Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
  • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
  • E04G21/22—Tools or apparatus for setting building elements with mortar, e.g. bricklaying machines
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
  • E04B2002/0258—Gripping or handling aids

Definitions

• the invention relates to a building block, specifically to a building block made of brick material, wood, plastic, concrete and/or aerated concrete, intended for robotic assembly of buildings comprising two abutment walls, two side walls and two front walls, the walls assembled from it and, to a method of manipulating this building block.
• a whole range of designs of building elements are known from current technology, from which buildings are assembled. These can include brick building elements, such as brick blocks and brick building elements, which may be, for example, lintels.
• the building elements have their walls made to be smooth or are provided with a great number of types of shaped elements. These shaped elements are in particular arranged in the form of grooves and locks which interlock in them arranged on the walls of two adjacent building components.
• a precision fired wall element for applying thin plaster or glue or sealant which comprises the above-mentioned grooves and locks arranged on the walls to connect adjacent building components.
• This masonry element further comprises post-firing ground, load surfaces and one single, pot-firing ground facing surface, which comprises regularly arranged grooves, their depth being in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm.
• These grooves form a regular roughening of the facing of the ground surfaces and serve to optimise the attachment of the minimum layer of plaster on the ground, precisely manufactured facing surface of the building component.
• the disadvantage of grooved surface roughening is that it can only serve to improve the adhesion of the surface as described above in order to improve its connection with the plaster.
• the derived breeze blocks are, at their centres, provided with one inner groove along their entire height and at least two and at most six outer grooves in their side walls, with a maximum of one outer groove in each shorter side wall and a maximum of two outer grooves in the longer side walls.
• the outer connecting strips and the inner connecting strips are designed for self-locking connection with outer grooves and inner grooves.
• the big disadvantage of this modular system is the complex and time-demanding assembly of buildings.
• the aim of the invention is the design of a building block that will allow a simple, firm and accurate grip with a robotic arm, as well as the easy variable use of robotic building systems even in smaller confined spaces.
• a building block in particular a building block for robotic building assembly, which comprises two abutment walls, two side walls and two front walls which, according to the invention, is characterised by that at least one of the front walls comprises at least one shaped gripping element for attachment by a robotic handling device.
• the advantage is that due to the fact that the shaped gripping element is located on the front wall, the arm of the robotic device can have a significantly shorter arm.
• the shaped gripping element is arranged over the entire width of the front wall.
• the advantage is that, with regard to the location of the building block in the building, the robotic device can select on the entire width of the front wall the part of the shaped gripping element which is optimal from its point of view.
• the shaped gripping element is arranged in the direction of the stretching of the building block production mixture by the shaping template.
• the advantage is the simple and efficient creation of a shaped gripping element.
• the building block is in the form of a masonry block for assembling the building wall.
• the advantage is the possibility of simple and quick assembly of the walls of the building.
• the building block is in the form of a lintel for bridging the free parts of the wall of the building.
• the shaped gripping element for attachment by the robotic handling device is arranged on the front wall facing towards the inner parts of the building.
• the advantage is that the construction can be realised from the interior of individual rooms with the help of a compact robotic device.
• the shaped gripping element is a groove which is, from the point of view of a precise and firm gripping, the most advantageous.
• the groove preferably dovetail, allows for easier, more reliable manipulation and the possibility of unifying the ways in which the building blocks are manipulated by the robotic arm. It is to advantage if the groove has a smaller outer width "x" than the inner width "y". The advantage is that there is an easy and firm grip by the arm of the robotic device.
• the groove has an outer width "x" of 8 to 30 mm, an inner width "y” of 10 to 40 mm, a depth “z” of 4 to 15 mm, the groove widening inwards at an angle "a” of 30° to 60° and the radius of curvature of the outer and inner edges a radius "r” of 0.5 to 5 mm.
• the advantage is that, given the usual size of the building blocks, the dimensions of the groove are very small, which means a minimal increase in plaster consumption, while the groove also significantly improves the bond strength of the building wall and plaster.
• a wall of a building wall specifically the wall of a building composed of building blocks, which comprises two abutment walls, two side walls and two front walls
• the building blocks comprise shaped gripping elements which are arranged on their front walls facing towards the interior of the building.
• the shaped gripping elements of the adjacent building components are connected to one another.
• the advantage is the possibility to place various types of distributions or handles in the shaped gripping element, which protrude above the surface of the plaster of the wall.
• the shaped gripping elements of the adjacent building components are connected vertically.
• the shaped gripping elements are provided with a cover which reduces the consumption of the plaster mixture.
• a method of manipulating the above-mentioned building block according to the invention is characterised by that the building block is first held by at least one shaped gripping element arranged on one of its front walls by a robotic manipulating device, then the building block is moved by the robotic manipulator into a position before its placement in the wall of the building, and finally the building block is pushed into place in the wall of the building by a robotic manipulator in a substantially horizontal plane.
• the main advantage of this method is the minimisation of the path of movement from the place of its storage to the place of its location in the wall of the building.
• Another advantage is a more reliable gripping due to the simple locating of a regularly arranged shaped gripping element by means of suitable sensors on the gripping mechanism.
• the main advantage of the building block, the walls assembled from it and the method of handling it, according to the invention, is that it allows the use of significantly shorter robotic arms, thanks to which even entire robotic devices can have compact dimensions. Thanks to the possibility of gripping by moving "from the front” and not “from above”, the reach of the robotic arm is significantly increased, because it does not have to "tilt” over the building block and thus further from its base. All that must be done is to move the robotic arm in front of the building block. All this speeds up the gripping and the whole manipulation process. The possibility of releasing the building block by moving "from the front" and not “upwards” again increases the reach of the robotic arm.
• Another advantage of arranging the shaped gripping element on the front wall is the possibility of "sliding" the building blocks into the last row at the top when making a wall, for example under a ceiling or other structure, which limits the possibility of moving the robotic arm over the building block.
• Another advantage is the possibility of dividing the building blocks into parts while maintaining the possibility of manipulating these parts with a robotic arm, or even gripping the building blocks only by one of the grooves and cutting off the rest, then manipulating the still gripped cut section.
• fig.1 shows a detail of an design of a shaped gripping element in the form of a groove
• fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a wooden wall block in which one shaped gripping element is arranged on one of the front walls
• fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a plastic masonry block, on both front walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged
• fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a building wall which is composed of plastic masonry blocks, on both front walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged
• fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a brick masonry block, on both front walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged
• fig. 1 shows a detail of an design of a shaped gripping element in the form of a groove
• fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a wooden wall block in which one shaped gripping element is arranged on one of the front walls
• fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a plastic masonry block, on both
• FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a lintel in which a number of shaped gripping elements are arranged on one of the front walls, which are oriented perpendicular to the longer side of the lintel
• fig. 7 shows a perspective view of a lintel, in which two shaped gripping elements are arranged on one of the front walls, which are oriented longitudinally with the longer side of the lintel
• fig. 8 shows a perspective view of a building wall which is composed of brick masonry blocks, on the two front walls of which always two shaped gripping elements are arranged.
• the building block 1 (fig .1 , fig.2) for robotic building assembly has the shape of a wooden masonry block 6 for building walls 5 of a building which comprises two abutment walls 8, two side walls 9 and two front walls 2.
• One of its front walls 2 comprise one shaped gripping element 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device.
• the shaped gripping element 3 is arranged over the entire width of the front wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front wall 2.
• the building block 1 (fig.1 , fig. 3) for robotic building assembly according to the second variant has the shape of a plastic masonry block 6 for building walls 5 of a building, which comprises two abutment walls 8, two side walls 9 and two front walls 2.
• Both front walls 2 comprise two shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged over the entire width of the front wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front wall 2.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4.
• the grooves 4 have an outer width "x" of 12.5 mm, an inner width "y” of 15 mm, a depth “z” of 6 mm, the grooves 4 widening inwards at an angle "a” of 45° and the radius of curvature of the outer and inner edges is a radius "r” of 2 mm.
• the wall 5 of the building (fig. 4) is composed of plastic masonry blocks 6 in such a way that the shaped gripping elements 3 which the building blocks 1 comprise are arranged on their front walls 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 of the adjacent building components 6 are connected vertically to one another.
• the building block 1_ (fig .1 , fig. 5) for robotic building assembly according to the third variant has the shape of a brick masonry block 6 for building walls 5 of a building, which comprises two abutment walls 8, two side walls 9 and two front walls 2.
• Both front walls 2 comprise two shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged on the front wall 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building, over the entire width of the front wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front wall 2.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged in the direction of the stretching of the production mixture of the building block 1 by the shaping template.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4.
• the grooves 4 have an outer width "x" of 16 mm, an inner width "y” of 21 mm, a depth “z” of 10 mm, the grooves 4 widening inwards at an angle "a” of 48° and the radius of curvature of the outer and inner edges is a radius" r "of 2 mm.
• the wall 5 of the building (fig. 8) is composed of brick masonry blocks 6 in such a way that the shaped gripping elements 3, which the building blocks 1 comprise, are arranged on their front walls 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 of the adjacent building components 6 are connected vertically to one another.
• the building block 1 (fig .1 , fig. 6) for robotic assembly of buildings according to the fourth variant has a wooden lintel shape 7 for bridging the free parts of the building wall 5, which comprises two abutment walls 8, two side walls 9 and two front walls 2.
• One of the front walls 2 comprise a number of shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged vertically over the entire width of the front wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front wall 2.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4.
• the building block 1 (fig.1 , fig. 7) for robotic assembly of buildings according to the fifth variant has the shape of a brick lintel 7 for bridging the free parts of the walls 5 of the building which comprises two abutment walls 8, two side walls 9 and two front walls 2.
• One of the front walls 2 comprise a number of shaped gripping elements 3 for attachment by a robotic manipulation device.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged, on the front wall 2 facing towards the inner parts of the building, horizontally across the entire width of the front wall 2, from one edge to the other edge of the front wall 2.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are arranged in the direction of the stretching the production mixture of the building block 1 by the shaping template.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 are grooves 4.
• the grooves 4 have an outer width "x" of 16 mm, a depth “z” of 10 mm, the grooves 4 widening inwards at an angle "a” of 48° and a radius of curvature of the outer and the inner edges is a radius "r" of 2 mm.
• the shaped gripping elements 3 of all the above-mentioned building block variants can be provided with a cover (not shown) after being placed in position.
• the building block 1 is first held by a shaped gripping element 3 arranged on its front wall 2 by inserting a gripping mechanism of a robotic manipulation device (not shown), then the building block 1 is moved by a robotic handling device into its position before being pushed into its place in the wall 5 of the building and finally, the building block 1 is pushed by the robotic manipulation device in a substantially horizontal plane into place in the wall 5 of the building and the grip of the robotic manipulation device is released.
• the building block according to the invention can be used for robotic assembly of buildings.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manipulator (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-05-20 CZ CZ2021241A patent/CZ309301B6/cs unknown
• 2022
  • 2022-05-11 EP EP22725356.4A patent/EP4341506A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-05-11 WO PCT/CZ2022/000022 patent/WO2022242784A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (1)

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