two opposite passage openings, a lower one 51 and an upper 52 one, i.e. located, respectively, on the bottom 55 of the container body 50 of the safety valve 5 and on the relative top wall 56 thereof.
  • said safety valve 5 acts as a stop valve for the refrigerant fluid directed, in case of leaks, towards the return branch 33 of the conditioning circuit 3 and the relevant terminals 31, but not for the technical fluid which is therefore free to pass therethrough.
  • the safety valve 5 may also comprise at least one stop or end-of-stroke device 54 (hereinafter simply referred to as "end-of stroke 54") which allows the shutter 53 to float in the technical fluid without ever obstructing the upper opening 52, ensuring at the same time, large passage sections and consequent low load losses.
  • end-of stroke 54 a stop or end-of-stroke device 54
  • the shutter 53 it is possible to adequately shape and size the shutter 53 to remain always sufficiently distanced from the upper opening 52 of the safety valve 5 and, at the same time, allow for the flow of at least the technical fluid.
  • at least two protrusions projecting from the upper face of the shutter 53 may be provided to act as abutment elements on the top wall 56 of the container body 50 of the safety valve 5 and defining radial passages therebetween for at least said technical fluid.
  • the density of said shutter 53 is instead greater than that of the refrigerant fluid. Therefore, when as a result of the above-mentioned leaks the safety valve 5 is completely filled with refrigerant, which has progressively replaced and substituted the technical fluid, the shutter 53 is no longer able to float, moving, also thanks to the contribution of the weight - force thereof, automatically and spontaneously on the bottom 55 of the container body 50, blocking the lower opening 51 thereof.
  • the shutter 53 When all the technical fluid will be completely expelled from the container body 50 of the safety valve 5 and totally replaced by the refrigerant, the shutter 53, not being able to float any longer, will rest on the bottom 55 of the same container body 50, closing hermetically the passage 51 towards the conditioning circuit 3, as a result of the high pressures of the same refrigerant.
  • said safety valve 5 is inserted in the heat pump system 1 of the invention with the sole intention of stopping possible retrograde flows FR of refrigerant towards the conditioning circuit 3, without any interest and purpose of also blocking the possible parasitic circulations CP of the technical fluid (e.g. of the technical water), which are therefore substantially tolerated.
  • the refrigerant fluid operates at high pressures (even in the order of a few tens of bars) and that, in case of leaks, it may generate pressure peaks which, propagating along the conditioning circuit 3, may generate damage to the relevant pipes and/or components, generally tested to work at lower pressures (usually equal to 3 bars).
  • the container body 50 acting as an expansion volume for the refrigerant, additional to that normally offered by the conditioning circuit 3, therefore allows said pressure peaks to be lowered and compensated more quickly, reducing potential damage to components such as the main heat exchanger 21, the degasser device 4 (in particular, the joints or fittings thereof connecting to the pipes of the conditioning circuit 3), the circulation pump 30, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
EP23204397.6A 2022-11-18 2023-10-18 Wärmepumpensystem mit einer oder mehreren vorrichtungen zur blockierung von kältemittellecks Pending EP4372288A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT202200023796 2022-11-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4372288A1 true EP4372288A1 (de) 2024-05-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23204397.6A Pending EP4372288A1 (de) 2022-11-18 2023-10-18 Wärmepumpensystem mit einer oder mehreren vorrichtungen zur blockierung von kältemittellecks

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EP (1) EP4372288A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3142238A3 (de)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1133045A (zh) 1993-04-01 1996-10-09 弗吉尼亚大学 作为止痛药和消炎药的7-氮杂双环[2，2，1]-庚烷和庚烯衍生物
CN1133045C (zh) * 1998-09-30 2003-12-31 施皮罗研究公司 一种操纵封闭的热水装置的方法和使用该方法的设备
US20190301750A1 (en) 2016-12-21 2019-10-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump use apparatus
US20190346191A1 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-11-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump apparatus
EP3734198A1 (de) * 2019-04-29 2020-11-04 Wolf GmbH Kältemittelabscheideeinrichtung für eine wärmepumpenanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer kältemittelabscheideeinrichtung
EP3734197A1 (de) 2017-12-25 2020-11-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Abscheider und kältekreislaufvorrichtung
EP3789686A1 (de) 2019-09-03 2021-03-10 Vaillant GmbH Wärmepumpensystem
DE102020103743B4 (de) 2020-02-13 2021-11-18 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Wärmepumpenanlage

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1133045A (zh) 1993-04-01 1996-10-09 弗吉尼亚大学 作为止痛药和消炎药的7-氮杂双环[2，2，1]-庚烷和庚烯衍生物
CN1133045C (zh) * 1998-09-30 2003-12-31 施皮罗研究公司 一种操纵封闭的热水装置的方法和使用该方法的设备
US20190346191A1 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-11-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump apparatus
US20190301750A1 (en) 2016-12-21 2019-10-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Heat pump use apparatus
EP3734197A1 (de) 2017-12-25 2020-11-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Abscheider und kältekreislaufvorrichtung
EP3734198A1 (de) * 2019-04-29 2020-11-04 Wolf GmbH Kältemittelabscheideeinrichtung für eine wärmepumpenanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer kältemittelabscheideeinrichtung
EP3789686A1 (de) 2019-09-03 2021-03-10 Vaillant GmbH Wärmepumpensystem
DE102020103743B4 (de) 2020-02-13 2021-11-18 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Wärmepumpenanlage

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Publication number Publication date
FR3142238A3 (fr) 2024-05-24

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