EP4363533B1 - Brennstoffzusammensetzung reich an aromatischen verbindungen, paraffinen und ethern und deren verwendung in kraftfahrzeugen - Google Patents

Brennstoffzusammensetzung reich an aromatischen verbindungen, paraffinen und ethern und deren verwendung in kraftfahrzeugen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4363533B1
EP4363533B1 EP22751127.6A EP22751127A EP4363533B1 EP 4363533 B1 EP4363533 B1 EP 4363533B1 EP 22751127 A EP22751127 A EP 22751127A EP 4363533 B1 EP4363533 B1 EP 4363533B1
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Prior art keywords
weight
composition according
ether
paraffins
carbon atoms
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EP22751127.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4363533A2 (de
Inventor
Lisa SERVE
Géraldine DELORME
Florent Picard
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TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
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TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel composition intended for vehicles comprising a spark-ignition engine (or gasoline engine), and which has advantageous properties.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a composition for supplying a spark-ignition engine, both in a conventional vehicle, in particular an automobile, and in a competition vehicle.
  • Gasoline-type fuels for use in spark-ignition engines, particularly those in motor vehicles, must have sufficiently high octane ratings to avoid knocking.
  • the octane number measures the resistance to self-ignition of a fuel used in a spark-ignition engine.
  • gasoline fuels marketed in Europe compliant with the EN 228 standard, have a motor octane number (MON) greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON) of at least 95. These fuels are suitable for the vast majority of automobile engines.
  • MON motor octane number
  • RON research octane number
  • An objective of the present invention is therefore to improve the performance of gasoline fuel compositions, in particular but not limited to fuel compositions intended for competition vehicles.
  • the objective is to increase the energy content of the fuel which will lead to an increase in the power of the spark-ignition engine, whether it is of the atmospheric, turbocharged, hybrid or not type, during the combustion of the gasoline fuel composition in the engine.
  • compositions from bases and/or compounds of renewable origin, also called bio-sourced compounds.
  • octane enhancing additives are typically added to gasoline fuel compositions.
  • Organometallic compounds including in particular iron, lead or manganese are well known octane enhancing agents.
  • TEL tetraethyl lead
  • Non-metallic octane enhancers include oxygenates (e.g., ethers and alcohols) and aromatic amines.
  • oxygenates e.g., ethers and alcohols
  • aromatic amines suffer from various disadvantages.
  • NMA N-methylaniline
  • an aromatic amine must be used at a relatively high treatment rate (1.5 to 2% by mass of additive/mass of fuel base) to have a significant effect on the octane rating of the fuel.
  • NMA can also be toxic.
  • the document US-A-4812146 describes unleaded gasoline fuel compositions for racing engines that include at least four components selected from butane, isopentane, toluene, MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), and an alkylate.
  • the document WO2010/014501 describes unleaded gasoline fuel compositions comprising at least 45% by volume of branched paraffins, at most 34% by volume of one or more mono- and di-alkylated benzenes, from 5 to 6% by volume of at least one linear paraffin having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms (denoted C3-C5), one or more alkanols having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms (denoted C2-C4), in an amount sufficient to increase the AKI (Anti Knock Index) ie (RON+MON)/2 by at least 93.
  • These compositions are presented as having high torque and maximum power.
  • FR3080382 A1 discloses a fuel composition and the use of said composition in a motor racing vehicle engine
  • compositions are intended to power spark-ignition engines (or gasoline engines).
  • the fuel compositions according to the invention have high Research Octane Number (RON) octane ratings.
  • the use of the composition according to the invention makes it possible to achieve higher engine power levels, at constant fuel flow rate.
  • composition according to the invention also has significant advantages for uses other than in competition vehicles, such as for example so-called general public uses, in particular for light vehicles (or VL). It can, where appropriate, meet the specifications of standard EN 228.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • composition according to the invention may advantageously be, in whole or in part, prepared from bases and/or compounds of renewable origin, for example of plant origin.
  • the composition according to the invention may contain at least 50% by mass of one or more biosourced bases, preferably at least 60% by mass, more preferably at least 65% by mass and better still at least 70% by mass of one or more biosourced bases.
  • the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions obtained by means of the fuel composition of the invention is at least 50%, compared to the reference fossil fuel defined in this Directive.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for supplying a spark-ignition engine.
  • the composition according to the invention is used as fuel for powering a high-efficiency, high-power spark-ignition engine, preferably a motor racing vehicle engine.
  • C N compound refers to a compound containing N carbon atoms in its chemical structure.
  • Such a mixture of hydrocarbons represents from 50 to 79% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition, preferably from 55 to 75% by mass, and more preferably from 60 to 70% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
  • the aromatic compound(s) (i)a) are preferably chosen from alkylbenzenes comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • alkylbenzenes is meant, in a manner known per se, benzene derivatives in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more alkyl groups.
  • the aromatic compound(s) may in particular be chosen from toluene (methylbenzene), ethylbenzene, xylenes (and in particular 1,2-dimethylbenzene or ortho-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or meta-xylene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene or para-xylene), 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, and mixtures of these compounds.
  • mixtures of aromatic compounds and more particularly mixtures of alkyl-benzenes comprising from 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (and in particular 1,2-dimethylbenzene or ortho-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or meta-xylene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene or para-xylene), 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), and 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene.
  • alkyl-benzenes comprising from 7 to 10 carbon atoms
  • alkyl-benzenes comprising from 7 to 10 carbon atoms
  • alkyl-benzenes comprising from 7 to 10 carbon atoms
  • alkyl-benzenes comprising from 7 to 10 carbon atoms
  • alkyl-benzenes comprising from 7 to 10 carbon atoms
  • the content of the aromatic compounds (i)a) ranges from 40 to 53% by mass, preferably from 45 to 52% by mass, relative to the mass of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).
  • composition according to the invention further contains non-cyclic paraffins (i)b) containing at least 5 carbon atoms.
  • paraffins is used to refer to branched alkanes (also called iso-paraffins or iso-alkanes) and unbranched alkanes (also called n-paraffins or n-alkanes), as is known per se.
  • the paraffins are preferably chosen from those comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 9 carbon atoms, and better still from 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • Paraffins can be chosen from n-paraffins (or normal-paraffins, i.e. linear alkanes) and iso-paraffins (i.e. branched alkanes).
  • mixtures of n-paraffins and iso-paraffins chosen from those described above, preferably comprising a major proportion of iso-paraffins, with a mass ratio of the quantity of iso-paraffins to the quantity of n-paraffins greater than or equal to 3, preferably greater than or equal to 4 and better still within the range from 4 to 5.
  • the hydrocarbon mixture (i) advantageously contains from 5 to 10% by mass of n-paraffins and from 20 to 45% by mass of iso-paraffins.
  • the content of paraffins (i)b) ranges from 32 to 45% by mass, more preferably from 35 to 42% by mass, relative to the mass of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).
  • composition according to the invention further contains naphthenes (i)c).
  • naphthenes is meant, in a manner known per se, cyclic alkanes (or cycloalkanes) containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the naphthenes are chosen from cyclic alkanes containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 6 to 9 carbon atoms.
  • the content of naphthenes(i)(c) ranges from 7 to 13% by mass, more preferably from 8 to 12% by mass, relative to the mass of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).
  • the mixture of hydrocarbons (i) is derived from plant raw materials.
  • the mixture (i) is advantageously composed entirely of biosourced hydrocarbons.
  • the original plant raw materials may be chosen, for example, from cereals (for example wheat, corn), rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, palm oil, sugar cane, beetroot, wood waste, straw, bagasse, grape marc, used vegetable cooking oils, algae, materials lignocellulosic.
  • cereals for example wheat, corn
  • rapeseed sunflower, soybean, palm oil
  • sugar cane beetroot
  • wood waste straw, bagasse, grape marc
  • lignocellulosic used vegetable cooking oils
  • algae materials lignocellulosic.
  • plant raw materials containing carbohydrates such as cereals, sugar cane, beetroot, wood waste, straw, bagasse, grape marc, lignocellulosic materials which may come from the wood industry.
  • so-called second generation (2G) or advanced plant material is used, in particular plant material that does not compete with the food resource.
  • the hydrocarbon mixture (i) is preferably obtained by transforming the plant material into alcohols containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methanol and/or ethanol, which are converted into hydrocarbons in the presence of catalysts for dehydrating the alcohols and producing reaction intermediates which, catalytically, are then transformed into hydrocarbons.
  • composition according to the invention also contains at least one ether.
  • Ethers also called ether oxides or alkoxy alkyls, are compounds of formula R-O-R', in which R and R', identical or different, represent an alkyl radical.
  • the ether(s) are chosen from compounds of formula R-O-R', in which R and R', identical or different, represent a C1 to C5 alkyl radical.
  • R represents a C1 or C2 alkyl radical and R' represents a C3, C4 or C5 alkyl radical.
  • the oxygenated compound(s) (ii) are chosen from methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tert-amyl ether (TAME), ethyl tert-amyl ether (TAEE), and mixtures of these compounds.
  • MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
  • ETBE ethyl tert-butyl ether
  • TAME methyl tert-amyl ether
  • TAEE ethyl tert-amyl ether
  • ETBE ethyl tert-butyl ether
  • one or more ethers of plant origin, or bioethers are used.
  • the ether can be obtained in a renewable manner using, for example, a renewable alcohol, and an olefin from the thermal, catalytic or steam cracking of a renewable feedstock.
  • Bioethers can be produced, for example, by reaction between an alcohol and a generally branched olefin. They can be produced from renewable raw materials (in particular plant raw materials) using, for example, alcohols obtained by transformation (for example fermentation) of renewable raw materials, and olefins resulting from the cracking (thermal, catalytic cracking, or steam cracking) of a renewable feedstock, or by dehydration of an alcohol.
  • the olefins are produced by steam cracking of bionaphtha which is a by-product resulting from the production of renewable diesel by deoxygenation and isomerization of triglycerides of plant origin.
  • the composition has a total ether(s) content ranging from 20 to 40% by mass, preferably from 22 to 35% by mass, and better still from 25 to 35% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
  • composition according to the invention also contains butane, which can be chosen from n-butane (linear butane), iso-butane (2-methylpropane) and mixtures of these two compounds.
  • Butane can be derived from renewable raw materials. For example, it can be obtained by fractionation of light hydrocarbons produced by catalytic cracking during the production of renewable diesel, which is obtained by deoxygenation and isomerization of triglycerides of plant origin, animal fats or used cooking oils.
  • the composition has a butane content ranging from 1 to 10% by mass, preferably from 1.5 to 8% by mass, and more preferably from 2 to 6% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
  • the composition according to the invention comprises at most 2.5% by mass of olefins, preferably at most 2% by mass of olefins, more preferably at most 1% by mass of olefins, more preferably still at most 0.5% by mass of olefins.
  • composition as described above generally has a research octane number (RON number) greater than or equal to 95, preferably greater than or equal to 99, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100, the RON being measured according to standard ASTM D 2699-86.
  • RON number research octane number
  • the above values relate to the intrinsic octane number of the composition, i.e. without the addition of additional compounds such as octane booster additives.
  • composition according to the invention may also contain one or more alcohols, preferably chosen from C1 to C6 alcohols, more preferably from C1 to C4 alcohols.
  • Examples include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, hexanol. Methanol and ethanol are particularly preferred.
  • alcohols derived from renewable raw materials, and in particular of plant origin, also called bioalcohols are used.
  • Such alcohols may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 1 to 10% by mass, preferably from 2 to 8% by mass.
  • the fuel composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more additives, chosen from those usually used in gasoline fuels.
  • composition according to the invention may comprise at least one detergent additive ensuring the cleanliness of the engine.
  • an additive may be chosen, for example, from the group consisting of succinimides optionally substituted by a polyisobutylene group, polyetheramines, betaines, Mannich bases and quaternary ammonium salts, for example those described in the documents US4171959 And WO2006135881 .
  • the composition may also comprise at least one lubrication additive or anti-wear agent, in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives.
  • lubrication additive or anti-wear agent in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives.
  • lubrication additive or anti-wear agent in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives. Examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP680506 , EP860494 , WO98/04656 , EP915944 , FR2772783 , FR2
  • additives may also be incorporated into the fuel composition according to the invention, such as anti-valve recession additives, anti-oxidant additives, octane number increasing additives, in particular chosen from amines, preferably aromatic, comprising or not oxygen.
  • the additives described above may be added to the fuel composition in an amount ranging, for each of them, from 10 to 5,000 ppm by mass, preferably from 50 to 1,000 ppm by mass and better still from 100 to 500 ppm by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
  • the composition comprises at least one additive, advantageously chosen from detergent additives, lubrication additives, anti-valve recession additives, antioxidant additives, octane number increasing additives, and mixtures of such additives.
  • the fuel compositions according to the invention have a lead content generally less than or equal to 5 mg/L (present for example in the form of tetraethyl lead) and, preferably, are lead-free, i.e. they do not contain lead or lead-containing compounds. They are also free of sulphur (maximum content of 10 ppm by weight).
  • composition according to the invention can be prepared by simple mixing of its constituents.
  • base B is advantageously a bio-sourced base, that is to say that it is advantageously obtained from alcohols resulting from the fermentation of plant raw materials, and preferably from plant raw materials containing carbohydrates, such as cereals, sugar cane, beetroot, wood waste, bakery waste, straw, bagasse, grape marc, lignocellulosic materials.
  • plant raw materials containing carbohydrates such as cereals, sugar cane, beetroot, wood waste, bakery waste, straw, bagasse, grape marc, lignocellulosic materials.
  • Such plant raw materials can be converted into biohydrocarbons by known catalytic conversion processes.
  • the ether(s) are preferably bioethers.
  • composition according to the invention can be entirely prepared from raw materials of renewable origin.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition as described above for supplying a spark-ignition engine.
  • the engine may be of the direct injection type, or indirect injection type.
  • the fuel composition can be advantageously used both to power an engine of a conventional motor vehicle (known as "general public") and a high-performance, high-power spark-ignition engine, such as a motor racing vehicle engine.
  • a conventional motor vehicle known as "general public”
  • a high-performance, high-power spark-ignition engine such as a motor racing vehicle engine.
  • This may include, in particular, a naturally aspirated or turbocharged engine used in a racing vehicle (circuits or rallies), or a hybrid engine, i.e. a heat engine coupled to an electric motor.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition as described above to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, determined in accordance with EU Directive 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 11, 2018 relating to the promotion of the use of energy produced from renewable sources.
  • the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is determined in relation to a reference fossil fuel.
  • the method for calculating the percentage reduction is more specifically defined in Annex V, Part C of the Directive.
  • the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions obtained by means of the fuel composition of the invention is at least 50%, preferably at least 60% and more preferably at least 65%, compared to the reference fossil fuel defined in the Directive.
  • Base B has the following composition: [Table 1] Compounds Content (% by mass) Olefins 2.50 Aromatic compounds C6 to C11 46.6 N-paraffins C5 to C9 6.3 C5 to C11 iso-paraffins, including 29.8 C5 to C7 22.3 Napthenes 12 Butane, of which 2.8 n-butane 1.5 iso-butane 1.3
  • Fuel C according to the invention containing a bio-sourced base in very high proportion as well as ETBE, made it possible to obtain satisfactory performance in terms of lower calorific value (LCV) and octane number (RON).
  • LCD calorific value
  • RON octane number
  • This composition provides a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, this reduction being determined in accordance with the method defined in Annex V Part C of EU Directive 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Kraftstoffzusammensetzung umfassend:
    (i) 50 bis 79 Gew.-% einer Kohlenwasserstoffmischung, umfassend:
    a) 35 bis 55 Gew.-% an aromatischen Verbindungen;
    b) 30 bis 50 Gew.-% nicht-zyklische Paraffine mit mindestens 5 Kohlenstoffatomen; und
    c) 5 bis 15 Gew.-% Naphthene;
    (ii) 20 bis 40 Gew.-% eines oder mehrerer Ether; und
    (iii) 1 bis 10 Gew.-% Butan.
  2. Zusammensetzung nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenwasserstoffmischung (i) 55 bis 75 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 60 bis 70 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung, darstellt.
  3. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aromatischen Verbindungen (i)a) ausgewählt sind aus Alkylbenzolen mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen und vorzugsweise aus Mischungen von Alkylbenzolen mit 7 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen.
  4. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gehalt an aromatischen Verbindungen (i)a) 40 bis 53 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 45 bis 52 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse der Kohlenwasserstoffmischung (i), beträgt.
  5. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nichtzyklischen Paraffine (i)b) aus Paraffinen ausgewählt sind, die 5 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatome, vorzugsweise 5 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatome und besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatome umfassen.
  6. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenwasserstoffmischung (i) 5 bis 10 Gew.-% n-Paraffine und 20 bis 45 Gew.-% isoParaffine enthält.
  7. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gehalt an Paraffinen (i)b) 32 bis 45 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 35 bis 42 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse der Kohlenwasserstoffmischung (i), beträgt.
  8. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Naphthene (i)c) aus cyclischen Alkanen mit 5 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und besonders bevorzugt mit 6 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatomen ausgewählt sind.
  9. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gehalt an Naphthenen (i)c) 7 bis 13 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 8 bis 12 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Masse der Kohlenwasserstoffmischung (i), beträgt.
  10. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Ether unter den Verbindungen der Formel R-O-R' ausgewählt sind, wobei R und R', die gleich oder verschieden sind, einen C1- bis C5-Alkylrest darstellen.
  11. Zusammensetzung nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Ether aus den Verbindungen der Formel R-O-R' ausgewählt sind, wobei R einen C1- oder C2-Alkylrest darstellt und R' einen C3-, C4- oder C5-Alkylrest darstellt.
  12. Zusammensetzung nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Ether ausgewählt sind aus Methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE), Ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE), Methyl-tert-amylether (TAME), Ethyl-tert-amylether (TAEE) und Mischungen dieser Verbindungen, und vorzugsweise ist der Ether Ethyl-tert-butylether (ETBE).
  13. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihr Gesamtgehalt an Ether(n) 22 bis 35 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 25 bis 35 Gew.-%, beträgt, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung.
  14. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihr Butangehalt 1,5 bis 8 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Kraftstoffzusammensetzung, beträgt.
  15. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie höchstens 2,5 Gew.-% Olefine, vorzugsweise höchstens 2 Gew.-% Olefine, stärker bevorzugt höchstens 1 Gew.-% Olefine, noch stärker bevorzugt höchstens 0,5 Gew.-% Olefine umfasst.
  16. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie auch einen oder mehrere Alkohole enthält, vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus C1- bis C6-Alkoholen, noch bevorzugter aus C1- bis C4-Alkoholen, und noch bevorzugter Ethanol oder Methanol.
  17. Zusammensetzung nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Alkohol oder die Alkohole in einem Gehalt von 1 bis 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 2 bis 8 Gew.-%, vorhanden sind.
  18. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenwasserstoffmischung (i) aus pflanzlichen Rohstoffen und vorzugsweise aus pflanzlichen Rohstoffen der zweiten Generation stammt.
  19. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens 50 Gew.-% einer oder mehrerer biobasierter Basen, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 Gew.-%, stärker bevorzugt mindestens 65 Gew.-% und noch stärker bevorzugt mindestens 70 Gew.-% einer oder mehrerer biobasierter Basen enthält, wobei die biobasierte(n) Basis(en) vorzugsweise pflanzlichen Ursprungs ist (sind).
  20. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner mindestens ein Additiv umfasst, das vorteilhafterweise aus Detergensadditiven, Schmiermitteladditiven, Anti-Ventilrücklauf-Additiven, Anti-Oxidationsmittel-Additiven, Oktanzahl-erhöhenden Additiven und Mischungen solcher Additive ausgewählt ist.
  21. Verwendung der in einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche definierten Zusammensetzung zum Betreiben eines Fremdzündungsmotors, vorzugsweise eines atmosphärischen oder turboaufgeladenen Fremdzündungsmotors, oder eines Hybridmotors und besonders bevorzugt eines Motors, der in einem Motorsportfahrzeug verwendet wird.
  22. Verwendung der Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20 zur Verringerung der Treibhausgasemissionen, die gemäß der Richtlinie EU 2018/2001 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates bestimmt wurden.
EP22751127.6A 2021-07-02 2022-07-01 Brennstoffzusammensetzung reich an aromatischen verbindungen, paraffinen und ethern und deren verwendung in kraftfahrzeugen Active EP4363533B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR2107178A FR3119625B1 (fr) 2021-07-02 2021-07-02 Composition de carburant riche en composés aromatiques, en paraffines et en éther, et son utilisation dans des véhicules automobiles
PCT/FR2022/051318 WO2022208038A2 (fr) 2021-07-02 2022-07-01 Composition de carburant riche en composés aromatiques, en paraffines et en éther, et son utilisation dans des véhicules automobiles

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EP4363533A2 EP4363533A2 (de) 2024-05-08
EP4363533B1 true EP4363533B1 (de) 2025-02-19

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EP (1) EP4363533B1 (de)
JP (1) JP7629118B2 (de)
CN (1) CN117642491A (de)
BR (1) BR112023027100A2 (de)
ES (1) ES3025153T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3119625B1 (de)
PL (1) PL4363533T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2022208038A2 (de)

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US12606757B2 (en) 2023-10-02 2026-04-21 Turn 3 Holdings LLC Alcohol based unleaded automotive racing fuel

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FR1257865A (fr) * 1959-03-16 1961-04-07 Shell Int Research Composition carburante
US4171959A (en) 1977-12-14 1979-10-23 Texaco Inc. Fuel composition containing quaternary ammonium salts of succinimides
US4812146A (en) 1988-06-09 1989-03-14 Union Oil Company Of California Liquid fuels of high octane values
JPH06128570A (ja) * 1992-10-14 1994-05-10 Nippon Oil Co Ltd 無鉛高オクタン価ガソリン
GB9301119D0 (en) 1993-01-21 1993-03-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel composition
FR2751982B1 (fr) 1996-07-31 2000-03-03 Elf Antar France Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant moteurs et composition de carburants
US5730029A (en) 1997-02-26 1998-03-24 The Lubrizol Corporation Esters derived from vegetable oils used as additives for fuels
FR2772784B1 (fr) 1997-12-24 2004-09-10 Elf Antar France Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant
FR2772783A1 (fr) 1997-12-24 1999-06-25 Elf Antar France Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant
FI20021596A7 (fi) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-07 Neste Oil Oyj Dieselmoottorin polttoainekoostumus
JP4585175B2 (ja) 2003-03-20 2010-11-24 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 ガソリン
AU2006257823B2 (en) 2005-06-16 2011-09-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Quaternary ammonium salt detergents for use in fuels
DE102007035500A1 (de) * 2007-07-28 2009-01-29 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
DE102008008818A1 (de) * 2008-02-12 2009-08-20 Deutsche Bp Ag Kraftstoffe für Otto-Motoren
US20100018112A1 (en) 2008-07-28 2010-01-28 Joseph Michael Russo High octane unleaded fuel compositions and methods for increasing the maximum torque output value produced burning same
FR2987369A1 (fr) 2012-02-27 2013-08-30 Total Raffinage Marketing Composition de carburant liquide de forte puissance pour moteurs a allumage commande
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FI129423B (en) * 2018-12-14 2022-02-15 Neste Oyj Diesel fuel composition

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US20220389340A1 (en) 2022-12-08
WO2022208038A3 (fr) 2022-11-24
FR3119625B1 (fr) 2023-02-17
ES3025153T3 (en) 2025-06-06
JP7629118B2 (ja) 2025-02-12
US11802252B2 (en) 2023-10-31
FR3119625A1 (fr) 2022-08-12
CN117642491A (zh) 2024-03-01
BR112023027100A2 (pt) 2024-03-12
PL4363533T3 (pl) 2025-06-09
EP4363533A2 (de) 2024-05-08
WO2022208038A2 (fr) 2022-10-06
JP2024523682A (ja) 2024-06-28

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