EP4366863A1 - In situ beschichtete partikel aus elektrisch geladenen bestandteilen - Google Patents
In situ beschichtete partikel aus elektrisch geladenen bestandteilenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4366863A1 EP4366863A1 EP22732939.8A EP22732939A EP4366863A1 EP 4366863 A1 EP4366863 A1 EP 4366863A1 EP 22732939 A EP22732939 A EP 22732939A EP 4366863 A1 EP4366863 A1 EP 4366863A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coated particles
- polymer solution
- coating material
- coated
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- CUNPJFGIODEJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F CUNPJFGIODEJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/04—Making microcapsules or microballoons by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the in situ production of coated particles consisting of core and shell, and coated particles obtained by this method.
- the coating of particles and other objects is an essential process in many areas of the chemical industry.
- the use of coatings is widespread, especially in the production of pharmaceuticals, food, fertilizers and cosmetics, as well as in biomedicine and nuclear technology.
- the coating process is performed to achieve one or more of the following goals: (i) protecting powders from oxygen, moisture or light, (ii) delaying or adjusting the release of active ingredients, (iii) obtaining particles with desired interfacial properties , making them more suitable for the final target applications (e.g.
- Coating processes can be applied to a variety of substrates ranging from submicron particles to very large objects.
- the layer thickness can vary from a few nanometers (e.g. chemical deposition) to several micrometers (e.g. film coating) or even several millimeters (e.g. sugar coating).
- electrostatic surface coating the application of one or more layers using electrical field forces, the object to be coated is charged in the opposite direction to the coating material. Accordingly, paint particles, for example, are transported to the surface of the object to be coated without an intermediate carrier (J. Pietschmann, Industrial Powder Coating, Vieweg + Teubner, 2010, Vol. 3). Due to electrostatic forces and the resulting repulsion of charges of the same name, particles are evenly distributed and the layer thickness is self-limiting after deposition.
- the electrical forces act as surface forces, since they attach to the charges that are on the surface of the particles due to their mutual repulsion . Electrostatic forces are particularly important when they outweigh inertial forces such as gravity and centrifugal force.
- Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting also known as electrojetting, is a well-known electrostatic production technique for producing polymer structures with resolutions down to the nanometer range. Different structures can be produced from particles to fibers to complex three-dimensional structures. Initially used mainly in the textile industry for yarn production, electrojetting is now used in other areas. Among other things, electrojetting is used to manufacture sensors and filter membranes.
- the application of a high voltage between the needle and the collector creates a charge in the polymer solution, which accelerates the solution from the shaped Taylor cone at the tip of the cannula towards the collector.
- the polymer solutions are stretched into a fine thread, which leads to an enlarged surface and thus to the subsequent drying of the polymer solution.
- the polymer thread can be collected as a continuous filament or breaks down into particles depending on parameters such as the flow rate of the solution, the voltage applied to the electrodes, and the concentration of the polymers in solution.
- One possibility for the production of core-shell particles is co-jetting with a coaxial needle arrangement. Since polymer solutions are used here, the shell consists at least partially of polymer even when other substances are suspended (K.-H. Roh et al., Nat. Mater., 2005, 4(10), 759-763; S. Bhaskar et al ., Small, 2010, 6(3), 404-411 ).
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing coated particles consisting of a core and a shell, the complete particle shell or at least the outer surface of the particle shell of the coated particles consisting essentially of coating material.
- a method for the in situ production of coated particles consisting of core and shell comprising the following steps: (i) providing a core-forming uncharged polymer solution optionally containing material dissolved therein and/or material suspended therein; (ii) providing a powdered uncharged coating material in a reactor; (iii) applying an electrical voltage to create an electric field in the reactor, thereby electrically grounding the powdered uncharged coating material; (iv) generating electrically charged droplets from the polymer solution by electrohydrodynamic jetting; and (v) introducing these charged droplets from the polymer solution into the grounded powdered coating material by accelerating the charged droplets from the polymer solution into the grounded powdered coating material, causing the grounded powdered coating material to adhere to the surface of the charged droplets of polymer solution as they dry accumulates and envelops the resulting particle cores.
- This method according to the invention advantageously means that coated particles consisting of core and shell can be produced in situ, with essentially only the coating material being present in the shell or at least on the particle surface, but e.g. no polymer material of the particle core.
- substantially means that the shell of the coated particles produced in situ consists of at least 80% by volume of the coating material, preferably at least 90% by volume and more preferably at least 95% by volume. Particularly preferably, only the coating material is present in the shell.
- the method according to the invention allows a simple variation of the materials of the core and/or the shell. Furthermore, the method according to the invention for the in situ production of coated particles is space-saving but at the same time scalable by arranging several cannulas and has a lower solvent requirement compared to wet coating methods.
- the method according to the invention comprises the in situ production of coated particles consisting of a core and a shell.
- the coated particles are not restricted further, provided they consist of core and cover exist.
- the coated particles can have an average particle diameter of 100 nm to 8 mm.
- the shape or the geometry of these coated particles is not further restricted, according to which they can represent, for example, spherical particles, ellipsoidal particles or fibers. If the particles coated according to the invention are in the form of fibers, the average particle diameter corresponds to the average diameter of the cross section of these fibers.
- the fiber length is preferably 0.1 mm to 10.0 cm, more preferably 0.3 mm to 5.0 cm, particularly preferably 0.5 mm to 4.0 cm.
- the average particle diameter of the coated particles defined above can be (i) for coated particles with an average particle size of 100 nm to 2 mm using "time-of-transition laser sizing" (CIS 100-S Galai Production Ltd., Migdal Haemek, Israel) and (ii) determined by light microscopy (VHX-5000, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) for coated particles with an average particle size of 2 mm to 8 mm.
- time-of-transition laser sizing CIS 100-S Galai Production Ltd., Migdal Haemek, Israel
- VHX-5000 light microscopy
- the method according to the invention comprises the provision of a nucleating and uncharged polymer solution which optionally contains material dissolved therein and/or material suspended therein.
- the polymer solution provided is not particularly limited as long as it contains at least one polymer and can be electrically charged.
- the above method according to the invention comprises the provision of a powdered uncharged coating material in a reactor, wherein according to the invention the coating material is not further restricted as long as it is in powdered form and can be electrically grounded.
- the reactor is also not further limited as long as a voltage can be applied therein and it is suitable for EHD jetting. That is, the reactor internally comprises an electrode which is connected via a voltage regulator to a container in which the polymer solution is provided.
- the method according to the invention above comprises the application of an electrical voltage in the reactor, as a result of which the powdered uncharged coating material is electrically grounded.
- the electrical voltage applied is not further restricted as long as it can be applied in the reactor and generate an electrical field.
- the method according to the invention further includes the generation of electrically charged droplets from the polymer solution by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting.
- EHD electrohydrodynamic
- the electrically charged droplets of the polymer solution are not further restricted according to the invention, as long as they can be electrically charged, can be coated with the powdered coating material and after successful coating with the coating material and inherent drying of these result in particles coated according to the invention which have an average particle diameter of 100 nm to 8 mm.
- the above method according to the invention comprises introducing these charged droplets from the polymer solution into the grounded powdered coating material by accelerating the charged droplets from the polymer solution into the grounded powdered coating material, causing the grounded powdered coating material on the surface of the charged droplets of the polymer solution accumulates during drying of the same and envelops the resulting particle cores.
- the charged drops hit the powdery coating material undried.
- the droplets and the powder-form coating material lying directly against the droplets are connected to one another as the droplets dry by the at least one polymer contained in the polymer solution.
- the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention can be adjusted by the electrical voltage applied.
- the composition of the coated particles is understood here to mean the overall composition of the core and the shell of the coated particles.
- the voltage applied is not further restricted here, provided that these are applied in the reactor and a can generate an electric field.
- the composition of the coated particles can be determined using simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) (thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a mass spectrometer (MS)).
- STA simultaneous thermal analysis
- TG thermogravimetry
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- MS mass spectrometer
- 5 to 8 mg of the corresponding coated particles are measured in an air/nitrogen atmosphere (nitrogen 20 ml/min; synthetic air 50 ml/min) in a corundum crucible.
- An empty corundum crucible is measured in parallel as a reference sample.
- an isothermal segment is performed at 35 °C for 10 minutes to allow the atmosphere in the gauge to stabilize. It is then heated to 1000° C. at a heating rate of 10 K/min.
- the mass numbers 18 (for H2O), 44 (CO2) and 64 (SO2) are then measured with the MS.
- the STA can be, for example, a Netzsch Jupiter 449 with TG/DSC sample holders connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer 409 (Aeolos, Netzsch, Selb, Germany).
- FIG. 1 illustrates by way of example the dependence of the composition of coated particles produced in situ according to the invention, consisting of graphite, magnetite and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), on the applied voltage in the reactor, for example 4.5 kV, 4.7 kV, 4.9kV, 5.1kV and 5.3kV.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention comprises at least one polymer and at least one coating material.
- the at least one polymer nor the at least one coating material in powder form are subject to particular restrictions according to the present invention, provided that the at least one coating material is in powder form and is comprised by the particle shell and the at least one polymer is comprised by the particle core. Consequently, the at least one polymer can in principle be a single polymer or a mixture of two or more polymers and the at least one powdered coating material can be a single powdered coating material or a mixture of two or more powdered coating materials.
- the at least one polymer is preferably selected from synthetic polymers and/or biological polymers, such as poly(meth)acrylates, polyethers, polyesters, polyethylene glycols, polyketones, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyamines, polyureas, polysiloxanes, polytetrafluoroethylene , Polyvinylidenes, polysaccharides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, derivatives thereof or copolymers thereof.
- the at least one polymer is selected from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and mixtures of the above polymers.
- the number-average molecular mass (M n ) of the at least one polymer is preferably 2000 g/mol to 600000 g/mol, more preferably 10000 g/mol to 550000 g/mol and particularly preferably 15000 g/mol to 120000 g/mol.
- the number-average molecular mass (Mn) can be determined using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC).
- GPC Gel Permeation Chromatography
- a Tosoh EcoSEC HLC-8320 SEC system with hexafluoroisopropanol and 0.1% by mass of potassium trifluoroacetate as the solvent can be used for this purpose.
- the solvent flow can be 0.40 mL/min at 30°C.
- a 3-column system can be used for this: PSS PFG Micro precolumn (3.0x0.46 cm, 10000 A), PSS PFG Micro (25.0x0.46 cm, 1000 A) and PSS PFG Micro (25.0x0.46 cm , 100 ⁇ ).
- the system can be calibrated with PMMA standards (Polymer Standard Service, Mp 102 - 981 000 Da).
- 1 w/v % solutions can be prepared, which can be filtered using a PTFE syringe filter (0.2 ⁇ m pore size).
- the at least one powdered coating material is preferably selected from powdered inorganic and/or organic materials, more preferably from powdered metals and/or minerals. Without being limited to this, the at least one coating material is preferably selected from graphite powder, activated carbon powder, silver powder, gold powder and/or titanium dioxide powder.
- the at least one powdered coating material preferably has an average particle diameter of 50 to 20000 nm, more preferably 50 to 7000 nm, particularly preferably 50 to 100 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the powdered coating material defined above can (i) for powdered coating material with a average particle size of 50 nm to 100 nm using electron microscopy (Philips XL30 ESEM FEG) and (ii) for powdered coating material with an average particle size of 100 nm to 2 mm using "time-of-transition laser sizing" (CIS 100-S Galai Production Ltd., Migdal Haemek, Israel).
- composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention can also comprise at least one residual solvent, which is not subject to any further restrictions. Consequently, there can be a single residual solvent or a mixture of two or more residual solvents.
- This at least one residual solvent is preferably selected from organic solvents and/or aqueous solvents, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, hydrocarbons, water, or mixtures of the above solvents.
- the at least one residual solvent is particularly preferably a solvent such as distilled water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform, diethyl ether, dimethylformamide, n-hexane, n-heptane, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, dioxane, or mixtures of the above solvent.
- composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention can preferably also comprise at least one type of core particle selected from metallic, mineral and/or organic core particles in the coated particle core, which are not subject to any particular restrictions provided they can be suspended in the residual solvent defined above. Consequently, this can be one type of core particle or a mixture of two or more types of core particles in the coated particle core.
- the at least one type of core particle in the coated particle core is particularly preferably graphite particles, magnetite particles and/or polymer particles of the above at least one polymer.
- the composition of the coated in situ prepared according to the invention Particle preferably comprises 0.1 to 20% by mass of the at least one polymer defined above, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, most preferably 2 to 10% by mass.
- the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention preferably comprises 20 to 80% by mass of the at least one powdered coating material defined above, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, particularly preferably 40 to 60% by mass.
- the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention preferably comprises 15 to 75% by mass of the above at least one type of core particle, more preferably 25 to 65% by mass, particularly preferably 35 to 55% by mass.
- the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention preferably comprises 0.0 to 1.0% by mass of the above residual solvent, preferably 0.0 to 0.5% by mass, particularly preferably 0.0 to 0.1% by mass.
- a flow rate of the polymer solution for generating the electrically charged droplets from the polymer solution by EHD jetting is 0.01 ml/h to 20.00 ml/h, preferably 0.10 ml/h to 15.00 ml/h, more preferably 0.50 ml/h to 10.0 ml/h, most preferably 1.00 ml/h to 5.00 ml/h.
- the flow rate of the polymer solution defined above for generating the electrically charged droplets from the polymer solution by EHD jetting is preferably realized by a pump system, for example a syringe pump, with this pump system not being subject to any further restrictions according to the invention, provided that the above flow rate can be generated with it.
- the average diameter and/or the shape or geometry of the charged droplets of the polymer solution generated by EHD jetting can be varied and thus also the average diameter and/or the shape or geometry of the particles coated according to the invention.
- a very low flow rate of the polymer solution of 0.01 ml/h to 1.20 ml/h in the method defined above can lead to coated particles with a very small average diameter of 100 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
- the polymer solution comprises at least one polymer selected from synthetic polymers and/or biological polymers and at least one solvent selected from organic solvents and/or aqueous solvents.
- the at least one polymer of the polymer solution corresponds to the above-defined at least one polymer of the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention and the at least one solvent corresponds to the above-defined at least one residual solvent of the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention.
- the concentration of the at least one polymer in the polymer solution can be from 0.01 to 60% by mass, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, particularly preferably 5 to 40% by mass.
- concentration of the polymer solution provided in the range defined above the average diameter and/or the shape or geometry of the charged droplets of the polymer solution produced by EHD jetting can be varied according to the invention, and thus also the average diameter and/or the shape or geometry of the particles coated according to the invention.
- the polymer solution provided comprises 0.008 to 10.00% by mass of a Fluorescent dye, preferably 0.009 to 8.00% by mass, particularly preferably 0.01 to 6.00% by mass.
- the fluorescent dye is not further restricted according to the invention, provided that it is soluble, emulsifiable or suspendable in the polymer solution from 0.008 to 10.00% by mass and has a conjugated ⁇ system.
- the polymer solution provided comprises suspended particles selected from metallic, mineral and/or organic particles. These suspended particles correspond to the at least one type of core particle of the composition of the coated particles produced in situ according to the invention in suspended form in the above at least one solvent of the polymer solution.
- the particles coated according to the invention can be given a magnetic core.
- a suspension of magnetite (particle diameter 50 to 100 nm) provided with a concentration of 0.01 to 16.45% by mass can lead to particles with magnetic properties coated according to the invention in the production process defined above.
- the polymer solution provided in the method according to the invention above comprises the at least one polymer defined above, the at least one solvent defined above and the suspended particles defined above.
- a solid bed is referred to as a fluidized bed, which attains a fluid-like state through the upward flow of a fluid.
- the bed is stationary below the minimum superficial velocity. If the superficial velocity exceeds the sinking velocity of the particles in the fluidized bed, they are discharged.
- the rate of descent represents the speed at which particles settle without fluid flow.
- the expansion of the fluidized bed takes place homogeneously.
- flows can occur in the form of bubble formation or the formation of channels, which lead to axial mixing. In order to minimize these influences, flow velocities just above the minimum fluidization velocities must be used (R. Hausmann, Dissertation, 2000).
- the fluidized bed reactor is not further restricted in this case, provided that it fulfills the characteristics of the reactor defined above according to the invention and is additionally able to fluidize the powdered coating material defined above.
- fluidizing is to be understood as meaning that a fluid-like state of the at least one powdered coating material is achieved in the fluidized-bed reactor by the upward flow of a fluid, such as air, for example.
- a fluid such as air
- the superficial velocity of the fluid flowing upwards corresponds at least to the sinking velocity of the at least one powdered coating material.
- the rate of descent represents the rate at which the at least one coating material in powder form sediments without a fluid flow
- the resulting fluidized bed of the at least one powdered coating material preferably expands homogeneously.
- Figure 2 represents an example of the structure of a reactor, wherein the inventive method for the in situ production of coated particles, consisting of core and shell, can be carried out.
- This reactor has a pump system (1) to transport the polymer solution through a cannula (2) acting as an electrode into the reactor. With the help of the voltage source (9) and the voltage regulator (12), a potential is applied to the cannula (2) and the counter-electrode (6) as electrodes, thereby causing the charged drop of polymer solution (4) formed at the end of the cannula to be stretched to form a Taylor Cone (3), and the detachment of this charged droplet of polymer solution (4) at the Taylor cone tip from the cannula (2).
- this reactor comprises a frit (7) in order to evenly distribute the fluid flowing in through the fluid inlet (8) and thereby to keep the powdered coating material (5) and the particles already coated with the powdered coating material (5) in the reactor.
- a filter Before the fluid leaves this reactor through the fluid outlet (11), it is passed through a filter (10) in order to retain already coated particles or powdered coating material (5) if they are discharged.
- a magnet (13) additionally attached to the reactor enables the immediate separation of magnetic particles coated with the powdered coating material (5).
- the distance between the cannula (2) as the electrode and the counter-electrode (6) is not further restricted according to the invention, provided that an electrical field can be generated between these two electrodes by applying an electrical voltage.
- the distance between the cannula (2) as the electrode and the counter-electrode (6) is preferably 0.3 cm to 50.0 cm, more preferably 0.4 cm to 40.0 cm, particularly preferably 0.5 cm to 30.0 cm .
- a small selected distance between the cannula (2) as the electrode and the counter-electrode (6) of 0.5 cm to 5.0 cm lead to coated particles with a small average diameter of 100 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
- the shape and size of the particles can also be adjusted by the flow rate of the polymer solution, the concentration of the polymers in solution and by the voltage applied to the electrodes.
- the present invention relates to coated particles, consisting of core and shell, obtained by the method according to the invention defined above for the in situ production of coated particles.
- the composition according to the invention of these coated particles and preferred embodiments thereof are defined above.
- the coated particles obtained by the method defined above have an average particle diameter of 100 nm to 8 mm, more preferably 500 nm to 6 mm, more preferably 1 pm to 4 mm, particularly preferably 100 pm to 2 mm.
- these coated particles obtained by the method according to the invention as defined above are magnetic.
- these coated particles can be diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic or electromagnetic. If the particles coated according to the invention are magnetic, they can be separated effectively, inexpensively and quantitatively from the powdered coating material in the above-defined in situ production according to the invention using a magnet.
- the present invention relates to the use of the coated particles obtained by the method defined above as electrode material and/or as catalyst material, the electrode material and the catalyst material not being further restricted according to the invention.
- the particles coated according to the invention can be used as electrode material and/or catalyst material, without being limited thereto, for example in a fluidized bed reactor for carrying out electrochemical reactions.
- the coated particles are used specifically as an extension of the working electrode.
- these coated particles are fluidized and simultaneously stabilized with a corresponding magnetic field.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the composition of particles coated according to the invention, consisting of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), graphite and magnetite, as a function of the voltage applied in the reactor during the method according to the invention, determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- 2 shows an example of the structure of a reactor in which the process according to the invention for the in situ production of coated particles consisting of core and shell can be carried out.
- the reference symbols have the following meaning: 1 pump system, 2 cannula, 3 Taylor cone, 4 (electrically charged) drops of the polymer solution, 5 powdered coating material in the form of a fluidized bed, 6 counter electrode, 7 frit, 8 fluid inlet, 9 voltage source, 10 filter, 11 Fluid outlet, 12 voltage regulator, 13 solenoid.
- FIG. 3 shows an electron micrograph of a coated particle obtained in Example 1.
- Example 4 shows a fragment of a coated particle obtained in Example 1, specifically an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy image of this particle fragment, left in white: iron, middle in gray: carbon and right in white: oxygen.
- Fig. 5 shows electron micrographs of the coated particles obtained in Example 2; left overview of the in situ coated particles and right a single particle.
- Fig. 6 shows an optical micrograph of the cross section of a coated particle obtained in Example 2, which was embedded in epoxy resin.
- FIG. 7 shows an optical micrograph of a silver-coated particle obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. Fig. 8 shows the cross section of a coated particle obtained in Example 3, which was embedded in epoxy resin; left a backscattered electron image and right a backscattered electron image with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy image of this particle.
- Example 9 shows an optical micrograph of a fully coated particle obtained in Example 4 on the left and an optical micrograph of a fragment of a coated particle obtained in Example 4 with an exposed core on the right.
- FIG. 10 shows an optical micrograph of a coated fiber obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. 3 shows an electron micrograph (VEGA 3, TESCAN GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, acceleration voltage 8 kV, beam intensity 10, working distance 4.54 mm) of one of the particles obtained, coated with graphite powder.
- FIG. 4 shows an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy recording (VEGA 3, TESCAN GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, acceleration voltage 15 kV, beam intensity 10, working distance 13.9 mm) of a fragment of a particle coated with activated carbon.
- Example 2 was carried out analogously to example 1 with the difference that a graphite powder (particle diameter ⁇ 20 ⁇ m) was used as the coating material (5). Instead of a ring-shaped counter-electrode (6), a planar one was used Counter electrode (6) used. Furthermore, the coating material (5) was not fluidized but placed on the counter-electrode (6) so that a 5 mm thick layer was formed.
- a graphite powder particle diameter ⁇ 20 ⁇ m
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- FIG. 5 shows electron micrographs (VEGA 3, TESCAN GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, acceleration voltage 8 kV, beam intensity 10, working distance 5 mm) of the particles obtained, coated with graphite powder.
- FIG. 6 shows a light micrograph (VHX-5000, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) of the cross section of one of these particles coated with graphite powder.
- the particles obtained, coated with graphite powder were embedded in epoxy resin (Epoxyharzsystem 2000, Cloeren Technology GmbH, Wegberg, Germany) and ground until the particle core was reached (AutoMet 250, Buehler, Esslingen, Germany, grinding with grinding paste EcoMet250Pro 9 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m and 1 pm each for 5 minutes with water, contact pressure 18 N, disc rotation 150 rpm, pressure rotation 60 rpm, counter-rotation).
- the particle core of the resulting particle coated with graphite powder contains PMMA, graphite particles and magnetite particles, and that there is no polymer material in the particle shell or at least on the outer particle surface of the resulting particle coated with graphite powder only the graphite powder.
- the overall composition of the coated particles obtained was varied using different voltages.
- coated particles were prepared at voltages of 4.5 kV, 4.7 kV, 4.9 kV, 5.1 kV and 5.3 kV according to the method described above, respectively, and then the resulting Overall composition of the coated particles obtained in each case determined by means of simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis.
- Example 3 was carried out analogously to example 2, with the difference that a pulverulent, uncharged silver powder (5) (average particle diameter: ⁇ 10 ⁇ m) was provided on the counter-electrode (6).
- FIG. 7 shows an electron micrograph (VEGA 3, TESCAN GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, acceleration voltage 20 kV, beam intensity 10, working distance 12.93 mm) of a silver powder-coated particle obtained.
- Figure 8 shows a backscattered electron image on the left and a backscattered electron image with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy image on the right (VEGA 3, TESCAN GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, acceleration voltage 20 kV, beam intensity 10, working distance 12.93 mm, silver in blue, iron in yellow and backscattered electron image shown in grey) of the cross section of one of these silver powder coated particles.
- VEGA energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- Example 4 was carried out analogously to Example 2 with the difference that a pulverulent uncharged titanium dioxide powder (5) (average particle diameter: 655 nm) was provided on the counter electrode (6).
- the particles coated with titanium dioxide powder obtained in this way were then, in a further step, separated from the powdery coating material (5) still present using a magnet (13) and have an average particle diameter of 115 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 9 shows a light micrograph of a particle obtained which is completely coated with titanium dioxide powder and of a fragment thereof.
- the particle core of the obtained particle coated with titanium dioxide powder contains PMMA, graphite particles and magnetite particles, and that there is no polymer material in the particle shell or at least on the outer particle surface of the obtained particle coated with titanium dioxide powder, only that titanium dioxide powder.
- PLGA polylactide-co-glycolide dissolved therein
- FIG. 10 shows a light micrograph of a fiber obtained that was coated with graphite powder.
- PLGA is present in the fiber core of the resulting graphite powder-coated fibers, while in the fiber sheath, or at least on the outer surface of the fiber sheath of the resulting graphite powder-coated fibers, there is essentially graphite powder, i.e. no polymeric material.
- the coated particles obtained by the method according to each of Examples 1 to 5, in the particle shell or at least on the outer surface of the particle shell essentially powdered coating material and are thus particularly good as electrode material and / or catalyst material in a fluidized bed reactor to perform suitable for electrochemical reactions.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021003515.1A DE102021003515A1 (de) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | ln situ beschichtete Partikel aus elektrisch geladenen Bestandteilen |
| PCT/EP2022/064603 WO2023280466A1 (de) | 2021-07-08 | 2022-05-30 | In situ beschichtete partikel aus elektrisch geladenen bestandteilen |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4366863A1 true EP4366863A1 (de) | 2024-05-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22732939.8A Withdrawn EP4366863A1 (de) | 2021-07-08 | 2022-05-30 | In situ beschichtete partikel aus elektrisch geladenen bestandteilen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4366863A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021003515A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023280466A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090035381A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Stankus John J | Electrospraying method for fabrication of particles and coatings and treatment methods thereof |
| WO2009030703A2 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-12 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Novel nanoparticles |
-
2021
- 2021-07-08 DE DE102021003515.1A patent/DE102021003515A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-05-30 EP EP22732939.8A patent/EP4366863A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-05-30 WO PCT/EP2022/064603 patent/WO2023280466A1/de not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021003515A1 (de) | 2023-01-12 |
| WO2023280466A1 (de) | 2023-01-12 |
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