Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
  • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
  • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
  • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines

Definitions

• TITLE Composition of fuel rich in aromatic compounds, paraffins and ether, and its use in motor vehicles
• the subject of the present invention is a fuel composition intended for vehicles comprising a spark-ignition engine (or gasoline engine), and which has advantageous properties.
• a subject of the invention is also the use of such a composition for supplying a spark-ignition engine, both in a conventional vehicle, in particular an automobile, and in a competition vehicle.
• Gasoline-type fuels that can be used in spark-ignition engines, in particular those of motor vehicles, must have sufficiently high octane numbers to avoid knocking phenomena.
• the octane number measures the resistance to auto-ignition of a fuel used in a spark-ignition engine.
• gasoline fuels marketed in Europe complying with the EN 228 standard, have a motor octane number (or MON, for Motor Octane Number) greater than 85 and a research octane number (or RON, of English Research Octane Number) of a minimum of 95. These fuels are suitable for the vast majority of automotive engines.
• a high volumetric compression ratio is particularly desired.
• One objective of the present invention is therefore to improve the performance of gasoline fuel compositions, in particular but not limited to fuel compositions intended for competition vehicles.
• the objective is to increase the energy content of the fuel, which will lead to an increase in the power of the spark-ignition engine, whether it is atmospheric, turbocharged, hybrid or not, during the combustion of the gasoline fuel composition in engine.
• compositions from bases and/or compounds of renewable origin, also called biobased compounds.
• octane enhancing additives are typically added to gasoline type fuel compositions.
• Organometallic compounds including in particular iron, lead or manganese are well known octane improvers.
• TEL tetraethyl lead
• Non-metal based octane improvers include oxygenates (e.g. ethers and alcohols) and aromatic amines.
• oxygenates e.g. ethers and alcohols
• aromatic amines suffer from various disadvantages.
• NMA N-methylaniline
• an aromatic amine must be used at a relatively high treat rate (1.5 to 2 wt.% additive/fuel base weight) to have a significant effect on fuel efficiency.
• NMA can also be toxic.
• document US-A-4812146 describes unleaded gasoline fuel compositions for competition engines which comprise at least four components chosen from butane, isopentane, toluene, MTBE (methyl tert -butyl ether) and an alkylate.
• Document WO2010/014501 describes unleaded gasoline fuel compositions comprising at least 45% by volume of branched paraffins, at most 34% by volume of one or more mono- and di-alkylated benzenes, from 5 to 6% by volume at least one linear paraffin having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms (denoted C3-C5), one or more alkanols having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms (denoted C2-C4), in sufficient quantity to increase the AKI ( of the English Anti Knock Index) i.e. (RON+MON)/2 of at least 93.
• These compositions are presented as having high torque and maximum power.
• the subject of the present invention is therefore a fuel composition
• a fuel composition comprising:
• compositions are intended to supply spark-ignition engines (or gasoline engines).
• the fuel compositions according to the invention have high RON (Research Octane Number) octane numbers.
• the use of the composition according to the invention makes it possible to achieve higher engine power levels, at a constant fuel flow rate.
• composition according to the invention also has significant advantages for uses other than in competition vehicles, such as, for example, so-called general public uses, in particular for light vehicles (or light vehicles). If necessary, it can meet the specifications of the EN 228 standard.
• NOx nitrogen oxides
• composition according to the invention can advantageously be, in whole or in part, prepared from bases and/or compounds of renewable origin, for example of plant origin.
• the composition according to the invention may contain at least 50% by mass of one or more biobased bases, preferably at least 60% by mass, more preferentially at least 65% by mass and better still at least 70% in bulk of one or more biosourced bases.
• the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions obtained by means of the fuel composition of the invention is at least 50%, compared to the reference fossil fuel defined in this Directive.
• the invention also relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for supplying a spark-ignition engine.
• the composition according to the invention is used as fuel for supplying a high-efficiency, high-power spark-ignition engine, preferably a motor racing vehicle engine.
• CN compound denotes a compound containing N carbon atoms in its chemical structure.
• composition according to the invention contains a mixture (i) of hydrocarbons containing: a) from 35 to 55% by mass of aromatic compounds; b) from 30 to 50% by mass of non-cyclic paraffins containing at least 5 carbon atoms; and c) from 5 to 15% by mass of naphthenes.
• Such a mixture of hydrocarbons represents from 50 to 79% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition, preferably from 55 to 75% by mass, and more preferably from 60 to 70% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
• the aromatic compound(s) (i)a) are preferably chosen from alkylbenzenes comprising from 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
• alkyl-benzenes is meant in a manner known per se benzene derivatives in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more alkyl groups.
• the aromatic compound or compounds may in particular be chosen from toluene (methylbenzene), ethylbenzene, xylenes (and in particular 1,2-dimethylbenzene or ortho-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or meta-xylene and 1 ,4-dimethylbenzene or para-xylene), 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, and mixtures of these compounds.
• toluene methylbenzene
• ethylbenzene ethylbenzene
• xylenes and in particular 1,2-dimethylbenzene or ortho-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or meta-xylene and 1 ,4-dimethylbenzene or para-xylene
• 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
• mixtures of aromatic compounds and more particularly mixtures of alkyl-benzenes comprising from 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (and in particular 1,2-dimethylbenzene or ortho -xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or meta-xylene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene or para-xylene), l-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), and l -ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene.
• the content of the aromatic compounds (i)a) ranges from 40 to 53% by mass, preferably from 45 to 52% by mass, relative to the mass of the mixture of hydrocarbons (i).
• composition according to the invention also contains non-cyclic paraffins (i)b) containing at least 5 carbon atoms.
• paraffins is meant, in a manner known per se, branched alkanes (also called iso-paraffins or iso-alkanes) and unbranched alkanes (also called n-paraffins or n-alkanes).
• the paraffins are preferably chosen from those comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 9 carbon atoms, and better still from 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the paraffins can be chosen from n-paraffins (or normal-paraffins, i.e. linear alkanes) and iso-paraffins (i.e. branched alkanes).
• mixtures of n-paraffins and iso-paraffins chosen from those described above, preferably comprising a major proportion of iso-paraffins, with a mass ratio of the amount of iso-paraffins on the quantity of n-paraffins greater than or equal to 3, preferably greater than or equal to 4 and better still comprised in the range going from 4 to 5.
• the mixture of hydrocarbons (i) advantageously contains from 5 to 10% by mass of n-paraffins and from 20 to 45% by mass of iso-paraffins.
• the content of paraffins (i)b) ranges from 32 to 45% by mass, more preferably from 35 to 42% by mass, relative to the mass of the mixture of hydrocarbons (i).
• composition according to the invention also contains naphthenes
• naphthenes is meant, in a manner known per se, cyclic alkanes (or cycloalkanes) containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the naphthenes are chosen from cyclic alkanes containing from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 6 to 9 carbon atoms.
• the content of naphthenes (i)c) ranges from 7 to 13% by mass, more preferably from 8 to 12% by mass, relative to the mass of the mixture of hydrocarbons (i).
• the mixture of hydrocarbons (i) comes from vegetable raw materials.
• the mixture (i) advantageously consists entirely of biosourced hydrocarbons.
• the plant-based raw materials may for example be chosen from cereals (for example wheat, maize), rapeseed, sunflower, soya, palm oil, sugar cane, beet, waste wood, straw, bagasse, grape marc, used vegetable cooking oils, seaweed, materials lignocellulosic.
• cereals for example wheat, maize
• rapeseed sunflower
• soya palm oil
• sugar cane, beet waste wood, straw, bagasse, grape marc
• used vegetable cooking oils seaweed
• materials lignocellulosic are particularly preferred.
• vegetable raw materials containing carbohydrates such as cereals, sugar cane, beets, wood waste, straw, bagasse, grape marc, lignocellulosic materials which may be derived of the timber industry.
• so-called second-generation (2G) or advanced plant material is used, in particular plant material that is not in competition with the food resource.
• the mixture of hydrocarbons (i) is preferably obtained by converting the plant material into alcohols containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methanol and/or ethanol, which are converted into hydrocarbons in the presence of catalysts making it possible to dehydrate the alcohols and produce reaction intermediates which, catalytically, are then transformed into hydrocarbons.
• composition according to the invention also contains at least one ether.
• Ethers also called ether-oxides or alkoxy-alkyls, are compounds of formula R-O-R' , in which R and R' , identical or different, represent an alkyl radical.
• the ether(s) are chosen from the compounds of formula R-O-R′, in which R and R′, which are identical or different, represent a C1 to C5 alkyl radical.
• R represents a C1 or C2 alkyl radical and R′ represents a C3, C4 or C5 alkyl radical.
• the oxygenated compound(s) (ii) are chosen from tertio-butyl methyl ether (MTBE), tertio-butyl ethyl ether (ETBE), tertio-amyl methyl ether (TAME), tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), and mixtures of these compounds.
• MTBE tertio-butyl methyl ether
• ETBE tertio-butyl ethyl ether
• TAME tertio-amyl methyl ether
• TEE tert-amyl ethyl ether
• ETBE tert-butyl ethyl ether
• one or more ethers of vegetable origin, or bioethers are used.
• the ether can be obtained in a renewable manner by using, for example, a renewable alcohol, and an olefin resulting from thermal or catalytic cracking or by steam cracking of a renewable charge.
• Bioethers can for example be produced by reaction between an alcohol and a generally branched olefin. They can be produced from renewable raw materials (in particular vegetable raw materials) by using, for example, alcohols obtained by transformation (for example fermentation) of renewable raw materials, and olefins resulting from cracking (thermal cracking, catalytic, or steam cracking) of a renewable charge, or by dehydration of an alcohol.
• the olefins are produced by steam cracking of bionaphtha which is a by-product resulting from the production of renewable diesel by deoxygenation and isomerization of triglycerides of plant origin.
• the composition has a total content of ether(s) ranging from 20 to 40% by mass, preferably from 22 to 35% by mass, and better still from 25 to 35% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
• composition according to the invention also contains butane, which can be chosen from n-butane (linear butane), iso-butane (2-methylpropane) and mixtures of these two compounds.
• Butane can be made from renewable raw materials. It can for example be obtained by fractionation of light hydrocarbons produced by catalytic cracking during the production of renewable gas oil which is obtained by deoxygenation and isomerization of triglycerides of vegetable origin, animal fats or waste cooking oils.
• the composition has a butane content ranging from 1 to 10% by mass, preferably from 1.5 to 8% by mass, and better still from 2 to 6% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition .
• the composition according to the invention comprises at most 2.5% by mass of olefins, preferably at most 2% by mass of olefins, more preferably at most 1% by mass of olefins, more preferably still at most 0.5% by mass of olefins.
• the composition as described above generally has a research octane number (RON index) greater than or equal to 95, preferably greater than or equal to 99, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100, the RON being measured according to the standard ASTM D 2699-86.
• the values above relate to the intrinsic octane number of the composition, that is to say without the addition of additional compounds such as in particular octane booster additives.
• composition according to the invention may also contain one or more alcohols, preferably chosen from C1 to C6 alcohols, more preferably from C1 to C4 alcohols.
• alcohols from renewable raw materials, and in particular of plant origin also called bioalcohols, are used.
• Such alcohols may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 1 to 10% by mass, preferably from 2 to 8% by mass.
• the fuel composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more additives, chosen from among those usually employed in gasoline fuels.
• composition according to the invention may comprise at least one detergent additive ensuring the cleanliness of the engine.
• an additive may for example be chosen from the group consisting of succinimides optionally substituted with a polyisobutylene group, polyetheramines, betaines, Mannich bases and quaternary ammonium salts, for example those described in documents US4171959 and WO2006135881 .
• the composition may also comprise at least one lubricity additive or anti-wear agent, in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acids.
• lubricity additive or anti-wear agent in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acids.
• lubricity additive or anti-wear agent in particular (but not limited to) chosen from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acids. Examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP680506, EP860494, WO98/04656, EP915944, FR2772783, FR2772784.
• additives may also be incorporated into the fuel composition according to the invention, such as anti-recession valve additives, antioxidant additives, additives increasing the octane number, in particular chosen from amines, preferably aromatic, with or without oxygen.
• the additives described above can be added to the fuel composition in an amount ranging, for each of them, from 10 to 5000 ppm by mass, preferably from 50 to 1000 ppm by mass and better still from 100 to 500 ppm by mass, based on the total mass of the fuel composition.
• the composition comprises at least one additive, advantageously chosen from detergent additives, lubricity additives, anti-recession valve additives, antioxidant additives, additives increasing the octane number , and mixtures of such additives.
• the fuel compositions according to the invention have a lead content generally less than or equal to 5 mg/L (present for example in the form of tetraethyl lead) and, preferably, are lead-free, that is to say they do not contain lead or compounds containing lead. They are also free of sulfur (maximum content of 10 ppm by weight).
• composition according to the invention can be prepared by simple mixing of its constituents.
• a second non-limiting embodiment comprises the following steps:
• butane optional addition of butane, such that the amount of butane in the final mixture is in the range of 1 to 10% by mass.
• the base B is advantageously a biosourced base, that is to say that it is advantageously obtained from alcohols resulting from the fermentation of vegetable raw materials, and preferably vegetable raw materials containing carbohydrates, such as cereals, sugar cane, beets, wood waste, bakery waste, straw, bagasse, grape pomace, ligno-cellulosic materials.
• Such vegetable raw materials can be converted into biohydrocarbons by known catalytic conversion methods.
• the ether(s) are preferably bioethers.
• the composition according to the invention can be prepared entirely from raw materials of renewable origin.
• a subject of the invention is also the use of the composition as described above for supplying a spark-ignition engine.
• the engine can be of the direct injection or indirect injection type.
• the fuel composition can be advantageously used both to supply an engine of a conventional motor vehicle (known as "general public") and a high-efficiency, high-power spark-ignition engine, such as a competition vehicle engine automobile. It may be in particular an atmospheric or turbocharged engine used in a competition vehicle (circuits or rallies), or even a hybrid engine, that is to say a heat engine coupled to an electric motor.
• the invention also relates to the use of the composition as described above for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, determined in accordance with EU Directive 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 1, 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy produced from renewable sources.
• EU Directive 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 1, 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy produced from renewable sources.
• the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is determined in relation to a reference fossil fuel.
• the method for calculating the reduction percentage is more specifically defined in Annex V, Part C of the Directive.
• the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions obtained by means of the fuel composition of the invention is at least 50%, preferably at least 60% and even more preferably at least 65%, compared to the reference fossil fuel defined in the Directive.
• Base B has the following composition: [Table 1]
• a fuel composition C according to the invention was prepared, by mixing:
• Fuel C according to the invention containing a biosourced base in a very large proportion as well as ETBE, made it possible to obtain satisfactory performance in terms of lower calorific value (PCI), and octane number (RON).
• PCI calorific value
• RON octane number

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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-07-02 FR FR2107178A patent/FR3119625B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-07-01 PL PL22751127.6T patent/PL4363533T3/pl unknown
  • 2022-07-01 JP JP2023581002A patent/JP7629118B2/ja active Active
  • 2022-07-01 US US17/855,990 patent/US11802252B2/en active Active
  • 2022-07-01 ES ES22751127T patent/ES3025153T3/es active Active
  • 2022-07-01 BR BR112023027100A patent/BR112023027100A2/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2022-07-01 EP EP22751127.6A patent/EP4363533B1/de active Active
  • 2022-07-01 CN CN202280046688.XA patent/CN117642491A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-07-01 WO PCT/FR2022/051318 patent/WO2022208038A2/fr not_active Ceased

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