EP4336100A1 - Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique - Google Patents

Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4336100A1
EP4336100A1 EP23195740.8A EP23195740A EP4336100A1 EP 4336100 A1 EP4336100 A1 EP 4336100A1 EP 23195740 A EP23195740 A EP 23195740A EP 4336100 A1 EP4336100 A1 EP 4336100A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heater
flame
burner
flashback
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23195740.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Reinert
Mark Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4336100A1 publication Critical patent/EP4336100A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/28—Fail safe preventing flash-back or blow-back

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting flashback in a heater; a control and control device, a heater and a computer program.
  • a starting process in particular can trigger critical conditions.
  • critical conditions can be a hard ignition, a deflagration or a flashback, i.e. a flame spread during a starting or ignition process from the burner into a supply of the mixture of fuel gas and combustion air.
  • These operating states lead to a loss of comfort for the user due to noise emissions and can also cause critical damage to the heater, resulting in its failure.
  • hydrogen as a fuel gas
  • such critical conditions become more likely, as due to a significantly higher flame speed, the volatility and the low density of hydrogen, a significantly poorer repeatability during a starting process, combined with a greater influence of environmental influences, such as gusts of wind on the exhaust system or the air intake.
  • starting a cold heater for the first time can be particularly difficult.
  • the EP 3 992 529 A1 propose to use a pilot flame with its own fuel supply to ignite a main burner, the function of which can be monitored by means of a sensor and which is also arranged in such a way that the pilot flame goes out due to on Air escaping from the main burner cannot occur.
  • a pilot flame with its own fuel supply to ignite a main burner, the function of which can be monitored by means of a sensor and which is also arranged in such a way that the pilot flame goes out due to on Air escaping from the main burner cannot occur.
  • DE 10 2019 121 973 A1 proposed to arrange a catalyst material in the heater, in particular the gas-air mixture stream. Due to its properties, the catalyst material can generate the necessary activation energy to start combustion without additional thermal energy, such as an ignition spark or a pilot flame. This solution also involves a lot of effort and costs.
  • the AT 510 002 A4 describes a method in which a pressure difference between the gas and air supply of a premixing gas burner is recorded and the scatter of the measured values is determined. If a reference value is exceeded by a threshold value, the minimum speed of the gas burner fan can be increased to avoid flashbacks.
  • the DE 10 2021 102 713 A1 proposed to observe a thermal and an optical effect of the flashback of the flame in the interior of a burner.
  • the EP 3 919 817 A1 discloses a method for detecting errors when igniting a burner, in which a speed of a fan and a position of the gas valve are observed during the ignition process. If characteristic changes are detected, an ignition error can be assumed.
  • the object of the invention to provide a method for detecting flashback in a heater; to propose a control and control device, a heating device and a computer program that at least partially overcome the described problems of the prior art.
  • the invention is intended to enable detection/determination of the occurrence of a flashback in a heater.
  • the invention should be suitable for being carried out at least partially in an automated manner and require as few structural changes as possible compared to a heater according to the prior art.
  • the proposed method can in particular be repeated permanently (permanently) and/or in a short time sequence (fractions of a second).
  • the method makes it possible to detect the occurrence of a flashback on a heater and can be carried out in particular on a control device of a heater.
  • the heater is in particular a gas heater designed to burn a fuel gas, such as natural gas or in particular hydrogen, with the supply of ambient air and to generate heat energy, for example to heat a heat carrier in a heating circuit or to provide a hot water supply.
  • the heater can be a condensing boiler and can be set up to burn hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing mixture.
  • the heater usually has a combustion chamber and a conveyor device or a fan, which can convey a mixture of fuel and combustion air via a mixture channel into a combustion chamber in which a burner is arranged. The combustion products can then be fed to an exhaust system through an exhaust duct of the heater.
  • the heater can adapt (modulate) the burner output to requirements.
  • a control and control device of the heater can adapt the power of the fan of the heater and thus the mass flow of combustion air to the heat requirement.
  • a control system adapts the fuel mass flow to the changing mass flow of combustion air.
  • the burner can include at least one perforated plate that is connected to a burner cavity.
  • the burner cavity is connected to the mixture channel so that Combustion mixture can flow through the cavity through the perforated plate and is burned.
  • An ignition device can also be arranged in the area of the perforated plate and is designed to ignite a mass flow of combustion mixture emerging through the perforated plate.
  • the burner cavity also referred to as the burner body, can in particular be designed as a cylinder (straight circular cylinder), wherein a base area of the cylinder can be connected to the mixture channel.
  • the burner cavity can also be cuboid-shaped, which can be delimited on the top side by the perforated plate.
  • a flame arrester can also be arranged in the burner cavity, which prevents a flame from spreading in the direction of the mixture channel. However, the flame arrester can, especially after long-term use, have a defect that allows a flame to penetrate and thus a flashback.
  • the burner can be arranged in the combustion chamber of the heater in a burner door of the combustion chamber.
  • an opening in the burner door can connect the burner cavity with the mixture channel and the burner can be attached to the burner door.
  • a flame monitor can also be attached to or in the burner door.
  • the heater can also have a (device for) flame monitoring, which can (sensorily) detect the presence of a flame on the burner and interrupt the gas supply if the flame goes out.
  • a signal from the flame monitoring can be used to regulate and control the heater, in particular to determine and regulate a combustion air ratio of the gas mixture.
  • the flame monitoring can have an optical sensor, for example for detecting UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by the flame, a device for measuring an ionization current of the flame, such as in particular an ionization electrode, and / or a temperature sensor for detecting a flame temperature.
  • a flashback is characterized by the flame spreading from the burner of the heater (back, i.e. against the usual conveying direction) towards the mixture channel.
  • an area of the surface of the perforated plate can heat up so much due to the flame on the burner that the combustion mixture in the burner cavity is ignited.
  • the associated deflagrations or pressure surges in the flow path of the heater can cause damage to the flow path or connected components, such as the conveyor device.
  • the damage can also cause a leak in the flow path to the environment, which can allow (unburned) fuel gas to escape.
  • Continuing to operate the heater could pose a significant safety risk in the event of a leak.
  • the occurrence of a flashback is significantly more likely when using hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing mixture as a fuel gas due to the physical properties, in particular the flame speed and volatility, of hydrogen.
  • a flashback can be detected by the (almost) simultaneous or immediately successive existence of two operating states, namely a) a loss (non-detection) of the flame and b) a predetermined (significant) signal change, in particular a decrease or Break-in, a (monitoring) signal that enables conclusions to be drawn about the mass flow of combustion air, fuel gas or combustion mixture supplied to the burner.
  • a flashback usually results in a loss of flame, i.e. the flame on the burner goes out.
  • a loss of flame alone can have a variety of other causes, such as errors in the gas supply, an at least partially blocked exhaust gas path or the like.
  • the loss of flame (state a)) can be determined by means of the flame monitoring of the heater, in particular by a signal change - interruption or jump - of a determined sensor value of the flame monitoring.
  • State b namely a significant signal change or even an interruption of a signal, which enables a conclusion to be drawn about the mass flow of combustion air, fuel gas or combustion mixture supplied to the burner, can be determined by detecting signals from corresponding sensors or components.
  • a signal change is “significant” can be determined through experiments and/or observations on the heater and, if necessary, stored in a data memory as a reference. In the case of a conveyor device designed as a blower, this can in particular be a speed of the blower. This information is often available for the heater's control processes anyway.
  • a control signal from a controller of the conveyor device can also be used.
  • the controller can be, for example, a speed controller and the control signal can be a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.
  • PWM pulse width modulated
  • signals from a mass flow sensor in the mixture channel, a combustion air supply and/or a gas supply can also be used to detect state b).
  • a volume flow can also be used and can easily be converted into a mass flow if the density of the respective medium and the temperature are known.
  • the predetermined signal change or signal interruption refers to a sudden change in the signal, i.e. a sudden increase or decrease in the signal.
  • a signal change of at least 10% [percent] or in particular at least 20%, 30% or 40% can be sudden.
  • the signal change can take place in a short period of time, for example within a second, but in particular within half a second or a quarter of a second.
  • a sudden drop in the signal can occur as a result of the pressure surge on the pressure side of the conveyor device associated with the flashback.
  • Analogous behavior is to be expected for a signal from a mass flow sensor in the mixture channel, a combustion air supply and/or a gas supply.
  • a sudden increase in the signal is to be expected due to a flashback, since a speed control will increase the control signal when the speed drops (due to the flashback) in order to counteract the drop in speed.
  • Condition b) can also occur in a heater due to other circumstances, for example a pressure surge caused by strong wind in the outlet of the exhaust system or in the inlet of the intake (supply) of the combustion air.
  • condition a) a simultaneous occurrence of condition b) in conjunction with a loss of flame (condition a)) can be a sure indication of a flashback.
  • the heater can be taken out of operation in order to avoid associated safety risks.
  • the heater can be brought into an error state that can only be stopped by a qualified person, for example a service technician. This can advantageously ensure that the heater is checked for damage caused by the flashback before it is put into operation again.
  • information about a detected flashback can be displayed via a display device and/or a network, in particular the Internet, can be made available for retrieval and/or sent as a message.
  • the information can be made available for retrieval on an appliance interface of the heater or on a network storage (cloud).
  • a user/operator of the heater and/or a specialist company can be provided with information about a message as part of the implementation of a method proposed here and the specialist company can plan and carry out an appointment for maintenance and/or repairs accordingly.
  • a faulty state of the heater can be brought about quickly in this way.
  • a regulating and control device for a heater is also proposed, set up to carry out a method proposed here.
  • the control and control device can, for example, have and/or have a processor.
  • the processor can, for example, execute the method stored in a memory (of the control device).
  • the regulating and control device can be electrically connected, in particular, to a conveyor device and a flame monitor.
  • a heater having a regulating and control device proposed here.
  • the heater can be a gas heater, in particular a hydrogen-powered gas heater.
  • the gas heater can have a burner and a conveyor device with which a mixture of fuel (hydrogen) and combustion air can be supplied to the burner.
  • the heater can also have a flame monitor, which can detect a loss of flame on the burner of the heater.
  • a computer program is also proposed which is set up to (at least partially) carry out a method presented here.
  • this applies in particular to a computer program (product), comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause it to carry out a method proposed here.
  • the computer program can in particular be carried out on a control unit of the heater.
  • a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program is stored is also proposed.
  • the machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data carrier.
  • a method for detecting flashback in a heater is presented; a control and control device, a heater and a computer program are specified, which at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the method for operating a heater, the computer program, the control and control device, the heater and the use at least contribute to clearly determining a flashback in a heater and, if necessary, taking necessary measures.
  • a method proposed here can be carried out in a completely computer-implemented manner and generally does not require any structural changes compared to a heater according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example and schematic of a heater 1 proposed here.
  • This can include a burner 3 arranged in a combustion chamber 8.
  • Combustion air can be sucked in by a conveyor device 2, in particular designed as a fan, via a combustion air supply 4, in which a mass flow sensor 12 can be arranged.
  • the conveyor 2 can be connected to a speed controller 6, which can regulate a speed n of the conveyor by means of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal.
  • a gas valve 5 can add combustion air to the sucked-in air mass flow of combustion air from a gas supply 14 and can include a safety valve and a gas control valve for controlling the mass flow of fuel gas to be added.
  • the generated mixture of fuel gas and combustion air can flow to the burner 3 via a mixture channel 11.
  • the burner 3 can have a cylindrical shape, which can be attached with a base to a burner door 15 in such a way that combustion mixture can flow from the mixture channel into the burner 3. After combustion, the combustion products can be discharged to the outside via an exhaust pipe 9 of the heater and an exhaust system 10.
  • the heater 1 proposed here can be set up in particular to burn hydrogen.
  • the heater 1 can have a flame monitor 13 on/or in the burner door 15, which can be designed here as a sensor for UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by the flame.
  • a control and control device 7 can be set up to regulate the heater 1. For this purpose, this can be electrically connected, for example, to the speed controller 6, the conveyor 2, the gas valve 5, the flame monitoring 13 and a network 16 (Internet).
  • Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a burner 3 during the occurrence of a flashback.
  • the burner 3 can have a cylindrical shape with an externally arranged perforated plate 23 and a burner cavity 22 in which a flame arrester 17 can be arranged, which is intended to prevent a regular flame from breaking through from outside the perforated plate 23 into the burner cavity 22 and further into the mixture channel 11 .
  • the flame arrester 11 may have a defect 19 in which the flame can pass through.
  • Local overheating 18 of the perforated plate 23 can ignite the mixture of fuel gas and combustion air between the perforated plate 23 and the flame arrester 17 and the flame can penetrate further into the burner cavity 22 and the mixture channel 11 through the defect 19 and lead to a flashback 20 there.
  • Fig. 3 shows, by way of example and schematically, a parameter curve of a speed n of the conveyor device 2 as a signal 27, which enables a conclusion to be drawn about the mass flow of combustion air, fuel gas or combustion mixture supplied to the burner 3, depending on the time t. If, as part of the implementation of a method proposed here, the flame monitoring 13 causes a loss of flame, i.e. the regular flame goes out Flame on the burner 3, and thus state a) is detected, state b) can be detected, for example, on the signal 27 of the speed n of the conveyor device 2.
  • the speed n can drop from a first speed 24, which can correspond to the current operating point of the heater 1, to a second speed 26 within a short period of time 25 of a quarter of a second. The speed n can then increase again to the first speed 24.
  • first the number words used here
  • second primarily serve (only) to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, i.e. in particular no dependency and/or order of these objects, sizes or prescribe processes to each other. If a dependency and/or sequence is required, this is explicitly stated here or it will be obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment. To the extent that a component can occur multiple times (“at least one"), the description of one of these components can apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP23195740.8A 2022-09-12 2023-09-06 Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique Pending EP4336100A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022123081.3A DE102022123081A1 (de) 2022-09-12 2022-09-12 Verfahren zum Feststellen eines Flammenrückschlages bei einem Heizgerät; Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Computerprogramm

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4336100A1 true EP4336100A1 (fr) 2024-03-13

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EP23195740.8A Pending EP4336100A1 (fr) 2022-09-12 2023-09-06 Procédé de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un appareil de chauffage, appareil de réglage et de commande, appareil de chauffage et programme informatique

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4336100A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022123081A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080016877A1 (en) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting a flashback condition in a gas turbine
AT510002A4 (de) 2010-12-20 2012-01-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung eines gas-/luftgemisches
DE102019121973A1 (de) 2019-08-15 2021-02-18 Vaillant Gmbh Heizgerät für ein Gebäude
EP3919817A1 (fr) 2020-05-26 2021-12-08 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de détection des défaillances lors de l'allumage d'un brûleur doté d'un ventilateur destiné à l'alimentation en air et d'une soupape à combustible
EP3992529A1 (fr) 2020-10-30 2022-05-04 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif d'allumage d'un brûleur
DE102021102713A1 (de) 2021-02-05 2022-08-11 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Erkennung eines Flammenrückschlages in einen Vormisch-Brenner

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080016877A1 (en) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting a flashback condition in a gas turbine
AT510002A4 (de) 2010-12-20 2012-01-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung eines gas-/luftgemisches
DE102019121973A1 (de) 2019-08-15 2021-02-18 Vaillant Gmbh Heizgerät für ein Gebäude
EP3919817A1 (fr) 2020-05-26 2021-12-08 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de détection des défaillances lors de l'allumage d'un brûleur doté d'un ventilateur destiné à l'alimentation en air et d'une soupape à combustible
EP3992529A1 (fr) 2020-10-30 2022-05-04 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif d'allumage d'un brûleur
DE102021102713A1 (de) 2021-02-05 2022-08-11 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Erkennung eines Flammenrückschlages in einen Vormisch-Brenner
EP4043793A1 (fr) * 2021-02-05 2022-08-17 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et agencement de détection d'un retour de flamme dans un brûleur à prémelange

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Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR